CN105178858A - Drilling rig for double-tube high pressure jet grouting technology - Google Patents
Drilling rig for double-tube high pressure jet grouting technology Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105178858A CN105178858A CN201510650078.2A CN201510650078A CN105178858A CN 105178858 A CN105178858 A CN 105178858A CN 201510650078 A CN201510650078 A CN 201510650078A CN 105178858 A CN105178858 A CN 105178858A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- drilling rod
- slurry
- tracheae
- drill
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses a drilling rig for a double-tube high pressure jet grouting technology. The drilling rig comprises a slurry feeding assembly, a drill pipe and a drill bit, wherein the slurry feeding assembly comprises a slurry feeding channel, a first high-pressure slurry feeding core tube, a gas feeding channel and a first gas tube; a second slurry feeding core tube and a second gas tube are arranged in the drill pipe; a drill bushing is arranged at the lower end of the drill pipe; a three-way joint is arranged in the drill bushing; high pressure slurry jetting nozzles are respectively arranged at two outlets of the lower end of the three-way joint; and a gas outlet hole is formed in the lower end of the drill bushing. By the slurry feeding channel and the gas feeding channel, two medium jet streams including high pressure cement slurry and air are ejected out in the transverse direction simultaneously by two tubes, and impact and damage soil, along with rotating, swinging and lifting of the drilling rig, soil damaging energy is increased obviously under combined action of high pressure slurry and surrounding air on the periphery of the high pressure slurry, the slurry and soil particles are forcedly stirred and mixed to form a cylindrical jet-grouted solid after being solidified, the purpose of reinforcing a foundation or stopping water to prevent seepage is achieved, and construction efficiency and pile-forming quality are improved effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drilling tool for two-tube high-pressure rotary-spray technique.
Background technology
Current in construction of soft soil treatment field, the method for common ground stabilization is cement injection method, is be injected in ground by cement grout, to strengthen the bearing capacity of ground.In cement injection process, normal employing single channel drilling tool is constructed, adopt dry spray or wet shot stirring technique, but adopt above-mentioned single channel drilling tool equipment construction then to there is function singleness, the shortcoming of bad adaptability, when (as the area such as coastal, riverine) constructs having under undercurrent or the larger Soft Clay environment of humidity, injecting slurries easily flows away with undercurrent, and pile-forming effect is poor.And the drilling rod of existing drilling tool to be connected by joint by multistage drilling rod and to form, repeat dismounting drilling rod executing man-hour requirement, waste time and energy.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the deficiency existed for above-mentioned prior art provides a kind of pile-forming effect good, and in construction, do not need the drilling tool for two-tube high-pressure rotary-spray technique of repetition dismounting drilling rod.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of drilling tool for two-tube high-pressure rotary-spray technique, it comprises into slurry assembly, with enter to starch the drilling rod that assembly is connected and the drill bit be connected with drilling rod lower end, enter to starch assembly described in it is characterized in that and comprise slurry intake channel, be tightly connected with slurry intake channel first enters to starch core pipe, inlet channel, the first tracheae be tightly connected with inlet channel, described first air pipe sleeve is contained in first and enters to starch outside core pipe, in drilling rod, be provided with second enter to starch core pipe and first and enter to starch core pipe and be communicated with, enter to starch with second the second tracheae being provided with between core pipe and being connected with the first tracheae at drilling rod, drill bushing is connected with in the lower end of drilling rod, tee junction is provided with in drill bushing, the upper end endoporus and second of described tee junction enters to starch the core seal of tube and is connected, the exit, lower end two of tee junction all arranges high-pressure mortar spraying mouth, the air chamber be connected with the second tracheae is provided with between drill bushing with tee junction, the air venthole that to be connected with air chamber is provided with in the lower end of drill bushing.
By technique scheme, be connected with drilling rod by Conic thread rod at described drill bushing.
By technique scheme, be provided with spray cover in the lower end of drill bushing, described venthole is arranged on spray and puts.
By technique scheme, described air chamber comprises upper chamber and lower chamber, certain axial spacing is provided with between the second tracheae and tee junction, form upper chamber, radial spacing is provided with between spray cover and high-pressure mortar spraying mouth, form lower chamber, tee junction is provided with axial eccentric orfice, this axial eccentric orfice is communicated with upper chamber and lower chamber.
By technique scheme, described drill bit is taper bit.
By technique scheme, be connected with many second in turn and enter to starch core pipe in drilling rod, adjacent second enters to starch core pipe is tightly connected by transit joint, arranges flowing hole at the center of described transit joint.
By technique scheme, be provided with multiple second tracheae in drilling rod, each second tracheae is connected successively, and adjacent second tracheae is connected by dead joint, and described dead joint and drill pipe slip are welded and fixed.
By technique scheme, described in enter to starch assembly and be connected with drilling rod by drilling rod flange.
By technique scheme, described drilling rod is alternately welded successively by sleeve pipe and drill pipe slip.
Beneficial effect acquired by the present invention is: 1, the present invention is by arranging high pressure slurry intake channel and low-pressure admission binary channels, after drill bit creeps into the precalculated position of soil layer, simultaneously by water under high pressure mud and the injection of low-pressure air two media transverse jet, wherein, the pressure of the slurries in high pressure slurry intake channel is up to 20 ~ 40MPa, it forms jet action, for die-cut, disturbance, destroy the soil body, along with the rotation of drilling tool, swing and promote, at high pressure slurries with under the acting in conjunction of its outer ring circling gas flow, the energy destroying the soil body enlarges markedly, slurries are mixed with grogs action of forced stirring, after grout cures, a cylindric induration (i.e. rotary churning pile) is formed in soil, to reach the object of consolidated subsoil or sealing antiseepage, effectively improve the quality of efficiency of construction and pile.2, the present invention utilizes jet action cutting to mix and stirs stratum, does not need to arrange stirring vane again, further simplify the structure of drill bit in bit exterior; 3, drilling rod of the present invention is alternately welded successively by sleeve pipe and drill pipe slip, and make the height entirety of drilling rod fixing, it is driven by dynamical system in work progress, does not need repetition dismounting drilling rod in construction, time saving and energy saving; 4, the present invention affects little by the granularity of soil layer, soil, native density, hardener viscosity, hardener firm time, the plain fill even multiple soil layer such as gravelly soil in mud, mucky soil, cohesive soil, silty clay, (lam), silt (sandy loam), sand, loess and artificial earth fill can be widely used in, can be used as the use of the ground stabilization of existing building and new building, also can be used as the use of Foundation Anti-seepage; Can be used as the temporary measure (as deep-foundation side wall gear soil or dash, water protecting curtain etc.) in construction, also can be used as the ground stabilization of permanent building, Anti-seeping technology.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart entering to starch assembly in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of drilling rod upper end in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of drill bit in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the outline drawing of drill bit in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the main sectional view of tee junction in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the top view of tee junction in the present invention.
In figure, 1, enter to starch elbow, 2, seal, 3, air inlet elbow, 4, core pipe, 5, two flange, 6, black box, 7, large cylinder sleeve, 8, first enters to starch core pipe, 9, first tracheae, 10, drilling rod upper flange, 11, drilling rod lower flange, 12, second enters to starch core pipe, 13, second tracheae, 14, drilling rod, 15, dead joint, 16, transit joint, 17, fixed cover, 18, drill pipe slip, 19, Conic thread rod, 20, square set, 21, bit sub, 22, drill bushing, 23, tee junction, 24, high-pressure mortar spraying mouth, 25, spray cover, 26, spray block set, 27 drill bits, 28, upper chamber, 29, lower chamber, 30, venthole, 31, axial eccentric orfice.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, present embodiments provide a kind of drilling tool for two-tube high-pressure rotary-spray technique, it comprise into slurry assembly, with enter to starch the drilling rod 14 that assembly is connected by the upper and lower flange 10,11 of drilling rod and the taper bit 27 be connected with drilling rod lower end.
Describedly enter to starch that assembly comprises by entering to starch elbow 1, air inlet elbow 3, seal 2, two flange 5, core pipe 4, large cylinder sleeve 7, first tracheae 9 and black box 6, bearing forms.Sealed tube 2, large cylinder sleeve 7 are linked together by bolt by two flange 5, the side of sealed tube 2 is installed air inlet elbow 3, top is installed into slurry elbow 1, the first and enters to starch between core pipe 8 and sealed tube 2 and adopt UN RunddichtringO to seal.Arrange core pipe 4 in the inside of large cylinder sleeve 7, core pipe 4 is sleeved on first and enters to starch outside core pipe 8, and its upper end is connected with the inlet channel in seal 2, and both also played as inlet channel the effect that protection first enters to starch core pipe 8, the lower end of core pipe 4 is connected with the first tracheae 9.Between large cylinder sleeve 7 and the first tracheae 9, rolling bearing is housed, the first tracheae 9 can be rotated relative to large cylinder sleeve 5.First enters to starch core pipe 8 adopts integral solder form, ensures the sealing effectiveness of high pressure slurries.
Described drilling rod 14 is alternately welded successively by sleeve pipe and drill pipe slip 18, and make the height entirety of drilling rod fixing, it is driven by dynamical system in work progress, does not need repetition dismounting drilling rod in construction, time saving and energy saving.In drilling rod 14, be provided with second enter to starch core pipe 12 and first and enter to starch core pipe 8 and be communicated with, each core pipe 12 connects successively, adjacent second enters to starch core pipe is tightly connected by transit joint 16, arranges flowing hole at the center of described transit joint 16, for being communicated with the centre bore that adjacent second enters to starch core pipe; Enter to starch the second tracheae 13 being provided with between core pipe 12 and being connected with the first tracheae at drilling rod 14 and second, each second tracheae 13 is connected successively, and adjacent second tracheae is connected by dead joint 15, and described dead joint 15 is welded and fixed with drill pipe slip 18.The lower end of drilling rod 14 is connected with bit sub 21 in turn by Conic thread rod 19, drill bushing 22, square set 20 is outside equipped with at Conic thread rod 19 and bit sub 21, tee junction 23 is provided with in drill bushing 22, the upper end endoporus and second of described tee junction 23 enters to starch the core seal of tube and is connected, the exit, lower end two of tee junction is all sealedly connected with high-pressure mortar spraying mouth 24, the plenum chamber be connected with the second tracheae is provided with between drill bushing 20 with tee junction 23, spray block set 26 is provided with in the lower end of drill bushing 22, spray cover 25 is provided with in nozzle carrier 26, wherein, spray cover 25 is corresponding with high-pressure mortar spraying mouth 24, spray cover 25 is provided with air venthole 30 be connected with air chamber.Described air chamber comprises upper chamber 28 and lower chamber 29, certain axial spacing is provided with between the second tracheae and tee junction, form upper chamber 28, radial spacing is provided with between spray cover 25 and high-pressure mortar spraying mouth 24, form lower chamber 29, tee junction 23 is provided with axial eccentric orfice 31, this axial eccentric orfice 31 is communicated with upper chamber and lower chamber.
The present invention by arranging high pressure slurry intake channel and low-pressure admission passage in drilling tool, after drill bit creeps into the precalculated position of soil layer, water under high pressure mud and low-pressure air two media are penetrated from transverse jet in high-pressure mortar spraying mouth 24 and air venthole 30 respectively simultaneously, wherein, the pressure of the slurries in high pressure slurry intake channel is up to 20 ~ 40MPa, it forms jet action, for die-cut, disturbance, destroy the soil body, low-pressure air plays mix and blend effect, along with the rotation of drilling tool, swing and promote, at high pressure slurries with under the acting in conjunction of its outer ring circling gas flow, the energy destroying the soil body enlarges markedly, slurries are mixed with grogs action of forced stirring, after grout cures, a cylindric induration (i.e. rotary churning pile) is formed in soil, to reach the object of consolidated subsoil or sealing antiseepage.
Claims (9)
1. the drilling tool for two-tube high-pressure rotary-spray technique, it comprises into slurry assembly, with enter to starch the drilling rod that assembly is connected and the drill bit be connected with drilling rod lower end, enter to starch assembly described in it is characterized in that and comprise slurry intake channel, be tightly connected with slurry intake channel first enters to starch core pipe, inlet channel, the first tracheae be tightly connected with inlet channel, described first air pipe sleeve is contained in first and enters to starch outside core pipe, in drilling rod, be provided with second enter to starch core pipe and first and enter to starch core pipe and be communicated with, enter to starch with second the second tracheae being provided with between core pipe and being connected with the first tracheae at drilling rod, drill bushing is connected with in the lower end of drilling rod, tee junction is provided with in drill bushing, the upper end endoporus and second of described tee junction enters to starch the core seal of tube and is connected, the exit, lower end two of tee junction all arranges high-pressure mortar spraying mouth, the air chamber be connected with the second tracheae is provided with between drill bushing with tee junction, the venthole that to be connected with air chamber is provided with in the lower end of drill bushing.
2. drilling tool according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is connected by Conic thread rod at described drill bushing with drilling rod.
3. drilling tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, be provided with spray cover in the lower end of drill bushing, described venthole is arranged on spray and puts.
4. drilling tool according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described air chamber comprises upper chamber and lower chamber, certain axial spacing is provided with between the second tracheae and tee junction, form upper chamber, between spray cover and high-pressure mortar spraying mouth, be provided with radial spacing, form lower chamber, tee junction is provided with axial air vent, this axial air vent is communicated with upper chamber and lower chamber.
5. drilling tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described drill bit is taper bit.
6. drilling tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, is connected with many second in turn and enters to starch core pipe in drilling rod, and adjacent second enters to starch core pipe is tightly connected by transit joint, arranges flowing hole at the center of described transit joint.
7. drilling tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, is provided with multiple second tracheae in drilling rod, and each second tracheae is connected successively, and adjacent second tracheae is connected by dead joint, and described dead joint and drill pipe slip are welded and fixed.
8. drilling tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described in enter to starch assembly and be connected with drilling rod by drilling rod flange.
9. drilling tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described drilling rod is alternately welded successively by sleeve pipe and drill pipe slip.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510650078.2A CN105178858B (en) | 2015-10-10 | 2015-10-10 | A kind of drilling tool for two-tube high-pressure rotary-spray technique |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510650078.2A CN105178858B (en) | 2015-10-10 | 2015-10-10 | A kind of drilling tool for two-tube high-pressure rotary-spray technique |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105178858A true CN105178858A (en) | 2015-12-23 |
| CN105178858B CN105178858B (en) | 2018-03-27 |
Family
ID=54901217
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510650078.2A Active CN105178858B (en) | 2015-10-10 | 2015-10-10 | A kind of drilling tool for two-tube high-pressure rotary-spray technique |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105178858B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106988306A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-07-28 | 山东省建筑科学研究院 | A kind of mixing jet-grouting drilling tool |
| CN110424890A (en) * | 2019-08-11 | 2019-11-08 | 叶江清 | A kind of percussion mechanism and multi-functional down-the-hole device |
| CN114622540A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-14 | 浙江新盛建设集团有限公司 | Die-cut construction equipment of shaping constructional column top high pressure |
| CN115488144A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-20 | 同济大学 | In-situ repair device and equipment for double-pipe double-channel liquid adding, powder spraying and stirring |
| CN114622540B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-04-19 | 浙江新盛建设集团有限公司 | High-pressure punching construction device for top of forming constructional column |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3792741A (en) * | 1972-01-06 | 1974-02-19 | Hercules Inc | Jet spalling assembly and drill-spalling rig |
| CN1232112A (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 1999-10-20 | 金怀娄 | Method and apparatus for triple pipe rotary spray of reinforced concrete pile foundation |
| CN201212147Y (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-03-25 | 何世鸣 | Combination drill tool for long screwy jet grouting and stirring pile |
| CN201574687U (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-09-08 | 中铁科工集团有限公司 | Three-pipe high-pressure rotary jetting driller |
| CN202337979U (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-07-18 | 北京荣创科宏岩土工程有限公司 | Air slurry separation device and drill rod combination structure with same |
| CN202706018U (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-01-30 | 山东鑫国重机科技有限公司 | Double-pipe jet grouting drilling machine |
| CN202706930U (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-01-30 | 山东鑫国重机科技有限公司 | Dual-pipe rotary jet grouting rig drill |
| CN203716154U (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-07-16 | 江苏省无锡探矿机械总厂有限公司 | Multi-medium ultrahigh-pressure sprayer |
| CN204098786U (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-01-14 | 中铁科工集团有限公司 | A kind of drilling tool for dry wet shot stirring technique |
| CN205078179U (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-03-09 | 中铁科工集团轨道交通装备有限公司 | A drilling tool for double -barrelled high pressure jet technology |
-
2015
- 2015-10-10 CN CN201510650078.2A patent/CN105178858B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3792741A (en) * | 1972-01-06 | 1974-02-19 | Hercules Inc | Jet spalling assembly and drill-spalling rig |
| CN1232112A (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 1999-10-20 | 金怀娄 | Method and apparatus for triple pipe rotary spray of reinforced concrete pile foundation |
| CN201212147Y (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-03-25 | 何世鸣 | Combination drill tool for long screwy jet grouting and stirring pile |
| CN201574687U (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-09-08 | 中铁科工集团有限公司 | Three-pipe high-pressure rotary jetting driller |
| CN202337979U (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-07-18 | 北京荣创科宏岩土工程有限公司 | Air slurry separation device and drill rod combination structure with same |
| CN202706018U (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-01-30 | 山东鑫国重机科技有限公司 | Double-pipe jet grouting drilling machine |
| CN202706930U (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-01-30 | 山东鑫国重机科技有限公司 | Dual-pipe rotary jet grouting rig drill |
| CN203716154U (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-07-16 | 江苏省无锡探矿机械总厂有限公司 | Multi-medium ultrahigh-pressure sprayer |
| CN204098786U (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-01-14 | 中铁科工集团有限公司 | A kind of drilling tool for dry wet shot stirring technique |
| CN205078179U (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-03-09 | 中铁科工集团轨道交通装备有限公司 | A drilling tool for double -barrelled high pressure jet technology |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 宋鹏飞 等: "双重管高压旋喷桩在城市道路顶管中的应用", 《建筑》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106988306A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-07-28 | 山东省建筑科学研究院 | A kind of mixing jet-grouting drilling tool |
| CN106988306B (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2021-06-01 | 山东省建筑科学研究院 | Drilling tool for stirring rotary jetting |
| CN110424890A (en) * | 2019-08-11 | 2019-11-08 | 叶江清 | A kind of percussion mechanism and multi-functional down-the-hole device |
| CN114622540A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-14 | 浙江新盛建设集团有限公司 | Die-cut construction equipment of shaping constructional column top high pressure |
| CN114622540B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-04-19 | 浙江新盛建设集团有限公司 | High-pressure punching construction device for top of forming constructional column |
| CN115488144A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-20 | 同济大学 | In-situ repair device and equipment for double-pipe double-channel liquid adding, powder spraying and stirring |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105178858B (en) | 2018-03-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN206956714U (en) | Down-the-hole impacts rotating spraying mixture pile construction equipment | |
| CN104631480B (en) | Adopt the method that jet grouting pile driving machine carries out water seal for deep foundation pit curtain construction | |
| CN104929114A (en) | High pressure jet grouting pile waterproof curtain construction device and method | |
| CN201826303U (en) | Long-spiral high/low-pressure multi-pipe self-drilling type mixing jet grouting pile forming device | |
| CN204753574U (en) | High pressure jet grouting pile stagnant water curtain construction equipment | |
| CN103806479A (en) | Pile foundation combined grouting reinforcement construction method combining waterproof curtain | |
| CN107338789B (en) | A kind of construction method of down-the-hole percussion triple-pipe high pressure jet grouting stake | |
| CN105041264A (en) | Method for repeated hole sealing on gas extraction drilling hole by rotary jet grouting and solidifying | |
| CN201395793Y (en) | Long spiral high-pressure spraying mud injecting stirring pile-forming device | |
| CN106284295A (en) | Multichannel high-pressure vibro-grouting jet groutinl construction method | |
| CN104563099A (en) | Porous pipe method large-diameter high-pressure jet grouting pile construction method | |
| KR101868086B1 (en) | drive rod apparatus for a drilling and grouting | |
| CN101886387A (en) | Construction method of self-drilling type mixing jet-grouting pile for long-auger high-pressure and low-pressure multi-tube | |
| CN105178858A (en) | Drilling rig for double-tube high pressure jet grouting technology | |
| CN206396745U (en) | Long spire stake machine with the Counterboring apparatus that spins | |
| CN101787693B (en) | High pressure powder-spray nozzle for high pressure powder spray method | |
| CN205078179U (en) | A drilling tool for double -barrelled high pressure jet technology | |
| CN206337557U (en) | A kind of triple tube down-the-hole percussion injector combination unit | |
| CN202706018U (en) | Double-pipe jet grouting drilling machine | |
| CN211144384U (en) | High-pressure rotary jet drill bit for geological drilling machine | |
| CN208563316U (en) | A kind of large-section in-situ concrete pile pile-end sediment sediment processing unit | |
| CN104612137A (en) | Perforated pipe method super-deep, fast, and super-large diameter high pressure chemical churning pile construction method | |
| CN214530635U (en) | Stirring drill bit for large-diameter cement stirring pile | |
| CN115126408A (en) | Repair medicament reinforced in-situ direct-pushing injection drilling tool and injection method | |
| CN101942831A (en) | Method for blasting and enlarging jet grouting pile |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |