CN105159954B - Three-dimensional electronic sea chart generation method based on GIS and virtual reality technology - Google Patents
Three-dimensional electronic sea chart generation method based on GIS and virtual reality technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of three-dimensional electronic sea chart generation method based on GIS and virtual reality technology, establishes three-dimensional terrain model；Establish thematic data base model；Establish water surface model and Flow Numerical Simulation model；Establish ship model database module；The simulation result of calculation of three-dimensional terrain model, thematic data base model, water surface model and Flow Numerical Simulation model, ship model database module is associated with fusion, to Various types of data synthesis display, builds virtual reality scenario；It is calculated by model analysis and space, service is provided for marine navigation.The present invention provides a policy setting intuitive, true to nature for driver, improves the safety of shipping for building the three-dimensional electronic sea chart that can be applied to real ship production practices.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to marine navigation field, especially a kind of three-dimensional electronic sea chart based on GIS and virtual reality technology
Generation method.
Background technology
In recent years, with GPS/GIS/GSM technologies, ship automatic identification system (AIS), electronic Chart Display and information system
The development for technologies such as (ECDIS) of uniting, She Hai mechanisms of China have carried out the exploitation of the three-dimensional electronic sea chart based on virtual reality successively
Work, achieves certain achievement.However, China remains in terms of three-dimensional electronic sea chart system development as follows not at present
Foot：1. underwater topography, flow field numerical value, navigational aids planning etc. are individually emulated mostly, synthesis display ability is weak, and rests on mostly
The demonstration stage；2. focusing on emulation, fail model analysis and the spatial analysis functions of effective integration GIS, thus lacks determining for science
Amount analysis；3. most of is to carry out secondary development on external related system, lack independent intellectual property right, the maintenance of system and liter
All there are some problems in grade.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：A kind of three-dimensional electronic sea chart based on GIS and virtual reality technology is provided
Generation method provides a policy setting intuitive, true to nature for driver, improves the safety of shipping.
The technical solution taken by the invention to solve the above technical problem is：One kind being based on GIS and virtual reality technology
Three-dimensional electronic sea chart generation method, it is characterised in that：It includes the following steps：
S1, three-dimensional terrain model is established：
Based on GIS and 3ds Max, based on the three-dimensional geographic scenes of high presence, irregular grid model is utilized
Method establish sea/riverbed DEM, and complete the splicing of sea/riverbed DEM and land DEM；
S2, thematic data base model is established：
According to investigational data to the visual technology of scene areas, restores topography and geomorphology true, true to nature, navigation mark and manually build
Build object；
S3, water surface model and Flow Numerical Simulation model are established：
Water surface real time water level is indicated with fixterm and disturbance term two parts, and wherein fixterm is depth datum, disturbance
Item includes tide part and non-tide part；Tide is carried out using the astronomical tide numerical forecast model based on tide table data assimilation
Forecast, and then acquire the depth information of the instantaneous water surface；
Flow Numerical Simulation model is based on navigation channel CAD diagram, measured discharge, water level and ratio drop information, establishes conservation of mass company
Continuous equation and the conservation of momentum equation of motion carry out numerical simulation to navigation channel flow field；
S4, ship model database module is established
It is input with the serial data of AIS, by parsing the ship element information in AIS original messages, to ship model
The model of database carries out match query；
S5, association visualization model is established
By three-dimensional terrain model, thematic data base model, water surface model and Flow Numerical Simulation model, ship model data
The simulation result of calculation association fusion of library module builds virtual reality scenario to Various types of data synthesis display；
S6, water surface dynamic ship information are shown
It is calculated by model analysis and space, the collision between ship and sea/riverbed, ship and ship provides warning information；
By being parsed to the original message that AIS is inputted, the element information of surrounding ship is obtained, to the fortune of ship around
Dynamic gesture is shown in virtual reality scenario, while being superimposed with and the relevant Ship dynamic situation of security decision and static information.
By said program, the S1 is using the strategy of layering structure physical model, each gradation entity model of structure completion
Recombinant is integrated afterwards；Three levels are divided into the physical model emulation being related within the scope of waters：1. navigation mark, representative ship types, nothing
By being that Geometric Modeling or texture mapping are all made by the way of fine；2. bridge, harbour, ship, coastal aids are built
Object is built, geometric pattern and textural characteristics are kept；3. other land atural objects, only indicate its general profile and geometric shape.
By said program, the navigation channels the S3 flow field is made of flow continuity equation and water movement equation：
Flow continuity equation：
Water movement equation：
Wherein：U, v (x, y, t)-x, the flow velocity on the directions y；Z-water level；The practical depth of waters of H-, H=h+z, h are diagram water
It is deep；G-acceleration of gravity；ξx,ξy- turbulent viscosity；F-Corrioli's effect coefficient.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：In the present invention, three-dimensional geographical scenario simulation, numerical value flow field simulation and Ship dynamic situation
Data are to provide decision-making assistant information for driver, water surface traffic management information is provided for maritime sector, being provided for navigation channel department
The basis of the applications such as navigation channel assay information；By using advanced computer simulation emulation technology to ship's navigation waters
The geographical, hydrology carries out three-dimensional artificial and numerical computations, discloses to visual pattern geographical environment, flow, the water level in navigation channel etc. and boat
The closely bound up ship-handling reference information of row safety；By the model analysis of utilization GIS and spatial analysis functions and pass through
To AIS packet parsings, it is in front of ship, lateral, bottom safety is apart from early warning, is that deck officer is multiple in navigation flow condition
Aid decision is provided under miscellaneous, dimensions of the channel rough sledding, to improve shipping safety.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow of the integrated structure of underwater and coastal feature of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the water surface dynamic ship three-dimensional artificial display module structure chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific example and attached drawing, the present invention will be further described.
The present invention provides a kind of three-dimensional electronic sea chart generation method based on GIS and virtual reality technology, as shown in Figure 1,
It includes the following steps：
S1, three-dimensional terrain model is established：
Based on GIS and 3ds Max, based on the three-dimensional geographic scenes of high presence, irregular grid model is utilized
Method establish sea/riverbed DEM, and complete the splicing of sea/riverbed DEM and land DEM；
S2, thematic data base model is established：
According to investigational data to the visual technology of scene areas, restores topography and geomorphology true, true to nature, navigation mark and manually build
Build object；
S3, water surface model and Flow Numerical Simulation model are established：
Water surface real time water level is indicated with fixterm and disturbance term two parts, and wherein fixterm is depth datum, disturbance
Item includes tide part and non-tide part；Tide is carried out using the astronomical tide numerical forecast model based on tide table data assimilation
Forecast, and then acquire the depth information of the instantaneous water surface；
Flow Numerical Simulation model is based on navigation channel CAD diagram, measured discharge, water level and ratio drop information, establishes conservation of mass company
Continuous equation and the conservation of momentum equation of motion carry out numerical simulation to navigation channel flow field；
S4, ship model database module is established
It is input with the serial data of AIS, by parsing the ship element information in AIS original messages, to ship model
The model of database carries out match query；
S5, association visualization model is established
By three-dimensional terrain model, thematic data base model, water surface model and Flow Numerical Simulation model, ship model data
The simulation result of calculation association fusion of library module builds virtual reality scenario to Various types of data synthesis display；
S6, water surface dynamic ship information are shown
It is calculated by model analysis and space, the collision between ship and sea/riverbed, ship and ship provides warning information；
By being parsed to the original message that AIS is inputted, the element information of surrounding ship is obtained, to the fortune of ship around
Dynamic gesture is shown in virtual reality scenario, while being superimposed with and the relevant Ship dynamic situation of security decision and static information.
As shown in Figure 1, three-dimensional terrain model module is by extracting, just the acquisition of dem data source, electronic chart bathymetric data
Projection picture and texture processing realize underwater topography and its integrated metaplasia of coastal feature using the method for irregular grid model
At.Thematic data base model module realizes three-dimensional entity model, the element of composition model and its texture by effectively managing
The quickly management operation such as storage, deletion, inquiry, matching.Flow Numerical Simulation module is based on navigation channel CAD diagram, measured discharge, water
Position, than drop etc. information, establish conservation of mass continuity equation and the conservation of momentum equation of motion, to navigation channel flow field carry out numerical simulation.
AIS packet parsings and ship model database module are input with the serial data of AIS, by parsing in AIS original messages
Ship element information carries out match query to the model of ship model database.Be associated with visualization model by three-dimensional terrain model,
Thematic data model, numerical value flow field model, ship model etc. simulate result of calculation association fusion, to Various types of data synthesis display,
Build virtual reality scenario.Three-dimensional navigation channel is shown with searching platform module to being associated with visual result superposition association attributes, control
System and information to aid in decision, and shown and provided inquiry operation.Roaming manually can be arranged, from animation in scene walkthrough module
Trip, hawkeye navigation Three models.Interactive query module can carry out terrain information and be looked into thematic attribute on the basis of displaying live view
It askes.Navigation channel analysis module has the specific analyses functions such as ship navigation analysis, shallow automatic identification and alarm.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the integrated structure of underwater and coastal feature of one embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 3 is that the present invention one is real
Apply the water surface dynamic ship three-dimensional artificial display module structure chart of example.
1, the geographical scenario building of three-dimensional under GIS and 3ds Max are integrated.
Three-dimensional electronic sea chart system is based on the three-dimensional geographic scenes of high presence.The invention firstly uses not
The method of regular digital grid model establishes sea (river) bed DEM, and completes the splicing of sea (river) bed DEM and land DEM；Secondly according to tune
Grind visual technology of the data to scene areas, reduction topography and geomorphology, navigation mark and artificial structure true, true to nature.
The key factor that the integration of underwater topography and its coastal feature generates seeks to unify underwater topography and land first
The coordinate frame of ground terrain data.Under unified frame, the structure of model is just consistent with the structure of general relief model, to
The construction method of general relief model can be applied.The flow of underwater and coastal feature integration structure is as shown in Figure 2.Coordinate turns
Block is changed the mold in order to realize the uniformity of terrain data, by each coordinate system that may be present that cannot be compatible with each other in modeling region
System, is uniformly converted into global coordinate system WGS84.Unifying datum module is using WGS84 reference ellipsoids as unified vertical base
The uniformity of data is realized in quasi- face.TIN triangulation network generation modules are based on irregular net using Bowyer-Watson algorithms structure
The DEM models of lattice.
In order to improve the real-time of environment viewing, while the vivid effect of what comes into a driver's is not significantly affected, it is real using layering structure
The strategy of body Model, recombinant is integrated after structure completes each gradation entity model.To the entity being related within the scope of experiment waters
Model emulation is divided into three levels：1. navigation mark, representative ship types, either Geometric Modeling or texture mapping are all using fine
Mode makes；2. bridge, harbour, ship, coastal aids building keep geometric pattern and textural characteristics；3. it is land other
Atural object need to only make roughly, indicate its general profile and geometric shape, not need point-device grain details.
2, modeling water surface.
Sea is all changing all the time because being influenced by stormy waves, tide etc..To calculate sea real time water level, can use solid
Item is determined with disturbance term two parts to indicate.Fixterm is depth datum, and disturbance term includes tide part and non-tide part.
I (t)=G (t)+r (t)
In formula：I (t) indicates Instantaneous Sea Level；G (t) indicates sea fixterm；R (t) indicates sea disturbance item.
Ship conservatively uses depth datum to indicate sea Real-time Water in real navigation, in order to ensure that safety is general
Position.And situations such as ship for multiplying tide navigation in some depth of water restricted areas, the depth information of Instantaneous Sea Level has extremely important
Practical significance.Obtaining Instantaneous Sea Level depth, there are mainly two types of methods：First, obtaining Instantaneous Sea Level in real time using GPS precision positionings
Geodetic height, then according to known sea-floor relief geodetic height calculate Instantaneous Sea Level depth information；Second is that establishing oceanic tide
The depth information of Instantaneous Sea Level is obtained by calculation in forecasting model.The present invention uses the astronomical tide based on tide table data assimilation
Numerical forecast model carries out tide prediction, and then acquires the depth information of Instantaneous Sea Level.
3, Flow Numerical Simulation.
Currently, engineering section part water level, flow velocity and flow location form variation are mainly carried out using Two-dimensional mathematical model
It more meticulously calculates, fundamental equation is made of flow continuity equation and water movement equation：
Flow continuity equation：
Water movement equation：
Wherein：U, v (x, y, t)-x, the flow velocity on the directions y；Z-water level；(H=h+z, h are diagram water to the practical depth of waters of H-
It is deep)；G-acceleration of gravity；ξx,ξy- turbulent viscosity；F-Corrioli's effect coefficient.
Navigation channel Flow Numerical Simulation be based on navigation channel CAD diagram, measured discharge, water level, than drop etc. data informations.It simulates meter
The three-dimensional navigation simulating scenes in determining region can be imported by being counted as fruit, real-time, interactive inquiry be supported, in order to deck officer's standard
Really judge that mainstream, unhurried current and reflux, identification push the ship's navigations risks such as stream, suck stream, Xuan Shui, formulate safe navigation side in time
Needle.
Flow numerical model is calculated by the range to Su-Tong Brideg upstream and downstream overall length about 4km, and is flowed with actual measurement
Speed is compared, the results showed that this flow numerical model has higher precision, fully meets the requirement of system application.
4, water surface dynamic ship information is shown.
Water surface dynamic ship information display system makes full use of subaqua-tic geomorphology, water surface hydrometeorology and aquatic sports ship state
All kinds of element informations such as gesture, are calculated by model analysis and space, and the collision between ship and sea (river) bed, ship and ship provides in advance
Alert information, the navigation safety of effective guarantee ship.
System obtains the element information of surrounding ship, to ship around by being parsed to the original message that AIS is inputted
State of motion shown in virtual emulation three-dimensional navigation environment, while being superimposed with the ship closely bound up with security decision
Dynamic and static information.Water surface dynamic ship three-dimensional artificial display module structure is as shown in Figure 3.
The three-dimensional electronic sea chart system surrounds virtual emulation and the visualization of three-dimensional navigation environment, and ring is navigated by water in three-dimensional artificial
A series of complete function services are provided under border, major function includes：Aids to navigation, characteristically object view see display；Navigating ship
Front, lateral, bottom safety are apart from early warning；Different scenes pattern (fine day, cloudy day, rainy day, snowy day) switches；It is aobvious as needed
Show, analyze underwater topography in front of ship；Direction of ship travel, speed are shown；Prebriefed pattern is shown；It backs up ship's navigation track
Deng.
Above example is merely to illustrate the design philosophy and feature of the present invention, and its object is to make technology in the art
Personnel can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.So it is all according to
According to equivalent variations or modification made by disclosed principle, mentality of designing, within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of three-dimensional electronic sea chart generation method based on GIS and virtual reality technology, it is characterised in that：It includes following step
Suddenly：
S1, three-dimensional terrain model is established：
Based on GIS and 3ds Max, based on the three-dimensional geographic scenes of high presence, the side of irregular grid model is utilized
Method establishes sea/riverbed DEM, and completes the splicing of sea/riverbed DEM and land DEM；
S2, thematic data base model is established：
According to investigational data to the visual technology of scene areas, reduction topography and geomorphology, navigation mark and culture true, true to nature
Object；
S3, water surface model and Flow Numerical Simulation model are established：
Water surface real time water level is indicated with fixterm and disturbance term two parts, and wherein fixterm is depth datum, disturbance term packet
Include tide part and non-tide part；It is pre- that tide is carried out using the astronomical tide numerical forecast model based on tide table data assimilation
Report, and then acquire the depth information of the instantaneous water surface；
Flow Numerical Simulation model is based on navigation channel CAD diagram, measured discharge, water level and ratio drop information, establishes the conservation of mass continuously side
Journey and the conservation of momentum equation of motion carry out numerical simulation to navigation channel flow field；
S4, ship model database module is established
It is input with the serial data of AIS, by parsing the ship element information in AIS original messages, to ship model data
The model in library carries out match query；
S5, association visualization model is established
By the simulation result of calculation of three-dimensional terrain model, thematic data base model, water surface model and Flow Numerical Simulation model with
The association fusion of ship model database module builds virtual reality scenario to Various types of data synthesis display；
S6, water surface dynamic ship information are shown
It is calculated by model analysis and space, the collision between ship and sea/riverbed, ship and ship provides warning information；
By being parsed to the original message that AIS is inputted, the element information of surrounding ship is obtained, to the movement state of ship around
Gesture is shown in virtual reality scenario, while being superimposed with and the relevant Ship dynamic situation of security decision and static information.
2. the three-dimensional electronic sea chart generation method according to claim 1 based on GIS and virtual reality technology, feature exist
In：The S1 is using the strategy of layering structure physical model, and recombinant is integrated after structure completes each gradation entity model；To water
The physical model emulation being related within the scope of domain is divided into three levels：1. navigation mark, representative ship types, either Geometric Modeling or line
Reason textures are all made by the way of fine；2. bridge, harbour, ship, coastal aids building, keep geometric pattern and
Textural characteristics；3. other land atural objects, only indicate its general profile and geometric shape.
3. the three-dimensional electronic sea chart generation method according to claim 1 based on GIS and virtual reality technology, feature exist
In：The navigation channels the S3 flow field is made of flow continuity equation and water movement equation：
Flow continuity equation：
Water movement equation：
Wherein：U, v (x, y, t)-x, the flow velocity on the directions y；Z-water level；The practical depth of waters of H-, H=h+z, h are the diagram depth of water；
G-acceleration of gravity；ξx,ξy- turbulent viscosity；F-Corrioli's effect coefficient.
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