CN105158341B - Transformer winding material discrimination method based on the velocity of sound - Google Patents
Transformer winding material discrimination method based on the velocity of sound Download PDFInfo
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- CN105158341B CN105158341B CN201510600447.7A CN201510600447A CN105158341B CN 105158341 B CN105158341 B CN 105158341B CN 201510600447 A CN201510600447 A CN 201510600447A CN 105158341 B CN105158341 B CN 105158341B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of transformer winding material discrimination method based on the velocity of sound, this method specifically includes following steps：S1. using vibrator audible sound is generated in transformer winding head end；S2. the sound transducer mounted on transformer winding head and end receives acoustic signals respectively；S3. the signal access oscillograph that sound transducer collects, two waveform Mintrop wave time differences were acoustic transit time；Acoustic wave propagation velocity is calculated using formula v=L/t, wherein, v is the velocity of sound；L is Acoustic Wave Propagation distance；T is acoustic transit time；S4. the acoustic wave propagation velocity obtained and the material of known acoustic wave propagation velocity discriminating transformer winding will be calculated.The present invention in the case where not destroying winding insulation, can quickly and easily carry out transformer winding material whether be copper material discriminating.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to transformer detection field, more particularly to a kind of transformer winding material discrimination side based on the velocity of sound
Method.
Background technology
In power transformer, the especially distribution transformer of 10kV ranks, long-term existence using wire instead of copper wire
Phenomenon.Particularly in recent years, since domestic and international copper valency remains high, what the presentation of the quantity of aluminium winding transformer increased considerably becomes
Gesture.The existing national standard in China does not make restriction to the material of transformer winding, if but requirement need to be in transformer model using aluminium winding
On clearly identify.The current aluminium winding transformer overwhelming majority existing on the market then belongs to manufacturer will be around in order to save cost
Group is substituted for another surreptitiously the situation for aluminum steel by copper wire, and power consumer is in purchase and operation and ignorant.
Due to the difference in copper aluminium material matter characteristic, there is the deficiencies in performance in itself for aluminium winding transformer.Transformation simultaneously
Device manufacturing enterprise enormous amount, the small enterprise that many does not possess the necessary ability such as quality control and testing inspection unworthily occupies a place among them,
The aluminium winding transformer quality of production is even more to be difficult to ensure that.According to State Grid Corporation of China's transformer's type equipment breakdown statistical analysis table
It is bright：Transformer winding is the primary damage position of transformer damage accident, and more than the 70% of total damage accident, wherein winding resists short
It road insufficient strength and insulate defective the main reason for being damage accident.By crash analysis as it can be seen that the quality of transformer winding is asked
Topic easily causes security incident, the risk of transformer damage will be greatly increased using existing aluminium winding transformer, entire
Security risk is buried in Operation of Electric Systems.Therefore the quality control of transformer winding must be strengthened, screened out in electric system
Shoddy aluminium winding transformer.
China's power transformer, which dispatches from the factory, has to pass through routine test, type approval test and special test, wherein with transformer around
The closely related experiment of group includes：Winding resistance measurement, short-circuit test, no-load test, temperature rise test etc..These experiments all cannot
For detecting aluminium winding transformer, both at home and abroad also without relevant research.At present, electric power inspection department can only be by breaking after hanging cover
Bad winding insulation can just detect winding conductor type.But this method is time-consuming and laborious, accuracy is not high while has irreversible
Property.
At present, it not can be used for the detection method for differentiating transformer winding material effectively both at home and abroad.It can only be by hanging
Winding insulation is destroyed after cover can just detect winding conductor type.
The content of the invention
In consideration of it, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of transformer winding material discrimination methods based on sound.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions, a kind of transformer winding material discrimination based on the velocity of sound
Method, the speed propagated according to sound wave in transformer winding judge the material of winding.
Preferably, this method specifically includes following steps：
S1. using vibrator audible sound is generated in transformer winding head end；
S2. the sound transducer mounted on transformer winding head and end receives acoustic signals respectively；
S3. the signal access oscillograph that sound transducer collects, two waveform Mintrop wave time differences were acoustic transit time；
Acoustic wave propagation velocity is calculated using formula v=L/t, wherein, v is the velocity of sound；L is Acoustic Wave Propagation distance；T is acoustic transit time；
S4. the acoustic wave propagation velocity obtained and the material of known acoustic wave propagation velocity discriminating transformer winding will be calculated.
Preferably, the frequency of the audible sound is 20Hz~20000.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the present invention has the advantage that：
The present invention in the case where not destroying winding insulation, can quickly and easily carry out transformer winding material whether be
The discriminating of copper material.
Description of the drawings
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made below in conjunction with attached drawing into
The detailed description of one step, wherein：
Fig. 1 is transformer winding material discrimination method flow diagram；
Fig. 2 is transformer winding circuit velocity of sound test principle figure；
Fig. 3 is exemplary waveform diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to attached drawing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail；It should be appreciated that preferred embodiment
Only for illustrating the present invention, the protection domain being not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Sound wave is a kind of mechanical oscillation propagated in elastic fluid (solid, liquid, gas).The spread speed of sound wave is several
It is unrelated with frequency, mainly determined by elastic parameters such as the density, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of medium.Propagation medium in the present invention
For solid, the velocity of sound is mainly determined by material characteristic.
Transformer winding material is mainly two kinds of copper material and aluminium at present.At room temperature, spread speed of the sound in copper is
3810m·s-1, the spread speed in aluminium is 5000ms-1, difference 31.2%.Therefore, can have using the difference of the velocity of sound
The judgement transformer winding material of effect is copper material or aluminium.
According to foregoing, the present invention provides a kind of transformer winding material discrimination method based on the velocity of sound, and the method is profit
Material discrimination is carried out with spread speed difference of the sound wave in unlike material transformer winding.It is concretely comprised the following steps：
S1. using vibrator audible sound is generated in transformer winding head end；
S2. the sound transducer mounted on transformer winding head and end receives acoustic signals respectively；
S3. the signal access oscillograph that sound transducer collects, two waveform Mintrop wave time differences were acoustic transit time；
Acoustic wave propagation velocity is calculated using formula v=L/t, wherein, v is the velocity of sound；L is Acoustic Wave Propagation distance；T is acoustic transit time；
S4. the acoustic wave propagation velocity obtained and the material of known acoustic wave propagation velocity discriminating transformer winding will be calculated.
The species of the velocity of sound is mainly divided by frequency difference.Sound wave of the frequency in 20~20000Hz is known as audible sound；Frequently
Rate is known as ultrasonic wave higher than 20000Hz sound waves；Mechanical wave of the frequency less than 20Hz is known as infrasound.Medium to the absorption of sound wave with
Frequency of sound wave is related, and for same substance, the frequency of sound wave is higher, and absorption is stronger, and acoustic attenuation is also faster.Therefore the present invention
In be not suitable for using ultrasonic wave, using the audible sound of 20 relatively low~20000Hz of frequency.
Acoustic wave excitation is generated by the vibrator of standard, and vibrator is mounted on transformer winding head end during use.
Acoustic receiver uses contact sound transducer：The sensor that experiment is selected is CM-01 touch sensors.CM-
01B contact microphones are good by sensitivity, and the piezoelectric membrane that performance is stablized combines the preamplifier circuit of a low noise
Composition, can provide the pickup of unique sound and vibration signal in a manner of Buffer output.In the structure design of product, as far as possible
External noise jamming is preferably minimized, when receiving vibration signal so as to the rubber pad among product, one can be exported
The signal of a high sensitivity.Following table is sensor performance parameter：
1 sensor performance parameter of table
Known transformer winding material is mainly two kinds of copper material and aluminium.At room temperature, spread speed of the sound in copper is
3810m·s-1, the spread speed in aluminium is 5000ms-1, difference 31.2%.
The velocity of sound v measured will be tested compared with the velocity of sound of known copper material, consider certain nargin, take (3500,
4100)m·s-1Section is as the criterion that transformer winding material is copper material.The velocity of sound v measured is tested in (3500,4100) m
s-1Transformer winding material is judged when in interval range for copper material, otherwise transformer winding material is non-fine copper material.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, are not intended to limit the invention, it is clear that those skilled in the art
Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention by member without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.If in this way, the present invention
These modifications and variations belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies, then the present invention is also intended to comprising these
Including modification and variation.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. transformer winding material discrimination method based on the velocity of sound, it is characterised in that：According to audible sound transformer around The speed propagated in group judges the material of winding；This method specifically includes following steps：S1. using vibrator audible sound is generated in transformer winding head end；S2. the sound transducer mounted on transformer winding head and end receives acoustic signals respectively；S3. the signal access oscillograph that sound transducer collects, two waveform Mintrop wave time differences were acoustic transit time；Acoustic wave propagation velocity is calculated using formula v=L/t, wherein, v is the velocity of sound；L is Acoustic Wave Propagation distance；When t is Acoustic Wave Propagation Between；S4. the acoustic wave propagation velocity obtained and the material of known acoustic wave propagation velocity discriminating transformer winding will be calculated.
- 2. the transformer winding material discrimination method according to claim 1 based on the velocity of sound, it is characterised in that：It is described audible The frequency of sound wave is 20Hz~20000Hz.
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| CN105784959A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-20 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Distribution transformer winding material detection method |
| CN106404844A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-15 | 国网山东省电力公司高唐县供电公司 | Transformer winding material identification method |
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| CA2538133A1 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-16 | Luna Innovations | Method and apparatus for assessing a material |
| CN101163967A (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2008-04-16 | Sika技术股份公司 | Device and method for ultrasonically determining the dynamic elastic modulus of a material |
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