CN105157777B - Applied to the flowmeter in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system - Google Patents
Applied to the flowmeter in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of flowmeters applied in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system, including：Pedestal is fixed on riverbank；Lateral length adjusting block, is connected on pedestal；Vertical depth adjustment block, is connected on lateral length adjusting block, and vertical depth adjustment block realizes lateral displacement by lateral length adjusting block；Sampling module is arranged on vertical depth adjustment block, and to measure the water flow in river, sampling module adjusts its depth in water by vertical depth adjustment block；Pitch adjustment module, both ends are separately positioned on vertical depth adjustment block and sampling module, to adjust the angle between sampling module and vertical depth adjustment block.The present invention can reduce flow sampling when risk, ensure sampling personnel safety, the flow of river any position and the flow of arbitrary depth can be measured as needed, and measure it is lighter when flow, be suitable for hydrology pressure rating evaluating system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to river discharge fields of measurement, are applied in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system more particularly, to one kind
Flowmeter.
Background technology
River Hydrology process is considerably complicated, is related to a large amount of data and information, therefore selects suitable index to characterize river
Stream hydrological characteristics seem particularly significant；Since early 20th century, hydrologist just starts to solve using standard statistical analysis method
Certainly the main hydrologic problems in the engineerings such as flood control, irrigation and water supply, the index selected at this time mainly have average flow rate, the degree of bias, flood peak, frequency
Rate, low water and duration of flood curve etc.；Since the 1990s, watershed ecosystem management and revert to study heat
Research emphasis has then been turned to influence of the hydrologic regime change to the ecosystem by point, scholars；Since Eco-hydrological Processes need
Consider hydrologic process, ecological process and its coupling, therefore considerably increase the difficulty of description and measurement, then ecological water
Writer establishes a series of index system to study complicated Eco-hydrological Processes in succession.
1996, Richter etc. established a set of hydrology indicator of variation (Indictors with 5 classes totally 32 parameters
Of Hydrologic Alteration, IHA) index system, including moon uninterrupted, extreme uninterrupted and last, extremely
Flow time of origin, height stream of pulses frequency and last, rise the indexs such as water-break rate, analyze the U.S. states Carolina the north
Roanoke builds in river the variation of hydrologic regime before and after dam；2000, Growns etc., which is established, a set of had 7 classes totally 333 parameters
Index system, including moon flow, long-term flow, high flow capacity, low discharge, zero delivery, rolling average, rise the indexs such as water-break rate, point
The water stream characteristics in the modulated and not modulated river in Australian east are analysed；2003, Olden&Poff was being summarized at that time
Common 171 hydrology indexs, and a frame based on statistics is proposed for selecting the Eco-hydrological for serving future to comment
Valence useful indicators.
And when investigating River Hydrology situation, need the data on flows for obtaining each section, and the sample position of section with
And depth selection can test and assess to hydrology pressure rating and have an impact, so sample position, sampling are deep in actual flow sampling
Degree and flowmeter and the angle of flow can have an impact to measuring flow, so flowrate measuring tool is in sampling,
The sample position of flowmeter is required to be set and adjusted according to actual needs, and most river sampling at present
Condition is more difficult, and sampling personnel can only be sampled by riverain river side, and when encountering more rapid river, stream
Measurement sample risk is larger, and personnel cannot get safety guarantee, and the flow of the korneforos heart and the flow of bottom of river channel, institute is not measured
To be unfavorable for the evaluation and test of hydrology pressure rating, and the sampling frequency of the discharge of river is high, cumbersome, institute when causing to measure flow
Hydrology pressure rating evaluating system is not suitable for it with existing flow measurement equipment.
In view of drawbacks described above, creator of the present invention obtains this creation finally by prolonged research and practice.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of flowmeters applied in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system, use
To overcome above-mentioned technological deficiency.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is, provides one kind and is commented applied to hydrology pressure rating
Flowmeter in examining system, including：
One pedestal, is fixed on riverbank；
One lateral length adjusting block, is connected laterally on the pedestal；
One vertical depth adjustment block, is vertically connected on the lateral length adjusting block, and the vertical depth adjustment
Block realizes lateral displacement by the lateral length adjusting block；
One sampling module is arranged on the vertical depth adjustment block, to measure the water flow in river, and institute
Sampling module is stated by the vertical depth adjustment block to adjust its depth in water；
One pitch adjustment module, both ends are separately positioned on the vertical depth adjustment block and the sampling module,
To adjust the angle between the sampling module and the vertical depth adjustment block.
Preferably, the lateral length adjusting block includes traversing pipe and horizontal screw rod, it is provided on the traversing inside pipe wall
Internal thread and described traversing its axial direction of pipe outer wall upper edge offers laterally steering slot, the horizontal screw rod is horizontally installed on the base
On seat and rotary motion can be done, the horizontal screw flight is connected in the traversing pipe, and laterally steering is provided on the pedestal
Pawl and the laterally steering pawl are arranged in the laterally steering slot to limit the traversing pipe rotation.
Preferably, the vertical depth adjustment block includes fixed frame, worm gear, worm screw, motor, bearing, perpendicular nut and erects
Screw rod, the fixed frame are fixed on the traversing pipe, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed in the fixed frame, the perpendicular nut
One end and the worm gear be coaxially connected and the other end of the perpendicular nut is coaxially fixed in the inner ring of the bearing, it is described
Perpendicular screw flight is connected in the perpendicular nut, and described perpendicular its axial direction of screw rod upper edge offers vertical guide groove, the fixed frame
On be provided with vertical guide grab, the vertical guide grab is arranged in the vertical guide groove to be turned to limit the perpendicular screw rod
Dynamic, the worm screw is connected with the motor shaft of the motor and the worm screw engages with the worm gear.
Preferably, the sampling module includes shell, the case top is provided with spherical cavity, the bottom end of the perpendicular screw rod
It is provided with spherosome and the spherosome is mounted in the spherical cavity to make the shell in the bottom end of the perpendicular screw rod
Rotation.
Preferably, the pitch adjustment module includes hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic pipeline and hydraulic motor, set on the hydraulic cylinder
It is equipped with piston rod and the hydraulic cylinder is respectively hinged on the perpendicular screw rod and the shell with the piston rod to control
The inclination angle between the shell and the perpendicular screw rod is made, the hydraulic motor is connect by the hydraulic pipeline with the hydraulic cylinder
To drive the piston rod movement.
Preferably, be provided with first passage and metering units in the shell, the metering units setting is described the
Measuring water flow in one channel.
Preferably, being provided with accommodating chamber in the shell, the accommodating chamber is perpendicular to the first passage and the appearance
Receive the middle part of chamber is connected to the first passage, spool and spring is disposed in the accommodating chamber, the spool blocks
In the first passage, be provided with valve opening on the spool, the both ends of the spring respectively with the spool and the appearance
Receive chamber upper end contradict connection.
Preferably, be further opened with contraction chamber, diffusion chamber and stable cavity in the shell, the contraction chamber, diffusion chamber with
And stable cavity is sequentially communicated, and the contraction chamber is in communication with the outside to direct water towards diffusion chamber, the stable cavity with it is described
The lower end of accommodating chamber is connected to jack up the spool to make first passage penetrate through by hydraulic pressure.
Preferably, the length that the accommodating chamber is bar shape and the accommodating chamber is L, the spool is bar shape, institute
It states that spool is equal with the floor space of the accommodating chamber and the length of the spool is 4/7L, the long 3/7L of spring, described the
A diameter of 1/7L in one channel, the valve opening are opened at the 2/4 of the spool upper end.
Preferably, the line footpath formula of the spring isWherein, Nc is described
Active spring coils number, Dm3For the central diameter of the spring, ρ is the river water density in river to be measured, and g is acceleration of gravity, and h is institute
State depth of the shell in river water, S1For the floor space of the spool, S2Described in when being connected to the first passage for the valve opening
The decrement of spring, G are the modulus of rigidity of the spring.
Compared with the prior art the beneficial effects of the present invention are：Risk when flow sampling is reduced, ensures sampling personnel
Safety, when can measure the flow of river any position and the flow of arbitrary depth as needed, and measure flow
Compare easily, is suitable for hydrology pressure rating evaluating system.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the flowmeter of the present invention being applied in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system；
Fig. 2 is the portions A shown in FIG. 1 enlarged diagram；
Fig. 3 is the traversing pipe side view of the present invention.
In figure：The traversing pipes of 1-；The horizontal screw rods of 2-；3- laterally steering slots；4- laterally steering pawls；5- fixed frames；6- worm gears；7- snails
Bar；8- motors；9- bearings；10- erects nut；11- erects screw rod；The vertical guide grooves of 12-；The vertical guide grabs of 13-；14- shells；15-
Spherical cavity；16- spherosomes；17- hydraulic cylinders；18- piston rods；19- hydraulic pipelines；20- hydraulic motors；21- first passages；22-
Metering units；23- accommodating chambers；24- spools；25- springs；26- valve openings；27- contraction chambers；28- diffusion chambers；29- stable cavities；30-
Pedestal.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the forgoing and additional technical features and advantages are described in more detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of flowmeter applied in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system, including pedestal 30, cross
To length adjustment block, vertical depth adjustment block, sampling module and pitch adjustment module, lateral length adjusting block is arranged in pedestal
On 30, vertical depth adjustment block is arranged on lateral length adjusting block, and sampling module is arranged on vertical depth adjustment block, gradient
Adjustment module is arranged on sampling module and vertical depth adjustment block；Pedestal 30 is fixed on riverbank, for carrying it
His device and fulcrum is provided to other devices, lateral length adjusting block is connected laterally on pedestal 30, and lateral length tune
Locking nub can adjust lateral length, and vertical depth adjustment block is made to be moved between the two sides in river, to make vertical depth tune
Locking nub is moved on any position of river surface, and vertical depth adjustment block can adjust vertical extension, to enable sampling module
Arbitrarily moved between river surface and river bed, to measure the flow of any depth in river, by lateral length adjustment module with
And sampling module can be fixed in river water in any setting position by vertical depth adjustment module, and the water impact in river water
Angle is related with the shape in river and position, so when sampling module is arranged in river water, it is also necessary to be carried out to sampling module
Further angular adjustment, to make the water inlet of sampling module be right against flow flow direction；Pitch adjustment module can be adjusted
The length of itself is saved, and a triangular structure is formed with sampling module and vertical depth adjustment block, once so gradient tune
Section module changes the length of itself, can change the angle between sampling module and vertical depth adjustment block, to adjust sampling
The direction of flow flowing in the water inlet and river of module thus can accurately adjust and adopt to make water inlet be directed at flow
The position of egf block in water, without manually carrying out flow sampling in river water；The design reduces risk when flow sampling,
The safety for ensureing sampling personnel, can measure the flow of river any position and the flow of arbitrary depth as needed, and
And it is lighter when measurement flow, it is suitable for hydrology pressure rating evaluating system.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, lateral length adjusting block includes traversing pipe 1 and horizontal screw rod 2, is opened on the inner wall of traversing pipe 1
Equipped with internal thread, its axial direction of outer wall upper edge offers laterally steering slot 3, and horizontal screw rod 2 is horizontally installed on pedestal 30, and can
Rotary motion is done, horizontal screw rod 2 is threaded in traversing pipe 1, and there are four cross corresponding with laterally steering slot 3 for setting on pedestal 30
To guide grab 4, and laterally steering pawl 4 is buckled in laterally steering slot 3, and when horizontal screw rod 2 rotates, traversing pipe 1 is due to transverse direction
The restriction effect of guide grab 4, so rotary motion can not be done, with the rotation of horizontal screw rod 2, traversing pipe 1 move forward or to
After move, when traversing pipe 1 moves forward, can drive vertical depth adjustment block towards river opposite bank move, when traversing pipe 1 moves backward
When, vertical depth adjustment block can be withdrawn towards 30 direction of pedestal, can will thus be connected to the sampling on vertical depth adjustment block
Module is moved on river surface any position, and traversing pipe 1 is to realize straight reciprocating motion by the rotation of horizontal screw rod 2,
So Fine Feed can be realized, driving is got up very laborsaving, and precision when traversing pipe 1 moves and efficiency are all very high, such as
When fruit needs traversing pipe 1 being moved to setting position, it is only necessary to first measure traversing pipe 1 and need traversing distance, then drive
Horizontal screw rod 2 rotates certain number of turns, and the number of turns of the rotation of horizontal screw rod 2 is corresponding with the traversing distance of traversing pipe 1, can be made
Traversing pipe 1 is moved on the position of setting；The design can high-precision, efficient sampling module is moved to setting position
On, and it is very laborsaving in operation, Fine Feed can be carried out, keeps the traversing distance of traversing pipe 1 more accurate.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, vertical depth adjustment block includes fixed frame 5, worm gear 6, worm screw 7, motor 8, bearing 9, perpendicular spiral shell
Mother 10 and perpendicular screw rod 11, fixed frame 5 are fixed on traversing pipe 1, and the outer ring of bearing 9 is fixed in fixed frame 5, erect nut 10
One end is connected with the coaxially connected formation of worm gear 6, and the other end of perpendicular nut 10 is coaxially fixed in the inner ring of bearing 9,
Perpendicular screw rod 11 is threaded in perpendicular nut 10, its axial direction of perpendicular 11 upper edge of screw rod offers vertical guide groove 12, is set on fixed frame 5
It is equipped with vertical guide grab 13 corresponding with vertical guide groove 12, the setting of vertical guide grab 13 limits in vertical guide groove 12
System is erected screw rod 11 and is rotated, and worm screw 7 is connected with the motor shaft of motor 8 and worm screw 7 engages with worm gear 6, and motor 8 can pass through
Remote control is turned on or off；When traversing pipe 1 is moved to scheduled position, user controls motor 8 and opens, motor shaft rotation
It is dynamic, and worm screw 7 is driven to rotate, worm screw 7 engages with worm gear 6, and to drive worm gear 6 to rotate, worm gear 6 is coaxially set with perpendicular nut 10
It sets and mutually fixes, erect the rotation of nut 10 to drive, nut 10 is erected due to bearing 9, so fixation can be fixed on
Rotary motion is done on frame 5, perpendicular screw rod 11 is threaded in perpendicular nut 10, when perpendicular nut 10 does rotary motion, due to vertical
The restriction effect of guide grab 13 makes perpendicular screw rod 11 that can not rotate, so perpendicular screw rod 11 can be moved upwards or be moved downward, when
When perpendicular screw rod 11 moves downward, it will be able to which bringing sampling module in river water into makes sampling module reach any depth, when perpendicular screw rod
11 when moving upwards, and sampling module is then to water surface movable, to adjust fathoming for sampling module；The design by worm screw 7,
Worm gear 6 and perpendicular nut 10, to make screw rod move up and down, driving torque very little, so the power of motor 8 only needs very
Small can drive is erected nut 10 and is rotated, and perpendicular screw rod 11 can high-precision, efficient movement, and can realize Fine Feed,
And it is driven by motor 8, makes to operate more convenient.
As shown in Figure 1, sampling module includes shell 14,14 top of shell is provided with spherical cavity 15, erects the bottom end of screw rod 11
It being provided with spherosome 16 and spherosome 16 is mounted in spherical cavity 15, spherosome 16 can rotate in spherical cavity 15, to
Shell 14 is set to be rotated in the bottom of perpendicular screw rod 11, it thus can be by pitch adjustment module come adjustment housings 14 and perpendicular screw rod
Angle between 11, to the angle between adjustment housings 14 and water (flow) direction；The design can make shell 14 be connected to perpendicular spiral shell
On bar 11, and shell 14 is made to be freely rotated in the end of perpendicular screw rod 11, to be provided for 14 water inlet angle of adjustment housings
Removable foundation.
Pitch adjustment module includes hydraulic cylinder 17, hydraulic pipeline 19 and hydraulic motor 20, and work is provided on hydraulic cylinder 17
Stopper rod 18 and hydraulic cylinder 17 are respectively hinged at piston rod 18 on perpendicular screw rod 11 and shell 14 to control shell 14 and erect
Inclination angle between screw rod 11, hydraulic motor 20 is connect by hydraulic pipeline 19 with hydraulic cylinder 17, and hydraulic motor 20 can be set
It sets on pedestal 30, personnel can operate hydraulic motor 20 by pedestal 30；When shell 14 is brought to certain depth, start
Hydraulic motor 20, hydraulic motor 20 inject hydraulic oil in hydraulic cylinder 17, and piston rod 18 is open, entire pitch adjustment module
Length, since hydraulic cylinder 17 and piston rod 18 are respectively hinged on shell 14, so being pressed from both sides between shell 14 and perpendicular screw rod 11
Angle becomes larger；And it is additionally provided with reversal valve on hydraulic pipeline 19, when reversal valve starts, the hydraulic oil in hydraulic cylinder 17 is pumped, living
Stopper rod 18 is just moved into hydraulic cylinder 17, and entire pitch adjustment module shortens, to make angle between shell 14 and perpendicular screw rod 11
Become smaller, so only need that by controlling hydraulic motor 20 angle of inclination of shell 14 can be controlled；The design can control shell
14 angle of inclination, thus by the water inlet positive alignment water (flow) direction of shell 14, and can accurately efficiently by hydraulic system
Control shell 14 inclination angle, be easy to use stabilization.
In embodiment one, first passage 21 and metering units 22 are provided in shell 14, the setting of metering units 22 exists
To measure water flow in first passage 21, after flow enters first passage 21, metering units 22 will be measured by first
The water flow in channel 21；The design can measure the water flow in river.
In embodiment two, on the basis of above-mentioned first passage 21 and metering units 22, it is additionally provided in shell 14
Accommodating chamber 23, contraction chamber 27, diffusion chamber 28 and stable cavity 29, accommodating chamber 23 is perpendicular to first passage 21 and accommodating chamber 23
Middle part is connected to first passage 21, and spool 24 and spring 25 are disposed in accommodating chamber 23, and spool 24 blocks logical first
In road 21, first passage 21 is closed, has prevented flow from entering first passage 21, so at this time without flow in metering units 22
It flows through, metering units 22 do not measure flow；Valve opening 26 is provided on spool 24, valve opening 26 is adapted with 21 size of first passage,
When valve opening 26 is connected to first passage 21, flow circulation first passage 21, the flow of the flow of the measurement of metering units 22 at this time；Bullet
The both ends of spring 25 contradict with the upper end of spool 24 and accommodating chamber 23 connect respectively, when the pressure of 24 lower end of spool is more than bullet
When 25 pressure of spring, spool 24 moves upwards, and when spool 24 moves upward to certain position, valve opening 26 and first passage 21
Connection, flow enter first passage 21；Contraction chamber 27, diffusion chamber 28 and stable cavity 29 are sequentially communicated, contraction chamber 27 it is transversal
Face is in horn-like, and the cross section of diffusion chamber 28 is in oblate spheroid, and after flow enters contraction chamber 27, the fluctuation generated greatly reduces,
Then flow enters in diffusion chamber 28 into row buffering, and the river water in diffusion chamber 28 has certain hydraulic pressure at this time, subsequently enters steady
Determine chamber 29, river water at this time is almost without fluctuation, and pressure is more stable, and contraction chamber 27 is in communication with the outside to by water
Guide diffusion chamber 28 into, stable cavity 29 is connected to jack up spool 24 to make first by hydraulic pressure with the lower end of accommodating chamber 23
Channel 21 penetrates through；Shell 14 in the horizontal plane when, first passage 21 is closed, when shell 14 enter river water in, river water passes through receipts
Contracting chamber 27, diffusion chamber 28 and stable cavity 29, and as shell 14 gradually gos deep into river water, the fluid pressure in stable cavity 29
Gradually increase, spool 24 is jacked up by the hydraulic pressure in stable cavity 29, and the elastic force of spring 25 is overcome to move upwards, when 14 dive of shell
When to certain depth, valve opening 26 is connected to first passage 21, water stream channel first passage 21, and metering units 22 measure under the depth
Water flow；First passage 21 is arranged to closed automatic opening structure by the design, when 14 dive of shell to certain depth
When, spool 24 automatically turns on, and metering units 22 can measure water flow, so that sampling module is provided with and reaches set depth
Start the function of measurement flow.
Accommodating chamber 23 is bar shape with spool 24, and the length of accommodating chamber 23 is L, the floor space of spool 24 and accommodating chamber 23
Equal and spool 24 length is 4/7L, 25 long 3/7L of spring, and spring 25 withstands on 23 top of accommodating chamber, and spool 24, which is located at, to be held
Receive 23 lower part of chamber, a diameter of 1/7L of first passage 21, valve opening 26 is opened at the 2/4 of 24 upper end of spool, spool 24 it is upper
It is blocked on first passage 21 at 1/4, and spool 24 moves upwards 1/7L distances, valve opening 26 is just connected to first passage 21；
The design specification length ratio of accommodating chamber 23 and spool 24, more smooth stabilization when to make spool 24 open.
The line footpath formula of spring 25 isWherein, Nc is 25 coil of spring
Number, Dm3For the central diameter of spring 25, ρ is the river water density in river to be measured, and g is acceleration of gravity, and h is shell 14 in river water
Depth, that is, spool 24 unlatching depth, S1For the floor space of spool 24, S2When being connected to first passage 21 for valve opening 26
The decrement of spring 25, G are the modulus of rigidity of spring 25, are determined by the manufacture material of spring 25 itself；S2For 1/7L, so only
H is variable, and user can first design the value of h, the line footpath of spring 25 is then designed according to required depth, that is, is passed through
The line footpath for changing spring 25 carrys out the unlatching depth of adjusting spool 24；The design can design the line footpath of spring 25 for user,
The depth h of shell 14 in water when being opened to default spool 24.
After obtaining data on flows, carrying out the evaluation and test of hydrology pressure rating, the specific method is as follows：First from U.S. geological Survey
It is American Space General Administration, State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of Ministry of National Defence and Germany and Italian space flight that board web, which is downloaded and obtains 90m resolution ratio,
The dem data (Digital Elevation Model, digital elevation model) of completion is surveyed and drawn jointly by mechanism, then in ArcGIS
Under software, is calculated using rainwash cross flow model and obtain river network, this reduces costs, and embody river
Physical feature, the specific steps are：The direction that flow is calculated by DEM calculates confluence cumulant, because of confluence using water (flow) direction
The value that cumulant reaches certain just will produce surface water, be more than the confluence amount of threshold value so needing one remittance flow threshold of setting
Will generate flow path, form the network of waterways, finally according to river unicity, do not flow back the features such as carry out deleting for river network,
Embody the physical feature in river.
Taxon determining module is segmented River based on the river network figure that DEM is extracted；Specifically
For：Under ArcGIS softwares, joint that is visual and indicating river in water system realizes river segmentation by cut-point of joint,
It is easy to operate using river joint as section cut-point, reduce workload.
Classification indicators computing module calculates the index of classification and determines that criteria for classification, the index of classification have river gradient, river
The sinuous degree of stream and order of stream.
River gradient refers to the length ratio of the difference and river itself of the height above sea level of upper river and the height above sea level of lower reaches of river：
P=(Eu-Ed)/Lr
Wherein, P is gradient, Eu by survey section upstream height above sea level, Ed is the height above sea level in section downstream, and Lr is is surveyed section sheet
The length of body, Eu and Ed are extracted using DEM under ArcGIS softwares, and Lr is calculated by ArcGIS softwares.
The method that the classification of gradient uses clustering, cluster operation carry out under R softwares, and clustering method is used and answered at present
With widest ward clustering procedures, this method can ensure intra-class variance minimum, and component variance is maximum, can divide object well
It opens, gradient is classified according to cluster result, gradient (P) criteria for classification is using the method for cluster, standard open, convenient for pushing away
Extensively.
The computational methods and criteria for classification of sinuous degree：
The sinuous degree in river is determined by ratio of the length in river at a distance from river upstream and downstream point-to-point transmission itself：
S=Lr/Lv,
Wherein, S is the degree that wriggles, and Lr is the length of surveyed section itself, and Lv is the air line distance of surveyed section point-to-point transmission, Lr
It is all calculated using ArcGIS softwares with Lv.
The criteria for classification spent of wriggling is S<1.2 be low sinuous river, and S=1.2~1.4 are the sinuous river of moderate, S>1.4
It wriggles river for height.
The computational methods and criteria for classification of order of stream：
Under ArcGIS softwares, the river according to the not tributary on the legal adopted river tops Strahler is the lowest class,
That is firstorder stream, order of stream increases by 1 grade when crossing further according to the rivers of same levels, so shape after two 1 grade of river confluences
At 2 grades of rivers, so go down respectively 3 grades, 4 grades ... until the water outlet of the network of waterways.
The criteria for classification of order of stream is：1,2 grades of rivers are source streams, and 3,4 grades of rivers are medium tributary, 5,6 grades of rivers
Stream is Large River.
Sort module classifies to river according to criteria for classification；Section is divided by m according to the criteria for classification of gradient first
Class is further divided into n classes per a kind of criteria for classification further according to sinuous degree, and such river is tentatively divided into m*n classes, finally root again
M*n classes river is divided into p subclass per one kind according to the criteria for classification of order of stream, completes classification, in total m*n*p kinds river class
Type.
Name module is successively named section classification results according to the classified order of index, can be embodied in name
The river characteristic that index is characterized, such as：The smaller moderate of gradient is wriggled medium tributary, and gradient very big height is wriggled source streams,
Larger low sinuous Large River of the gradient etc..
The dem data of use easily obtains, easy to operate, can be completed under ArcGIS softwares, the index energy that the present invention chooses
The comprehensive characteristics of section are enough embodied, and speed is fast, be easy to calculate, be suitble to various river patterns, convenient for promoting.
Wherein, data collecting instrument includes：Height control submodule, flight control submodule, data-acquisition submodule, communication
Submodule, data-acquisition submodule include temperature sensor, humidity collection instrument, surface data Acquisition Instrument.
Height control submodule controls the hoverheight of data collecting instrument so that data collecting instrument can be suspended in certain height
Degree is acquired near-earth face data.
Flight control submodule control data collecting instrument is moved so that the ground of the transportable formulation of data collecting instrument
Point carries out data acquisition near the ground.
Communication can be established with ground control centre by communicating submodule, convert the near-earth face data of acquisition to dem data
And it is transferred to ground control centre.
Data-acquisition submodule can acquire near-earth face data comprising temperature sensor, humidity collection instrument, surface data
Acquisition Instrument, temperature sensor are acquired the temperature data of data collecting instrument present position；Humidity collection instrument acquires data
The humidity data of instrument present position is acquired；Surface data Acquisition Instrument adopts the surface data below data collecting instrument
Collection；Data near the ground include temperature data, humidity data and surface data.
In order to improve acquisition temperature data accuracy, the temperature sensor used is multiple, each temperature sensor
Each second acquires a temperature, and all temperature per minute are calculated, and obtain the average temperature value x of temperature, calculation formula is：
Wherein, EijCalculation formula be：
In above formula,For required temperature averages, xijFor i-th second temperature that j-th of temperature sensor measures, n is
The quantity of temperature sensor, njFor the time span of measurement, unit is second, eijI-th second measured for j-th of temperature sensor
The judgment value of temperature, EijFor the decision content for i-th second temperature that j-th of temperature sensor measures, δ (Eij) it is unit impulse letter
Number, R (eij) it is judgment value eijInteger part, S (eij) be judgment value eijFractional part.
Unit impulse function is：
Its integral is：
Above-mentioned thinking is：The average value for first finding out the temperature that all thermometers measure in one minute, to each temperature with it is flat
The difference of mean value and the ratio of average value take negative as the judgment value of each temperature again after taking logarithm, to each judgment value fractional part
With its integer part and for each temperature decision content after the double downward rounding divided, it that is to say and judge closest to each temperature
The integer for being worth positive value is the decision content of each temperature, retains the temperature that decision content is 0 finally by the integral of unit impulse function,
And then ask the average value of the temperature of reservation, the temperature as data collecting instrument present position in this minute.
It has the beneficial effect that：By taking logarithm and rounding operation that will be measured because of caused by the factors such as the failure of temperature sensor
Error is converted to decision content, to choose the last temperature averages of the smaller each temperature computation of error, which improves
The accuracy that temperature measures；Calculation formula is simple, convenient, can quickly obtain as a result, improving the speed of temperature measurement, in turn
The speed of entire river classification system is improved, meanwhile, simple calculating process has saved system resource.
In the method for the first evaluation and test hydrology pressure rating, there is no dem data acquisition module, river network extraction mould
Block, taxon determining module, but by on-site inspection and record what the index of correlation in river classified to river, classification
The index chosen in index computing module does not have order of stream, but has chosen streambed substrate and river morphology unit, other moulds
Block and relevant parameter are identical as specific implementation mode.
In the method for evaluating and testing hydrology pressure rating at second, river segmentation is using river in taxon determining module
The sinuous degree catastrophe point of stream, gradient catastrophe point, river plane configuration inflection point are split；It is chosen in classification indicators computing module
Index does not have order of stream and gradient, but has chosen closed stratum, streambed substrate and river morphology unit, other steps and phase
Related parameter is identical as specific implementation mode.
In the method for the third evaluation and test hydrology pressure rating, there is no dem data acquisition module, river network extraction mould
Block, taxon determining module, but by on-site inspection and record what the index of correlation in river classified to river, classification
The index that index computing module is chosen is streambed substrate, geomorphic unit and river gradient, and the classification of index is by qualitative
It analyzes and determines, other steps and relevant parameter are identical as specific implementation mode.
In the method for evaluating and testing hydrology pressure rating at the 4th kind, without the segmentation of section in classification indicators computing module, and
The river classification carried out on Watershed Scale using the water catchment area boundary in DEM synthesis basin, other steps and relevant parameter with
Specific implementation mode is identical.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is merely illustrative for the purpose of the present invention, and not restrictive
, those skilled in the art understand that in the spirit and scope defined by the claims in the present invention many changes can be carried out to it,
It changes or even equivalent, but falls in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of flowmeter applied in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system, which is characterized in that including：
One pedestal, is fixed on riverbank；
One lateral length adjusting block, is connected laterally on the pedestal；
One vertical depth adjustment block, is vertically connected on the lateral length adjusting block, and the vertical depth adjustment block is logical
The lateral length adjusting block is crossed to realize lateral displacement；
One sampling module is arranged on the vertical depth adjustment block, to measure the water flow in river, and described adopts
Egf block adjusts its depth in water by the vertical depth adjustment block；
One pitch adjustment module, both ends are separately positioned on the vertical depth adjustment block and the sampling module, to
Adjust the angle between the sampling module and the vertical depth adjustment block；
The sampling module includes shell, and first passage and metering units are provided in the shell, and the metering units are set
It sets in the first passage；
Accommodating chamber is additionally provided in the shell, the accommodating chamber is perpendicular to the first passage and the middle part of the accommodating chamber
It is connected to the first passage, spool and spring is disposed in the accommodating chamber, valve opening, institute are provided on the spool
The both ends for stating spring contradict connection with the upper end of the spool and the accommodating chamber respectively；
Contraction chamber, diffusion chamber and stable cavity are further opened in the shell, the contraction chamber, diffusion chamber and stable cavity are successively
Connection, and the contraction chamber is in communication with the outside to direct water towards diffusion chamber, the lower end of the stable cavity and the accommodating chamber
Portion is connected to be jacked up the spool by hydraulic pressure, and to make the valve opening and first passage penetrate through, flow enters described the
One channel, the metering units measure the flow of flow.
2. as described in claim 1 applied to the flowmeter in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system, it is characterised in that：
The lateral length adjusting block includes traversing pipe and horizontal screw rod, and internal thread and the cross are provided on the traversing inside pipe wall
Its axial direction of shifting pipe outer wall upper edge offers laterally steering slot, and the horizontal screw rod is horizontally installed on the pedestal and can do revolution fortune
Dynamic, the horizontal screw flight is connected in the traversing pipe, and laterally steering pawl is provided on the pedestal and the transverse direction is led
It is arranged in the laterally steering slot to pawl to limit the traversing pipe rotation.
3. as described in claim 2 applied to the flowmeter in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system, it is characterised in that：
The vertical depth adjustment block includes fixed frame, worm gear, worm screw, motor, bearing, perpendicular nut and perpendicular screw rod, the fixed frame
It is fixed on the traversing pipe, the outer ring of the bearing is fixed in the fixed frame, one end and the snail of the perpendicular nut
The other end for taking turns the coaxially connected and described perpendicular nut is coaxially fixed in the inner ring of the bearing, the perpendicular screw flight connection
In the perpendicular nut, described perpendicular its axial direction of screw rod upper edge offers vertical guide groove, is provided on the fixed frame and vertically leads
To pawl, the vertical guide grab is arranged in the vertical guide groove to limit the perpendicular screw rod rotation, the worm screw and institute
The motor shaft for stating motor is connected and the worm screw engages with the worm gear.
4. as described in claim 3 applied to the flowmeter in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system, it is characterised in that：
The sampling module includes shell, and the case top is provided with spherical cavity, and the bottom end of the perpendicular screw rod is provided with spherosome simultaneously
And the spherosome is mounted in the spherical cavity that the shell is made to rotate in the bottom end of the perpendicular screw rod.
5. as described in claim 4 applied to the flowmeter in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system, it is characterised in that：
The pitch adjustment module includes hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic pipeline and hydraulic motor, be provided on the hydraulic cylinder piston rod and
The hydraulic cylinder is respectively hinged on the perpendicular screw rod and the shell with the piston rod to control the shell and institute
The inclination angle between perpendicular screw rod is stated, the hydraulic motor connect to drive the work with the hydraulic cylinder by the hydraulic pipeline
Stopper rod moves.
6. as described in claim 1 applied to the flowmeter in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system, it is characterised in that：
The accommodating chamber is that the length of bar shape and the accommodating chamber is L, and the spool is bar shape, the spool and the receiving
The floor space of chamber is equal and the length of the spool is 4/7L, the long 3/7L of spring, a diameter of the 1/ of the first passage
7L, the valve opening are opened at the 2/4 of the spool upper end.
7. the flowmeter being applied in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system as described in claim 1 or 6, feature exist
In：The line footpath formula of the spring isWherein, Nc is the active spring coils
Number, Dm3For the central diameter of the spring, ρ is the river water density in river to be measured, and g is acceleration of gravity, and h is the shell in river
Depth in water, S1For the floor space of the spool, S2The compression of spring when being connected to the first passage for the valve opening
Amount, G are the modulus of rigidity of the spring.
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| CN201510351165.8A CN105157777B (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Applied to the flowmeter in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system |
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| CN201510351165.8A CN105157777B (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Applied to the flowmeter in hydrology pressure rating evaluating system |
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| CN105157777B true CN105157777B (en) | 2018-11-09 |
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| CN102022609A (en) * | 2010-12-04 | 2011-04-20 | 大连理工大学 | Fixed device for regulating orientation of underwater measuring instrument for ship |
| CN103105507A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-05-15 | 长春工业大学 | Underwater verticality adjustment device of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) sensor |
| CN202994212U (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-06-12 | 中州大学 | Automatic flow measuring system of river section |
| CN103197093A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-10 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院 | Hydrometric station cableway type flow velocity automatic measurement device |
| CN203798369U (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-08-27 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Universal stand for hydrological detection instrument |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8186229B2 (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2012-05-29 | Daniel Measurement And Control, Inc. | Ultrasonic flow meter having a port cover assembly |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102022609A (en) * | 2010-12-04 | 2011-04-20 | 大连理工大学 | Fixed device for regulating orientation of underwater measuring instrument for ship |
| CN202994212U (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-06-12 | 中州大学 | Automatic flow measuring system of river section |
| CN103105507A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-05-15 | 长春工业大学 | Underwater verticality adjustment device of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) sensor |
| CN103197093A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-10 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院 | Hydrometric station cableway type flow velocity automatic measurement device |
| CN203798369U (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-08-27 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Universal stand for hydrological detection instrument |
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