CN105148815A - Method and device for treating waste sodium/potassium in laboratory - Google Patents
Method and device for treating waste sodium/potassium in laboratory Download PDFInfo
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- CN105148815A CN105148815A CN201510513859.7A CN201510513859A CN105148815A CN 105148815 A CN105148815 A CN 105148815A CN 201510513859 A CN201510513859 A CN 201510513859A CN 105148815 A CN105148815 A CN 105148815A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for treating waste sodium/potassium in a laboratory and a use method of the device. The device comprises a reaction bottle, a bottle plug matched with the bottle mouth in the upper part of the reaction bottle and a water manifold which is arranged at the bottom of the reaction bottle and provided with a stop valve, wherein the reaction bottle is filled with a water layer and a non-polar organic solvent layer. The reaction bottle is filled with the water and the non-polar organic solvent, an oil phase and an aqueous phase are formed, then the waste sodium/potassium blocks are thrown into the reaction bottle, and the metal reciprocates between the oil-water interface and the organic layer and reacts with water slowly for digestion. According to the method, the reaction rate of the waste sodium/potassium and water is controlled, and the treatment process is quite safe, economical, environment-friendly and convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laboratory waste treatment device and field of environment protection, be specifically related to laboratory and give up sodium/potassium processing method and reaction unit.
Background technology
Sodium has strong reducing property, in atmosphere can spontaneous combustion, meets water or moisture fiercely reacts releasing hydrogen gas, and releases heat fast, preserves or deal with improperly to cause burning or blast.Often use sodium as reducing agent or drier etc. in daily experiment, testing these scrap metal process remaining is then a not only bothersome but also dangerous job, and in current laboratory, the process of sodium metal waste material mainly contains following four kinds of methods:
(1) process with the alcohols such as ethanol, isoamyl alcohol.This method has been used sodium and has been reacted feature more slowly with alcohols material, although the method is very safe, needs a large amount of alcoholic solvents in processing procedure, often needs for a long time.The alcohols material used in processing procedure, volatilization in atmosphere can initiation fire.And it is sodium alkoxide and hydrogen that reaction generates product, and the former can increase again the processing cost of organic liquid waste.
(2) sodium metal bits are left standstill in atmosphere.This side's ratio juris has two kinds, and a kind of is first generate sodium oxide molybdena with the oxygen reaction in air, finally generates sodium carbonate further with water and carbon dioxide reaction; Another kind is that water directly and in air and carbon dioxide reaction generate sodium carbonate and hydrogen.Time needed for the method process is longer, and sodium is long-time exposed placement under lab, there is serious potential safety hazard.
(3) by old metal sodium landfill disposal.This method is buried in soil by useless sodium, and when soil moisture is larger, the water in soil and sodium reaction, generate NaOH, hydrogen and sodium carbonate.Because this method can make the salinization of soil of landfill, cause surrounding plants to grow and be affected.
(4) reclaim after useless sodium heating and melting again.Useless sodium bits are put in toluene or atoleine equal solvent, and heats.Because the fusing point of sodium is lower, under high temperature, fusing forms liquid, and under low temperature, cooling forms sodium block again.Sodium metal in useless sodium skin can be returned by this method, does not cause environmental hazard.But this method needs higher temperature, and complicated operation also has certain danger, if oxide is most in sodium bits, the sodium metal of thawing can not be assembled, and it is little, less economical to operate the sodium bits amount that can process.
Some laboratories are directly reacted with water and sodium, and the NaOH environmental pollution of generation is little, and processing procedure cost is low; But because the reaction of water and sodium is violent, there is the danger of burning or blast.So the sodium bits amount of each process is little, and the aeroge of na oxide in operating process, can be produced, the health of experimenter is damaged.In sum, in laboratory all there is the improvement of some shortcomings urgent need in the method for the useless sodium of process.Character and the sodium of potassium are close, and reproducibility is stronger, and processing method also exists same problem.
For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of laboratory and to give up sodium, useless potassium processing method and treating apparatus, by controlling the reaction speed of sodium metal and water, sodium block progressively being cleared up.The present invention loads appropriate water and non-polar organic solvent in the reactor, forms oil, water two-phase, utilizes metal, the density variation of water and kerosene, and the feature that sodium and water react rapidly, makes this metal move back and forth reaction at oil-water interfaces and kerosene interlayer.In course of reaction, reaction rate and exotherm rate obtain good control, can not produce danger; Water and kerosene have only been used in reagent aspect, and kerosene does not participate in reaction can reuse, and only produce a small amount of common alkali lye, do not pollute environment after reaction; The reaction unit more convenient operation of design, can Long-Time Service.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention discloses a kind of laboratory and to give up sodium/potassium treating apparatus, and it comprises reaction bulb, the bottle stopper matched with reaction bulb top bottleneck and the aqueduct being arranged on the band stop valve bottom reaction bulb; Water layer and non-polar organic solvent layer is also filled with in described reaction bulb.
Concrete, in device mentioned above, described non-polar organic solvent is that density ratio sodium/potassium metal and water are little, and not with sodium/potassium metal reaction, the simultaneously boiling range (more than 180 DEG C) of solvent and flash-point (more than 40 DEG C), safer during reaction, such as: kerosene and/or atoleine.
Reaction bulb should be covered bottle stopper when device mentioned above does not use;
Aqueduct with stop valve is positioned at bottom reaction bulb, and for discharging the water layer in reaction bulb, the water layer after the useless sodium/nak response of process thoroughly can be discharged by the aqueduct of band stop valve;
The gas that the useless sodium/nak response of process produces is by the discharge of reaction bottleneck;
When reusing, water layer and non-polar organic solvent layer can be refilled by reaction bottleneck, cover bottle stopper.
Concrete, the using method of device mentioned above is as follows: in reaction bulb, fill water layer and non-polar organic solvent layer formation oil, water two-phase, because the polarity of solution is different, the non-polar organic solvent layer that density is less swims on water layer, discarded sodium/potassium block is put in reaction bulb, density due to sodium metal/potassium is greater than non-polar organic solvent layer, sodium/potassium can sink to oil-water interfaces gradually, when sodium/potassium is to oil-water interfaces place, sodium/potassium lower floor and water layer connect separate part rapidly and water react, the hydrogen produced promotes sodium/potassium and gets back in non-polar organic solvent layer at once, when remaining sodium/potassium is upwards floating, can be cooled by non-polar organic solvent and cut off the contact with water, and then slowly sink to oil-water interfaces, again react with water, sodium/potassium moves back and forth reaction between oil-water interfaces place and non-polar organic solvent, and clear up with water reaction gradually, until react completely, water layer after the useless sodium/nak response of process is by the aqueduct discharge of band stop valve.
If in order to fast reaction speed, also alkali metal waste material can be pressed into water layer; Make itself and water vigorous reaction, water becomes gas by thermal evaporation and takes away most of energy, sodium/potassium can be fused into liquid simultaneously, volumetric expansion is also got back to rapidly in non-polar organic solvent layer under the promotion of product (hydrogen), because sodium/potassium does not reach air or oxygen in whole process, so can not combustion phenomena be produced; This method only employs water and non-polar organic solvent, and non-polar organic solvent does not participate in reaction, can reuse.The waste liquid generated is common aqueous slkali, and environmental pollution is little.In course of reaction, reaction rate and exotherm rate obtain good control, can not produce danger.Experimental result shows, the sodium (the useless sodium/potassium block in laboratory is less than 1g) of below 5g reacts in this condition, can not produce burning.
Beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: this device and its using method can control the reaction speed of sodium and water, and processing procedure heat balance discharges, and other processing method is safer relatively; Sodium/potassium only consumes water in course of reaction, and processing cost is low; Do not produce the aeroge of metal oxide in operating process, product is a small amount of alkali lye, does not affect environment; The method is simple to operate, and the reaction time is suitable, and reaction unit can be preserved for a long time and use at any time, meets the demand that laboratory processes useless sodium/potassium at any time completely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 gives up in laboratory, and sodium/give up potassium treating apparatus schematic diagram; Wherein: 1. aqueduct, 4. water layer, 5. the non-polar organic solvent layer of reaction bulb, 2. bottle stopper, 3. band stop valve.
Detailed description of the invention
Following nonlimiting examples can make the present invention of those of ordinary skill in the art's comprehend, but does not limit the present invention in any way.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, for sodium and kerosene, the technical program is further elaborated.
Get the reaction bulb of 500mL.Open bottle stopper, add 200mL water and 100mL atoleine respectively, atoleine floats on the water surface because density is little.The sodium block getting 2g is again fed in reaction bulb, and because the give up density of sodium of metal is greater than kerosene, useless sodium can sink to oil-water interfaces gradually.Sodium block is deposited to oil-water interfaces place gradually.React rapidly when lower floor's contact water of sodium block, and produce hydrogen, the gas push sodium block of generation comes back to inside atoleine.Now sodium block no longer contacts with water, and the termination that is swift in response.Sodium block in atoleine stays for some time, and continues downward sedimentation, and sodium block moves back and forth at water layer and atoleine interlayer.If there is the sedimentation of tiny sodium block slow, press-in water layer can be pinned by tweezers, or react completely to it with a small amount of water flushing sodium block.In sodium block digestion process, heat release is steady, speed suitable, can not produce the aeroge of na oxide, not affect laboratory environment.After operation terminates, open the aqueduct of band stop valve, release the waste water of reaction bulb lower floor.This layer of waste water is sodium hydroxide solution, can enter sewer through neutralization or dilution.The atoleine sodium that do not give up with metal reacts, and can stay in reaction bulb and reuse.Supplement suitable quantity of water to reaction bulb from bottleneck again, cover bottle stopper, wait at any time and using next time.
Claims (3)
1. give up sodium/potassium treating apparatus in laboratory, it is characterized in that: comprise reaction bulb (1), the bottle stopper (2) matched with reaction bulb (1) top bottleneck and be arranged on the aqueduct (3) of band stop valve of reaction bulb (1) bottom; Water layer (4) and non-polar organic solvent layer (5) is also filled in described reaction bulb (1).
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described non-polar organic solvent layer (5) is filled to density and is less than sodium/potassium metal and water, and not with sodium/potassium metal reaction, simultaneously its boiling range is more than 180 DEG C, and flash-point is the solvent of more than 40 DEG C.
3. the using method of device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in reaction bulb (1), fill water layer (4) and non-polar organic solvent layer (5) formation oil, water two-phase, after opening stopper (2), discarded sodium/potassium block is put in reaction bulb (1), this discarded sodium/potassium block is in oil, reciprocating motion between water two-phase interface and non-polar organic solvent layer (5), and clear up, until react completely with water reaction gradually; Water layer (4) solution after the useless sodium/nak response of process is by aqueduct (3) discharge of band stop valve.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510513859.7A CN105148815A (en) | 2015-08-19 | 2015-08-19 | Method and device for treating waste sodium/potassium in laboratory |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510513859.7A CN105148815A (en) | 2015-08-19 | 2015-08-19 | Method and device for treating waste sodium/potassium in laboratory |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108311089A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-24 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of bulk metal sodium impurity secure processing device and method |
| CN115026111A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-09 | 珠海市斗门区永兴盛环保工业废弃物回收综合处理有限公司 | Waste active metal recovery processing device and use method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1952212A (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2007-04-25 | 大连联化化学有限公司 | Method for deactivation of active sodium sand |
| CN103041540A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-04-17 | 大连联化化学有限公司 | Quenching method of residual metal sodium in production process of chemical industry |
| CN203108552U (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-08-07 | 李冬丽 | Multi-purpose chemical reagent bottle |
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2015
- 2015-08-19 CN CN201510513859.7A patent/CN105148815A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1952212A (en) * | 2006-11-13 | 2007-04-25 | 大连联化化学有限公司 | Method for deactivation of active sodium sand |
| CN103041540A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-04-17 | 大连联化化学有限公司 | Quenching method of residual metal sodium in production process of chemical industry |
| CN203108552U (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-08-07 | 李冬丽 | Multi-purpose chemical reagent bottle |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108311089A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-24 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of bulk metal sodium impurity secure processing device and method |
| CN115026111A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-09 | 珠海市斗门区永兴盛环保工业废弃物回收综合处理有限公司 | Waste active metal recovery processing device and use method |
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Application publication date: 20151216 |
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