CN105142232A - Displacement trend and IEEE802.11p-based vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) channel access method - Google Patents
Displacement trend and IEEE802.11p-based vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) channel access method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a displacement trend and IEEE802.11p-based vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) channel access method. The method comprises the following steps: (A) receiving a data packet, recording the distance to a message node, and judging whether a previous distance record exists in the message node or not within effective time, if not, regarding as that first communication should reserve original enhanced distributed channel access mechanism (EDCA) parameters, if so, entering the next step of the algorithm; (B) comparing the recorded distance of a new vehicle node with the recorded distance of the previous same target node to judge the displacement trend, and determining the displacement trend type; and (C) updating corresponding vehicular networking arbitration interframe space number (VIFSN) according to different displacement trend types, obtaining a vehicular networking arbitration interframe space (VIFS) by the number when waiting that the vehicle node transmits information to the message node, and participating into channel contention. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the problems of low efficiency, low fairness, high packet loss probability and high time delay of current VANET communication are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, particularly relate to the VANET channel access method of a kind of deformation based trend and IEEE802.11p.
Background technology
VANET (VehicularAdhocNetworks) operates in road traffic environment, with vehicle and roadside access points for communication node, supports the special movement self-organizing network that bus transportation information is mutual, networks also referred to as car.The communication of VANET mainly comprises following two kinds of tactic patterns: communicate between vehicle node with vehicle node (V2V, VehicletoVehicle) with the mode of vehicle node with communicate (V2I, the VehicletoInfrastructure) of roadside infrastructure.VANET serves and important effect in effective diffusion etc. of road conditions information gathering, geographical location information navigation, security information, and it is by improving traffic efficiency, and avoid traffic accident generation, for railway and highway system provides double shield that is convenient and safety.VANET is a kind of emerging technology, significant in the reliability, controllability, traffic efficiency etc. that promote trap for automobile traffic system.The node unit be under VANET environment sets up mobile communications network by short-distance wireless communication technology (DedicatedShortRangeCommunications, DSRC) self-organizing between vehicle node; And vehicle node enters when roadside enters node communication scope and also can carry out related communication as required with roadside access node, can store & forward information of vehicles being connected with outer net as interface with the roadside access points of vehicle communication.By such ad-hoc network, directly information needed can be transmitted between vehicle, also forward by workshop forwarding or roadside access points between the vehicle node carrying out exceeding direct communication distance and communicate, thus realize vehicle information interaction and carry out interconnected function and object with external network.
Vehicle node motion, under traffic environment, has himself unique features.Present stage, one of traffic theory was traffic flow theory, and this theoretical rudiment, the thirties in 20th century, is originally the relation that applied optics analyzes the magnitude of traffic flow and the speed of a motor vehicle.From the forties, traffic flow theory is on the basis of the discipline development such as operational research and computing technique, and obtain new progress, probability theory method, hydrodynamic methods and dynamic method are applied to the research of traffic flow all respectively.Traffic flow theory three elements comprise: the volume of traffic, speed, density.Traffic flow theory effectively can describe the particular surroundings and nodal properties that vehicle node kinetic characteristic communicates due to VANET, and the channel access of VANET is all faced with all difficulties always:
In the wireless network of multi-user, how effectively Distribution utilization communication channel, not only ensure individual demand but ensure whole system performance be primary study problem.This also just MAC layer media interviews control the function that realizes.In IEEE802.11p standard, MAC layer takes the enhanced distributed channel access mechanism (EnhancedDistributedChannelAccess, EDCA) proposed in standard 802.11e.This mechanism is for realizing the support for the service quality of service with different priority levels stream and the mechanism introduced in former IEEE802.11 standard.By realizing different access priority to different types of messages, regulating the access of different messages, guaranteeing service quality.And IEEE802.11p is also only the amendment in parameter to IEEE802.11e in this amendment directly perceived made, not in conjunction with the traffic mobility of car networking itself.EDCA mechanism has the good property excavated as the important component part of IEEE802.11p thus.At present in IEEE802.11p protocol technology, do not launch comprehensively to discuss to the performance impact of mac-layer protocol to junction traffic mobility, especially in V2V clean culture, the mobility lacked by contacting vehicle carries high performance research discussion further.
Four mobile nodes are had: vehicle A, vehicle B, vehicle C, vehicle D in Figure 10.In the model, vehicle A is for sending data to car C at one time, and vehicle B communicates for sending data to vehicle D.By observe upper figure can find out vehicle A and vehicle B position relationship for mutually away from, and the pass of vehicle B and vehicle D is close to each other, has different displacements to tend between them.Because vehicle has with car characteristic in urban road environment, with region, vehicle node speed difference generally can not be very large in the same way, this also just causes under close relative velocity, when the spacing of vehicle A and vehicle C exceeds node range of transmission, vehicle B and vehicle D still have enough distances to communicate with the time, also can have condition more than needed to communicate with vehicle D with regard to causing vehicle B or fulfil communication ahead of schedule, and vehicle A and vehicle C probably due to time and channel condition deficiency cause packet loss.And due to the decision of characteristics of radio channels, distance communication condition far away is more severe.If transmit identical packet, the communication between vehicle B and vehicle D relies on longer time and more excellent communication condition certainly more reliable more efficient.An effective mac-layer protocol should give vehicle A and vehicle C higher priority, communication necessary between can be able to completing before rolling node data transmission range away from.This is the fairness problem of the channel access caused due to the traffic mobility (as displacement trend difference) of vehicle node.And due to the overall deficiency of communication condition, the effect of the vehicle node efficient communication of inferior position reduces, and then cause the decline of whole communication system performance.
Summary of the invention
For the defect existed in prior art or deficiency, technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of in conjunction with displacement trend and the VANET channel access method of IEEE802.11p, the method solves poor efficiency, the low fairness that current VANET communicates, high packet loss, these problems of high time delay, and can tend to according to communication node displacement, select Arbitration Inter Frame Space targetedly, service differentiation made to different displacement trend, improves fairness, promote throughput, reduce time delay.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention takes tends to, with the VANET channel access method of IEEE802.11p, comprise the following steps for providing a kind of deformation based:
A, receive packet after record information node and self distance, judge that this information node is at T effective time
einside whether have last distance record, if without distance record, being considered as first communication and should retaining former enhanced distributed channel access mechanism EDCA parameter, if having, enter this algorithm next step;
The recording distance of B, newer vehicle node and last time same destination node recording distance to judge that displacement tends to, and determine its displacement trend type;
C, according to different displacement trend types upgrade self corresponding VIFSN value, wait for vehicle node to information node send information time apply this Arbitration Inter Frame Space VIFS being worth self, participation channel competition; The computing formula of VIFS (car networking interFrameGap) is as follows:
VIFS[DT][AC]＝VIFSN[DT]×aSlotTime+AIFSN[AC]×aSlotTime+SIFS
Wherein: AIFSN represents Arbitration Inter Frame Space slot values, VIFSNVANETInter-frameSpacing) represent car networking interFrameGap timeslot number, SIFS represents short interFrameGap, DTDisplacementTrend) represent different displacement trends.
As a further improvement on the present invention, judge that displacement trend takes displacement to tend to judgment criterion in described step B, described displacement trend judgment criterion comprises: adopt comparison other D according to the comparative result of the new and old distance of vehicle node
thresholdcompare the distance D obtained when vehicle node A is the last receives the message of vehicle node B
newthe distance D obtained when receiving the message of vehicle node B with last time
oldsize.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in described step B, the classification of displacement trend comprises five kinds, the comparatively far away and motion trend of A, positional distance for away from; The comparatively near and displacement trend of B, positional distance for away from; C, positional distance are comparatively near and displacement trend is close; D, positional distance are comparatively far away and displacement trend is close; E, displacement trend geo-stationary.
As a further improvement on the present invention, if parameter Δ D represents the comparative result of new and old distance, Δ D expression formula as shown in the formula:
ΔD＝D
new-D
old
As a further improvement on the present invention, described comparison other D
thresholdthen be chosen to be the half of vehicle node communication distance.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described vehicle node is under V2V clean culture scene, and vehicle node A is intended to send message to vehicle node B, sets a time interval T at vehicle node A for moment to the past sending message
e, whether its range data acting as decision node record is effective, and the vehicle distances data that vehicle node A records are at T
ebecause data time barred can cease to be in force automatically after time.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention proposes one in conjunction with displacement trend and the channel access technology of IEEE802.11p, it effectively can carry out service differentiation communication in conjunction with current traffic dynamic characteristic.The car internet services of deformation based trend distinguishes machine-processed VEDCA by analyzing the node of different displacement trend type, to they providing different access services, it is made to have different access channel prioritys, the node that the successful possibility that makes originally to communicate is low to more multimachine meeting, promote its successful possibility that communicates.Optimize the distribution of resource on the whole, improve the fairness of system, and reduce packet loss by this measure, and then improve the throughput of system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the default parameters figure of EDCA in structural representation car of the present invention networking;
Fig. 2 is displacement of the present invention trend classification chart;
Fig. 3 is the distance situation map of two cars of communicating under V2V unicast case during road vehicle of the present invention travels;
Fig. 4 is displacement of the present invention trend judgment criterion figure;
Fig. 5 is the VIFS value that different displacement trend of the present invention is corresponding different;
Fig. 6 is VEDCA of the present invention and the comparison diagram of former IEEE802.11pEDCA in fairness;
Fig. 7 is the comparison diagram of VEDCA and EDCA of the present invention on end-to-end average delay;
Fig. 8 is the comparison diagram of VEDCA and EDCA of the present invention on packet loss;
Fig. 9 is the comparison diagram of VEDCA and EDCA of the present invention on average throughput;
Figure 10 is the parallel figure of injustice of different displacement trend inter-vehicular communication of the present invention.
Embodiment
Illustrate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described.
Under V2V communication mode, the problem of channel fairness is accessed in order to solve vehicle node, be directed to the traffic mobility of vehicle node in VANET (car networking), the application I propose a kind of deformation based trend service differentiation algorithm VEDCA (VANETEnhancedDistributedChannelAccess), in this algorithm, each vehicle node makes it have the priority of different access channels by judging self to tend to select different interFrameGaps from the displacement of destination node, distinguish mechanism by Optimized Service and effectively improve the problem of packet loss and fairness in communication process and reasonable distribution resource, thus reach the object of optimized network improving performance.
In IEEE802.11p standard, be divided into four kinds: AC_VO voice (Voice), AC_VI video (Video), AC_BE Best-Effort (BestEffort), AC_BK background information (Background) according to different access style message.For supporting different priority access ranks, lasting idle time of channel required before sending packet replaces original definite value DIFS by the Arbitration Inter Frame Space AIFS (ArbitrationInterFrameSpace) selected.The important composition part of AIFS is Arbitration Inter Frame Space slot values (AIFSN) and short interFrameGap SIFS.Be constant for other message AIFS value of fixed class, Fig. 2 is the default parameters of EDCA in car networking.The computing formula of AIFS value is as follows:
AIFS[AC]＝AIFSN[AC]×aSlotTime+SIFS
VEDCA algorithm proposes a new concept VIFS (VANETInter-frameSpacing), i.e. car networking interFrameGap, in order to replace former AIFS.VIFS is on the basis of original message access style service differentiation, and the vehicle node that is closely connected traffic mobility, has also made service differentiation to different displacements trend.VIFS is made up of network interFrameGap timeslot number (VIFSN) and short interFrameGap SIFS of Arbitration Inter Frame Space slot values (AIFSN) and car.The computing formula of VIFS is as follows:
VIFS[DT][AC]＝VIFSN[DT]×aSlotTime+AIFSN[AC]×aSlotTime+SIFS
Wherein car networking interFrameGap timeslot number (VIFSN) and displacement tend to link together, and different displacements trend (DisplacementTrend, DT) has the VIFSN value corresponded.Displacement trend is classified as follows shown in Fig. 3 herein according to different movement tendencies and far and near condition:
So how could specifically be in the major issue which kind of displacement trend just becomes the required solution of VEDCA during decision node communication.Upper joint refer to the displacement trend being characterized vehicle node by nodal distance, and the specific algorithm being characterized displacement trend by distance once is just discussed below.
Upper Fig. 3 illustrates under V2V clean culture scene, and vehicle node A is intended to send message to vehicle node B.The distance D that vehicle node A is more the last to be obtained when receiving the B message of vehicle node
newthe distance D obtained when receiving the message of vehicle node B with last time
oldif be greater than, illustrate that vehicle node A becomes with vehicle node B substantially near trend, why illustrate that if be less than vehicle node A becomes with vehicle node B substantially away from trend, if equal, vehicle node A and vehicle node B geo-stationary is substantially described.Because distance representative is mobile result, be not as this amount representing instantaneous trend of speed, so the change in location trend drawn from the contrast of longitudinal separation just trend substantially, but due to the car networking discussed above illustrate that movement tendency between vehicle node has certain stability with the traffic characteristics such as car characteristics, link characteristics can't frequently change sharply, it is feasible exercisable for macroscopic view, characterizing internodal movement tendency with distance variation tendency thus.If parameter Δ D represents the comparative result of new and old distance.Δ D expression formula as shown in the formula:
ΔD＝D
new-D
old
In order to reduce the impact of distance characterizing motility trend poor real, set a time interval T at node for moment to the past sending message herein
e, whether its range data acting as decision node record is effective, if because data are too remote, lose its comparative sense.The spacing data that vehicle node records are at T
ebecause data time barred can cease to be in force automatically after time.
Upper joint discussed displacement trend except there being change in location to tend to, and also had euclidean distance between node pair far and near.Because the distance of communication distance directly affects communication quality, so the distance of decision node distance is also very important to the structure of VEDCA model.And we judge the comparison other D that the distance of vehicle node spacing adopts
thresholdselect the half being chosen to be vehicle node communication distance, higher than this value, vehicle node spacing then represents that euclidean distance between node pair is far away, lower than this value, vehicle node spacing then represents that euclidean distance between node pair is near.Take figure below as the criterion of displacement trend between decision node.
After vehicle node has judged to tend to type with the displacement of destination node, next step has been exactly upgrade corresponding VIFSN according to displacement trend type.In order to calculate the VIFS value being used for competitive channel.Fig. 5 is the corresponding VIFSN value herein set by all types of displacements trend.
After drawing corresponding VIFSN, vehicle node just can go out the VIFS value required for VEDCA mechanism according to formulae discovery thus carry out channel competition, completes the function of VEDCA mechanism.Because the corresponding VIFS of different displacement trend type is different, so also just different to the competition priority of channel when the vehicle of different displacement trend type sends message, just should for the different traffic mobility of vehicle node to formulate the object of different differentiation communication services so this theory of algorithm achieves.Be the algorithm flow of VEDCA service differentiation mechanism below:
The first step, receives record information node and self distance after bag, judge this information node whether have within effective time on once distance record, if without distance record, being considered as communicates for the first time should retain former EDCA parameter, if having, enter this algorithm next step.
Second step, compare new record distance with last time same node recording distance to judge that displacement tends to, and according to Fig. 4 determine its displacement trend code name.
3rd step, becomes according to different displacement trend and selects to upgrade self corresponding VIFSN value according to Fig. 5, and wait node applies this Arbitration Inter Frame Space being worth self when information node sends information, participates in channel competition.
Performance Evaluation
We judge the fairness of system by the fairness index calculating end-to-end propagation delay time, and lower Fig. 6 is VEDCA algorithm and former IEEE802.11pEDCA algorithm comparing in fairness.
Can find out that VEDCA algorithm is having larger lifting to former EDCA algorithm in fairness intuitively by upper figure, this is because VEDCA algorithm is by the grasp to displacement trend, propose service differentiation targetedly, the node making communication quality be tending towards reducing communication condition difference can have higher priority to go the communication of oneself needs, make the good node of communication potentiality height communication condition relatively can abdicate a part of channel access chance, it is more fair to be that each node access channel completes the chance of necessary communication.
Fig. 7 characterizes VEDCA algorithm to the optimization of EDCA algorithm on end-to-end average delay, can find out that VEDCA algorithm significantly decreases time delay, this be due to VEDCA algorithm for the service differentiation that different displacement trend is made make originally may completely not become because channel condition is severe the node of communication had more opportunistic communication make its need not because of the severe of communication condition but demand that is that self send information delay again and again.
Fig. 8 describes VEDCA and also made improvement to EDCA algorithm on packet loss.Compared to average delay, the decrease reason of packet loss is just more directly perceived, when the vehicle node that communication performance potentiality are low be subject to algorithm look after obtain higher priority access channel time, also just mean that peculiar larger chance is by message bag transmission success, and the node be inherently in good communication environment significantly can't reduce the possibility of transmission success because suitably abdicating access chance, so the transmission success possibility of whole system strengthens, and packet loss reduces the most at last.
After Fig. 9 reflects application VEDCA algorithm system average throughput comparatively before rise to some extent, this point be before network packet loss rate reduce the benefit that can draw.And the lifting of this index also directly reflects the lifting of whole communication system performance.
Can be found out by simulation result contrast, the car internet services of deformation based trend distinguishes machine-processed VEDCA by analyzing the node of different displacement trend type, for they providing different access services, it is made to have different access channel prioritys, the node that the successful possibility that makes originally to communicate is low to more multimachine meeting, promote its successful possibility that communicates, optimize the distribution of resource on the whole, improve the fairness of system, and reduce packet loss by this measure, and then improve the throughput of system, algorithm is made also to have made contribution to system on network performance.Emulation proves that the car internet services of deformation based trend distinguishes machine-processed VEDCA but improves system fairness by self traffic characteristics of contact car networking, reduces time delay, reduces communication system packet loss, thus the communication performance of whole system is got a promotion.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. deformation based trend and a VANET channel access method of IEEE802.11p, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A, receive packet after record information node and self distance, judge that this information node is at T effective time set by application scenarios demand
einside whether have last distance record, if without distance record, being considered as first communication and should retaining former enhanced distributed channel access mechanism EDCA parameter, if having, enter this algorithm next step;
The recording distance of B, newer vehicle node and last time same destination node recording distance to judge that displacement tends to, and determine its displacement trend type;
C, upgrade self corresponding VIFSN value according to different displacement trend types, wait for that vehicle node applies car networking interFrameGap VIFS that this is worth self when information node sends information, participation channel competition;
The computing formula of VIFS (car networking interFrameGap) is as follows:
VIFS[DT][AC]＝VIFSN[DT]×aSlotTime+AIFSN[AC]×aSlotTime+SIFS(1)
Wherein: AIFSN represents Arbitration Inter Frame Space slot values, VIFSN (VANETInter-frameSpacing) represents car networking interFrameGap timeslot number, SIFS represents short interFrameGap, and DT (DisplacementTrend) represents different displacement trends.
2. the VANET channel access method of deformation based trend according to claim 1 and IEEE802.11p, it is characterized in that: judge in described step B that displacement trend takes displacement to tend to judgment criterion, described displacement trend judgment criterion comprises: adopt comparison other D according to the comparative result of the new and old distance of vehicle node
thresholdcompare the distance D obtained when vehicle node A is the last receives the message of vehicle node B
newthe distance D obtained when receiving the message of vehicle node B with last time
oldsize.
3. deformation based according to claim 1 trend and the VANET channel access method of IEEE802.11p, is characterized in that: in described step B, the classification of displacement trend comprises five kinds, the comparatively far away and motion trend of A, positional distance for away from; The comparatively near and displacement trend of B, positional distance for away from; C, positional distance are comparatively near and displacement trend is close; D, positional distance are comparatively far away and displacement trend is close; E, displacement trend geo-stationary.
4. deformation based according to claim 2 trend and the VANET channel access method of IEEE802.11p, is characterized in that: establish parameter Δ D to represent the comparative result of new and old distance, Δ D expression formula as shown in the formula:
ΔD＝D
new-D
old(2)。
5. deformation based trend according to claim 2 and the VANET channel access method of IEEE802.11p, is characterized in that: described comparison other D
thresholdthen be chosen to be the half of vehicle node communication distance.
6. the deformation based trend according to any one of claim 1 to 5 and the VANET channel access method of IEEE802.11p, it is characterized in that: described vehicle node is under V2V clean culture scene, vehicle node A is intended to send message to vehicle node B, sets a time interval T at vehicle node A for moment to the past sending message
e, whether its range data acting as decision node record is effective, and the vehicle distances data that vehicle node A records are at T
ebecause data time barred can cease to be in force automatically after time.
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