CN105140533A - Non-metallic nitrogen-doped nanocarbon oxygen reduction catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Non-metallic nitrogen-doped nanocarbon oxygen reduction catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105140533A
CN105140533A CN201510456835.2A CN201510456835A CN105140533A CN 105140533 A CN105140533 A CN 105140533A CN 201510456835 A CN201510456835 A CN 201510456835A CN 105140533 A CN105140533 A CN 105140533A
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catalyst
oxygen reduction
carbon
reduction catalyst
preparation
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CN105140533B (en
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郭向云
童希立
郭聪秀
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Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry of CAS
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Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry of CAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-metallic nitrogen-doped nanocarbon oxygen reduction catalyst, which comprises the component COxNy, wherein x is less than or equal to 0.5 and greater than or equal to 0.05; and y is less than or equal to 0.2 and greater than or equal to 0.05. The non-metallic nitrogen-doped nanocarbon oxygen reduction catalyst has the advantages of being high in efficiency, low in cost, environment-friendly and good in stability; and industrial production is easy to achieve.

Description

A kind of nonmetal nitrating nanometer carbon oxygen reduction catalyst agent and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrocatalysis material field, relate to oxygen reduction catalyst agent of a kind of nonmetal nitrating nanometer carbon and preparation method thereof specifically.
Background technology
New energy development and environmental protection are the significant challenge that national economy sustainable development faces.Fuel cell and metal-air battery power generation process do not relate to oxyhydrogen combustion, and thus not by the restriction of Carnot cycle, energy conversion rate is high; Do not produce pollution during generating, power generating modules, reliability is high, and assembling and maintenance are all very convenient, and work does not have noise, are considered to future automobile power and the most promising chemical power source of other vehicles, are subject to people's extensive concern.Wherein, the redox reactions that fuel cell and metal-air battery negative electrode occur is because relate to multielectron transfer process, and dynamics is slow, is the bottleneck restricting whole battery charge and discharge process.For the redox reactions that negative electrode occurs, Pt/C catalyst is only had to meet the demands at present.But on the earth, Pt reserves are rare, expensive, the commercialization seriously constraining fuel cell and metal-air battery uses.Meanwhile, Pt catalyst is easily poisoned by materials such as CO and sulfur-bearing organic molecules, thus affects the useful life of battery.Therefore, developing the catalyst of alternative Pt, improve catalytic activity and the CO tolerance catalysts ability of oxygen reduction, reduce catalyst price, is emphasis and the focus of fuel cell and metal-air battery research.Oxygen reduction reaction is process very crucial in the sustainable energy such as fuel cell and metal-air cell device.
Nanocarbon catalyst material is a kind of oxygen reduction reaction catalyst with low cost, high stability.The introducing of nitrogen-atoms can give the characteristic electron of material with carbon element uniqueness, thus greatly increases avtive spot (Science2009,323,760 of oxygen reduction reaction; Angew.Chem.1nt.Ed., 2012,51,11496).In this kind of catalyst, especially the research of carbon-supported metal polypyrrole (PPy) class oxygen reduction catalyst is the most concentrated.As Chinese invention patent (publication number CN102451727A) discloses a kind of preparation and application of M-N/C class catalyst, by cobalt salt and the direct proofing of polypyrrole, after making the N effect on Co and Ppy form catalytic center, then high-temperature heat treatment makes Ppy that thermal decomposition formation carbon skeleton occur.The Co-N/C catalyst obtained, because the complexing efficiency of Co and N is high, the catalytic activity of unit mass catalyst is improved.For another example, Chinese invention patent (publication number CN102790223A) discloses a kind of carbon and carries many metals multi-metal polypyrrole oxygen reduction catalyst and preparation method thereof, by adding the method for two or more metal precursor, obtain the catalyst of many Metal Supporteds, catalyst (Co-N/C catalyst or the Fe-N/C catalyst) activity of more monometallic load is higher.But for current most of nitrogen-doped carbon materials, its oxygen reduction activity distance Pt is catalyst based still has certain gap.On the other hand, adding of metal improves cost on the one hand, unavoidably introduces the potential hazard of metallic pollution simultaneously.Therefore the oxygen reduction reaction activity that development of new catalyst improves nonmetal nitrogen-doped carbon material further seems particularly important.
Through retrieval; the bright grade of the remaining water (application number: 2014100285862) disclose the agent of a kind of nitrogen-phosphor codoping carbon oxygen reduction catalyst of Jiangxi Normal University; the phosphorus ammonium compound salt aqueous solution is utilized to carry out immersion treatment to cellulose; suction filtration, drying; carbonization under the protection of high pure nitrogen; obtain nitrogen-phosphor codoping carbon, can be used as the oxygen reduction catalyst agent of microbiological fuel cell.The Li Zhenyu of Jilin University etc. (application number: 2013106650812) report a kind ofly utilize in-situ polymerization, the base metal doping carbon felt with three-dimensional conductive structure prepared by base metal coordination method for pyrolysis, this carbon felt can be used for electrochemical catalysis oxygen reduction.Northwest Normal University Wang Rong virtue waits (application number: 201310119388.2) disclose and the hydrogen in the organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, oxygen are carried out preliminary carbonization through the concentrated sulfuric acid, make melamine enter the duct of preliminary carbonized product, effectively secure nitrogenous source; Carry out the carbonization of the high temperature degree of depth more under nitrogen protection and obtain the oxygen reduction catalyst that nitrogen and carbon is effectively combined.(application number: the preparation method 2012104067938) disclosing a kind of low-cost high-efficiency redox reactions catalyst based on natural plants, this catalyst has excellent oxygen reduction catalyst performance to the bright grade of remaining water of Jiangxi Normal University.Methods of these reports generally select naturally occurring carbon source, and as fiber Xu, plant etc., so that the structure of C catalyst can not Effective Regulation; Or the use concentrated sulfuric acid, inadequate safety and environmental protection; Or need to add metal complex, add cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of efficient, low cost, environmental protection, good stability, the oxygen reduction nitrating nanometer C catalyst being easy to suitability for industrialized production and preparation method thereof.
Catalyst of the present invention, catalyst consist of COxNy, wherein 0.05≤x≤0.5; 0.05≤y≤0.2.
Specific embodiment of the invention step is as follows:
(1) stir in water-soluble for carbon organic substance or ethanol, obtain solution;
(2) step (1) solution is moved on in reactor, be heated to 120-220 DEG C, reaction 1-6h, solid collected by filtration, and spend deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
(3) carbon matrix precursor is heated to 600-1500 DEG C in nitrogen containing atmosphere, heat treatment 3-6h, obtains catalyst.
Step as above (1) solution concentration is 10-200g/L.
Step as above (1) carbon organic substance is the one in phenolic resins, fructose, glucose, fructosamine, gucosamine, melamine, iminosugar;
Nitrogen containing atmosphere as above is the one in the mist of mist, argon gas and the ammonia composition that nitrogen, ammonia, argon gas and nitrogen form.
The take-off potential of the Pt/C catalyst of current commercialization (be 10% containing Pt) reduction oxygen is about-0.20Vvs.Ag/AgCl, and limiting current density can reach 2.4mA/cm 2.The take-off potential of the catalyst reduction oxygen obtained by this patent method can reach-0.12Vvs.Ag/AgCl, and limiting current density can reach 3.4mA/cm 2, show that this catalyst has the ability of good catalytic reduction oxygen, be expected to part and replace commercial Pt/C to urge agent.
The present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of nitrating nanometer carbon oxygen reduction catalyst agent of novel non-noble metal.Be different from certain methods conventional at present, the method does not need containing n-donor ligand, metal reagent, the concentrated sulfuric acid and prop carrier, obtains the agent of a kind of nitrating nanometer carbon oxygen reduction catalyst by hydro thermal method and heat treatment.Carbon particle size is homogeneous, is evenly distributed, and shows good oxygen reduction activities.The preparation of this catalyst is easy, environmental protection, safety; Catalyst performance is good, stable, is easy to industrialization large-scale production; It is a kind of catalyst having market application foreground.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, but the embodiment of the invention is not restricted to.
Embodiment 1
1, take 0.5g melamine goes in 50ml ethanol, stir and obtain solution;
2, above-mentioned solution is moved on in reactor, be heated to 160 DEG C, reaction 6h, solid collected by filtration, and spend deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean carbon matrix precursor is heated to 600 DEG C in ammonia atmosphere, heat treatment 3h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.05n 0.2;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.20V, and limiting current density is 2.4mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 2
1, take 2g fructose to be dissolved in 50ml water, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 180 DEG C, reaction 3h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 800 DEG C in ammonia atmosphere, heat treatment 3h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.35n 0.12;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.19V, and limiting current density is 2.6mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 3
1, take 4g fructosamine to be dissolved in 50ml ethanol, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 180 DEG C, reaction 2h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 900 DEG C in gas blanket of nitrogen, heat treatment 3h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.5n 0.05;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.18V, and limiting current density is 3.0mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 4
1, take 6g glucose to be dissolved in 50ml water, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 220 DEG C, reaction 4h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 800 DEG C in ammonia atmosphere, heat treatment 5h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.46n 0.06;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.12V, and limiting current density is 3.4mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 5
1, take 8g gucosamine to be dissolved in 50ml ethanol, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 220 DEG C, reaction 1h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 1000 DEG C in ammonia atmosphere, heat treatment 6h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.5n 0.2;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.15V, and limiting current density is 3.2mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 6
1, take 10g iminosugar to be dissolved in 50ml water, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 180 DEG C, reaction 3h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 600 DEG C in ammonia atmosphere, heat treatment 5h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.35n 0.2;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.17V, and limiting current density is 2.9mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 7
1, take 8g glucose to be dissolved in 50ml water, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 200 DEG C, reaction 4h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 1500 DEG C in argon gas nitrogen, heat treatment 3h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.23n 0.05;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.14V, and limiting current density is 3.2mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 8
1, take 10g phenol formaldehyde resin dissolves in 50ml ethanol, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 180 DEG C, reaction 5h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 1400 DEG C in argon gas blanket of nitrogen, heat treatment 3h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.32n 0.1;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.18V, and limiting current density is 2.7mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 9
1, take 5g iminosugar to be dissolved in 50ml water, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 200 DEG C, reaction 5h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 1100 DEG C in blanket of nitrogen, heat treatment 3h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.15n 0.12;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.19V, and limiting current density is 2.9mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 10
1, take 6g fructose to be dissolved in 50ml ethanol, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 220 DEG C, reaction 4h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 1200 DEG C in blanket of nitrogen, heat treatment 5h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.34n 0.08;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.18V, and limiting current density is 3.0mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 11
1, take 3g fructosamine to be dissolved in 50ml water, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 180 DEG C, reaction 4h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 800 DEG C in argon gas ammonia atmosphere, heat treatment 6h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.28n 0.16;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.18V, and limiting current density is 3.0mA/cm 2.
Embodiment 12
1, take 7g gucosamine to be dissolved in 50ml water, stir and obtain solution;
2, move on in reactor by above-mentioned solution, be heated to 200 DEG C, reaction 3h, obtains solid collected by filtration, and spends deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
3, clean solid is heated to 1000 DEG C in argon gas ammonia atmosphere, heat treatment 5h, obtains catalyst.Catalyst specifically consist of CO 0.3n 0.18;
4, using on above-mentioned for 5mg catalyst cupport to glass-carbon electrode as work electrode, take Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, Pt is to electrode, at O 2its chemical property is tested in saturated 0.1MKOH solution.Electrochemistry linear sweep test shows, take-off potential is-0.15V, and limiting current density is 3.1mA/cm 2.

Claims (5)

1. a nonmetal nitrating nanometer carbon oxygen reduction catalyst agent, what it is characterized in that catalyst consists of COxNy, wherein 0.05≤x≤0.5; 0.05≤y≤0.2.
2. the preparation method of a kind of nonmetal nitrating nanometer carbon oxygen reduction catalyst as claimed in claim 1 agent, is characterized in that comprising step as follows:
(1) stir in water-soluble for carbon organic substance or ethanol, obtain solution;
(2) step (1) solution is moved on in reactor, be heated to 120-220 0c, reaction 1-6h, solid collected by filtration, and spend deionized water, obtain carbon matrix precursor;
(3) carbon matrix precursor is heated to 600-1500 in nitrogen containing atmosphere oc, heat treatment 3-6h, obtains catalyst.
3. the preparation method of a kind of nonmetal nitrating nanometer carbon oxygen reduction catalyst as claimed in claim 1 agent, is characterized in that described step (1) solution concentration is 10-200g/L.
4. the preparation method of a kind of nonmetal nitrating nanometer carbon oxygen reduction catalyst as claimed in claim 1 agent, is characterized in that described step (1) carbon organic substance is the one in phenolic resins, fructose, glucose, fructosamine, gucosamine, melamine, iminosugar.
5. the preparation method of a kind of nonmetal nitrating nanometer carbon oxygen reduction catalyst as claimed in claim 1 agent, is characterized in that described nitrogen containing atmosphere is the one in the mist of mist, argon gas and the ammonia composition that nitrogen, ammonia, argon gas and nitrogen form.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108321403A (en) * 2018-01-22 2018-07-24 厦门大学 A kind of oxidation reduction catalyst and preparation method thereof

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US20140333264A1 (en) * 2011-02-18 2014-11-13 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Battery with hybrid electrocatalysts
US20150141666A1 (en) * 2012-07-30 2015-05-21 Zhongwei Chen Low Cost Synthesis of Single Material Bifunctional Nonprecious Catalyst for Electrochemical Devices
CN104716345A (en) * 2013-12-15 2015-06-17 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Fuel cell cathode electrocatalyst and preparation and application thereof

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101884932A (en) * 2010-06-11 2010-11-17 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 Nitrogen-doped carbon nano-fiber oxygen reduction catalyst, and preparation method and application thereof
US20140333264A1 (en) * 2011-02-18 2014-11-13 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Battery with hybrid electrocatalysts
US20150141666A1 (en) * 2012-07-30 2015-05-21 Zhongwei Chen Low Cost Synthesis of Single Material Bifunctional Nonprecious Catalyst for Electrochemical Devices
CN104716345A (en) * 2013-12-15 2015-06-17 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Fuel cell cathode electrocatalyst and preparation and application thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108321403A (en) * 2018-01-22 2018-07-24 厦门大学 A kind of oxidation reduction catalyst and preparation method thereof

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