CN105134480A - 风力涡轮、根部衬套、风力涡轮转子叶片及其制造方法 - Google Patents

风力涡轮、根部衬套、风力涡轮转子叶片及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN105134480A
CN105134480A CN201510302002.0A CN201510302002A CN105134480A CN 105134480 A CN105134480 A CN 105134480A CN 201510302002 A CN201510302002 A CN 201510302002A CN 105134480 A CN105134480 A CN 105134480A
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E.格罗夫-尼尔森
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Siemens AG
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    • B32B38/00Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
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    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
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Abstract

本发明涉及风力涡轮、根部衬套、风力涡轮转子叶片及其制造方法。用于风力涡轮转子叶片(5)的根部衬套(9),其中,所述根部衬套(9)具有带有纵向沟槽(15)的圆筒形状。所述根部衬套的有利之处在于,与已知圆筒根部衬套相比,本发明的根部衬套与纤维复合材料之间的结合区域被扩大。

Description

风力涡轮、根部衬套、风力涡轮转子叶片及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于风力涡轮转子叶片的根部衬套、风力涡轮转子叶片、风力涡轮、以及用于制造风力涡轮的风力涡轮转子叶片的方法。
背景技术
现代风力涡轮转子叶片由纤维增强塑料制成。转子叶片通常包括具有倒圆前缘和尖锐后缘的翼型。转子叶片借助其叶片根部被连接到风力涡轮的轮毂。叶片根部包括至少一个或多个根部衬套。根部衬套可设置有内螺纹。螺栓接合这些螺纹以将叶片根部连接到轮毂。EP1486415A1描述了这种根部衬套。根部衬套被嵌入在转子叶片的纤维复合材料中。根部衬套与纤维复合材料之间的机械锚定可以通过例如喷砂根部衬套的表面或者通过提供周向沟槽来实现。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种用于风力涡轮转子叶片的叶片根部的改进根部衬套。
因此,提供用于风力涡轮转子叶片的根部衬套。所述根部衬套具有带有纵向沟槽的圆筒形状。
所述根部衬套的有利之处在于,与已知圆筒根部衬套相比,本发明的根部衬套与纤维复合材料之间的结合区域被扩大。由于所述沟槽沿根部衬套的纵向方向被设置,因此根部衬套与周围纤维复合材料之间的结合区域不会暴露于垂直于或几乎垂直于结合表面的拉伸负载。根部衬套的整个表面被用于将剪切力从根部衬套传递到纤维复合材料。纤维都不会沿相对于纤维方向成-90°的方向被加载。因此,可制造具有较低根部失效风险的更安全叶片。
根据一个实施例,沟槽平行于根部衬套的中间轴线被设置。优选地,根部衬套关于中间轴线对称。替代性地,沟槽可相对于中间轴线成角度地延伸。
根据另一实施例,根部衬套具有圆形截面。替代性地,根部衬套可具有椭圆形或矩形截面。
根据另一实施例,根部衬套具有包括螺纹的中心孔。螺栓可接合所述螺纹,以将所述根部衬套连接到所述风力涡轮的轮毂。
根据另一实施例,沟槽均匀地分布在根部衬套的圆周上。替代性地,沟槽可不均匀地分布。
根据另一实施例,根部衬套具有第一表面和第二表面,其中所述第一表面是平坦的并且所述第二表面是逐渐缩小的。第二表面优选地朝向端部变尖。这确保了根部衬套的柔性。
根据另一实施例,所述沟槽可具有半圆形截面。替代性地,沟槽可具有矩形、三角形或任何其他期望截面。
根据另一实施例,沟槽具有正弦形截面。根部衬套可具有不同的沟槽几何构型,例如同时具有半圆形和正弦形截面。
根据另一实施例,根部衬套能够利用单向纤维织条来卷绕,使得其粗纱纱线被设置在根部衬套的沟槽中。单向纤维织条包括利用弹性缝合纱线被缝合在一起的粗纱纱线。
此外,提供风力涡轮转子叶片,其包括这种根部衬套以及单向纤维织条,所述单向纤维织条围绕所述根部衬套被卷绕,使得其粗纱纱线被设置在沟槽中。纤维织条可嵌入在纤维复合材料中,所述纤维复合材料赋予转子叶片以形状。单向纤维织条可以是根部衬套与纤维复合材料之间的交接部。单向纤维织条是纤维复合材料的一部分。
根据一个实施例,单向纤维织条的粗纱纱线利用弹性缝合纱线被缝合在一起。弹性缝合纱线可以由例如专用包覆热塑性聚酯、天然橡胶或聚氨基甲酸乙酯制成。
根据另一实施例,单向纤维织条浸渍有树脂。树脂可以是热塑性或热固性材料。
此外,提供了具有这种根部衬套和/或这种风力涡轮转子叶片的风力涡轮。
此外,提供一种制造用于风力涡轮的风力涡轮转子叶片的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供根部衬套,其中所述根部衬套具有带有纵向沟槽的圆筒形状;
b)提供单向纤维织条;
c)将所述单向纤维织条围绕所述根部衬套卷绕,使得所述单向纤维织条的粗纱纱线被设置在所述沟槽中;以及
d)将所述单向纤维织条浸渍有树脂。
根据一个实施例,单向维织条在真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺中被浸渍。在VARTM工艺中,干燥纤维材料在模具中被抽出,并且然后渗入有树脂。在固化树脂之后,可以从模具取出该部件,即,叶片。
“风力涡轮”当前指代将风的动能转换为旋转能量的设备,该旋转能量可通过该设备再次转换为电能。
本发明的其他可能实施方式或替代性方案还可包括针对实施例在上文或下文描述的特征的在本文未被明确地提及的组合。本领域技术人员还可将单独或孤立的方面和特征添加到本发明的最基本形式中。
附图说明
从后续说明和所附权利要求书结合附图将显而易见到本发明的其他实施例、特征和优势,在附图中:
图1是根据一个实施例的风力涡轮的透视图;
图2是根据一个实施例的风力涡轮转子叶片的透视图;
图3是根据图2的风力涡轮转子叶片的端视图;
图4是用于根据图2的风力涡轮转子叶片的根部的根部衬套的侧视图;
图5是根据图4的根部衬套的端视图;
图6是根据图4的根部衬套的放大图;
图7是根据图4的根部衬套的另一放大图;
图8是根据图4的根部衬套的截面图;
图9是根据图8的根部衬套的放大截面图;以及
图10示出了用于制造风力涡轮转子叶片的方法的实施例的框图。
具体实施方式
在附图中,相同的附图标记指代相同或功能上等效的元件,除非另有说明。
图1示出了根据一个实施例的风力涡轮1。
风力涡轮1包括连接到设置在机舱3内侧的发电机(未示出)上的转子2。机舱3被设置在风力涡轮1的塔架4的上端处。
转子2包括三个叶片5。叶片5被连接到风力涡轮1的轮毂6。这类转子2可具有范围在例如从30米至160米的范围内的直径。叶片5经受高风力负载。与此同时,叶片5需要是轻质的。出于这些原因,现代风力涡轮1中的叶片5由纤维增强复合材料制造成。在本文中出于成本原因,玻璃纤维通常是优于碳纤维的。通常,使用呈单向纤维垫形式的玻璃纤维。
图2示出了根据一个实施例的叶片5。
叶片5包括:空气动力学设计的部分7,其被成形以便实现风能的最佳利用;以及用于将叶片5连接到轮毂6的叶片根部8。叶片5可以借助于螺栓固定到轮毂6。
图3示出了叶片根部8的端视图。
叶片根部8包括多个根部衬套9,其用于将叶片5可释放地连接到轮毂6。根部衬套9被嵌入到叶片根部8中,使得螺栓(未示出)能够被螺接到根部衬套9的内螺纹中,以用于与其牢固但可释放的接合。根部衬套9的数量是任意的。在图3中,仅示出了三个根部衬套9。替代性地,叶片根部8可包括仅一个居中设置的根部衬套9。
图4是根部衬套9的侧视图,图5是根部衬套9的端视图。
在下文中,同时参考图4和图5。根部衬套9具有圆形截面。根部衬套9包括基本部分10和延伸部分11。基本部分10是筒形或管形的,并且具有中心孔12。中心孔12可突出穿过基本部分10和延伸部分11。中心孔12包括用于螺栓(未示出)的螺纹,该螺栓将叶片根部8连接到轮毂6。延伸部分11是倾斜的并且朝向尖端或近乎尖端13具有逐渐减少的截面。因此,延伸部分11具有逐渐增加的柔性。优选地,基本部分10和延伸部分11由一件制成。根部衬套9具有圆筒形状。根部衬套9具有中间轴线14。根部衬套9可由金属合金制成。
根部衬套9具有纵向凹槽或沟槽15。在图4和图5中,仅一个沟槽15具有附图标记。沟槽15平行于中间轴线14被设置。优选地,沟槽均匀地分布在根部衬套9的圆周16上。根部衬套具有第一或远端表面17以及第二或近端表面18。第二表面18倾斜或逐渐缩小并且朝向端部13变尖。沟槽15可平行于中间轴线14延伸。替代性地,沟槽15可相对于中间轴线成角度地延伸。
图6以放大图示出了根部衬套9的表面。
在一个实施例中,如图6所示,沟槽15具有半圆形截面。这意味着,根部衬套9的表面包括半圆形峰和谷。与沟槽15的直径D相比,沟槽15的周向长度是直径D的π/2或约1.57倍。这放大了根部衬套9的表面并且放大了根部衬套9与纤维复合材料之间的结合区域,在其中所述纤维复合材料与不具有沟槽的根部衬套相比被嵌入大约57%。沟槽15的峰峰高度h优选地在根部衬套9的半径r(图5)的0.02至0.2倍之间。
图7以放大图示出了根部衬套9的表面。
在一个实施例中,如图7所示,沟槽15具有正弦截面。这进一步放大了根部衬套9的表面。替代性地,沟槽15可具有三角形、矩形或任何其他期望几何形状。
图8以截面图示出了根部衬套9。图9以放大截面图示出了根部衬套9。
根部衬套9被卷绕有单向粗纱织条19。织条19包括粗纱纱线20,其被铺设在沟槽15中。在围绕根部衬套9卷绕织条19期间,粗纱纱线被设置在沟槽15中。粗纱纱线20通过弹性缝合纱21被缝合到一起。在围绕根部衬套9卷绕单向织条19之后,树脂优选地在真空辅助树脂传递模塑技术中被注入到织条19中。
图10示出了用于制造风力涡轮1的风力涡轮转子叶片5的方法的框图。
在步骤S1中,提供根部衬套9,其中根部衬套9具有带有纵向沟槽的圆筒形状。沟槽可浇铸或磨削到根部衬套9的表面中。根部衬套9优选地由“球墨铸铁”制成。该材料由于其球墨内含物而高度抗冲击并且抗疲劳。一种类型的该材料是所谓的ADI(奥贝球铁)。
在步骤S2中,提供单向纤维织条19。纤维织条19包括粗纱纱线20,其通过弹性缝合纱21被缝合到一起。
在步骤S3中,单向纤维织条19围绕根部衬套9被卷绕,使得单向纤维织条19的粗纱纱线20被设置在沟槽15中。
在步骤S4中,单向纤维织条19浸渍有树脂。树脂可以是热固性或热塑性材料。优选地,单向纤维织条19在真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺中被浸渍。单向纤维织条19可覆盖有多层复合材料以形成叶片5。
根部衬套9的有利之处在于,相对于已知圆筒根部衬套来说,结合区域被扩大最少57%(半圆形沟槽15)。由于沟槽15沿根部衬套9的纵向方向被设置,因此根部衬套9和周围纤维复合材料之间的结合区域都不会暴露于垂直于或几乎垂直于结合表面的拉伸负载。根部衬套9的整个表面被用于将剪切力从根部衬套9传递到纤维复合材料(即,织条19)。没有纤维沿相对于纤维方向的-90°方向被装载。公知的根部衬套通常是逐渐缩小的。逐渐缩小部分由于逐渐缩小部分的角度而具有减少的剪切力传递能力。利用如上所述的根部衬套9,这个缺点由于纵向沟槽15而被克服。由于剪切力传递利用根部衬套9而更有效,因此使用更少的材料并且可以预期用于制造叶片5的降低成本。此外,可以制造具有更低根部失效风险的更安全的叶片5。
虽然本发明根据优选实施例被描述,但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,在所有实施例中,变形都是可能的。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于风力涡轮转子叶片(5)的根部衬套(9),其中,所述根部衬套(9)具有带有纵向沟槽(15)的圆筒形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的根部衬套,其中,所述沟槽(15)平行于所述根部衬套(9)的中间轴线(14)设置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的根部衬套,其中,所述根部衬套(9)具有圆形截面。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的根部衬套,其中,所述根部衬套(9)具有包括螺纹的中心孔(12)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的根部衬套,其中,所述沟槽(15)均匀地分布在所述根部衬套(9)的圆周(16)上。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的根部衬套,其中,所述根部衬套(9)具有第一表面(17)和第二表面(18),且其中所述第一表面(17)是平坦的并且所述第二表面(18)是逐渐缩小的。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的根部衬套,其中,所述沟槽(15)具有半圆形截面。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的根部衬套,其中,所述沟槽(15)具有正弦形截面。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的根部衬套,其中,所述根部衬套(9)能够利用单向纤维织条(19)被卷绕,使其粗纱纱线(20)被设置在所述根部衬套(9)的沟槽(15)中。
10.一种风力涡轮转子叶片(5),其包括根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的根部衬套(9)以及单向纤维织条(19),所述单向纤维织条围绕所述根部衬套(9)被卷绕以使其粗纱纱线(20)被设置在所述沟槽(15)中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的风力涡轮转子叶片,其中,所述单向纤维织条(19)的粗纱纱线(20)利用弹性缝合纱(21)被缝合在一起。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的风力涡轮转子叶片,其中,所述单向纤维织条(19)被浸渍有树脂。
13.一种风力涡轮(1),所述风力涡轮具有根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的根部衬套(9)、和/或根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的风力涡轮转子叶片(5)。
14.一种用于制造用于风力涡轮(1)的风力涡轮转子叶片(5)的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供(S1)根部衬套(9),其中所述根部衬套(9)具有带有纵向沟槽(15)的圆筒形状;
b)提供(S2)单向纤维织条(19);
c)将所述单向纤维织条(19)围绕所述根部衬套(9)卷绕(S3),使得所述单向纤维织条(19)的粗纱纱线(20)被设置在所述沟槽(15)中;以及
d)将所述单向纤维织条(19)浸渍(S4)有树脂。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述单向纤维织条(19)在真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺中被浸渍。
CN201510302002.0A 2014-06-05 2015-06-05 风力涡轮、根部衬套、风力涡轮转子叶片及其制造方法 Pending CN105134480A (zh)

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