CN1051337A - The desalting method of aqueous electrolyte liquid and electrodialyzer - Google Patents
The desalting method of aqueous electrolyte liquid and electrodialyzer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1051337A CN1051337A CN90108560A CN90108560A CN1051337A CN 1051337 A CN1051337 A CN 1051337A CN 90108560 A CN90108560 A CN 90108560A CN 90108560 A CN90108560 A CN 90108560A CN 1051337 A CN1051337 A CN 1051337A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/52—Accessories; Auxiliary operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4604—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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Abstract
The desalting method of aqueous electrolyte liquid, this method comprise, the aqueous solution is fed anolyte compartment (5) and feeds electric current to electrode.Acidic aqueous solution enters diluting compartment (7) and cathode compartment (8) then.Move from chamber (5) and (7) and salt ion and acid ion.Concentrated solution is (6) discharge from the chamber, and desalination solution is arranged from cathode compartment (8).Electrodialyzer comprises housing (1), and ion-exchange membrane (2), (3), (4) are housed in the cavity of this housing.Form tactic anolyte compartment (5) whereby, comprise the less chamber (22) and the cathode compartment (8) of a pair of volume of concentration compartments (6) and diluting compartment (7).In cathode compartment (5), be equipped with and enter pipe (13).In concentration compartments (6), passage is set, opening (17) is set on ion-exchange membrane (4).
Description
The present invention relates to by ion-exchange membrane and under the galvanic current effect separate electrolyte method and be the desalting method implementing these method equipment therefors, that is to say to relate to aqueous electrolyte liquid and used electrodialyzer.
The present invention can be used to remove unwanted solubility salt impurity in the aqueous solution, so that it reaches the residue salt concentration that meets processing requirement.The water that the present invention also can be used for chemical industry, energy industry, radio electronics industry, medicine industry purifies, and can also be used for Urban water supply and purify.
The known desalting method (" В о д о с н а б ж e н и e И с а н и т а р н а я т e х н и к а " that a kind of aqueous solution is arranged, No 7,1973(Г. Г. п e р в о в И д р у г и e, " О п ы т з к с п л у а т а ц и и з л e к т р о д и а л и з н о й о п р e с н и т e л ь н о й у с т а н о в к и н а ж e с т к о й в о щ e; с о д e р ж а e щ e й ж e л e з о И М а р г а н e ц ", C.32-36)), this method comprises, the aqueous solution is fed all cells of electrodialyzer simultaneously and feeds galvanic current to electrode.Under the galvanic current effect, salt ion diffuses into the concentration compartments by ion-exchange membrane, and therefore realizes the demineralising process of the aqueous solution at diluting compartment.Realize electrolytic process in anolyte compartment and cathode compartment, consequently form acid and form alkali at cathode compartment in the anolyte compartment.In the case, electrolytic action is not main in demineralising process, and for the desalting method of the aqueous solution from the energy consumption viewpoint, electrolysis is an equilibrium process.In addition, electrolytic action causes the electrical neutrality of solutidon condition to be destroyed, make solution becomes alkalize on ion-exchange membrane one aqueous solution interface, so just on ion-exchange membrane and negative electrode, form the alkaline matter of indissoluble inevitably, for example the carbonate of calcium and magnesium and vitriol.Discharge concentrated solution from the concentration compartments, and discharge the aqueous solution of desalination from diluting compartment.
In demineralising process, add 5% sulphuric acid soln quantitatively to concentration compartments and cathode compartment.
This method of aqueous solution desalination that makes can not realize continuous demineralising process, and this is because form the settling of indissoluble on ion-exchange membrane, and the result causes the specific conductivity of electrodialyzer to reduce and demineralising process is interrupted.In order to recover demineralising process, this method has been stipulated a regeneration step, and this step is to wash away all cells with initial condition solution after forming settling, and this step itself is also brought extra energy consumption to demineralising process and the specific production rate of demineralising process is reduced.
Known have a kind of like this electrodialyzer (US, A, 4525259), it comprises a housing, several ion-exchange membranees are equipped with in the chamber within it, form in one the cathode compartment of dress negative electrode in dress anodic anolyte compartment and whereby, the anolyte compartment is made of internal surface and first cationic exchange membrane of housing, and cathode compartment is made of internal surface and last cationic exchange membrane of housing.Also have the less cell of a pair of volume in housing between anolyte compartment and cathode compartment, they are exactly tactic diluting compartment and concentration compartments.The pipe connecting of being had family that some solution that can supply water entered and flowed out electrodialyzer also is housed in housing.Also have two stationary tanks that are used for collecting catholyte and anolyte on this electrodialyzer, they all are connected to pipe connecting, so that correspondingly the aqueous solution is introduced cathode compartment and the aqueous solution is drawn from the anolyte compartment.The mode of operation of this electrodialyzer is as follows.The aqueous solution is fed simultaneously in all cells of electrodialyzer.Then electric current is fed anode and negative electrode.At this moment just produced electrolytic action, and therefore correspondingly generated anolyte, generated catholyte, then these anolytes and catholyte have been entered the corresponding stationary tank from cell respectively at cathode compartment in the anolyte compartment.Because the ion of salt spreads by ion-exchange membrane, the result produces the aqueous solution of desalination and produces concentrated solution in the concentration compartments at diluting compartment.The aqueous solution of desalination is discharged from diluting compartment and concentrated solution is discharged from the concentration compartments then.The demineralising process of this electrodialyzer has low specific production rate, this is because deposited difficulty soluble salt on ion-exchange membrane, its result causes demineralising process to stop gradually, and in this electrodialyzer, do not predict and will take to prevent on ion-exchange membrane, to form sedimental measure, said measure is to carry out the synthetic continuously of acid in the anolyte compartment and make the acid of generation enter diluting compartment and cathode compartment quantitatively and diffuse into the concentration compartments.And, in this electrodialyzer,, also need extra energy consumption from anolyte compartment and cathode compartment for anolyte and catholyte are correspondingly discharged.
The known desalting method (US, A, 982712) that also has a kind of aqueous electrolyte liquid, this method comprises, aqueous electrolyte liquid is fed simultaneously in all cells of electrodialyzer, galvanic current is led on two electrodes simultaneously.Because the electrolytic action of aqueous electrolyte liquid, in the anolyte compartment, generate acidic aqueous solution-anolyte, and in cathode compartment, generate alkaline aqueous solution-catholyte, carry out selective migration from the salt ion in the aqueous solution by ion-exchange membrane, enter concentration compartments and cathode compartment respectively from diluting compartment, guarantee the desalination of the aqueous solution with this.Discharge concentrated solution from the concentration compartments.Discharge the aqueous solution of desalination from diluting compartment.Meanwhile, discharge anolyte, discharge catholyte from cathode compartment from the anolyte compartment.Simultaneously, because the aqueous solution is destroyed at electroneutrality condition, its alkalitropism direction is moved, the result generates the settling of difficulty soluble salt gradually on ion-exchange membrane and cathode surface, and final completely destroy under electrolytic condition the demineralising process of initial condition solution.
In order to recover desalination ability, electrodialyzer is quit work, so that settling is wherein disposed to solution.Its method is that the polarity of two electrodes is changed mutually, to carry out electrochemical dissolution, simultaneously will be from diluting compartment and concentration compartments effusive pressurised stream conversion and simultaneously with acidified aqueous solution so that the pH value of aqueous solution in the diluting compartment is in 0.5 to 1 the scope.Simultaneously acidified aqueous solution is discharged from diluting compartment.
This method has low productivity to the demineralising process of the aqueous solution, this is will constantly not carry out the synthetic of acid (proton) and make the acid of generation enter diluting compartment and cathode compartment quantitatively and diffuse into the concentration compartments thereupon in the anolyte compartment of this electrodialyzer because predict, therefore must electrodialyzer be quit work, so that remove the indissoluble settling.Simultaneously, need to consume extra energy at sedimental electrochemical dissolution with in its process of from the chamber, place, removing away.
Also have a kind of known method and used electrodialyzer (F.H.Meller, " Electrodialysis-Electrodialysis Reversal Technology ", IONICS, INCORPORATED, March 1984, P.53-56), this electrodialyzer comprises a housing, what this housing had an aqueous electrolyte liquid enters the pipe and the vent pipe of desalination solution, cationic exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane alternately are housed in the inner chamber of this housing, so just form the interior dress anodic anolyte compartment of arranging in order, the cell (comprising tactic concentration compartments and diluting compartment) that a pair of volume is less and the cathode compartment of interior dress negative electrode.The anolyte compartment is made of internal surface and first cationic exchange membrane of housing wall.At each the concentration compartments in the cell is made of the internal surface of cationic exchange membrane, housing wall and a side of anion-exchange membrane.At each the internal surface of the diluting compartment in the cell by another side, last cationic exchange membrane and the housing wall of anion-exchange membrane constituted.Cathode compartment is made of the side of last cationic exchange membrane and the internal surface of housing wall.In the anolyte compartment, there is an original aqueous electrolyte liquid to enter pipe and an anolyte vent pipe.In cathode compartment, also there is an initial condition solution to enter pipe and a catholyte vent pipe.In each diluting compartment, all there is an initial condition solution to enter pipe, two vent pipes, and also first velamen in these two vent pipes is predefined for the vent pipe of desalination solution, and second velamen is predefined for the vent pipe of concentrated solution.All have an initial condition solution to enter pipe, two vent pipes in each concentration compartments, and first velamen in these two vent pipes is predefined for the vent pipe of concentrated solution, second velamen is predefined for the vent pipe of desalination solution.In this electrodialyzer, also has a relay-set and the device that can make that polarity of electrode is reversed from the pressurised stream conversion of diluting compartment and concentration compartments.This electrodialyzer is worked as follows.The institute that aqueous electrolyte liquid is fed electrodialyzer has family.Then galvanic current is led to two electrodes.In anolyte compartment and cathode compartment, because electrolytic action correspondingly generates anolyte and catholyte.Realize the demineralising process of the aqueous solution at each in to the diluting compartment of cell, and in the concentration compartments, generate concentrated solution.Under the situation of closing two second vent pipes, from these cells, discharge the aqueous solution and the concentrated solution of desalination respectively by two first vent pipes then.In demineralising process, on positively charged ion and cathode ion exchange film, form the settling of difficulty soluble salt, its result reduces the specific production rate of aqueous solution demineralising process.In order to make electrodialyzer recover the desalination ability, a relay-set and the device that can make from the pressurised stream conversion of diluting compartment and concentration compartments that polarity of electrode is reversed is set.When polarity of electrode reversed, ion changed by the direction of motion of ion-exchange membrane.The sedimental electrochemical dissolution of difficulty soluble salt on the ion-exchange membrane takes place and forms a kind of transition solution in this moment, and this solution is discharged from each two chamber to cell.Close all first vent pipes then and open second vent pipe that connects diluting compartment and concentration compartments.This moment each to cell in, wherein have one to be originally that at this moment the cell that carries out aqueous solution desalination becomes the concentration compartments, another is originally that at this moment the cell that generates concentrated solution just plays the desalting of the aqueous solution.And the concentrated solution of this moment is discharged by second vent pipe with the aqueous solution of desalination.Repeat this process later on periodically.
This electrodialyzer has low specific production rate, and this is that electrodialyzer must quit work and cause owing to the settling of formation difficulty soluble salt on ion-exchange membrane with in order to remove the difficulty soluble salt settling.The sedimental generation of said difficulty soluble salt is damaged owing to electroneutrality condition and lacks the necessary quantitative acid of neutralization bases and make these acid enter diluting compartment and cathode compartment and diffuse into the concentration compartments and causes.Needing to consume settling that extra energy makes salt in addition in this electrodialyzer carries out electrochemical dissolution and make catholyte and anolyte is correspondingly discharged from cathode compartment and anolyte compartment.
Task of the present invention provides a kind of desalting method of aqueous electrolyte liquid and used electrodialyzer.This method can carry out synthesizing continuously of acid also making these acid enter diluting compartment and cathode compartment quantitatively thereupon and diffusing into the concentration compartments in the anolyte compartment with this electrodialyzer, and the specific production rate that improves aqueous solution demineralising process whereby also reduces the specific energy consumption of this process of realization simultaneously.
Being proposed of task is to solve like this, promptly in the desalting method of aqueous electrolyte liquid, aqueous electrolyte liquid is fed electrodialyzer, galvanic current is led to two electrodes and generates acidic aqueous solution by the electrolytic action of aqueous electrolyte liquid in the anolyte compartment, generate alkaline aqueous solution at cathode compartment simultaneously, and realization is from the selective migration of the salt ion of the aqueous solution, even it enters concentration compartments and cathode compartment by ion-exchange membrane from diluting compartment, guarantee the desalting of the aqueous solution whereby, from the concentration compartments, discharge concentrated solution at last, from electrodialyzer, discharge the aqueous solution of desalination, according to the present invention, the aqueous solution is fed the anolyte compartment of electrodialyzer, to sequentially be sent to diluting compartment and cathode compartment from the acidic aqueous solution of anolyte compartment, when the salt ion from acidic aqueous solution carries out selective migration, proton from acidic aqueous solution also carries out selective migration, salt ion and proton enter the concentration compartments and enter concentration compartments and cathode compartment from diluting compartment by ion-exchange membrane respectively from the anolyte compartment, meanwhile, from cathode compartment, discharge the aqueous solution of desalination, in this cathode compartment, excessive proton contained in the acidic aqueous solution is by equivalent hydroxide ion neutralization contained in the alkaline aqueous solution.Aqueous electrolyte liquid is directly being fed the anolyte compartment and after making current, on anode, carry out electrochemical synthesis, produce the rationed and diffusion of proton thereupon, the condition that these protons can guarantee in electrodialyzer and be kept can prevent to form and separate out the indissoluble settling on ion-exchange membrane, carry out electrochemical dissolution when removing settling with regard to avoiding in order to reverse like this by polarity of electrode, electrodialyzer is quit work, perhaps adopt the method from the outside acid is added electrodialyzer to remove settling, just do not need to consume the extra aqueous solution and remove settling in the washing chamber.So just can improve the specific production rate of aqueous solution demineralising process and be reduced to the required specific energy consumption of this process of realization simultaneously.
Preferably when the aqueous solution was fed the anolyte compartment, current density was in accordance with regulations led to two electrodes with galvanic current, equaled 3 or lower to guarantee the pH value in the concentration compartments.
This method can not be destroyed the electroneutrality condition of the aqueous solution and its alkalitropism direction is shifted, and this just can prevent to separate out the settling with the difficulty soluble salt form on the ion-exchange membrane surface, and the demineralising process of the aqueous solution is carried out continuously.And this method can improve the specific production rate of aqueous solution demineralising process and be reduced to the required specific energy consumption of this process of realization simultaneously.
When the pH value of indication acidity greater than 3 the time, the current values that can observe in the electrodialyzer descends gradually, its reason is the alkali that generates with neutralization owing to synthetic acid quantity not sufficient, and correspondingly causes separating out gradually settling and make this process forfeiture desalination ability on ion-exchange membrane.
Task proposed by the invention can also solve like this, promptly in this electrodialyzer, comprise a housing, this housing has the aqueous solution and enters pipe and desalination solution vent pipe, in the cavity of this housing, cationic exchange membrane and anion-exchange membrane alternately are housed, form tactic interior dress anodic anolyte compartment whereby, the cathode compartment of cell that a pair of volume is less and interior dress negative electrode, said anolyte compartment is made of the internal surface and the cationic exchange membrane of housing wall, said a pair of cell comprises tactic concentration compartments and diluting compartment, this concentration compartments has the concentrated solution vent pipe, it is by cationic exchange membrane, a side of the internal surface of housing wall and anion-exchange membrane constitutes, and said diluting compartment is by another side of said anion-exchange membrane, the internal surface of housing wall and cationic exchange membrane constitute, said cathode compartment is made of the internal surface of cationic exchange membrane and housing wall, according to the present invention, an aqueous solution is housed in the anolyte compartment enters pipe, and a passage is set in each concentration compartments to cell, by means of two cells of this channel connection, and this concentration compartments just is between these two cells, is equipped with simultaneously one and has had a hole on desalination solution vent pipe and the cationic exchange membrane in cathode compartment in cathode compartment.
An aqueous solution is housed in the anolyte compartment to be entered pipe and a passage is set in each concentration compartments, a desalination solution vent pipe and have an aperture on the cationic exchange membrane of cathode compartment is housed in cathode compartment, take these measures to carry out the synthetic continuously of acid from indoor, and the acid that is generated then enter other each chambers in the electrodialyzer quantitatively at the sun of electrodialyzer.So just can improve the specific production rate of aqueous solution demineralising process and be reduced to the required specific energy consumption of this process of realization simultaneously.
Why the present invention can improve the specific production rate of aqueous solution demineralising process and be reduced to the required specific energy consumption of this process of realization simultaneously, this is owing to need electrodialyzer being quit work for the settling of removing on the ion-exchange membrane in demineralising process, also owing to the synthetic continuously and acid that generated that acid takes place enters diluting compartment and cathode compartment quantitatively and diffuses into the concentration compartments thereupon, so just prevent from ion-exchange membrane, to form settling simultaneously in the anolyte compartment.
The present invention can avoid forming settling, and therefore avoids so just having solved being proposed of task owing to washing the waste water that settling produces, and promptly sets up a kind of purification process that meets the ecological aqueous solution desalination that requires.
The present invention can also reduce the specific energy consumption index and the weight/power ratio index of unit product, this be since aqueous electrolyte liquid reduced during sequentially by each chamber hydraulic losses and need be in order not remove settling in the electrodialyzer consumed energy.
The specific embodiment and the accompanying drawing that will pass through below to be finished are explained the present invention, wherein,
Fig. 1 illustrates the structure longitudinal section synoptic diagram of electrodialyzer of the present invention, and this electrodialyzer comprises a concentration compartments and a diluting compartment;
Fig. 2 illustrates an axle with electrodialyzer of three pairs of cells and surveys longitudinal diagram.
A kind of aqueous electrolyte liquid desalting method that contains sodium-chlor, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate and sal epsom, lime carbonate and magnesiumcarbonate that makes comprises, with the aqueous solution feed in the electrodialyzer by housing 1(Fig. 1,2) in the cavity that constitutes of the internal surface of wall.Ion- exchange membrane 2,3,4 is housed in the cavity of housing 1.The aqueous solution is fed anolyte compartment 5.Feed galvanic current to two electrodes then, the electrolytic action of aqueous electrolyte liquid takes place and correspondingly generates acidic aqueous solution in this moment in anolyte compartment 5.Acidic aqueous solution 5 enters diluting compartment 7 via the passage that passes concentration compartments 6 from the anolyte compartment, salt ion and proton diffuse into concentration compartments 6 by ion-exchange membrane 3,4 under galvanic action herein, thereby realize the demineralising process of the aqueous solution and realize the concentration process of salt and the acidifying of concentrated solution in diluting compartment 7 in concentration compartments 6.
Proton shifting in the acidic aqueous solution also takes place simultaneously, and these protons 5 enter first concentration compartments 6 by cationic exchange membrane 2 from the anolyte compartment.From the proton of first diluting compartment 7 next concentration compartments 6 of can not moving into.The aqueous solution from last diluting compartment 7 enters cathode compartment 8, realize under galvanic action that herein aqueous electrolysis and generation enter the alkali (hydroxide ion) of acid (proton) desired number in the cathode compartment 8 with acidic aqueous solution in order to neutralize, desalination solution is discharged from cathode compartment 8 then, and concentrated solution is discharged from concentration compartments 6.Current density in accordance with regulations feeds electric current to two electrodes, and this current density should be able to guarantee that the pH value in the concentration compartments 6 equals 3 or lower.When the pH value greater than 3 time acid neutralization bases fully just, its result causes forming settling also so reduce the specific production rate of aqueous solution demineralising process on ion- exchange membrane 2,3,4.
Following surface analysis is used for the electrodialyzer of aqueous electrolyte liquid desalting method.This electrodialyzer comprises rectangular seal casinghousing 1(Fig. 1), cationic exchange membrane 2, anion-exchange membrane 3 and cationic exchange membrane 4 alternately are housed in the cavity of this housing.Ion- exchange membrane 2,3,4 inner chambers with housing 1 are separated into anolyte compartment 5, concentration compartments 6, diluting compartment 7 and the cathode compartment of arranging in order 8.Anolyte compartment 5 is made of a side of the end wall inner surface of housing 1 and two side wall inner surfaces and cationic exchange membrane 2.In anolyte compartment 5, on the end wall inner surface of housing, be equipped with as anodic electrode 9, this anodic current feed 10 is outwards drawn and is connected with the positive pole of power supply 11.
In anolyte compartment 5, an opening 12 is set on the lower wall of housing, there is an aqueous solution to enter pipe 13 and is connected with opening 12 from the lower wall of housing 1 is outside.Concentration compartments 6 is made of two inside surface of side wall of housing 1, another side of cationic exchange membrane 2 and a side of anion-exchange membrane 3.In concentration compartments 6, an opening 14 is set on the lower wall of housing, the outside and opening 14 concentric are connected of a concentrated solution vent pipe 15 from housing 1 arranged.On the top of cationic exchange membrane 2 and anion-exchange membrane 3 opening is set all, connecting tube 16 is arranged at these two opening parts.The inner chamber of pipeline 16 is the passages that are communicated with anolyte compartment 5 and diluting compartment 7.Diluting compartment 7 is made of two side wall inner surfaces of housing 1, another side of anion-exchange membrane 3 and a side of cationic exchange membrane 4.An opening 17 that is communicated with diluting compartment 7 and cathode compartment 8 is set in the bottom of ion-exchange membrane.In cathode compartment 8, the electrode 18 as negative electrode is housed on the table in the end wall of housing 1, the current feed 19 of this negative electrode is outwards drawn and is connected with the negative pole of power supply 11.An opening 20 is set on the upper side wall of housing 1, it with one desalination solution vent pipe 21 be connected.Cathode compartment 8 is made of another side of two side wall inner surfaces of housing 1, end wall inner surface and cationic exchange membrane 4.Concentration compartments 6 and diluting compartment 7 constitute a pair of cell 22.Feed the aqueous solution by direction shown in the arrow A.Arrow B illustrates the direction of motion of the aqueous solution in the housing 1 of electrodialyzer.
By direction shown in the arrow C concentrated solution is discharged.Press the desalination solution discharge of direction shown in the arrow D.
Some symbols below in Fig. 1, also having:
H
+-proton
Na
+-sodium cation
Ca
2+-calcium positively charged ion
Cl
--cl anion
SO
2- 4-sulfate anion
OH
--hydroxide ion
Arrow at the charged to some extent ion symbol of the circle of arrow end acceptance of the bid illustrates this ionic direction of motion.
An electrodialyzer that wherein has three pairs of cells 22 shown in Figure 2.In other respects, the structure formation of the structure formation of electrodialyzer shown in Figure 2 and the electrodialyzer shown in Fig. 1 is similar.In first pair of cell 22, on the top of ion- exchange membrane 2,3 opening is set all, and pipe laying 16 correspondingly therein.In second pair of cell 22, in the bottom of ion- exchange membrane 2,3 opening is set all, and pipe laying 16 therein.In the 3rd pair of cell 22, an opening and pipe laying 16 therein are set all on the top of ion-exchange membrane 2,3.The pipeline 16 of She Zhiing can make the water solution flow by way of each cell 5,6,7,8 carry out uniform and orderly motion like this.
Electrodialyzer is worked as follows.
The desalination of aqueous electrolyte liquid is to utilize the aqueous solution successively by 5(Fig. 1 of anolyte compartment, 2), diluting compartment 7 and cathode compartment 8, realize by the aqueous solution of electrodialyzer and filter continuously.Initial condition solution is by entering pipe 13(Fig. 1) enter anolyte compartment 5.
Feed galvanic current by power supply 11 anode 9 and negative electrode 18 simultaneously, its current density should guarantee that the pH value in the concentration compartments equals 2.So just avoid on ion- exchange membrane 2,3, separating out the settling of difficulty soluble salt.The electrolytic action of the aqueous solution takes place in this moment on anode 9 under galvanic action in anolyte compartment 5, generate acid whereby, in Fig. 1 with proton H
+Form represent the acid that generated.
Then, sequentially enter diluting compartment 7 through piping 16 from the aqueous solution of acidifying of anolyte compartment 5, herein, from the Cl in the aqueous solution
-, SO
2-
4Ion diffuses into concentration compartments 6 by ion-exchange membrane 3 by diluting compartment 7 under the galvanic current effect.Meanwhile, from proton, the ion Na of anolyte compartment 5
+, Ca
2+Diffuse into concentration compartments 6 by ion-exchange membrane 2.Proton from diluting compartment 7 diffuses into cathode compartment 8 by ion-exchange membrane 4.Like this, owing to Cl from diluting compartment 7
-And SO
2-
4With from sun from the chamber 5 Na
+And Ca
2+Move and in concentration compartments 6, form concentrated solution, just realized the desalting of the aqueous solution.Concentrated solution is discharged from concentration compartments 6 by concentrated solution vent pipe 15 by the direction of arrow C.The acidifying aqueous solution enters cathode compartment 8 by the opening on the ion-exchange membrane 4 17, herein, realizes the electrolytic action of the aqueous solution under galvanic action, thereby generates and can the equivalent neutralization enter the hydroxide ion OH of the proton desired number in the cathode compartment 8
-Then, desalination solution is discharged from cathode compartment 8 by vent pipe 21.
Therefore, also then enter quantitatively in other chambers 6,7,8, so just improve the specific production rate of aqueous solution demineralising process and be reduced to the required specific energy consumption of this process of realization simultaneously owing in anolyte compartment 5, produce proton.Electrodialyzer shown in Figure 2 with three pairs of cells.The current density that feeds on anode 9 and the negative electrode 18 can guarantee that the pH value in the concentration compartments 6 equals 3.This is just avoided separating out the settling of difficulty soluble salt in ion-exchange 2,3.In electrodialyzer shown in Figure 2, the process that is taken place in the corresponding cell 5,6,7,8 in the similar electrodialyzer shown in Figure 1 of the process that in cell 6 and 7, cathode compartment 8 and last diluting compartment 7 of its anolyte compartment 5, first pair of cell 22, is taken place to cell 22.Diluting compartment 7(Fig. 2 from first pair of cell 22) acidic aqueous solution flows into the diluting compartment 7 of second pair of cell 22 by pipeline 16.Simultaneously, from the proton H of the diluting compartment 7 of first pair of cell 22
+, positively charged ion Na
+, Ca
2+Diffuse into the concentration compartments 6 of second pair of cell 22 by ion-exchange membrane 2.Negatively charged ion Cl from the diluting compartment 7 of second pair of cell 22
-And SO
2-
4Diffuse into this concentration compartments 6 by anion-exchange membrane 3 to cell 22.Then, enter the diluting compartment 7 of the 3rd pair of cell 22 by the pipeline 16 of the 3rd pair of cell 22 from the acidic aqueous solution of the diluting compartment 7 of second pair of cell 22.Proton H from the diluting compartment 7 of second pair of cell 22
+With positively charged ion Na
+, Ca
2+Diffuse into the concentration compartments 6 of the 3rd pair of cell 22 by cationic exchange membrane 2.And from the negatively charged ion Cl of the diluting compartment 7 of the 3rd pair of cell 22
-, SO
2-
4Diffuse into this concentration compartments 6 by anion-exchange membrane 3 to cell 22.The demineralising process of the aqueous solution taking place all each in to the diluting compartment 7 of cell 22, and produces concentrated solution like this in all concentration compartmentss 6.Concentrated solution is discharged by the concentrated solution vent pipe 15 of all concentration compartmentss 6.Desalination solution also resembles electrodialyzer shown in Figure 1 from cathode compartment 8(Fig. 2) discharge.
Therefore, because at 5(Fig. 1 of anolyte compartment, 2) in carry out acid (proton H
+) continuously synthetic, and these acid then enter diluting compartment 7 and cathode compartment 8 quantitatively and diffuse into concentration compartments 6, just avoid on ion- exchange membrane 2,3, forming the settling of difficulty soluble salt, thereby improve the specific production rate of aqueous solution demineralising process and be reduced to the required specific energy consumption of this process of realization simultaneously.
Claims (3)
1, the desalting method of aqueous electrolyte liquid, this method comprises, aqueous electrolyte liquid is fed in the electrodialyzer, feed galvanic current to two electrodes, meanwhile, because the electrolytic action of the aqueous solution, in anolyte compartment (5), generate acidic aqueous solution, and in cathode compartment (8), generate alkaline aqueous solution, pass through ion-exchange membrane (2) from the salt ion in the aqueous solution, (3), (4) carry out selective migration, they correspondingly enter concentration compartments (6) and cathode compartment (8) respectively by diluting compartment (7), so just guarantee the demineralising process of the aqueous solution, from concentration compartments (6), discharge concentrated solution simultaneously, from electrodialyzer, discharge desalination solution, it is characterized in that, aqueous electrolyte liquid is fed the anolyte compartment (5) of electrodialyzer, and enter diluting compartment (7) and cathode compartment (8) successively from the acidic aqueous solution of anolyte compartment (5), when carrying out selective migration from the salt ion in the acidic aqueous solution, proton from acidic aqueous solution also carries out selective migration, these salt ions and proton pass through corresponding ion-exchange membrane (2) respectively by anolyte compartment (5), (3), (4) enter concentration compartments (6) and diluting compartment (7) and cathode compartment (8), from cathode compartment (8), discharge desalination solution simultaneously, in this cathode compartment, the excessive proton in the acidic aqueous solution is neutralized from the equivalent hydroxide ion in the alkaline aqueous solution.
2, the desalting method of the aqueous solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the aqueous solution being fed anolyte compartment (5), current density in accordance with regulations feeds galvanic current to two electrodes, equals 3 or lower to guarantee the pH value in the concentration compartments (6).
3, electrodialyzer, it comprises housing (1), this housing has the aqueous solution and enters pipe (13) and desalination solution vent pipe (21), cationic exchange membrane (2) alternately is housed in the inner chamber of housing, (4) and anion-exchange membrane (3), form the anolyte compartment (5) of the interior dress anode of arranging in order (9) whereby, the a pair of cell (22) that volume is less and the cathode compartment (8) of interior dress negative electrode (18), said anolyte compartment (5) is made of the internal surface and the cationic exchange membrane (2) of housing (1) wall, said a pair of cell (22) comprises tactic concentration compartments (6) and diluting compartment (7), said concentration compartments (6) has concentrated solution vent pipe (15), it is by cationic exchange membrane (2), a side of the internal surface of housing (1) wall and anion-exchange membrane (3) constitutes, said diluting compartment (7) is by another side of described anion-exchange membrane (3), the internal surface of housing (1) wall and cationic exchange membrane (4) constitute, said cathode compartment (8) is made of the internal surface of cationic exchange membrane (4) and housing (1) wall, it is characterized in that, the aqueous solution is housed in anolyte compartment (5) enters pipe (13), and a passage is set all in each concentration compartments to cell (22) (6), by this passage anolyte compartment (5) are communicated with each each cell (7) to cell (22), said concentration compartments (6) just is arranged between per two cells (7), simultaneously desalination solution vent pipe (21) is housed in cathode compartment (8), and an opening (17) is set on the cationic exchange membrane in this cathode compartment (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU894739305A SU1757725A1 (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Method and membrane apparatus for reducing salt content of aqueous solutions |
| SU4739305 | 1989-09-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1051337A true CN1051337A (en) | 1991-05-15 |
Family
ID=21470686
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN90108560A Pending CN1051337A (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1990-09-28 | The desalting method of aqueous electrolyte liquid and electrodialyzer |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1051337A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6511290A (en) |
| GR (1) | GR900100696A (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1757725A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991004782A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1301916C (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2007-02-28 | 栗田工业株式会社 | Electric deionizer |
| CN100415350C (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2008-09-03 | 瓦藤福尔股份公司 | Boron separation and recovery |
| CN101108194B (en) * | 2007-06-30 | 2010-12-01 | 广西壮族自治区化工研究院 | Method of eliminating sodium chloride in iron-dextran complex compound water solution and device thereof |
| CN101671403B (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-06-15 | 北京威德生物科技有限公司 | Desalination method of aqueous extract of canada potato or chicory by electrodialysis method |
| CN105233696A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-01-13 | 天津大学 | Continuous graphite oxide purifying method and electrodialysis experiment facility adopted by method |
| CN106139926A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-23 | 合肥工业大学 | Polyelectrolyte composite membrane, its preparation method and the method for diffusion dialysis desalination |
| CN106458652A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-02-22 | 麻省理工学院 | Method and apparatus for partially desalinating produced water to form extraction fluid used for fossil fuel extraction |
| CN107522268A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-29 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | It is a kind of to be used for water process, the device and its separation method of feed separation |
| CN113399004A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-17 | 佛山市云米电器科技有限公司 | Ion exchange system for liquid stream treatment |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2682045B1 (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1993-12-10 | Elf Aquitaine Prod Ste Nale | RECOVERY OF APROTIC POLAR SOLVENTS FROM THEIR AQUEOUS SALINE SOLUTIONS. |
| GB2265633B (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1995-07-19 | Aquamin Co Ltd | Electrodialyzer |
| DE4324668A1 (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1995-01-26 | Hans Guenter Mueller | Process for the desalination of salt solutions and electrodialyzer for its implementation |
| WO1995006513A1 (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-03-09 | Finke, Gretel | Electrodialysis process and device |
| WO1998017590A1 (en) * | 1996-10-23 | 1998-04-30 | Aquatronics, Inc. | Electrodialyzer and process for desalination |
| CN106345304A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-01-25 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Cathodic solution protection type electrodialysis device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL238883A (en) * | 1958-05-13 | |||
| US3341441A (en) * | 1964-01-07 | 1967-09-12 | Ionics | Method for preventing scale buildup during electrodialysis operation |
| US4115225A (en) * | 1977-07-22 | 1978-09-19 | Ionics, Inc. | Electrodialysis cell electrode reversal and anolyte recirculation system |
| US4465573A (en) * | 1981-05-12 | 1984-08-14 | Hare Harry M O | Method and apparatus for the purification of water |
-
1989
- 1989-09-29 SU SU894739305A patent/SU1757725A1/en active
-
1990
- 1990-06-05 AU AU65112/90A patent/AU6511290A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-05 WO PCT/SU1990/000143 patent/WO1991004782A1/en unknown
- 1990-09-14 GR GR900100696A patent/GR900100696A/en unknown
- 1990-09-28 CN CN90108560A patent/CN1051337A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1301916C (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2007-02-28 | 栗田工业株式会社 | Electric deionizer |
| CN100415350C (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2008-09-03 | 瓦藤福尔股份公司 | Boron separation and recovery |
| CN101108194B (en) * | 2007-06-30 | 2010-12-01 | 广西壮族自治区化工研究院 | Method of eliminating sodium chloride in iron-dextran complex compound water solution and device thereof |
| CN101671403B (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-06-15 | 北京威德生物科技有限公司 | Desalination method of aqueous extract of canada potato or chicory by electrodialysis method |
| CN106458652A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-02-22 | 麻省理工学院 | Method and apparatus for partially desalinating produced water to form extraction fluid used for fossil fuel extraction |
| CN105233696A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-01-13 | 天津大学 | Continuous graphite oxide purifying method and electrodialysis experiment facility adopted by method |
| CN106139926A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-23 | 合肥工业大学 | Polyelectrolyte composite membrane, its preparation method and the method for diffusion dialysis desalination |
| CN106139926B (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2019-03-22 | 合肥工业大学 | The method of polyelectrolyte composite membrane, preparation method and diffusion dialysis desalination |
| CN107522268A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-29 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | It is a kind of to be used for water process, the device and its separation method of feed separation |
| CN113399004A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-17 | 佛山市云米电器科技有限公司 | Ion exchange system for liquid stream treatment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SU1757725A1 (en) | 1992-08-30 |
| GR900100696A (en) | 1992-01-20 |
| WO1991004782A1 (en) | 1991-04-18 |
| AU6511290A (en) | 1991-04-28 |
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