CN105126855A - ZnO/ZnFe2O4/C nano-structure hollow spheres and preparation method of same - Google Patents
ZnO/ZnFe2O4/C nano-structure hollow spheres and preparation method of same Download PDFInfo
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- CN105126855A CN105126855A CN201510412673.2A CN201510412673A CN105126855A CN 105126855 A CN105126855 A CN 105126855A CN 201510412673 A CN201510412673 A CN 201510412673A CN 105126855 A CN105126855 A CN 105126855A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ZnO/ZnFe2O4/C nano-structure hollow sphere. A shell of the hollow sphere is formed by a ZnO/ZnFe2O4 layer and a C layer from interior to exterior, wherein the thickness of each layer is less than 10 nm. In the invention, the ZnO/ZnFe2O4/C nano-structure hollow sphere is prepared through a template adsorption method and through the steps of step-by-step adsorption, subsequent hydrothermal treatment and annealing treatment and the like. The ZnO/ZnFe2O4/C nano-structure hollow sphere has a regular core-shell structure and is controllable in the thickness of each layer. The grain size of ZnO and ZnFe2O4 is 6-10 nm. The hollow sphere is good in crystallization property and is more than 200 m<2>/g in specific surface area. The method is simple, is low in cost, is advantaged in industrial production, and has excellent application value in the fields of lithium ion batteries, super capacitors, gas sensors, photo-catalytic decomposition to produce hydrogen and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nano-hollow ball and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The crisis that facing mankind coal, oil equal energy source are increasingly exhausted, finds the attention that new alternative energy source has obtained various countries.Solar energy is inexhaustible, the nexhaustible energy, and scientists is also for being transformed into solar energy storable electric energy, chemical energy and effort.Photocatalytic hydrogen production by water decomposition is the preferred approach of solar energy chemical conversion, because Hydrogen Energy has the incomparable advantage of other energy such as clean, safe, efficient as secondary energy sources.Climate change, fuel cell technology and the environmental problem become increasingly conspicuous have promoted the generation of " hydrogen economy ", replace or partly replace the direction that existing energy supply will become mankind's effort with hydrogen.At present, fossil fuel hydrogen manufacturing is industrial main path, and the whole world has the hydrogen of more than 95% to be manufactured by fossil fuel.Although the existing technical maturity of fossil resource hydrogen manufacturing, production cost is also lower, but resource-constrained and non-renewable, while acquisition hydrogen, in air, discharge a large amount of GHG carbon dioxide, will the two fold problem of shortage of resources and environment deterioration be faced with fossil resource hydrogen manufacturing.In the long run, this does not meet the needs of sustainable development.Therefore, utilize regenerative resource hydrogen manufacturing from non-fossil fuel, comprise biological hydrogen production, solar energy photocatalytic decomposing hydrogen-production and renewable energy power generation water electrolysis hydrogen production, it is one of effective way solving national energy security and environmental problem, wherein utilize solar energy photocatalytic hydrogen production by water decomposition, cause the extensive attention of countries in the world in recent years.
In semi-conducting material photocatalysis system, zinc oxide (ZnO) because have that photocatalytic activity is high, electron transfer rate is fast, the advantage such as nontoxic, low price is considered to very promising catalysis material.But due to the internal flaw of zinc oxide (ZnO) and the cause of intrinsic compound, make photo-generate electron-hole after generation, have the photo-generate electron-hole directly and surface pairings compound inner at semiconductor close to 90%, instead of with water and pollutant effect.Which results in the waste of most photo-generate electron-hole, greatly limit the utilization to solar energy.Therefore, impel being separated of light induced electron and hole, suppress its compound, thus improve quantum efficiency, to make full use of solar energy, the stability improving photochemical catalyst is the key problem of modern photocatalysis field.At present, there is the modification technology of several conventional semiconductor light-catalysts, mainly comprise the compound etc. of doped transition metal ions and semiconductor light-catalyst.Among this, first two is owing to using a lot of yttrium, so receive the restriction of cost and resource reserve.It is because composite generally can form hetero-junctions that composite photocatalyst material has excellent performance than single catalysis material.Hetero-junctions is composited by heteroepitaxial growth by two kinds of different semi-conducting materials usually, produces the built in field that electron hole can be impelled to be separated because it is inner, so promoting that photo-generate electron-hole is separated the physicochemical property with uniqueness.Zinc ferrite (ZnFe
2o
4) there is photocatalytic activity at the bottom of quality fine paper and excellent, good type-can be formed with zinc oxide
heterojunction structure, can realize effective separation of photo-generate electron-hole effectively, thus improves photocatalysis efficiency.
In addition, studied discovery in recent years, amorphous carbon and catalysis material compound can be improved catalysis material photocatalysis efficiency under visible light effectively.
But, up to the present, ZnO/ZnFe prepared by people
2o
4hetero-junctions is all in micron level, although the separation that light induced electron vacancy is right can be improved, but owing to being far smaller than the size of this material with the size of hetero-junctions, therefore most of light induced electron vacancy to or can compound in vivo, therefore we need the urgent hetero-junctions preparing nano-scale, especially be less than the hetero-junctions of 10 nanometers, improve the right separation of light induced electron vacancy further.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of specific area is large, photocatalysis efficiency is high and the simple ZnO/ZnFe of preparation method
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball and preparation method thereof.
ZnO/ZnFe of the present invention
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball, the spherical shell of this hollow ball is from inside to outside followed successively by ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4layer and amorphous carbon layer, every layer thickness is all below 10 nanometers; ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4znO crystal grain and ZnFe in layer
2o
4nano heterojunction is formed, ZnO and ZnFe between crystal grain
2o
4crystallite dimension in 6 ~ 10 nanometers, the diameter of described hollow ball is 80 ~ 600 nanometers.
Prepare above-mentioned ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4the method of/C nano structure hollow ball, comprises the steps:
1) Zn ion is adsorbed: zinc nitrate is joined DMF(N, dinethylformamide) in, preparation Zn ion concentration is the Zn ionic adsorption liquid of 0.01 ~ 0.1M, spherical template surface with carboxyl and hydroxyl joins in above-mentioned solution, and make spherical template content be 5g/L ~ 50g/L, ultrasonic 0.5h ~ 1h makes spherical template fully disperse, suction filtration after stirring and adsorbing 12 ~ 36h, and with ethanol washing, afterwards the sample of acquisition is placed in 50 ~ 90 DEG C of baking ovens, dry 6 ~ 24h; Spherical template described above is carbon ball, PS ball or SiO
2ball;
2) Fe ion is adsorbed: joined by ferric nitrate in DMF, preparation Fe ion concentration is the Fe ionic adsorption liquid of 0.001 ~ 0.01M, sample dried in step 1) is joined in Fe ionic adsorption liquid, ultrasonic 0.5h ~ 1h makes it fully disperse, centrifugal after stirring and adsorbing 4 ~ 12h, and with ethanol washing, afterwards the sample of acquisition is placed in 50 ~ 90 DEG C of baking ovens, dry 6 ~ 24h;
3) remove template: by step 2) in dried sample at 400 ~ 600 DEG C in air heat treatment 6 ~ 48h, to remove carbon ball template or PS ball template, obtain ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4nanostructured hollow ball; Or by step 2) in the sample that obtains of drying at 400 ~ 600 DEG C in air after heat treatment 6 ~ 48h, then at 60 ~ 100 DEG C, immerse concentration be keep 1 ~ 24h in the NaOH solution of 1 ~ 20M, to remove SiO
2ball template, obtains ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4two-layer nanostructured hollow ball;
4) add amorphous carbon layer: 10 ~ 50mg step 3) is obtained ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4it is in the D/W of 0.01 ~ 0.5M that nanostructured hollow ball joins 10 ~ 30mL concentration; ultrasonic 0.5h ~ 1h makes it fully disperse; be heated to 60 ~ 100 DEG C afterwards; under the condition stirred; by dry for water volatilization; the product obtained is heated to 400 ~ 600 DEG C under the protection of inert gas, and is incubated 6 ~ 48h, obtain ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball.
In the present invention, described surface has the preparation method of the spherical template of carboxyl and hydroxyl can with reference to Sun, X.; Li, Y.,
angewandteChemieInternationalEdition 2004, 43(29), 3827-3831, Lou, X.W.; Archer, L.A.; Yang, Z.,
advancedMaterials 2008, 20(21), 3987-4019 and Wang, D.; Hisatomi, T.; Takata, T.; Pan, C.; Katayama, M.; Kubota, J.; Domen, K.,
angewandteChemieInternationalEdition 2013, 52(43), 11252-11256.
In the present invention, utilize template, first adsorb Zn ion, adsorb Fe ion more afterwards, while template is removed in heat treatment, zinc oxide and iron oxide can generate zinc ferrite, and the zinc ferrite reacting remaining zinc oxide and generation just defines hetero-junctions.Afterwards again at ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4surface deposition one deck glucose of nanostructured hollow ball, under the protection of inert gas, heat treatment glucose will become amorphous carbon, thus obtains ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: ZnO/ZnFe of the present invention
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball, by ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4layer and C layer are closely formed, and the thickness of every layer is all below 10 nanometers, and hollow ball diameter is 80 ~ 600 nanometers, ZnO and ZnFe
2o
4crystallite dimension in 6 ~ 10 nanometers, amorphous carbon layer can be used as electron transfer layer and protective layer, and hollow ball crystal property of the present invention is good, and specific area is greater than 200m
2/ g.Method of the present invention is simple, cost is lower, achieves ZnO, ZnFe
2o
4effective compound with C, avoids the compound in light induced electron and hole, is conducive to being separated of light induced electron and hole, thus improves the photocatalysis performance of material.Meanwhile, this material also can be used in lithium ion battery, gas catalysis and gas sensing, and corresponding its performance of raising.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4the XRD diffraction picture of nanostructured hollow ball.
Fig. 2 is ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4the SEM picture of/C nano structure hollow ball.
Fig. 3 is ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4the TEM picture of/C nano structure hollow ball.
Fig. 4 is ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4the N of/C nano structure hollow ball
2adsorption-desorption curve.
Fig. 5 is ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4the photocatalysis performance figure of/C nano structure hollow ball.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
(1) join in the DMF of 100mL by 2.97g zinc nitrate hexahydrate, preparation concentration is the solution of the Zn ion of 0.1M.Join in above-mentioned solution by 5g carbon ball, ultrasonic 1h makes carbon ball fully disperse, suction filtration after stirring and adsorbing 36h, and washes twice with ethanol, afterwards the sample of acquisition is placed in 90 DEG C of baking ovens, dry 24h;
(2) join in the DMF of 100mL by 0.404g nine water ferric nitrate, preparation concentration is the solution of the Fe ion of 0.01M.Join in above-mentioned solution by the sample obtained after drying in step (1), ultrasonic 1h makes it fully disperse, centrifugal after stirring and adsorbing 12h, and washes twice with ethanol, afterwards the sample of acquisition is placed in 90 DEG C, dry 24h;
(3) by the sample that obtains after drying in step (2) at 600 DEG C in air heat treatment 48h, to remove carbon ball template, obtain ZnO/ZnFe simultaneously
2o
4nanostructured hollow ball; Its XRD collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 1;
(4) ZnO/ZnFe of 50mg will obtained in step (3)
2o
4it is in the D/W of 0.5M that nanostructured hollow ball joins 30mL concentration, and ultrasonic 1h makes it fully disperse, and is heated to 100 DEG C afterwards, under the condition stirred, by dry for water volatilization.Finally the product obtained is heated to 600 DEG C under the protection of inert gas, and is incubated 48h, can ZnO/ZnFe be obtained
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball.
The ZnO/ZnFe that this example is obtained
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball is by ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4layer and C layer are closely formed, and the thickness of its every layer spherical shell is all below 10 nanometers, and hollow ball diameter is 80 ~ 600 nanometers, ZnO and ZnFe
2o
4average grain size at 6 ran, crystal property is good, itself SEM and TEM as shown in Figure 2,3, its N
2adsorption-desorption curve as shown in Figure 4, can find out that this hollow ball specific area is greater than 200m
2/ g.Fig. 5 is this hollow ball structure and pure ZnO, pure ZnFe
2o
4the photocatalysis performance comparison diagram of hollow ball, can find out that the hollow ball photocatalysis performance of structure of the present invention is apparently higher than another two kinds of structures.
Embodiment 2
(1) join in the DMF of 100mL by 0.297g zinc nitrate hexahydrate, preparation concentration is the solution of the Zn ion of 0.01M.Joined by 0.5gPS ball in above-mentioned solution, ultrasonic 0.5h makes PS ball fully disperse, suction filtration after stirring and adsorbing 12h, and washes twice with ethanol, afterwards the sample of acquisition is placed in 50 DEG C of baking ovens, dry 6h;
(2) join in the DMF of 100mL by 0.0404g nine water ferric nitrate, preparation concentration is the solution of the Fe ion of 0.001M.Join in above-mentioned solution by the sample obtained after drying in step (1), ultrasonic 0.5h makes it fully disperse, centrifugal after stirring and adsorbing 4h, and washes twice with ethanol, afterwards the sample of acquisition is placed in 50 DEG C, dry 6h;
(3) by the sample that obtains after drying in step (2) at 400 DEG C in air heat treatment 6h, to remove PS ball template, obtain ZnO/ZnFe simultaneously
2o
4nanostructured hollow ball;
(4) ZnO/ZnFe of 10mg will obtained in step (3)
2o
4it is in the D/W of 0.01M that nanostructured hollow ball joins 10mL concentration, and ultrasonic 0.5h makes it fully disperse, and is heated to 60 DEG C afterwards, under the condition stirred, by dry for water volatilization.Finally the product obtained is heated to 400 DEG C under the protection of inert gas, and is incubated 6h, can ZnO/ZnFe be obtained
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball.
Embodiment 3
(1) join in the DMF of 100mL by 1.485g zinc nitrate hexahydrate, preparation concentration is the solution of the Zn ion of 0.05M.By 3gSiO
2ball joins in above-mentioned solution, and ultrasonic 0.75h makes SiO
2ball fully disperses, suction filtration after stirring and adsorbing 24h, and washes twice with ethanol, afterwards the sample of acquisition is placed in 70 DEG C of baking ovens, dry 18h;
(2) join in the DMF of 100mL by 0.202g nine water ferric nitrate, preparation concentration is the solution of the Fe ion of 0.005M.Join in above-mentioned solution by the sample obtained after drying in step (1), ultrasonic 0.75h makes it fully disperse, centrifugal after stirring and adsorbing 8h, and washes twice with ethanol, afterwards the sample of acquisition is placed in 70 DEG C, dry 18h;
(3) by the sample that obtains after drying in step (2) at 500 DEG C in air heat treatment 28h, immersing concentration afterwards is again keep 12h in the NaOH solution of 10M, to remove SiO
2ball template, obtains ZnO/ZnFe simultaneously
2o
4nanostructured hollow ball;
(4) ZnO/ZnFe of 30mg will obtained in step (3)
2o
4it is in the D/W of 0.2M that nanostructured hollow ball joins 20mL concentration, and ultrasonic 0.75h makes it fully disperse, and is heated to 80 DEG C afterwards, under the condition stirred, by dry for water volatilization.Finally the product obtained is heated to 500 DEG C under the protection of inert gas, and is incubated 12h, can ZnO/ZnFe be obtained
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball.
Claims (3)
1. a ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball, is characterized in that the spherical shell of this hollow ball is from inside to outside followed successively by ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4layer and amorphous carbon layer, every layer thickness is all below 10 nanometers; ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4znO crystal grain and ZnFe in layer
2o
4nano heterojunction is formed, ZnO and ZnFe between crystal grain
2o
4crystallite dimension in 6 ~ 10 nanometers, the diameter of described hollow ball is 80 ~ 600 nanometers.
2. prepare ZnO/ZnFe as claimed in claim 1
2o
4the method of/C nano structure hollow ball, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) Zn ion is adsorbed: joined by zinc nitrate in DMF, preparation Zn ion concentration is the Zn ionic adsorption liquid of 0.01 ~ 0.1M, spherical template surface with carboxyl and hydroxyl joins in above-mentioned solution, spherical template content is made to be 5g/L ~ 50g/L, ultrasonic 0.5h ~ 1h makes spherical template fully disperse, suction filtration after stirring and adsorbing 12 ~ 36h, and washs with ethanol, afterwards the sample of acquisition is placed in 50 ~ 90 DEG C of baking ovens, dry 6 ~ 24h; Spherical template described above is carbon ball, PS ball or SiO
2ball;
2) Fe ion is adsorbed: joined by ferric nitrate in DMF, preparation Fe ion concentration is the Fe ionic adsorption liquid of 0.001 ~ 0.01M, sample dried in step 1) is joined in Fe ionic adsorption liquid, ultrasonic 0.5h ~ 1h makes it fully disperse, centrifugal after stirring and adsorbing 4 ~ 12h, and with ethanol washing, afterwards the sample of acquisition is placed in 50 ~ 90 DEG C of baking ovens, dry 6 ~ 24h;
3) remove template: by step 2) in dried sample at 400 ~ 600 DEG C in air heat treatment 6 ~ 48h, to remove carbon ball template or PS ball template, obtain ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4nanostructured hollow ball; Or by step 2) in the sample that obtains of drying at 400 ~ 600 DEG C in air after heat treatment 6 ~ 48h, then at 60 ~ 100 DEG C, immerse concentration be keep 1 ~ 24h in the NaOH solution of 1 ~ 20M, to remove SiO
2ball template, obtains ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4two-layer nanostructured hollow ball;
4) add amorphous carbon layer: 10 ~ 50mg step 3) is obtained ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4it is in the D/W of 0.01 ~ 0.5M that nanostructured hollow ball joins 10 ~ 30mL concentration; ultrasonic 0.5h ~ 1h makes it fully disperse; be heated to 60 ~ 100 DEG C afterwards; under the condition stirred; by dry for water volatilization; the product obtained is heated to 400 ~ 600 DEG C under the protection of inert gas, and is incubated 6 ~ 48h, obtain ZnO/ZnFe
2o
4/ C nano structure hollow ball.
3. a ZnO/ZnFe as claimed in claim 1
2o
4the purposes of/C nano structure hollow ball, is characterized in that this nano-hollow ball can be used in lithium ion battery, gas catalysis, photocatalytic hydrogen production by water decomposition, photocatalytic pollutant degradation or gas sensing.
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CN105712393A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-29 | 西北工业大学 | Method for preparing zinc-oxide/simple-substance-carbon core-shell structure |
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CN101759146A (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2010-06-30 | 浙江师范大学 | Method for preparing ZnO/ZnFe2O4 compound nano hollow sphere |
CN102208637A (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2011-10-05 | 广州市香港科大霍英东研究院 | ZnFe2O4/C composite cathode material with hollow sphere structure and one-step preparation method thereof |
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CN101759146A (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2010-06-30 | 浙江师范大学 | Method for preparing ZnO/ZnFe2O4 compound nano hollow sphere |
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