CN1051245A - The method and apparatus of testing output pressure of detonator - Google Patents
The method and apparatus of testing output pressure of detonator Download PDFInfo
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- CN1051245A CN1051245A CN 90109527 CN90109527A CN1051245A CN 1051245 A CN1051245 A CN 1051245A CN 90109527 CN90109527 CN 90109527 CN 90109527 A CN90109527 A CN 90109527A CN 1051245 A CN1051245 A CN 1051245A
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Abstract
The method and apparatus of testing output pressure of detonator belongs to fire-working article test detection technique field.The present invention adopts the high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply, and low resistance pressure drag meter triggers the electrical resistivity survey utmost point, and anti-explosion container etc. is configured to test macro.Power to low resistance pressure drag meter in this system's high speed synchronizing pulse constant current, pulse when its trigger pip is taken from blasting cap detonation, the pressure drag meter is experienced the output of detonator end, forms the pressure simulation signal, delivers to digital memory again through microprocessor record and printout.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus of testing output pressure of detonator, belong to fire-working article test detection technique field.
The detonator output test technology has had large development in recent years, but does not still adapt to the method for testing of priming system output pressures such as various detonators and primacord fuse so far.The method of traditional measurement output pressure of detonator has two kinds: direct method and indirect method.Direct method is directly to observe the detonation power of detonator, as measuring the detonator end to the distance between the ignition face of explosive.Indirect method is to be exactly to pass through relatively, and the size of the mechanical work of doing during the judgement blasting cap detonation as detonator is placed on the stereotype, is ignited the indenture depth, size and shape on the back observation stereotype, with the size of doing mechanical work behind the method judgement blasting cap detonation relatively.Obviously the precision of these conventional test methodologies all can not satisfy modern firer's test request.
Fuller in 1964 and Price and people such as Brestein and Keough at first announced manganese-copper filament embed make in the C-7 resin disk dynamic high-pressure sensor (J, APPL, Phy, Vol 15.8,751; P1471), nineteen sixty-eight, 1970,1973, applicating physical magazines in 1974 were delivered the research report of some pressure drag methods again, particularly 1974, Voreck etc. utilize manganese-copper piezoresistance sensor to measure the output pressure of stab detonator, promoted the development of quantitative measurment output pressure of detonator, but this method stab detonator can only be used for measuring, and the detonator of other type can't be measured.
People such as Nichlas adopted the piezoelectric crystal pressure transducer in 1975, and the pressure of measuring in the shell case changes.(U.S. Pat 3886792).When the shell internal pressure changed, the piezoelectric crystal in the pressure transducer deformed, and just exports electric signal, and the pressure of measuring thus in the shell case changes, and about 50,000 PSi of its maximum pressure are equivalent to 0.3～0.4Gpa.But this pressure transducer can only the recording impulse width be the pressure simulation signal of millisecond magnitude, and several at least microseconds of response time can not be used for the measurement of microsecond magnitude pressure simulation signal.
Nineteen eighty-three, people such as Panl Engeler put into the head of shell case to the quartz piezoelectric crystal sensor, are used to carry out the pressure survey (U.S. Pat 4379405) of ballistic.This sensor also only is applicable to the measurement lower, the millisecond magnitude of pressure range, maximum pressure Pmax=3200bas ≈ 0.32Mpa.
People such as Martin adopted optical sensor in 1984, were used to measure the flame distribution speed (U.S. Pat 4434655) of black powder.This optical sensor only is applicable to velocity survey, and temporal resolution is very low.
Up to the present, also do not seen report the sensor that human the present invention relates to and the pressure of method of testing test detonator end output had abroad been arranged.
The seventies, the domestic manganese-copper piezoresistance technology that also begins one's study.The National University of Defense technology, technical method is pressed at research manganese-copper piezoresistance instrumentation in 901 of former Ministries of Nuclear Industry and explosion technique laboratory, Beijing university of technology, all is in leading domestic status.
Nineteen eighty-three Wu Guodong has introduced the output pressure that utilizes H type piezoresistance sensor to measure industrial detonating fuse, this is a kind of method of testing preferably, but, because what he adopted is the synchronous constant current source of making triggering of controllable silicon, the required triggered time long (about 4 μ s～6 μ s), thereby can't be used for the test of output pressures such as microsecond detonator, electric detonator and spark detonator.
In recent years, people such as Jia Quansheng adopt the method for punching earlier of giving again on the detonator wall, be contained near the initiating explosive triggering probe, guarantee that it is the synchronizing pulse constant current source of on-off element that pressure disturbance 4 μ s～6 μ S before arriving manganese-copper piezoresistance sensor trigger with controllable silicon, realization needs the measurement of the output pressure of detonator of high-speed synchronous.Obviously, this method of testing is relatively more dangerous, is impossible in factory and the popularization of detonator use department.
Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus of being convenient to measure various output pressure of detonator in order to overcome above-mentioned various shortcoming just.It has advantages such as applied widely, that precision is high, and is easy to use.It will further promote the detection of detonator fan-out capability, to accepted opinion valency development, and strive for that output pressure of detonator test system configurations that the present invention introduces becomes a kind of national standard of homemade detonator service check by qualitative comparison phase.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, utilizes the high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply, and small blasting container and high-speed figure memory are formed the manganin piezoresistive method test macro of triggering synchronous mode, measures the output pressure of various detonators.
Below by Fig. 1 and two kinds of represented typical output pressure of detonator test macros of Fig. 2, introduce equipment of the present invention and method of testing.
One, the equipment of testing output pressure of detonator, by the high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply, anti-explosion container, microprocessor, digital memory, printer is formed.Wherein the high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply has been applied for utility model patent, and microprocessor and digital memory and printer are known technology also, and having only anti-explosion container is the peculiar equipment of the present invention, now 3 is described in detail as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Anti-explosion container is called detonator fan-out capability explosive container again, and as seen from the figure, it is by anti-explosion set 205, and steel ball 207 and screw 208 are formed.1. anti-explosion set 205 usefulness Fine Steel Casting irons are made, its inwall bears the impact of blasting cap detonation fragmentation, wall thickness is not less than 5mm, its Lower Half thread segment is connected with base 201, the bottom interior wall columnar portion is equipped with O type rubber ring and seals, one aperture is arranged at the top, it is blocked by steel ball 207 before the blasting cap detonation, and this moment, screw 208 was screwed into the on the anti-explosion set 205, behind the blasting cap detonation, experiment container is placed on outdoor, unscrew screw 208, steel ball 207 no longer blocks anti-explosion set 205, can free with being threaded between the base 201, can clear up explosive container then, and new blast test specimen is installed.
The blast test specimen is by four pairs of lead-in wires 202, a slice manganese-copper piezoresistance meter 203, a pair of triggering rapier 204, tested detonator 206,209 and compositions such as pressure block 210 of detonator cover.
2. the wiring pedestal is by a steel base 201, is installed in four pairs of electrodes 211 on the annular laminated resin plate, article four, stub cable 212,214, four Q9 cable blocks 215 of 213, four laminated resin plates of two rubber o-rings and base plate 216(piece layer pressurizing resin plectane) etc. composition.Wherein electrode 211, edge offset plate 214 and cable block 215 all are to use the M3 screw retention on base 201, the annulus of installing electrodes 211 is just in time imbedded in the ring groove of base top, four pairs of electrodes are just in time aimed at four vertical through hole, between insulcrete 214 and the cable block 215 is to be threaded, cable 212 2 ends are welded to respectively on electrode and the Q9 cable block, and two O shape circles 213 directly are enclosed within two grooves of base 201.
Space between cable 12 and the base 201 is filled with epoxy resin, to prevent the leakage of explosion gas.Four pairs of electrodes on the base are connected with four pairs of electrodes of blast test specimen respectively, and its purposes is: a pair of primer detonator that is used for, a pair of connection triggering electrical resistivity survey utmost point, two pairs of four electrodes that are used to connect piezoresistance sensor of being used for.
The advantage of this small and exquisite explosive test container is: withstand voltage height, and good airproof performance, explosive sound is little, guarantees the security of output pressure of detonator explosion test, and has prevented that effectively the laboratory from suffering the pollution of explosion product; Thereby the output pressure of detonator explosive test can carry out near instrument and operating personnel, and the length of cable can shorten to about 1 meter, reduce distortion or the distortion of signal through cable transmission widely, guaranteed that again the output of pulsed constant current supply electric current reaches constant very soon.
Two, the method for testing output pressure of detonator.
1. this programme must adopt high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply, low resistance pressure drag meter, trigger the electrical resistivity survey utmost point (or electric probe), and length does not exceed one meter stub cable, sampling rate and is configured to be applicable to the test macro of measuring various output pressure of detonator more than or equal to the digital-storage oscillograph of 100MC and small size anti-explosion container etc.;
2. adopt the high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply to power in the test macro to low resistance pressure drag meter;
Housing expanded to the effect of the triggering electrical resistivity survey utmost point when 3. the trigger pip of high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply was taken from blasting cap detonation, or took from the pulse of microsecond utmost point blasting cap initiation;
4. the high frequency transmission line that uses undersized anti-explosion container and length not to exceed a meter guarantees that the constant current source output current reaches the constant time and do not exceed 0.5 μ s;
5. experience the output of detonator end on the pressure drag meter, form pressure simulation signal 9, deliver to digital memory 4, again by the microprocessor record and through the printer printout.
Because the kind difference of tested detonator, the sparking mode difference, the burst period of lighting a fire difference (generally by a few microsecond row a few tens of milliseconds) is so the mode difference of triggering synchronous.Get up to have two classes but conclude, microsecond level output pressure of detonator is measured and the Millisecond output pressure of detonator is measured.Method of testing below by two kinds of dissimilar detonators is described below respectively:
(1) spark formula or clearance-type microsecond detonator output pressure are measured.As shown in Figure 1, dual channel high speed synchronizing pulse constant current source 1 is in the synchronous working state; After pressing synchronous manual triggers button 6, two passage synchronous workings.Wherein the passage II is to piezoresistance sensor (being called for short " pressure drag meter ") output constant electric current 7, and the pressure drag meter is waited for the appearance of pressure disturbance.And the passage I is to being connected on the elementary power supply of high voltage pulse transformer on the output terminal; Above pulse high-voltage 8 primer detonators of secondary formation 5KV after several microseconds; Again after a microsecond, experience output (shock wave) effect of detonator end on the pressure drag meter, form pressure simulation signal 9, deliver to digital memory 4 then, by the microprocessor record and through the printer printout, typical pressure simulation signal as shown in Figure 4 again.
(2) its measuring method of detonator of detonating for other non-high voltages, as shown in Figure 2, as No. 8 electric detonators, flame detonator and stab detonators etc., shell expansion process when utilizing blasting cap detonation, make outer contacting generating rapier (or electric probe) conducting of pulsed constant current supply, guaranteed before pressure disturbance reaches the pressure drag meter about 1 μ s that constant current source is to the power supply of pressure drag meter, and reach constant electric current as soon as possible.In this case, be independently between each passage of high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply.Wherein the passage I is used for primer detonator; The passage II is used for pressure survey, and its current output terminal 11 links to each other with the pressure drag meter of measuring output pressure of detonator, its trigger end 12 and the triggering electrical resistivity survey utmost point 13(or the electric probe that are installed in detonator cylindrical shell middle part) join.Behind the button 10 of pressing the passage I, blasting cap detonation, rapier work, passage II constant current source is triggered and exports the constant electric current, and the pressure disturbance of blasting cap detonation acts on the pressure drag meter after several microseconds, pressure drag meter output pressure simulating signal 14.Then through microprocessor 3 record and printouts.The output pressure of detonator typical simulation signal that the output pressure of detonator test macro is write down as shown in Figure 5.
Effect of the present invention
Nearly all at home priming system manufacturing plant and research institute adopt stereotype indenture method check output pressure of detonator.213 institutes but are only applicable to stab detonator from the external output pressure of detonator test macro of having introduced.Output pressure of detonator method of testing proposed by the invention has successfully solved the diversified stationary problem that various output pressure of detonator are measured, thereby almost is applicable to all detonators, and makes the check of detonator fan-out capability move towards the quantitative stage by the qualitative stage.
Embodiment
The test macro that utilizes the present invention to propose can be finished output pressures such as various detonators or primacord fuse and measure, or finishes the strong measurement of dynamic high-pressure of other blasts and impact process.Introduce two examples: embodiment 1,8 below
#Detonator end output surge pressure is measured.
Igniting-the burst period of No. 8 detonators (industrial products) changes between 15～25ms randomly; In blast process, 2 μ s are arranged approximately from the end output strong shock wave that is expanded to of housing.Before the present invention success, the several years are many goes into to attempt to adopt traditional pressure drag method pressure measuring system and catches detonator end output pressure No. 8, has all failed.Technology provided by the invention has successfully solved this measurement.
Shown the configuration of No. 8 electric detonator end output pressure test macros illustrated in Figure 6ly.No. 8 detonators 16 among the figure: industrial goods, metal shell (or paper shell);
Anti-explosion container 2: see Fig. 3;
Detonator cover 18: square 20 * 20 * 15(or cylindrical φ 20 * 15), organic glass;
Insulation course 19: square sheet 25 * 25 * (0.5～1), organic glass;
Pressure drag meter 20:H type manganese-copper piezoresistance meter, paper tinsel is thick 0.02, and responsive part is long by 0.5～1, and is wide by 0.1～0.2;
Pressure block 21: square 30 * 30 * 10(or cylindrical φ 30 * 10) organic glass;
The permanent source 1 of high-speed synchronous pulse: dual channel high speed synchronizing pulse constant current source, model MH-4, performance is shown out in product description;
Digital-storage oscillograph 4: sampling rate is more than or equal to 100MC, as TEK2430A
Microcomputer 3:IMB PC/XT or IBM PC/AT;
Printer 5:24 pin;
Trigger rapier 13: make by 0.1～0.2mm high strength enamelled wire, see Fig. 3;
Transmission line: all high frequency transmission line SYV-50-2-2, characteristic impedance is 50 Ω, length does not exceed 1 meter
Manual triggers I passage, export nearly 9A electric current, No. 8 detonators central authorities duration and degree of heating is lighted a fire, and detonator is detonated after some milliseconds, and the blasting cap initiation rear casing expands, impel the triggering electrical resistivity survey utmost point conducting of II passage, II channel pulse constant current source is started working, and through about 0.2 μ s, pulsed constant current supply is powered to the pressure drag meter, through about 0.2 μ s, electric current reaches the arrival of constant wait shock wave effect again.Through about 2 μ s, detonation wave arrives the detonator end, and strong shock wave of very fast output again.This shock wave interacts with the responsive part of the piezoresistance sensor that dielectric protection layer is arranged, and forms the pressure simulation signal.This pressure simulation signal is presented to digital-storage oscillograph through transmission line, as TEK2430A.The simulated pressure signal that is write down is by microcomputer IBM PC/XT(or IBM PC/AT) handle, and by the printer hard copy.The typical record waveform of No. 8 detonator end output pressures is shown out in Fig. 2.From figure, need only interpretation and go out V.(when electric current reaches constant, responsive part two terminal voltages) and Δ V(are when the resistance R of responsive part.(when the resistance R of sensitivity part.Become R behind the pressurized
O+ Δ R, resistance increment Delta R correspondence voltage increases Δ V, then corresponding the maximal value of Δ V among the figure), the shock wave peak pressure Pmax width of cloth following formula of detonator end output calculates
Pmax=Δ V
O/ (V
OK) (No. 8 detonator end output surge pressure is 25～30Gpa in organic glass
-1)
K is the piezoresistance coefficient (0.02～0.03Gpa of manganese-copper piezoresistance meter in the formula
-1)
The LD1 detonator must be with detonating greater than the 4KV pulse high-voltage, and how getting rid of the 10KV left and right sides pulse voltage that detonates is one of tonometric gordian technique to the interference of pressure simulation signal.In addition, the output shock wave has only about 2 μ s from pulse high-voltage feed-in LD1 detonator to its detonation rearward end, and therefore premier also is one of gordian technique of catching the pressure simulation signal synchronously.Utilizing this invention to solve above binomial technology is to be relatively easy to.
Fig. 7 has schematically shown the configuration of LD1 spark electric detonator end output pressure test macro.
Among the figure
LD1 detonator 16: industrial goods;
Anti-explosion container 2: see Fig. 3;
Detonator cover 18: organic glass square 20 * 20 * 15(or cylindrical φ 20 * 15)
Insulation course 19: organic glass thin slice 25 * 25 * (0.5～1);
Pressure drag meter 20:H type manganese-copper piezoresistance meter, responsive part 0.2 * (0.6～1) * 0.02;
Pressure block 21: organic glass square 30 * 30 * 10(or cylindrical φ 30 * 10)
High-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply 1: model MH-4, binary channels;
Digital-storage oscillograph 4: sampling rate is more than or equal to 100MC, as TEK2430;
Microcomputer 3:IBM PC/XT or IMB PC/AT;
Printer 5:24 pin;
Transmission line: SYV-50-2-2 high frequency transmission line characteristic impedance 50 Ω, length does not exceed 1 meter;
Pulse transformer 22: air-core, elementary 50 circles, secondary 2000～2500 circles, internal diameter φ 30, external diameter φ 45.
Dual channel high speed synchronizing pulse constant current source is in the synchronous working state.After the manual triggers instruction was sent, I passage and II passage were worked simultaneously.2 logical present the constant electric current immediately to the pressure drag meter, wait for the arrival of the shock wave pressure disturbance of detonator end output.The I passage is also presented out immediately electric pulse.But this current impulse feed-in pulse transformer is elementary, and its secondary pulse high-voltage that induces about 10KV of the 2 μ s left and right sides, footpath causes its load LD1 blasting cap initiation.Through 1 μ s, shock wave is exported in thunder and end again, and its pressure disturbance acts on the responsive part of pressure drag meter soon, forms the pressure simulation signal.This pressure simulation signal sends digital-storage oscillograph to through high frequency cable, as TEK2430, notes the pressure simulation signal that is attended by constant current information.Carry out the communication between microcomputer IBM PC/XT and the digital-storage oscillograph then, at last result is deposited in floppy disk or printout.LD1 detonator end output pressure typical record is shown out in Fig. 1.The surge pressure of LD1 detonator end output is 12～15Gpa.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 measures the output pressure of detonator block diagram of system ()
Fig. 2 measures the output pressure of detonator block diagram of system (two)
Fig. 3 preventing bursting container structure figure
Fig. 4 measures the pressure drag method test macro typical record of spark electric detonator output pressure
Fig. 5 measures 8
#The pressure drag method test macro typical record of output pressure of detonator
Fig. 68
#Detonator end output pressure test macro
Fig. 7 LD1 spark electric detonator end output pressure test macro
Claims (4)
1, the equipment of testing output pressure of detonator, by the high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply, anti-explosion container, microprocessor, digital memory, printer is formed, it is characterized in that: anti-explosion container is by anti-explosion set 205, steel ball 207, screw 208, the wiring pedestal is formed, 1. the Lower Half thread segment of anti-explosion set is connected with base 201, the bottom interior wall columnar portion is equipped with U type rubber, and an aperture is arranged at the top of anti-explosion set, is blocked by steel ball 7, screw 208 is tightened on the anti-explosion set 205,2. the wiring pedestal is by base 201, be installed in 212, two rubber o-rings 213 of 211, four stub cables of four pairs of electrodes on the annular insulcrete, 214, four Q9 cable blocks 215 of four insulcretes and base plate 216 are formed.
2, the method for testing output pressure of detonator is characterized in that:
1. this programme must adopt high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply, low resistance pressure drag meter, trigger the electrical resistivity survey utmost point (or electric probe), and length does not exceed one meter stub cable, sampling rate and is configured to be applicable to the test macro of measuring various output pressure of detonator more than or equal to the digital-storage oscillograph of 100MC and small size anti-explosion container etc.;
2. adopt the high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply to power in the test macro to low resistance pressure drag meter;
Housing expanded to the effect of the triggering electrical resistivity survey utmost point when 3. the trigger pip of high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply was taken from blasting cap detonation, or took from the pulse of microsecond utmost point blasting cap initiation;
4. the high frequency transmission line that uses undersized anti-explosion container and length not to exceed a meter guarantees that the constant current source output current reaches the constant time and do not exceed 0.5 μ s;
5. experience the output of detonator end on the pressure drag meter, form pressure simulation signal 9, deliver to digital memory 4, again by the microprocessor record and through the printer printout.
3, the method for testing output pressure of detonator as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: said detonator is spark formula or clearance-type microsecond detonator, dual channel high speed synchronizing pulse constant current source 1 was in the synchronous working state when output pressure was measured, after pressing synchronous manual triggers button 6, two passage synchronous workings.Wherein the passage II is to piezoresistance sensor output constant electric current 7, and piezoresistance sensor is waited for the appearance of pressure disturbance.And the passage I is to being connected on the elementary power supply of high voltage pulse transformer on the output terminal; Above pulse high-voltage 8 primer detonators of secondary formation 5KV after several microseconds; After a microsecond, experience output (shock wave) effect of detonator end on the pressure drag meter again, form pressure simulation signal 9, deliver to digital memory 4 then, again by the microprocessor record and through the printer printout.
4, the method for testing output pressure of detonator as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: said detonator is the detonator that non-high pressure detonates, the output pressure measurement is a shell expansion process when utilizing blasting cap detonation, make outer contacting generating rapier (or electric probe) conducting of pulsed constant current supply, guaranteed before pressure disturbance reaches the pressure drag meter about 1 μ s, constant current source is powered to piezoresistance sensor, and reaches constant electric current as soon as possible.In this case, be independently between each passage of high-speed synchronous pulsed constant current supply.Wherein the passage I is used for primer detonator; The passage II is used for pressure survey, and its current output terminal 11 links to each other with the piezoresistance sensor of measuring output pressure of detonator, its trigger end 12 and the triggering electrical resistivity survey utmost point 13(or the electric probe that are installed in detonator cylindrical shell middle part) join.Behind the button 10 of pressing the passage I, blasting cap detonation, rapier work, passage II constant current source is triggered and exports the constant electric current, and the pressure disturbance of blasting cap detonation acts on piezoresistance sensor after several microseconds, piezoresistance sensor output pressure simulating signal 14.Then through microprocessor 3 record and printouts.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90109527 CN1034833C (en) | 1990-12-04 | 1990-12-04 | Method and equipment for testing output pressure of detonator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90109527 CN1034833C (en) | 1990-12-04 | 1990-12-04 | Method and equipment for testing output pressure of detonator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1051245A true CN1051245A (en) | 1991-05-08 |
| CN1034833C CN1034833C (en) | 1997-05-07 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90109527 Expired - Fee Related CN1034833C (en) | 1990-12-04 | 1990-12-04 | Method and equipment for testing output pressure of detonator |
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1990
- 1990-12-04 CN CN 90109527 patent/CN1034833C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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