CN105118676A - Novel dye-sensitized solar cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Novel dye-sensitized solar cell and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105118676A
CN105118676A CN201510442760.2A CN201510442760A CN105118676A CN 105118676 A CN105118676 A CN 105118676A CN 201510442760 A CN201510442760 A CN 201510442760A CN 105118676 A CN105118676 A CN 105118676A
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solar battery
dye sensitization
new dye
sensitization solar
conductive substrates
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李亮
田维
侍智伟
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel dye-sensitized solar cell (PN type), which regards an N-type semiconductor oxide TiO2 as a photo-anode and a P-type semiconductor oxide NiCo2O4 as a photo-cathode, absorbs light via N719 dye (di-tetrabutylammonium-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II)), and generates photo-induced electron-hole pairs, wherein the photo-anode is prepared by adopting a hydrothermal method, and the photo-cathode is prepared by adopting a water bath method. The novel dye-sensitized solar cell prepared by adopting the preparation method utilizes a high conduction band position of the TiO2 relative to redox potential of an electrolytic solution and a low valence band position of the NiCo2O4 relative to the redox potential of the electrolytic solution, an open-circuit voltage of the novel dye-sensitized solar cell is over 0.1V higher than that of the traditional N-type dye-sensitized solar cell, and performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell is further improved.

Description

A kind of new dye sensitization solar battery and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar cell, particularly relate to higher new dye sensitization solar battery of a kind of open circuit voltage and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of China's economic society, people are increasing rapidly to the demand of the energy, and the fossil energy reserves such as traditional oil, natural gas are limited, exhausted certainty know together by people.Due to a large amount of uses to these fossil energies, cause carbon dioxide excessive emissions, environmental problem is day by day serious.In order to solve energy environment crisis, the regenerative resource that people's active demand is cleaned, pollution-free, reserves are huge.As: wind energy, water energy, solar energy etc.Wherein solar energy is basic power source most important, the abundantest in various regenerative resource, not by the restriction of region.China's distribution of solar energy is extensive, and aboundresources, the regional hours of daylight in year of national total area 2/3 surpasses 2000 hours.The solar radiation total amount that annual China land accepts is equivalent to 24,000 hundred million tons of standard coals.Utilize the form of solar energy to have a variety of, wherein solar cell can be converted into electric energy solar energy, is considered to the mode the most effectively utilizing solar energy.Therefore solar cell is extensive in the application prospect of China.
1954, Bell Laboratory successful design went out first practical silicon system solar cell, and its photoelectric efficiency reaches 6%, indicates the beginning that practical solar cell is studied.Up to now, what the most ripe and transformation efficiency of preparation technology was the highest is monocrystaline silicon solar cell, photoelectric conversion efficiency reaches 23%, but the preparation technology of its complexity and high monocrystalline silicon price, make monocrystaline silicon solar cell be difficult to large-area being applied in industrial production and people's daily life.In order to solve this principal contradiction, people have obtained non-crystal silicon solar cell, and non-crystal silicon solar cell cost of manufacture is lower, conversion efficiency can reach 17.4%, but amorphous silicon material poor stability, easily causes photoelectric efficiency attenuating effect, have impact on the practical application of amorphous silicon battery.
In view of the deficiency of silicon system solar cell, people constantly develop the solar cell of other materials, and inorganic multivariate compound solar cell arises at the historic moment, and inorganic multivariate compound mainly comprises III-V compounds of group such as GaAs, CdS etc. II-VI compounds of group etc.This kind of battery has that cost of manufacture is low, efficiency is high, technique is simply easy to the advantages such as suitability for industrialized production.But Ga, Cd etc. are heavy metals, toxicity is very large, and meeting serious environment pollution, awaits further research.
The cheap preparation of new material and the simplification of manufacturing process are the emphasis of scientist's research in solar cell evolution always.DSSC (DSSC) is the photovoltaic device of a new generation, and its principle mainly imitates photosynthesis.Because the advantage more than ten years in the past such as its preparation is simple, environmental protection, Cheap highly effective are studied widely by global scientist.Traditional DSSC (as the light anode of battery, is generally TiO primarily of electro-conductive glass, the N-type semiconductive thin film that adsorbed dyestuff 2), electrolyte (is generally containing I 3 -and I -the organic solution of oxidation-reduction pair), electrode metal Pt (also known as photocathode) is formed.The core component of this battery is the N-type semiconductive thin film having adsorbed dyestuff, and therefore this battery is also referred to as N-type DSSC, is a kind of sandwich of similar " sandwich " formula.Its operation principle be after dye absorber sunlight by ground state transition to excitation state, the dye molecule of excitation state and TiO 2the surface contact of film, electronics is above injected into TiO immediately 2conduction band in, the dyestuff of excitation state self loses electronics, namely oxidized.Be collected into after being infused in the electronics in conduction band on electro-conductive glass, then electron stream gets back to photocathode through external circuit, on photocathode, electronics under the catalysis of Pt, by I 3 -be reduced to I -, I -be diffused near light anode under the driving of concentration difference, the reducing dyes of oxidation state is become ground state, simultaneously I -be reoxidized as I 3 -and complete a circulation.The open circuit voltage of this traditional N-type DSSC is determined by the difference of the energy level of oxidation-reduction potential in the Fermi level of N-type semiconductor and electrolyte, limit open circuit voltage, and traditional N-type DSSC uses Pt metal as to electrode, but Pt is a kind of expensive rare metal, is unfavorable for the practical application of traditional N-type DSSC.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the object of this invention is to provide higher new dye battery of a kind of open circuit voltage and preparation method thereof.
New dye sensitization solar battery of the present invention, comprise two conductive substrates arranged in opposite directions encapsulated by encapsulant, be respectively formed on conductive substrates opposite face described in two containing the light anode of N type semiconductor oxide of light-sensitive coloring agent and the photocathode of P type semiconductor oxide, and the electrolyte be filled in described in two between conductive substrates, described P type semiconductor oxide is NiCo 2o 4.
Further, conductive substrates described in two is the SnO of doped with fluorine 2transparent conducting glass.
Further, the thickness of described conductive substrates is 1-3mm.
Further, described N type semiconductor oxide is TiO 2.
Further, described encapsulant is heat-sealing film.
The preparation method of above-mentioned new dye sensitization solar battery, comprises the steps:
The cleaning of S1, conductive substrates
Get the SnO of two panels doped with fluorine 2transparent conducting glass as conductive substrates, and a slice opens two apertures wherein, two panels conductive substrates is cleaned up in acetone, alcohol, deionized water for ultrasonic respectively, drying for standby;
The preparation of S2, light anode
At the SnO of doped with fluorine 2the conducting surface of transparent conducting glass covers TiO 2colloid, and sintering processes;
The preparation of S3, photocathode
Preparation NiCo 2o 4colloid, by the SnO of the doped with fluorine of punching 2the conducting surface of transparent conducting glass covers NiCo 2o 4colloid, respectively water-bath is after 3 hours and 6 hours, with deionized water and alcohol washes clean, dry also sintering processes;
S4, light anode and photocathode are immersed in light-sensitive coloring agent after immersion treatment, dry with washes of absolute alcohol, then encapsulate with heat-sealing film, inject electrolyte, re-use the SnO of heat-sealing film and doped with fluorine 2two apertures of photocathode seal by transparent conducting glass, after leaving standstill.
Further, in described step S3, Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate, cabaltous nitrate hexahydrate, urea are joined in deionized water successively for 1:2:40 in molar ratio, stir and form described NiCo 2o 4colloid.
Further, in described step S3, bath temperature is 80 DEG C.
Further, in described step S2, precursor solution is formed described TiO for 2:5 mixes by volume afterwards with polytetrafluoroethylene 2colloid, described precursor solution is formed for 40:20:1 mixing anhydrous citric acid stirs by volume by deionized water, hydrochloric acid, tetra-n-butyl titanate.
Further, described light-sensitive coloring agent is N719 dyestuff.
New dye sensitization solar battery prepared by the present invention, will adsorb the N type semiconductor oxide TiO of dyestuff 2for light anode and the P type semiconductor oxide NiCo having adsorbed dyestuff 2o 4for photocathode, make in same a slice battery, under light illumination, there is carrier mobility reaction in light anode and photocathode simultaneously, define tandem working mechanism, make the open circuit voltage of this new dye sensitization solar battery have significant raising compared to traditional N-type DSSC.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: traditional N-type DSSC uses Pt metal as to electrode, but Pt is a kind of expensive rare metal, is unfavorable for the practical application of traditional N-type DSSC.P type semiconductor is replaced precious metals pt by the present invention, be assembled into PN type DSSC, enrich the design content of DSSC structure on the one hand, reduce the manufacturing cost of DSSC, breach on the other hand the open circuit voltage restriction of conventional n-type DSSC, and light anode in new dye sensitization solar battery of the present invention and photocathode are prepared simple to operation, low for equipment requirements, cheap, improve the open circuit voltage of DSSC further.
Above-mentioned explanation is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand technological means of the present invention, and can be implemented according to the content of specification, coordinates accompanying drawing to be described in detail as follows below with preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is P-type semiconductor oxide NiCo 2o 4x-ray diffraction (XRD);
Fig. 2 is P-type semiconductor oxide NiCo 2o 4scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph (SEM);
Fig. 3 is N-type conductor oxidate TiO 2scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph (SEM);
Fig. 4 is current density and the voltage response resolution chart (J-V) of PN-type and N-type DSSC.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
New dye sensitization solar battery of the present invention comprises two conductive substrates arranged in opposite directions encapsulated by encapsulant, be respectively formed on two conductive substrates opposite faces containing the light anode of N type semiconductor oxide of light-sensitive coloring agent and the photocathode of P type semiconductor oxide, and the electrolyte be filled between two conductive substrates, P type semiconductor oxide is NiCo 2o 4, N type semiconductor oxide is TiO 2.Two conductive substrates are the SnO of doped with fluorine 2transparent conducting glass, thickness is 1-3mm.Encapsulant used is heat-sealing film.
By P type semiconductor material substitution N type semiconductor, traditional N-type DSSC just becomes P type DSSC.Majority carrier due to P type semiconductor is hole, and therefore when after dye absorber light, produce electron hole pair, hole can from the valence band of dyestuff implanting p-type semiconductor.Therefore the open circuit voltage of P type DSSC is determined by the difference of the oxidation-reduction potential of electrolyte and the Fermi level of P type semiconductor.Using adsorb dyestuff N type semiconductor as light anode, the P type semiconductor having adsorbed dyestuff, as photocathode, just can be assembled into PN type DSSC in conjunction with the electrolyte containing oxidation-reduction potential.PN type DSSC is light anode and the work of photocathode internal series-connection, so the open circuit voltage of PN type DSSC is determined by the difference of the Fermi level of N type semiconductor and the Fermi level of P type semiconductor.Because the Fermi level of N type semiconductor is above electrolyte redox current potential, the Fermi level of P type semiconductor is below electrolyte redox current potential, and therefore the open circuit voltage of PN type DSSC equals the open circuit voltage sum of N-type DSSC and P type DSSC.In sum, new dye sensitization solar battery of the present invention is compared to traditional N-type DSSC, and open circuit voltage is improved significantly.
New dye sensitization solar battery of the present invention is obtained by the method for following embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Get a slice FTO (SnO of doped with fluorine 2transparent conducting glass), use glass punching machine, this sheet FTO makes a call to the hole of two spacing 0.5cm, then get the FTO that a slice do not punch and put into beaker together, use acetone, alcohol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning 20 minutes respectively, oven dry at 60 DEG C after wash clean.
The anhydrous citric acid weighing 1g is poured in the beaker of 100mL capacity, use graduated cylinder weighs 40mL deionized water respectively and 20mL hydrochloric acid is poured in beaker, to be placed on mixing platform Keep agitation after 5 minutes, the tetra-n-butyl titanate measuring 1mL with the liquid-transfering gun of 1mL is poured in beaker, continue again to stir half an hour formation precursor solution, the precursor solution stirred getting 10mL is poured in the polytetrafluoroethylene bottle of 25ml volume, the conducting surface of the FTO that do not punch cleaned up is put into into polytetrafluoroethylene bottle down, be put in pyroreaction still, 150 DEG C of hydro-thermal reactions 6 hours in an oven, after reaction terminates, room temperature is naturally cooled to Deng reactor, take out FTO sample, use deionized water and alcohol washes sample 3 minutes respectively, drying 1 hour at 80 DEG C, to be put in annealing furnace 500 DEG C of calcinings 2 hours again, obtain light anode.
Weigh the Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate (Ni (NO of 1mmol 3) 26H 2o), 2mmol six nitric hydrate (Co (NO 3) 26H 2o), 40mmol urea (Urea) joins in the beaker that 50mL deionized water is housed successively, Keep agitation half an hour.The conducting surface of the punching FTO of wash clean is placed in beaker down, againsts wall of cup, 80 DEG C of water-baths 3 hours.After reaction terminates, take out 3 hr sample, with deionized water and alcohol wash clean, at 80 DEG C dry 1 hour, then to be put in annealing furnace 450 DEG C of calcinings 2 hours, obtain photocathode.
Light anode and photocathode to be immersed in simultaneously in the bottle that N719 dyestuff is housed 24 hours, then use 60 μm of heat-sealing films to encapsulate, inject electrolyte from photocathode aperture, electrolyte is the I of LiI, 0.03M of 0.1M 2, the tetrabutylammonium iodide of 0.5M and the 4-tert .-butylpyridine (M is unit quality) of 0.5M, then use the SnO of doped with fluorine 2transparent conducting glass and heat-sealing film seal aperture, leave standstill the NiCo obtaining a time very 3 hours Hydrothermal Synthesiss after hour 2o 4new dye sensitization solar battery.
Fig. 1 is the X-ray diffraction (XRD) of prepared new dye sensitization solar battery photocathode; Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph (SEM) of prepared new dye sensitization solar battery photocathode; Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph (SEM) of prepared new dye sensitization solar battery light anode; Fig. 4 is current density and the voltage response resolution chart (J-V) of PN-type and N-type DSSC.
The light anode prepared with the present invention and Pt are assembled into traditional N-type DSSC, and under a standard solar simulator irradiates, recording open circuit voltage is 0.736V, and current density is 1.889mA/cm 2, fill factor, curve factor is 41.9, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is 0.583%; And photocathode the present invention prepared replaces the new dye sensitization solar battery that Pt is assembled into, under a standard solar simulator irradiates, recording open circuit voltage is 0.873V, and current density is 2.175mA/cm 2, fill factor, curve factor is 30.8, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is 0.586%.Compared to the open circuit voltage of N-type DSSC, PN-type DSSC, current density has had significant raising.
Embodiment 2:
Get a slice FTO, use glass punching machine, this sheet FTO makes a call to the hole of two spacing 0.5cm, then get the FTO that a slice do not punch and put into beaker together, use acetone, alcohol, deionized water ultrasonic cleaning 20 minutes respectively, oven dry at 60 DEG C after wash clean.
The anhydrous citric acid weighing 1g is poured in the beaker of 100mL capacity, use graduated cylinder weighs 40mL deionized water respectively and 20mL hydrochloric acid is poured in beaker, to be placed on mixing platform Keep agitation after 5 minutes, the tetra-n-butyl titanate measuring 1mL with the liquid-transfering gun of 1mL is poured in beaker, continue again to stir half an hour formation precursor solution, getting the precursor solution that 10mL stirs pours in the polytetrafluoroethylene bottle of 25ml volume, the conducting surface of the FTO that do not punch cleaned up is put into into polytetrafluoroethylene bottle down, be put in pyroreaction still, 150 DEG C of hydro-thermal reactions 6 hours in an oven, after reaction terminates, room temperature is naturally cooled to Deng reactor, take out FTO sample, use deionized water and alcohol washes sample 3 minutes respectively, drying 1 hour at 80 DEG C, to be put in annealing furnace 500 DEG C of calcinings 2 hours again, obtain light anode.
Weigh the Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate (Ni (NO of 1mmol 3) 26H 2o), 2mmol six nitric hydrate (Co (NO 3) 26H 2o), 40mmol urea (Urea) joins in the beaker that 50mL deionized water is housed successively, Keep agitation half an hour.The conducting surface of the punching FTO of wash clean is placed in beaker down, againsts wall of cup, 80 DEG C of water-baths 6 hours.After reaction terminates, take out 6 hr sample, with deionized water and alcohol wash clean, at 80 DEG C dry 1 hour, then to be put in annealing furnace 450 DEG C of calcinings 2 hours, obtain photocathode.
Light anode and photocathode to be immersed in the bottle that N719 dyestuff is housed 24 hours simultaneously, then to use 60 μm of heat-sealing films to encapsulate, to enter electrolyte from photocathode punching injection, then use the SnO of doped with fluorine 2transparent conducting glass and heat-sealing film seal aperture, leave standstill the NiCo obtaining a time very 6 hours Hydrothermal Synthesiss after hour 2o 4new dye sensitization solar battery.
Visible, the generated time of photocathode all can form stable P type semiconductor oxide NiCo between 3-6 hour 2o 4.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not limited to the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a new dye sensitization solar battery, it is characterized in that: comprise two conductive substrates arranged in opposite directions encapsulated by encapsulant, be respectively formed on conductive substrates opposite face described in two containing the light anode of N type semiconductor oxide of light-sensitive coloring agent and the photocathode of P type semiconductor oxide, and the electrolyte be filled in described in two between conductive substrates, described P type semiconductor oxide is NiCo 2o 4.
2. new dye sensitization solar battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that: conductive substrates described in two is the SnO of doped with fluorine 2transparent conducting glass.
3. new dye sensitization solar battery according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the thickness of described conductive substrates is 1-3mm.
4. new dye sensitization solar battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described N type semiconductor oxide is TiO 2.
5. new dye sensitization solar battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described encapsulant is heat-sealing film.
6. a preparation method for new dye sensitization solar battery as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
The cleaning of S1, conductive substrates
Get the SnO of two panels doped with fluorine 2transparent conducting glass as conductive substrates, and a slice opens two apertures wherein, two panels conductive substrates is cleaned up in acetone, alcohol, deionized water for ultrasonic respectively, drying for standby;
The preparation of S2, light anode
At the SnO of doped with fluorine 2the conducting surface of transparent conducting glass covers TiO 2colloid, and sintering processes;
The preparation of S3, photocathode
Preparation NiCo 2o 4colloid, by the SnO of the doped with fluorine of punching 2the conducting surface of transparent conducting glass covers NiCo 2o 4colloid, respectively water-bath is after 3 hours and 6 hours, with deionized water and alcohol washes clean, dry also sintering processes;
S4, light anode and photocathode are immersed in light-sensitive coloring agent after immersion treatment, dry with washes of absolute alcohol, then encapsulate with heat-sealing film, inject electrolyte, re-use the SnO of heat-sealing film and doped with fluorine 2two apertures of photocathode seal by transparent conducting glass, after leaving standstill.
7. new dye sensitization solar battery according to claim 6, is characterized in that: Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate, cabaltous nitrate hexahydrate, urea are joined successively in deionized water for 1:2:40 in molar ratio in described step S3, stirs and forms described NiCo 2o 4colloid.
8. new dye sensitization solar battery according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in described step S3, bath temperature is 80 DEG C.
9. new dye sensitization solar battery according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in described step S2, precursor solution is formed described TiO for 2:5 mixes by volume afterwards with polytetrafluoroethylene 2colloid, described precursor solution is formed for 40:20:1 mixing anhydrous citric acid stirs by volume by deionized water, hydrochloric acid, tetra-n-butyl titanate.
10. new dye sensitization solar battery according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described light-sensitive coloring agent is N719 dyestuff.
CN201510442760.2A 2015-07-24 2015-07-24 Novel dye-sensitized solar cell and preparation method thereof Pending CN105118676A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105719836A (en) * 2016-01-01 2016-06-29 三峡大学 Preparation method of dye-sensitized solar battery cobalt-nickel sulfide counter electrode
CN105742070A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-07-06 深圳大学 High-catalytic-activity counter electrode material of solar cell and preparation method therefor
CN109103022A (en) * 2018-07-31 2018-12-28 上海材料研究所 Dye-sensitized solar cells and its working electrode and working electrode material

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105719836A (en) * 2016-01-01 2016-06-29 三峡大学 Preparation method of dye-sensitized solar battery cobalt-nickel sulfide counter electrode
CN105742070A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-07-06 深圳大学 High-catalytic-activity counter electrode material of solar cell and preparation method therefor
CN105742070B (en) * 2016-03-07 2017-12-05 深圳大学 A kind of high catalytic activity solar cell is to electrode material and preparation method thereof
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Application publication date: 20151202