CN105110585B - electric field leaching heavy metal device and method - Google Patents
electric field leaching heavy metal device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105110585B CN105110585B CN201510546271.1A CN201510546271A CN105110585B CN 105110585 B CN105110585 B CN 105110585B CN 201510546271 A CN201510546271 A CN 201510546271A CN 105110585 B CN105110585 B CN 105110585B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to electric field leaching heavy metal device and method；Including upper and lower two arrays of electrodes, respectively as the anode plate and cathode plate of leaching electric field, between two plates, composition elutes uses electric field cavity with dehydration；Anode is hollow plate electrode, and negative electrode is wire mesh electrode, between the two insulation arrangement, and is connected respectively with the both positive and negative polarity of dc source.By in the electric field cavity of the sludge pressurization injection elution of moisture content more than 40% and dehydration, sludge is at the uniform velocity moved from import to outlet in the electric field, open electric field power supply simultaneously, and liquid injection hole pressurization of the acid solution through anode is allowed to inject, in electric field production acid and oxidation and inject under the collective effect of acid solution, the harmful substance of heavy metal in sludge is eluted, so that indissoluble heavy metal is fully dissolved into solution, and separated under electric field action from cathode side with dehydration liquid, the sludge after purification is discharged through outlet.Heavy metal elution is realized with being acted on while abjection.Various heavy can be removed simultaneously, it is applied widely.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the elution of sludge acid and Heavy metal separation device, more particularly to a kind of electric field leaching device and method.
Background technology
Sludge is the accessory substance of sewage treatment plant, and municipal sludge contains the nutriments such as abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, dirty
The land use of mud is increasingly taken seriously, but heavy metal is one of the main reason for limiting its later use.In sludge
Heavy metal mainly including Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As etc., has the characteristics that disguise, chronicity, irreversibility, easily
It is enriched with by food chain, huge injury can be caused to human body and animals and plants by such as dealing with improperly.
The administering method of heavy metal is broadly divided into stabilisation and removes two major classes at present.Stabilization technology is by changing weight
The existing forms of metal reduce its activity and utilizability, but heavy metal is still present among sludge in this method, with when
Between passage and environment change, heavy metal activity will may change, in this case it is still possible to cause secondary pollution.Removal method master
There are chemical method, microbial method, phytoremediation, electro reclamation etc..Chemical method mainly adds chemical drugs into sludge
Agent such as inorganic acid or organic acid etc., reduce the pH value of sludge or improve oxidation-reduction potential, by the heavy metal in sludge by insoluble
State converts to soluble state or complex state, is separated after elution.Microbial method is the heavy metal by indissoluble by biological oxidation
Liquid phase is transferred to from solid phase, so as to remove.Phytoremediation is made using absorption, volatilization, the root filter of plant, degraded, stable etc.
For purifying transfer heavy metal, have the advantages that green, turn into the focus of Recent study, but plant growing cycle is grown,
Repair slowly, a kind of usual plant can only absorb one to two heavy metal species, and plant has certain requirement to soil.Electro reclamation
Technology is started with soil remediation the 1980s, is gone the effect of removing heavy metals good, can be removed various metals simultaneously.
Cardinal principle is to insert electrodes into pollutant and pass to electric current, and pollutant chemically reacts, and by electromigration, electro-osmosis,
Electrophoresis etc. is acted on to cathodic migration, so as to reach the purpose for removing pollutant.This method is applied to soil in-situ reparation, is used for
The heavy metals removal research of sludge is less.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to make full use of the acidity and oxidation characteristic of electroosmotic dewatering Anodic, is mutually tied with anode acid filling
The elution effect for improving heavy metal is closed, and using quick, the high-efficiency dehydration ability of electro-osmosis, to greatest extent will dissolving heavy metal point
From, and then improve the removal effect of heavy metal.The device and method can realize the elution of heavy metal acid and removing while carry out, and have
The features such as removing fast speed, efficiency high, the harmless treatment available for heavy metal pollution sludge are disposed.
Electroosmotic dewatering (abbreviation electric dehydration) is one kind of deep dehydration method for sludge, using electrodialysis principle, in electric field
Effect is lower to be reduced to less than 60% by moisture percentage in sewage sludge, have dehydration rate is high, depth soon, simple operation and other advantages, simultaneously
Have the effects such as heavy metal separation and sludge stabilizing concurrently.During electric dehydration, because near electric field anode under electrochemical action
With strong acidity and Strong oxdiative characteristic, there is leaching to the heavy metal in sludge.Acid solution is constantly injected by anode, no
This leaching can only be strengthened, under electro-osmotic effects, acid solution can also expand elution constantly from anode to movable cathode
Scope and effect so that more heavy metals are incorporated in solution, and realize moisture in sludge to greatest extent under electric field action
Abjection, and then improve the removal effect of melt and dissolved heavy metal.
Electric dehydration technology is existing material dewatering technology, during conventional electric dehydration, because anode produces acid and Strong oxdiative
Condition, there can be dissolution to materials such as the heavy metals in sludge, the heavy metal after dissolving is deviate from the aqueous solution by electric field,
With certain heavy metal separating effect, but because current attenuation comparatively fast make it that production acid is less, dissolve extremely has with the effect separated
Limit, heavy metal removing rate are only capable of reaching 10% or so.The present invention is to be innovated on this basis, is not only enhanced to sludge
Sour lessivation, more make full use of electric dehydration high-efficiency dehydration characteristic realize the pollutants such as heavy metal it is quick, efficiently separate.Tool
Body is as follows：(1) the acid elution effect of additional acid solution reinforcement sludge, promotes the materials such as more multi-metal to be dissolved into inside sludge
Moisture in；(2) become the materials such as the heavy metal of dissolved state fast and efficiently to realize and mud granule under electric field action
Separation, makes full use of the efficient deep dehydration advantage of electric dehydration to realize the efficient removal of heavy metal；(3) anode form and conventional electricity are de-
Water is dramatically different, and the anode of conventional electric dehydration only uses as electric field electrode, and function is relatively simple, and anode of the invention is not only made
For electric field electrode, also there is the function of injection acid solution, the acid solution of injection, which not only has, strengthens elution sludge effect, still
Play an important roll to alleviating the electric current rapid decay because caused by increased dramatically anode resistance；(4) conventional electric dehydration is mainly used
In the deep dehydration of material, and present invention is primarily intended to the pollutants such as the heavy metal in sludge are separated.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of electric field leaching heavy metal device, including upper and lower two arrays of electrodes, respectively as the positive plate and the moon of leaching electric field
Pole plate, between two plates composition elution use electric field cavity with dehydration；Anode is hollow plate electrode, and negative electrode is wire mesh electrode,
Insulation arrangement between the two, and be connected respectively with the both positive and negative polarity of dc source.
Material contact side is provided with liquid injection hole in the positive plate, acid solution can be injected to the sludge in electric field；Positive plate
Opposite side is provided with leacheate import.
The electric field spacing of the anode and negative electrode is 5mm~50mm.
The method of present invention progress electric field leaching heavy metal, by the sludge pressurization injection elution of moisture content more than 40% and take off
In the electric field cavity of water, sludge is at the uniform velocity moved from import to outlet in the electric field, while opens electric field power supply, and allows acid solution
Liquid injection hole pressurization injection through anode, in the case where electric field produces acid and oxidation and injects the collective effect of acid solution, in sludge
The harmful substance of heavy metal eluted so that indissoluble heavy metal is fully dissolved into solution, and from the moon under electric field action
Pole side is separated with dehydration liquid, and the sludge after purification is discharged through outlet.And then while realizing heavy metal elution with abjection
Effect.
Described power supply is dc source or pulsed power supplies, and voltage range is 20V~100V.
Described power supply mode is continuation mode or intermittent mode.
Described positive plate is made of an electrically conducting material, and conductive capability is strong, acid corrosion-resistant and resistance to oxidation；Minus plate to be netted or
Porous plate electrode, there is conductive and acid and alkali-resistance characteristic.
Electric supply installation is dc source or pulsed power supplies, and power supply mode is continuation mode or intermittent mode.Continuous power supply
Mode is realized that intermittent mode can be realized by the mode of direct current interval break-make by dc source continued power, i.e., at certain for the moment
Between section be powered, certain time period power-off mode.Pulse power supply mode can make power supply, impulse wave with simplest commercial power
Shape is had no special requirements, and dutycycle can be adjusted according to concrete condition.
The leacheate that the present invention uses is organic acid, inorganic acid or strong oxidant solution etc..For organic acid, pass through forefathers
Experiment is compared, and removal effect is best for citric acid, and citric acid can be complexed contents of many kinds of heavy metal ion, without selectivity；It is one
Kind small molecular organic acid, it is degradable in the environment；Cheap processing cost is small.Inorganic acid is mainly from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid etc., nothing
Machine acid is acid stronger, and the result of extraction of heavy metal is preferable, but can produce one to the physical property of sludge and soil, chemical property
It is fixing to ring, dosage need to be controlled.Strong oxidizer can effectively remove the heavy metal of organic in sludge, thus by oxidant with it is inorganic
Acid is mixed can to improve heavy metal removing rate, and strong oxidizer used is usually hydrogen peroxide, needs also exist for controlling dosage.Used
The general easily biological-degradable of organic acid, secondary pollution very little；Inorganic acid and strong oxidant solution etc. have secondary pollution wind to environment
Danger, main harm is that have certain corrosivity, needs to determine optimal injected volume after carrying out pilot plant test before use, to reduce two
Secondary pollution.
The invention has the characteristics that and advantage：(1) present invention uses electric field acid adding leaching heavy metal, can remove simultaneously more
Heavy metal species, it is applied widely；(2) under the action of an acid, the heavy metal in sludge converts to dissolvable state, in the effect of electric field
Under, moisture realizes separation of solid and liquid from anode to movable cathode, can realize removing heavy metals and dehydration simultaneously；(3) in anode
At plate, due to strong oxidation, there is certain removal effect to such as POPs of the pollutant in sludge；(4) positive plate of the present apparatus
Fixed with negative electrode Board position, effectively avoid short circuit and electric field breakdown；Negative and positive die opening is certain, realizes that voltage is uniformly distributed so that
Elution is uniform with dehydration；(5) it because anode has the entrance of acid solution, can effectively avoid electric dehydration anodic from being dried rapidly, take off
The situation that water effect declines, so as to constantly improve elution effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure figure of the electric field leaching heavy metal device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is electric field leaching heavy metal apparatus main body top view；
Wherein 1 is positive plate, and 2 be minus plate, and 3 be power supply, and 4 be mud inlet, and 5 be leacheate import, and 6 be sludge, and 7 be leaching
Washing lotion, 8 be mud mouth, and 9 be that leaching is dehydrated liquid.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As shown in Figure 1, 2：A kind of electric field leaching heavy metal device, including upper and lower two arrays of electrodes, respectively as leaching electric field
Positive plate 1 and minus plate 2, between two plates composition elution use electric field cavity with dehydration；Anode is hollow plate electrode, and negative electrode is
Wire mesh electrode, between the two insulation arrangement, and the both positive and negative polarity with dc source 3 is connected respectively.In thing in the positive plate
Material contact side is provided with liquid injection hole, can inject acid solution to the sludge in electric field；Positive plate opposite side is provided with leacheate import 5.
Sludge 6 is pressurizeed by mud inlet 4 in injection device, sludge 6 is dehydrated by the leaching between positive plate 1 and minus plate 2
Electric field cavity, while inject leacheate 7 and start to elute.During being dehydrated cavity by leaching, the heavy metal in sludge 6 is in electricity
Fully dissolved under the collective effect of field production acid, anode Strong oxdiative and injection acid solution, and with the moisture in sludge under electric field action
Deviate from from negative electrode.Sludge after processing is discharged from mud mouth 8, and dehydration liquid 9 flows out from mesh cathode plate.This electric field leaching heavy metal
Device can realize the dissolution and separation of Heavy Metals in Sludge, while can also reduce moisture percentage in sewage sludge.
Embodiment 1：
Power supply mode takes dc source continuously to power, and leacheate is citric acid.
Positive plate 1 is connected with minus plate 2 with the positive pole and negative pole of dc source 3, and pole plate spacing is 5mm, and supply voltage is
20V.Sludge 6 is extruded into injection from mud inlet 4, while discharges leacheate 7 and starts to elute.The concentration of citric acid is 0.6mol/L,
Flow is 0.1L/min.Sludge 6 when by leaching dewatering electric field cavity, in anode production acid, Strong oxdiative make by heavy metal therein
With and fully being dissolved under leacheate acidification, and deviate under electric field action with the moisture in sludge 6, dehydration liquid 9 is from netted
Minus plate flows out.Sludge 6 after processing is discharged by mud mouth 8, and unified collection is easy to subsequently dispose.Sludge contains after treatment
Water rate can be down to 60-65%, and the clearance of different heavy metals is different, scope 25-40%.
Different heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn) remove situation：
| Metal | Before processing content (mg/kg) | Content (mg/kg) after processing | Clearance (%) |
| Pb | 117.85 | 73.96 | 37.24 |
| Cd | 21.97 | 15.51 | 29.42 |
| Cr | 322.74 | 224.22 | 30.53 |
| Cu | 183.71 | 124.96 | 30.98 |
| Zn | 583.97 | 437.78 | 25.03 |
Embodiment 2：
Power supply mode is dc source interruptedly supplying power, and leacheate is nitric acid.
Positive plate 1 is connected with minus plate 2 with the positive pole and negative pole of dc source 3, and pole plate spacing is 20mm, and supply voltage is
80V.The concrete operations of dc source interruptedly supplying power are：Power 1min, is interrupted 20s, so circulation.Sludge 6 is squeezed from mud inlet 4
Pressure injection enters, while discharges leacheate 7 and start to elute.The concentration and flow of nitric acid are chosen according to demand, and the pH value for keeping sludge 6 is
2 or so.For sludge 6 when by leaching dewatering electric field cavity, heavy metal therein is in anode production acid, strong oxidation, and elution
Fully dissolve under liquid acidification, and deviate under electric field action with the moisture in sludge, be dehydrated liquid 9 from mesh cathode plate stream
Go out.Sludge 6 after processing is discharged by mud mouth 8, and unified collection is easy to subsequently dispose.The moisture content of sludge can drop after treatment
To 55-65%, the clearance of different heavy metals is different, scope 30-50%.
Different heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn) remove situation：
| Metal | Before processing content (mg/kg) | Content (mg/kg) after processing | Clearance (%) |
| Pb | 117.85 | 62.94 | 46.59 |
| Cd | 21.97 | 14.46 | 34.18 |
| Cr | 322.74 | 212.99 | 34.01 |
| Cu | 183.71 | 115.59 | 37.08 |
| Zn | 583.97 | 344.01 | 41.09 |
Embodiment 3：
Power supply mode is powered for the pulse power, and leacheate is hydrochloric acid+hydrogen peroxide.
Positive plate 1 is connected with minus plate 2 with the positive pole and negative pole of pulsed power supplies 3, and pole plate spacing is 50mm, supply voltage
For 100V.Pulsed power supply automatically controls, and each periodic power up times account for 80%.Sludge 6 is extruded into injection from mud inlet 4, together
When release leacheate 7 start to elute.Leacheate is the mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and the oxidisability of hydrogen peroxide can improve sour leaching
The effect of filter.Hydrochloric acid mixes injection with hydrogen peroxide, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 2% or so, and the pH value of sludge 6 is controlled in running
For 2 or so.For sludge 6 when by leaching dewatering electric field cavity, heavy metal therein is in anode production acid, strong oxidation, and leaching
Fully dissolve under washing lotion acidification, and deviate under electric field action with the moisture in sludge, be dehydrated liquid 9 from mesh cathode plate stream
Go out.Sludge 6 after processing is discharged by mud mouth 8, and unified collection is easy to subsequently dispose.The moisture content of sludge can drop after treatment
To 65-70%, the clearance of different heavy metals is different, scope 35-55%.
Different heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn) remove situation：
| Metal | Before processing content (mg/kg) | Content (mg/kg) after processing | Clearance (%) |
| Pb | 117.85 | 58.37 | 50.46 |
| Cd | 21.97 | 12.66 | 42.36 |
| Cr | 322.74 | 195.17 | 39.53 |
| Cu | 183.71 | 110.87 | 39.65 |
| Zn | 583.97 | 321.52 | 44.94 |
The electric field leaching heavy metal device and method that the present invention is disclosed and proposed, those skilled in the art can be by using for reference this
Literary content, the appropriate links such as condition route that change are realized, although the method and technology of preparing of the present invention have passed through preferred embodiment
Son is described, person skilled substantially can not depart from present invention, in spirit and scope to side as described herein
Method and technology path are modified or reconfigured, to realize final technology of preparing.In particular, it is all similar
As replace and change it is apparent to those skilled in the art, they be considered as being included in spirit of the invention,
In scope and content.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. electric field leaching heavy metal device, it is characterized in that including upper and lower two arrays of electrodes, respectively as the anode of leaching electric field Plate and minus plate, between two plates composition elution use electric field cavity with dehydration；Anode is hollow plate electrode, and negative electrode is metal net shaped Electrode, between the two insulation arrangement, and being connected respectively with the both positive and negative polarity of dc source；Material contact side is provided with liquid injection hole in the positive plate；Positive plate opposite side is provided with leacheate import；The leacheate be organic acid, inorganic acid or strong oxidant solution one kind or be used in mixed way, the inorganic acid is selected Hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, the strong oxidizer are hydrogen peroxide.
- 2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the electric field spacing of anode and negative electrode is 5mm~50mm.
- 3. the method for carrying out electric field leaching heavy metal using the device of claim 1, it is characterized in that by moisture content more than 40% In the electric field cavity of sludge pressurization injection elution and dehydration, sludge is at the uniform velocity moved from import to outlet in the electric field, is opened simultaneously Electric field power supply, and allow liquid injection hole pressurization of the acid solution through anode to inject, in electric field production acid and oxidation and injection acid solution Collective effect under, the harmful substance of the heavy metal in sludge is eluted so that indissoluble heavy metal is fully dissolved into solution In, and separated under electric field action from cathode side with dehydration liquid, the sludge after purification is discharged through outlet；Material contact side is provided with liquid injection hole in the positive plate；Positive plate opposite side is provided with leacheate import；The leacheate be organic acid, inorganic acid or strong oxidant solution one kind or be used in mixed way, the inorganic acid is selected Hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, the strong oxidizer are hydrogen peroxide.
- 4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that described power supply is dc source or pulsed power supplies, voltage range For 20V~100V.
- 5. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that described power supply mode is continuation mode or intermittent mode.
- 6. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that the organic acid is citric acid.
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| CN107755419A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-03-06 | 常州大学 | A kind of electro reclamation device for removing heavy metal in soil |
| CN108314281A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-24 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of high-voltage pulse electrode system of electrolysis processing deeply dehydrating sludge |
| CN109908527B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2021-01-22 | 武汉轻工大学 | Garbage fly ash treatment device and method |
| CN114275984B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-03-21 | 华中科技大学 | Electrochemical leaching lead recovery method for lead-containing sludge |
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| JP3959130B2 (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 2007-08-15 | 富士電機システムズ株式会社 | Aluminum recovery method in sludge treatment |
| CN104386892A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-03-04 | 中国矿业大学 | Device for removing heavy metal in excess sludge by using electrodynamic force technology |
| CN205328830U (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2016-06-22 | 天津大学 | Electric field leaching heavy metal device |
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