CN105110397B - Sea water desalination apparatus - Google Patents
Sea water desalination apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105110397B CN105110397B CN201510621290.6A CN201510621290A CN105110397B CN 105110397 B CN105110397 B CN 105110397B CN 201510621290 A CN201510621290 A CN 201510621290A CN 105110397 B CN105110397 B CN 105110397B
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- sea water
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 177
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 71
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Abstract
The invention discloses a sea water desalination apparatus, comprising a heater, a single-effect evaporator, a double-effect evaporator, a triple-effect evaporator, a water collector, a condenser and a sea water pump, wherein the single-effect evaporator is a first plate heat exchanger and both the double-effect evaporator and the triple-effect evaporator are second plate heat exchangers. In the apparatus provided by the invention, tubular heat exchangers are replaced with the plate heat exchangers, two media in the plate exchangers reversely flow, heat exchange efficiency is high, and thus an end temperature difference about 1 DEG C can be economically achieved; meanwhile, plates need not be too long, and compared with the tubular heat exchangers, the apparatus enables the effective reduction in size of the heat exchangers and thus enables the reduction in floor area of a sea water desalination multiple-effect evaporation system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of sea water desalting technology, more particularly to a kind of sea water desalinating unit.
Background technology
In desalinization multi-effect evaporation system, pipe heat exchanger is generally used, pipe heat exchanger is mainly by housing, pipe
How rounded beam, tube sheet and envelope first class sections composition, housing be, internal that bundle of parallel tubes is housed, and tube bank two ends are fixed on tube sheet.Pipe
In the flow regime of formula heat exchanger and two, medium flow field is to higher (the i.e. cooling water inlet temperature of the end Temperature Difference Ratio that determines pipe heat exchanger
Degree and cooled mouth leaving water temperature are poor), cause the length of pipe heat exchanger longer, the volume of pipe heat exchanger is larger, causes sea
The floor space of water desalination multi-effect evaporation system is larger.
Therefore, the floor space of desalinization multi-effect evaporation system how is reduced, is become those skilled in the art and is urgently solved
Technical problem certainly.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of sea water desalinating unit, to reduce accounting for for desalinization multi-effect evaporation system
Ground area.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of sea water desalinating unit, including:
Heater, the inlet end input steam of the heater;
The 1st effective evaporator connected with the heater, the outlet of the 1st effective evaporator are in communication with the outside, and described one
Effect vaporizer includes the first housing and the first plate type heat exchanger being arranged in the first shell body, the side of first housing
The first opening is provided with, the top of first housing is provided with the first cold plate;
2nd effect evaporator, it is board-like with second be arranged in the second shell body that the 2nd effect evaporator includes the second housing
Heat exchanger, is provided with the first dividing plate separated for the upper and lower ends by second housing in the second shell body, and described the
The upper end of two housings is provided with and is open with the second of first open communication, and the lower end of second housing is arranged and next effect
3rd opening of connection, the top of second housing is provided with the second cold plate;
Triple effect evaporator, the triple effect evaporator include the 3rd housing and be arranged in the 3rd housing described second
Plate type heat exchanger, is provided with the second partition separated for the upper and lower ends by the 3rd housing, institute in the 3rd housing
The upper end for stating the 3rd housing is provided with the 4th opening with the 3rd open communication, the lower end of the 3rd housing be provided with
Extraneous connection or the 5th opening of next effect connection, the top of the 3rd housing is provided with the 3rd cold plate;
The steam ejector connected with second housing and the 3rd housing;
The water collector connected with the 2nd effect evaporator and the triple effect evaporator;
The condenser being connected with the 1st effective evaporator, the 2nd effect evaporator and the triple effect evaporator;
The sea water pump of sea water can be provided for the 1st effective evaporator, 2nd effect evaporator and the triple effect evaporator;
First plate type heat exchanger includes the first rear end that the first front end-plate and first front end-plate are arranged in parallel
Plate, the first plate for being arranged between first front end-plate and first end plate and being arranged in parallel with first front end-plate
Piece can support the first gripper shoe of first plate, first plate with the upper and lower ends for being arranged on first plate
Upper end be provided with the first thermal source import for entering for steam, the lower end of first plate is provided with for for the steaming
The first thermal source outlet that steam flow goes out, for the first sea intake for entering for sea water and the first evaporation side seawater inlet, described
The side of one plate arranges the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring, and first thermal source import and first thermal source outlet are arranged
In the space that the described first sealing corral sets, first sea intake and the first evaporation side seawater inlet are positioned at described
In the space that second sealing corral sets, the opposite side of first plate is provided with the 3rd sealing ring, the 4th sealing ring and the 5th
Sealing ring, the 3rd sealing ring are opening towards one end of the first thermal source import, first sea intake and described
In the space that the described 3rd sealing corral sets, first thermal source import is located at the described 5th to first evaporation side seawater inlet
In the space that sets of sealing corral, first thermal source outlet in the space that the described 4th sealing corral sets, adjacent described the
One plate is provided with first sealing ring and the side of second sealing ring coordinates or the adjacent first plate setting
The side for having the 3rd sealing ring, the 4th sealing ring and the 5th sealing ring coordinates;
Second plate type heat exchanger includes the second rear end that the second front end-plate and second front end-plate are arranged in parallel
Plate, the second plate for being arranged between second front end-plate and second end plate and being arranged in parallel with second front end-plate
Piece can support the second gripper shoe of second plate, second plate with the upper and lower ends for being arranged on second plate
Upper end be provided with Secondary Heat Source import, the second sea intake and the second evaporation side seawater inlet for entering for sea water, institute
The lower end for stating the second plate is provided with Secondary Heat Source outlet, and the side of second plate is provided with the 6th sealing ring and the 7th close
Seal, the Secondary Heat Source import and Secondary Heat Source outlet in the described 6th space that set of sealing corral, described the
Two sea intakes and the second evaporation side seawater inlet are located in the space that the described 7th sealing corral sets, second plate
Opposite side be provided with the 8th sealing ring, the 9th sealing ring and the tenth sealing ring, the 8th sealing ring is warm towards described second
The side of source outlet is provided with opening, and second sea intake and the second evaporation side seawater inlet are close positioned at the described 8th
Seal is enclosed in the space for setting, and the Secondary Heat Source import is located in the space that the described 9th sealing corral sets, the Secondary Heat Source
In the space that the described tenth sealing corral sets, adjacent second plate is provided with the 6th sealing ring and the 7th sealing for outlet
The side cooperation of circle or adjacent second plate are provided with the side of the 8th sealing ring, the 9th sealing ring and the tenth sealing ring
Coordinate.
Preferably, in above-mentioned sea water desalinating unit, at least two group first is provided with the 1st effective evaporator and board-like is changed
Hot device.
Preferably, in above-mentioned sea water desalinating unit, also including four-effect evaporator, the four-effect evaporator includes the 4th shell
Body and second plate type heat exchanger being arranged in the 4th housing, are provided with the 4th housing for by described the
The 3rd dividing plate that the upper and lower ends of four housings separate, the upper end of the 4th housing are provided with the with the 5th open communication
Six openings, the lower end of the 4th housing are provided with the 7th opening being in communication with the outside, and the top in the 4th housing is arranged
There is the 4th cold plate, the four-effect evaporator is connected with the condenser, the sea water pump and the steam ejector.
Preferably, in above-mentioned sea water desalinating unit, the water outlet end of the sea water pump is provided with filter.
Preferably, in above-mentioned sea water desalinating unit, first thermal source import of the first plate type heat exchanger is located at first
The top centre position of the plate, first thermal source outlet and first sea intake are respectively positioned on first plate
Lower end and the both sides positioned at the first thermal source import;
The Secondary Heat Source outlet of the second plate type heat exchanger positioned at the lower end centre position of second plate, described the
Two thermal source imports and second sea intake are located at the upper end of second plate and positioned at the two of Secondary Heat Source outlet
End.
Preferably, in above-mentioned sea water desalinating unit, first plate and second plate pass through hold-down bolt
Connection.
Preferably, in above-mentioned sea water desalinating unit, first plate and second plate are titanium plate.
Preferably, in above-mentioned sea water desalinating unit, first plate and second plate are corrugated plating.
Preferably, it is in above-mentioned sea water desalinating unit, first sealing ring, second sealing ring, the described 3rd close
Seal, the 4th sealing ring, the 5th sealing ring, the 6th sealing ring, the 7th sealing ring, the 9th sealing ring of the 8th sealing ring and
Ten sealing rings are rubber seal.
Preferably, in above-mentioned sea water desalinating unit, the first evaporation side seawater inlet and second evaporation side are extra large
A diameter of 6-8mm of water inlet.
From above-mentioned technical proposal as can be seen that the present invention provide sea water desalinating unit include heater, 1st effective evaporator,
2nd effect evaporator, triple effect evaporator, water collector, condenser, steam ejector and sea water pump, wherein 1st effective evaporator adopt first
Plate type heat exchanger, 2nd effect evaporator and triple effect evaporator adopt the second plate type heat exchanger.First plate of the first plate type heat exchanger
The first thermal source import of upper setting, the first thermal source outlet, the first sea intake and the first evaporation side seawater inlet, the first adjacent plate
Piece is provided with the first sealing ring and the side of the second sealing ring coordinates or is provided with the one of the 3rd sealing ring and the 4th sealing ring
Side coordinates, be provided with the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring side coordinate after, the first relative sealing ring forms the after coordinating
One vapor cavity, the second relative sealing ring form the first sea water cavity after coordinating, and are provided with the 3rd sealing ring, the 4th sealing ring
After coordinating with the side of the 5th sealing ring, the 3rd relative sealing ring forms the first evaporation of seawater cavity after coordinating, and relative the
Four sealing rings form the 3rd vapor cavity after coordinating, the 5th sealing ring by the first thermal source import and the first evaporation of seawater cavity every
From.In desalting process, steam enters the first vapor cavity by the first thermal source import, and sea water passes through the first sea intake
Into the first sea water cavity, when height of the height of water level in the first sea water cavity more than the first evaporation side seawater inlet, sea
Water enters the first evaporation of seawater cavity by the first evaporation side seawater inlet, and the both sides of each the first evaporation of seawater cavity are the
One vapor cavity, effectively can be evaporated to the sea water in the first evaporation of seawater cavity, and the vapor that evaporation of seawater is produced leads to
The opening crossed on the 3rd sealing ring flow to the first cold plate, is guided to fresh water collecting device by the first cold plate, and steam is steaming
Next effect evaporation is entered by the first thermal source outlet after playing a role in vapour cavity.
On second the second plate of plate type heat exchanger arrange Secondary Heat Source import, Secondary Heat Source outlet, the second sea intake and
Second evaporation side seawater inlet, the second adjacent plate is provided with the 6th sealing ring and the side of the 7th sealing ring coordinates or sets
The side for being equipped with the 8th sealing ring, the 9th sealing ring and the tenth sealing ring coordinates, and is provided with the 6th sealing ring and the 7th sealing ring
Side coordinate after, relative the 6th sealing ring forms the second vapor cavity after coordinating, the 7th relative sealing ring coordinate after shape
Into the second sea water cavity, after being provided with the cooperation of the 8th sealing ring, the 9th sealing ring and the tenth sealing ring side, relative the 8th is close
Seal forms the second evaporation of seawater cavity after coordinating, the 9th relative sealing ring forms the 4th vapor cavity after coordinating, and the tenth is close
Secondary Heat Source import is separated by seal with the second evaporation of seawater cavity, and steam enters the second vapor chamber by Secondary Heat Source import
Body, is then delivered to next effect by Secondary Heat Source outlet, and sea water is sent into the second sea water cavity by the second sea intake, works as sea
Liquid level in water cavity body more than the second evaporation side seawater inlet height when, sea water enter the second evaporation of seawater cavity, shape
Into steam enter the housing of correspondence vaporizer by the opening on the 8th sealing ring, then condensed by cold plate.
The device that this programme is provided replaces pipe heat exchanger using plate type heat exchanger, and in plate type heat exchanger, two media is reverse
Flowing, adds heat exchange efficiency height, can not now need plate length very long, phase with the end temperature difference for accomplishing 1 DEG C or so of very economical
For pipe heat exchanger can effectively reduce the volume of heat exchanger, so as to reduce the occupation of land face of desalinization multi-effect evaporation system
Product.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
Accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of sea water desalinating unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the first plate side provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the first plate opposite side provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the second plate side provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the second plate opposite side provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
1st, heater, 2,1st effective evaporator, the 21, first plate, the 22, first thermal source import, the 23, first thermal source outlet, 24,
First sea intake, the 25, first evaporation side seawater inlet, 3,2nd effect evaporator, the 31, second plate, 32, Secondary Heat Source import,
33rd, Secondary Heat Source outlet, the 34, second sea intake, the 35, second evaporation side seawater inlet, 4, triple effect evaporator, 5, four-effect evaporation
Device, 6, steam ejector.
Specific embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of sea water desalinating unit, to reduce the floor space of desalinization multi-effect evaporation system.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1-Fig. 5 is referred to, Fig. 1 is the flow chart of sea water desalinating unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;Fig. 2 is the present invention
The structural representation of the first plate side that embodiment is provided;Fig. 3 is the first plate opposite side provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Structural representation;Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the second plate side provided in an embodiment of the present invention;Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the present invention
The structural representation of the second plate opposite side for providing.
The invention discloses a kind of sea water desalinating unit, including:
Heater 1, the inlet end input steam of heater 1, provides thermal source for sea water desalinating unit;
The 1st effective evaporator 2 connected with heater 1, the outlet of 1st effective evaporator 2 are in communication with the outside, 1st effective evaporator 2
Including the first housing and the first plate type heat exchanger being arranged in first shell body, the side of the first housing is provided with the first opening,
The top of the first housing is provided with the first cold plate, and sea water carries out preliminary treatment into 1st effective evaporator, and is subsequent evaporation device
Thermal source is provided;
2nd effect evaporator 3,2nd effect evaporator 3 include the second housing and the second plate-type heat-exchange being arranged in second shell body
Device, is provided with the first dividing plate separated for the upper and lower ends by the second housing in second shell body, the upper end of the second housing is arranged
Have and be open with the second of the first open communication, the lower end of the second housing is arranged the 3rd connected with triple effect evaporator and is open, second
The top of housing is provided with the second cold plate, carries out after-treatment through the sea water of preliminary treatment in 2nd effect evaporator;
Triple effect evaporator 4, triple effect evaporator 4 include the 3rd housing and the second plate-type heat-exchange being arranged in the 3rd housing
Device, is provided with the second partition separated for the upper and lower ends by the 3rd housing in the 3rd housing, the upper end of the 3rd housing is arranged
Have the 4th opening with the 3rd open communication, the lower end of the 3rd housing be provided be in communication with the outside or with it is next imitate connect the
Five openings, the top of the 3rd housing is provided with the 3rd cold plate, carries out three through the sea water of after-treatment in triple effect evaporator
Secondary process;
The steam ejector 6 connected with the second housing and the 3rd housing, steam ejector 6 make 2nd effect evaporator and triple effect
Vaporizer forms negative pressure;
The water collector connected with 2nd effect evaporator 3 and triple effect evaporator 4;
The condenser being connected with 1st effective evaporator 2,2nd effect evaporator 3 and triple effect evaporator 4, an effect of condenser is
Negative pressure is manufactured for seawater element system, is on the other hand that fresh water is condensed;
The sea water pump of sea water can be provided for 1st effective evaporator 2,2nd effect evaporator 3 and triple effect evaporator 4;
First plate type heat exchanger includes the first end plate that the first front end-plate and the first front end-plate be arranged in parallel, is arranged on
The first plate 21 for being arranged in parallel between first front end-plate and the first end plate and with the first front end-plate and it is arranged on the first plate
21 upper and lower ends can support the upper end of the first gripper shoe of the first plate 21, the first plate 21 to be provided with for entering for steam
The the first thermal source import 22 for entering, the lower end of the first plate 21 be provided with for flow out for steam the first thermal source outlet 23, be used for
The first sea intake 24 entered for sea water and the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25, the side of the first plate 21 arrange first and seal
Circle and the second sealing ring, the first thermal source import 22 and the first thermal source outlet 23 are arranged in the space that the first sealing corral sets, the
One sea intake 24 and the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25 are in the space that the second sealing corral sets;
The opposite side of the first plate 21 is provided with the 3rd sealing ring, the 4th sealing ring and the 5th sealing ring, the 3rd sealing ring
One end towards the first thermal source import 22 is opening, and the first sea intake 24 and the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25 are close positioned at the 3rd
Seal is enclosed in the space for setting, and in the space that the 5th sealing corral sets, the first thermal source outlet 23 is located at for the first thermal source import 22
In 4th space that set of sealing corral, adjacent first plate 21 be provided with the side of the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring coordinate or
Adjacent first plate of person 21 is provided with the side of the 3rd sealing ring, the 4th sealing ring and the 5th sealing ring and coordinates;
On adjacent first plate 21, the first sealing ring forms the first vapor cavity after coordinating, and thermal source passes through the first thermal source import
22 enter the first vapor cavity, are then discharged by the first thermal source outlet 23, and the second sealing ring of adjacent first plate 21 coordinates
After form the first sea water cavity, sea water is temporarily stored;
The 3rd sealing ring on adjacent first plate 21 forms the first evaporation of seawater cavity after coordinating, when in sea water cavity
Liquid level more than the first evaporation side seawater inlet height when, sea water is extra large into first by the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25
First thermal source import 22 and the first evaporation of seawater cavity are separated by water evaporation cavity, the 5th sealing ring, and the 4th sealing ring is by first
Thermal source outlet 23 is separated with the first evaporation of seawater chamber, and the 4th relative sealing ring combines to form the 3rd vapor cavity, and steam is entered
The temporary transient storage of row, it is preferred that the area of the 3rd vapor cavity is the smaller the better;
Second plate type heat exchanger includes the second end plate that the second front end-plate and the second front end-plate be arranged in parallel, is arranged on
The second plate 31 for being arranged in parallel between second front end-plate and the second end plate and with the second front end-plate and it is arranged on the second plate
31 upper and lower ends can support the upper end of the second gripper shoe of the second plate 31, the second plate 31 to be provided with for entering for sea water
Secondary Heat Source import 32, the second sea intake 34 and the second evaporation side seawater inlet 35 for entering, the lower end of the second plate 31 are arranged
There is Secondary Heat Source outlet 33, the side of the second plate 31 is provided with the 6th sealing ring and the 7th sealing ring, Secondary Heat Source import 32
With Secondary Heat Source outlet 33 in the 6th space that set of sealing corral, the second sea intake 34 and the second evaporation side seawater inlet
35 in the space that the 7th sealing corral sets, and adjacent second plate 31 is provided with the side of the 6th sealing ring and the 7th sealing ring
After cooperation, the 6th relative sealing ring forms the second vapor cavity after coordinating, and thermal source enters second by Secondary Heat Source import 32
Vapor cavity, then delivers to next effect by Secondary Heat Source outlet 33, and the 7th relative sealing ring forms the second sea water after coordinating
Cavity, is temporarily stored to sea water;
The opposite side of the second plate 31 is provided with the 8th sealing ring, the 9th sealing ring and the tenth sealing ring, the 8th sealing ring
The side of Secondary Heat Source outlet 33 is provided with opening, the second sea intake 34 and the second evaporation side seawater inlet 35 are positioned at the
In the space that eight sealing corrals set, in the space that the 9th sealing corral sets, Secondary Heat Source exports 33 for Secondary Heat Source import 32
In the space that the tenth sealing corral sets, it is close that adjacent second plate 31 is provided with the 8th sealing ring, the 9th sealing ring and the tenth
The side of seal coordinates, and forms the second evaporation of seawater cavity, shape after the combination of the 9th sealing ring after relative the 8th sealing ring combination
Into the 4th vapor cavity, Secondary Heat Source import 32 is separated by the tenth sealing ring with the second evaporation of seawater cavity.
First sealing ring, the second sealing ring, the 3rd sealing ring, the 4th sealing ring, the 5th sealing ring, the 6th sealing ring,
Seven sealing rings, the 8th sealing ring, the 9th sealing ring and the tenth sealing ring are totally-enclosed sealing ring.
The desalting process of 1st effective evaporator:
Thermal source, i.e. steam is provided into 1st effective evaporator by heater 1, and steam enters by the first thermal source import 22
One vapor cavity, steam are moved from top to bottom;Sea water is pumped into pipeline by sea water pump, sends into the first sea intake 2 by pipeline, when
When height of water level in first sea water cavity is more than the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25, sea water passes through the first evaporation side seawater inlet
25 enter the first evaporation of seawater cavity, and sea water is filled with the first evaporation of seawater cavity from bottom to top from the first evaporation of seawater cavity;
First vapor cavity and the first evaporation of seawater cavity arranged for interval, the steam heat in the first vapor cavity pass through the first plate 21
The sea water in the first evaporation of seawater cavity is passed to, the evaporation of seawater in the first evaporation of seawater cavity is made, what evaporation of seawater was formed
Vapor rises to the first cold plate by the opening on the 3rd sealing ring, vapor is condensed by the first cold plate,
The preliminary desalination of sea water is realized, the steam in the first vapor cavity is delivered to sea water desalinating unit by the first thermal source outlet 23
Outward;
The desalting process of 2nd effect evaporator:
A vapor part for the first evaporation of seawater chamber production of 1st effective evaporator is condensed by the first cold plate, remaining
Part is sent by the first opening of the first housing of 1st effective evaporator, and the first opening is upper with the second housing of 2nd effect evaporator 3
The second open communication is held, the steam ejector 6 connected with the second housing makes to form negative pressure, the steaming in first shell body in second shell body
Vapour enters the second housing by the first opening by the second opening in the presence of negative pressure, and some vapor can be sent out on the second cold plate
Raw food is solidifying, does not have the steam for condensing to enter the second vapor cavity, sea water by the Secondary Heat Source import 32 of the second plate type heat exchanger
Sea water is pumped into the second sea intake 34 by pipeline by pump, and sea water enters the second sea water cavity by the second sea intake 34, the
When liquid level in two sea water cavitys is more than the second evaporation side seawater inlet 35, sea water is entered by the second evaporation side seawater inlet
Enter the second evaporation of seawater cavity, the second vapor cavity and the second desalinization cavity arranged for interval, the steaming in the second vapor cavity
Vapour realizes the second evaporation of seawater cavity maritime interior waters by 31 heat transfer of the second plate to the sea water in the second evaporation of seawater cavity
Evaporation, evaporate the steam part for being formed and condensed by the second partition in second shell body, another part is by second
3rd opening of housing lower end delivers to lower 1st effective evaporator;
The operation principle of triple effect evaporator is similar with 2nd effect evaporator, specific as follows:
A vapor part for the second evaporation of seawater chamber production of 2nd effect evaporator is condensed by dividing plate, and remaining part leads to
The 3rd opening for crossing the second housing is sent, the 4th open communication of upper end of the 3rd housing of the 3rd opening and triple effect evaporator 4, with
The steam ejector 6 of the 3rd housing connection makes to form negative pressure in the 3rd housing, and the steam in second shell body is in the presence of negative pressure
4th opening is passed through into the 3rd housing by the 3rd opening, some vapor can occur condensation on the 3rd cold plate, without condensation
Steam the second vapor cavity is entered by the Secondary Heat Source import 32 of the second plate type heat exchanger, sea water is passed through pipeline by sea water pump
The second sea intake 34 is pumped into, sea water enters the second sea water cavity, the liquid in the second sea water cavity by the second sea intake 34
When face height is more than the second evaporation side seawater inlet 35, sea water enters the second evaporation of seawater chamber by the second evaporation side seawater inlet
Body, the second vapor cavity and the second desalinization cavity arranged for interval, the steam in the second vapor cavity pass through the second plate 31
Heat transfer realizes the second evaporation of seawater cavity inland sea evaporation of water to the sea water in the second evaporation of seawater cavity, and evaporation is formed
A steam part condensed by the 3rd dividing plate in the 3rd housing, another part passes through the 5th opening for the 3rd housing lower end
Mouth delivers to extraneous or lower 1st effective evaporator;
The first dividing plate and is respectively provided with the 3rd housing of second housing and triple effect evaporator 4 of 2nd effect evaporator 3
The top and bottom of the second housing and the 3rd housing are separated by the effect of two dividing plates, by taking the second housing as an example, an effect evaporation
The steam that device is produced enters the upper end of the second housing by the second opening of the second housing, and the steam of the second housing upper end is for right
Sea water in 2nd effect evaporator is evaporated, and the steam of the second housing lower end is the steam that 2nd effect evaporator is produced, and temperature is compared with one
The vapor (steam) temperature that effect vaporizer is produced is low, and which is used for providing thermal source for lower 1st effective evaporator, in order to avoid the second housing upper and lower two
There is interference and even mix in the evaporation at end, the upper and lower ends of the second housing are separated by the first dividing plate.Second in 3rd housing
The setting principle of dividing plate is identical with the principle for arranging the first dividing plate in the second housing.
In the course of work of 2nd effect evaporator and triple effect evaporator, steam is moved from top to bottom, the motion mode of sea water
And from top to bottom, sea water can be evenly distributed on the side wall of evaporation of seawater cavity, i.e., by the lower thickness of evaporation sea water,
So as to improve the evaporation rate of evaporation of seawater intracavity sea water.
It is as far as possible little that the area of the first sea water cavity and the second sea water cavity should be designed, and terminates so as to reduce desalinization
The sea water amount in the first plate type heat exchanger and the second plate type heat exchanger is remained in afterwards.
In order to further optimize above-mentioned technical proposal, drainage screen is set at the second opening and the 4th opening, is obtained with improving
The degree of purity of the condensed water for obtaining.
The combination of multiple first thermals source import 22 forms thermal source circulation passage, and the setting of the 5th sealing ring can effectively by thermal source
Circulation passage is separated with the first evaporation of seawater cavity;Multiple first thermal source outlets 23 combine to form thermal source with the 3rd vapor cavity
Flow pass, the 3rd vapor cavity can play a part of temporarily storage to thermal source;Multiple first sea intakes 24 and first are extra large
Water chamber combines to form seawater circulation passage, and the first sea water cavity plays a part of temporarily storage to sea water;
Multiple combinations of Secondary Heat Source import 32 form thermal source circulation passage, and the setting of the tenth sealing ring can effectively by thermal source
Circulation passage is separated with the second evaporation of seawater cavity;Multiple Secondary Heat Source outlets 33 combine to form thermal source with the 4th vapor cavity
Flow pass, the 4th vapor cavity can play a part of temporarily storage to thermal source;Multiple second sea intakes 34 and second are extra large
Water chamber combines to form seawater circulation passage, and the second sea water cavity plays a part of temporarily storage to sea water.
Water collector can be allocated to the steam produced by correspondence vaporizer, to balance the pressure in sea water desalinating unit
Power.
Two media reverse flow in plate type heat exchanger, and plate type heat exchanger is high relative to pipe heat exchanger heat exchange efficiency,
The volume of heat exchanger can be effectively reduced relative to pipe heat exchanger with the end temperature difference for accomplishing 1 DEG C or so of very economical, so as to
Reduce the floor space of desalinization multi-effect evaporation system.
Both sides convection current of the steam and sea water in plate type heat exchanger in plate 1, the flow regime of fluid is rotating turbulence, no
Easily cause structure, cleaning frequency can be reduced relative to pipe heat exchanger;
In the cleaning and maintenance process of plate type heat exchanger, as long as plate 1 is dismantled, you can monolithic plate 1 is carried out clearly
Wash and keep in repair, relative to the difficulty that pipe heat exchanger can reduce cleaning and keeping in repair;
Plate type heat exchanger is high relative to the heat exchange efficiency of pipe heat exchanger, so as to improve desalinization to a certain extent
The work efficiency of multi-effect evaporation system;
The small volume of plate type heat exchanger and plate type heat exchanger compact conformation such that it is able to reduce the volume of heat exchanger, also
The volume of desalinization multi-effect evaporation system can be reduced.
The plate type heat exchanger that this programme is adopted is arranged on plate type heat exchanger relative to plate type heat exchanger of the prior art
Three holes, the plate type heat exchanger process is simple for being provided with four holes of the prior art, reduce workman to a certain extent and open
The hand labor intensity in hole, on the other hand, the number in hole is few, so as to increase the heat exchange area of plate type heat exchanger, certain
The heat exchange efficiency of plate type heat exchanger is improved in degree, improves the utilization rate of material.
Evaporation is imitated to give the steam more crossed is provided, be provided with least two group first plate-type heat-exchange in 1st effective evaporator 2
Device, as the quantity of steam that one group of first plate type heat exchanger is produced is limited, in order to meet the thermal source demand of follow-up plate type heat exchanger, needs
Multigroup first plate type heat exchanger is set in 1st effective evaporator such that it is able to ensure the desalinization work of subsequent evaporation device
It is smoothed out.Preferably three groups of the number of the first plate type heat exchanger, length of three group of first plate type heat exchanger along the first housing
Degree direction is sequentially arranged.
First front end-plate of first group of first plate type heat exchanger is connected with the first fixed plate, and the first fixed plate is fixed on first
On housing, the first end plate of the second plate type heat exchanger is connected with the second fixed plate, and the second fixed plate is fixed on the first housing,
The connecting side of the first fixed plate and the first housing is relative with the connecting side of the second fixed plate and the first housing, and second group first board-like
The fixed form of heat exchanger and the 3rd group of the first plate type heat exchanger is identical with the fixed form of the first plate type heat exchanger.
The number of the second plate type heat exchanger in 2nd effect evaporator and triple effect evaporator is one group, the second plate-type heat-exchange
The arranged direction of device is parallel with the length direction of the second housing and the 3rd housing, the first gripper shoe of the second plate type heat exchanger upper end
It is connected with the second housing by the 3rd fixed plate, the second gripper shoe of the second plate type heat exchanger lower end is by the 4th fixed plate and the
Two housings connect, and the 3rd fixed plate is relative with the connecting side of the second housing with the connecting side of the second housing and the 4th fixed plate, the
Three fixed plates and the 4th fixed plate will not be interfered to the flowing of steam.
Vapor in triple effect evaporator and water collector is delivered to subsequent processing after being condensed by condenser.
In order to further optimize above-mentioned technical proposal, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, also including four-effect evaporator
5, four-effect evaporator 5 includes the 4th housing and the second plate type heat exchanger being arranged in the 4th housing, sets in the 4th housing
The 3rd dividing plate separated for the upper and lower ends by the 4th housing is equipped with, the upper end of the 4th housing is provided with and the 5th open communication
The 6th opening, the lower end of the 4th housing is provided with the 7th mouthful for being in communication with the outside, and the top in the 4th housing is provided with
4th cold plate, four-effect evaporator 5 are connected with condenser sea water pump and steam ejector 6, the operation principle of four-effect evaporator
It is identical with 2nd effect evaporator and triple effect evaporator.
In order to reduce the impurity after desalinization in water, the water outlet end of sea water pump is provided with filter, sea water is entered
Row is preliminary to be filtered.
In order to further optimize above-mentioned technical proposal, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first plate type heat exchanger
First thermal source import 22 is located at the top centre position of the first plate, and the first thermal source outlet 23 and the first sea intake 24 are respectively positioned on
The lower end of the first plate 21 and the both sides positioned at the first thermal source import 22, the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25 are entered positioned at the first sea water
Mouth 24, it is as far as possible big that the distance between the first thermal source outlet 23 and the first sea intake 24 should be designed, so as to avoid to sealing
The installation of circle is interfered;
The Secondary Heat Source outlet 33 of the second plate type heat exchanger is located at the lower end centre position of the second plate 31, and Secondary Heat Source enters
Mouth 32 and the second sea intake 34 are located at the upper end and the two ends positioned at Secondary Heat Source outlet 33 of the second plate 31, the second evaporation side
Seawater inlet 35 is located at the lower end of the second sea intake 34 near the position of the second sheet edges, Secondary Heat Source import 32 and second
It is as far as possible big that the distance between sea intake 34 should be designed, it is to avoid affects the installation of sealing ring.
The installation and removal of the first plate 21 and the second plate 31 for convenience, the first plate 21 and the second plate 31 lead to
Compression bolt connection is crossed, by taking the installation of the first plate type heat exchanger as an example:Then by after the first front end-plate, the first plate 21 and first
End plate is connected by hold-down bolt, it is ensured that after the first front end-plate, the first plate 21 and the first end plate are compressed, positioned opposite
Fitted between sealing ring completely, so as to ensure heat exchanger normal work.
In order to further optimize above-mentioned technical proposal, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first plate 21 and second
Plate 31 is that the mould of titanium plate, the first plate 21 and the employing extremely precision of the second plate 31 is one time punching molded, and titanium plate is with respect to matter
Amount is relatively light, can reduce the hand labor intensity of workers carry;Titanium plate need not smear separating medium during use, so as to
Logical pollution of the electrolyte to fresh water can be avoided.First plate 21 and the second plate 31 can also be the plate of stainless steel material,
Or titanium palladium material plate or be alloy plate or be copper coin piece.
Preferably, ripple, i.e. the first plate 21 and the second plate 31 is suppressed with the first plate 21 and the second plate 31
For corrugated plating, ripple not only can augmentation of heat transfer, while can increase thin plate and rigidity, improves the pressure-bearing energy of plate type heat exchanger
Power, and the formation of precipitate or dirt can be reduced, certain self-cleaning effect is played, so as to reduce the number of times of cleaning.
In order to ensure the sealing of vapor cavity, sea water cavity and evaporation of seawater cavity, the first sealing ring, the second sealing
Circle, the sealing of the 3rd sealing ring, the 4th sealing ring, the 5th sealing ring, the 6th sealing ring, the 7th sealing ring, the 8th sealing ring the 9th
Circle and the tenth sealing ring are rubber seal, and rubber has the advantages that elastic, waterproof and aeriality.
The openings of sizes of the evaporation side seawater inlet of the plate type heat exchanger that this programme is provided works as unit according to evaporation capacity decision
In time by the sea water amount of steam raising it is larger when, then the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25 and the second evaporation side seawater inlet 35
Size it is larger, when less by the sea water amount of steam raising in the unit interval, then the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25 and the
The size of two evaporation side seawater inlets 35 is less, it is preferred that the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25 and the second evaporation side seawater inlet
35 size Control needs to be determined according to actual production in diameter 6-8mm, specific size.When the sea in the unit interval
A diameter of 6mm of evaporated quantity of water hour, the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25 and the second evaporation side seawater inlet 35, works as the unit interval
When interior evaporation of seawater amount is big, a diameter of 8mm of the first evaporation side seawater inlet 25 and the second evaporation side seawater inlet 35.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, enables professional and technical personnel in the field to realize or using the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention
The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The most wide scope for causing.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of sea water desalinating unit, it is characterised in that include:
Heater (1), the inlet end input steam of heater (1);
The 1st effective evaporator (2) connected with the heater (1), the outlet of 1st effective evaporator (2) are in communication with the outside, institute
1st effective evaporator (2) is stated including the first housing and the first plate type heat exchanger being arranged in the first shell body, the first shell
The side of body is provided with the first opening, and the top of first housing is provided with the first cold plate;
2nd effect evaporator (3), described 2nd effect evaporator (3) include the second housing and the second plate being arranged in the second shell body
Formula heat exchanger, is provided with the first dividing plate separated for the upper and lower ends by second housing in the second shell body, described
The upper end of the second housing is provided with and is open with the second of first open communication, the lower end of second housing arrange with it is next
3rd opening of effect connection, the top of second housing is provided with the second cold plate;
Triple effect evaporator (4), described triple effect evaporator (4) include the 3rd housing and be arranged in the 3rd housing described the
Double-plate heat exchanger, is provided with the second partition separated for the upper and lower ends by the 3rd housing in the 3rd housing,
The upper end of the 3rd housing is provided with the 4th opening with the 3rd open communication, and the lower end of the 3rd housing is provided with
It is in communication with the outside or next the 5th opening for imitating connection, the top of the 3rd housing is provided with the 3rd cold plate;
The steam ejector (6) connected with second housing and the 3rd housing;
The water collector connected with the 2nd effect evaporator (3) and the triple effect evaporator (4);
The condenser being connected with the 1st effective evaporator (2), the 2nd effect evaporator (3) and the triple effect evaporator (4);
The sea water pump of sea water can be provided for the 1st effective evaporator (2), 2nd effect evaporator (3) and the triple effect evaporator (4);
First plate type heat exchanger includes the first end plate that the first front end-plate and first front end-plate be arranged in parallel, sets
The first plate put between first front end-plate and first end plate and be arranged in parallel with first front end-plate
(21) and the upper and lower ends of the first plate (21) are arranged on can support first gripper shoe of the first plate (21), institute
The upper end for stating the first plate (21) is provided with the first thermal source import (22) for entering for steam, the first plate (21)
Lower end be provided with for flow out for the steam the first thermal source outlet (23), the first sea intake for entering for sea water
(24) and the first evaporation side seawater inlet (25), the side of the first plate (21) arrange the first sealing ring and the second sealing
Circle, the import of the first thermal source (22) and first thermal source outlet (23) are arranged on the space that the first sealing corral sets
It is interior, the sky that the first sea intake (24) and the first evaporation side seawater inlet (25) are set positioned at the described second sealing corral
In, the opposite side of the first plate (21) is provided with the 3rd sealing ring, the 4th sealing ring and the 5th sealing ring, and the described 3rd
Sealing ring is opening, the first sea intake (24) and first evaporation towards the one end of the import of the first thermal source (22)
In the space that the described 3rd sealing corral sets, described the import of first thermal source (22) are located at the described 5th to side seawater inlet (25)
In the space that sealing corral sets, described first thermal source outlet (23) are located in the space that the described 4th sealing corral sets, adjacent institute
State the side cooperation or adjacent described first that the first plate (21) is provided with first sealing ring and second sealing ring
Plate (21) is provided with the side of the 3rd sealing ring, the 4th sealing ring and the 5th sealing ring and coordinates;
Second plate type heat exchanger includes the second end plate that the second front end-plate and second front end-plate be arranged in parallel, sets
The second plate put between second front end-plate and second end plate and be arranged in parallel with second front end-plate
(31) and the upper and lower ends of the second plate (31) are arranged on can support second gripper shoe of the second plate (31), institute
State the second plate (31) upper end be provided with for enter for sea water Secondary Heat Source import (32), the second sea intake (34) and
Second evaporation side seawater inlet (35), the lower end of the second plate (31) are provided with Secondary Heat Source and export (33), and described second
The side of plate (31) is provided with the 6th sealing ring and the 7th sealing ring, Secondary Heat Source import (32) and the Secondary Heat Source
In the space that the described 6th sealing corral sets, the second sea intake (34) and second evaporation side are extra large for outlet (33)
In the described 7th space that set of sealing corral, it is close that the opposite side of the second plate (31) is provided with the 8th to water inlet (35)
Seal, the 9th sealing ring and the tenth sealing ring, the 8th sealing ring are arranged towards the side that the Secondary Heat Source exports (33)
There are opening, the second sea intake (34) and the second evaporation side seawater inlet (35) to set positioned at the described 8th sealing corral
Space in, described Secondary Heat Source import (32) in the described 9th space that set of sealing corral, the Secondary Heat Source outlet
(33) in the space that the described tenth sealing corral sets, adjacent second plate (31) are provided with the 6th sealing ring and the 7th
The side of sealing ring coordinates or adjacent second plate (31) are provided with the 8th sealing ring, the 9th sealing ring and the tenth sealing
The side of circle coordinates.
2. sea water desalinating unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be provided with 1st effective evaporator (2) to
Few two group of first plate type heat exchanger.
3. sea water desalinating unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including four-effect evaporator (5), the quadruple effect
Vaporizer (5) includes the 4th housing and second plate type heat exchanger being arranged in the 4th housing, the 4th housing
Inside be provided with the 3rd dividing plate separated for the upper and lower ends by the 4th housing, the upper end of the 4th housing be provided with
6th opening of the 5th open communication, the lower end of the 4th housing is provided with the 7th opening being in communication with the outside, described
Top in 4th housing is provided with the 4th cold plate, four-effect evaporator (5) and the condenser, the sea water pump and institute
State steam ejector (6) to connect.
4. sea water desalinating unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the water outlet end of the sea water pump was provided with
Filter.
5. sea water desalinating unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first thermal source of the first plate type heat exchanger
Import (22) is located at the top centre position of plate described in first, the first thermal source outlet (23) and first sea intake
(24) lower end for being respectively positioned on the first plate (21) and the both sides for being located at the import of the first thermal source (22);
Secondary Heat Source outlet (33) of the second plate type heat exchanger is located at the lower end centre position of the second plate (31), institute
State Secondary Heat Source import (32) and second sea intake (34) is located at the upper end of the second plate (31) and is located at described
The two ends of Secondary Heat Source outlet (33).
6. sea water desalinating unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first plate (21) and second plate
Piece (31) is connected by hold-down bolt.
7. sea water desalinating unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first plate (21) and second plate
Piece (31) is titanium plate.
8. sea water desalinating unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first plate (21) and second plate
Piece (31) is corrugated plating.
9. sea water desalinating unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first sealing ring, second sealing
Circle, the 3rd sealing ring, the 4th sealing ring, the 5th sealing ring, the 6th sealing ring, the 7th sealing ring, the 8th sealing ring,
9th sealing ring and the tenth sealing ring are rubber seal.
10. sea water desalinating unit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first evaporation side seawater inlet (25)
With a diameter of 6-8mm of the second evaporation side seawater inlet (35).
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CN105399169B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-04-19 | 国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 | Multi-effect plate-type distillation seawater desalination system and method utilizing low-grade heat energy |
CN105858768B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2018-05-25 | 国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 | The two board-like distillation desalting plant of effect of one kind |
CN108622966A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-09 | 南通中船机械制造有限公司 | Integrated economic benefits and social benefits five in one plate type sea water desalinating device and its working method |
EP3792578B1 (en) * | 2019-09-13 | 2023-08-09 | Alfa Laval Corporate AB | Heat exchanger plate and plate heat exchanger for treatment of a liquid feed |
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Denomination of invention: A seawater desalination device Granted publication date: 20170322 Pledgee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Siping Branch Pledgor: Siping Juyuan Hanyang Plate Heat Exchanger Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024220000008 |
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