CN105108651A - Grinding wheel blockage detection cleaning device and method integrating acoustic emission and dynamometer - Google Patents
Grinding wheel blockage detection cleaning device and method integrating acoustic emission and dynamometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105108651A CN105108651A CN201510603700.4A CN201510603700A CN105108651A CN 105108651 A CN105108651 A CN 105108651A CN 201510603700 A CN201510603700 A CN 201510603700A CN 105108651 A CN105108651 A CN 105108651A
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011825 aerospace material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/007—Cleaning of grinding wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/003—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving acoustic means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/16—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load
- B24B49/165—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load for grinding tyres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B2203/00—Details of cleaning machines or methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B2203/02—Details of machines or methods for cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B2203/00—Details of cleaning machines or methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B2203/02—Details of machines or methods for cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
- B08B2203/0217—Use of a detergent in high pressure cleaners; arrangements for supplying the same
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grinding wheel blockage detecting and cleaning device and method integrating acoustic emission and a dynamometer. An acoustic emission signal generated in the grinding process of the grinding wheel is acquired, analyzed and filtered, and a corresponding relation between a root mean square value (RMS) of the acoustic emission signal and a peak value of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the degree of the blockage of the grinding wheel is established, so that the qualitative measurement of the blockage of the grinding wheel is realized. The grinding force measuring instrument measures the grinding force and reflects the blockage condition of the grinding wheel. And then, the cleaning of the blockage of the grinding wheel in real time on line is realized through a set threshold value between the jet pressure and the acoustic emission signal, and the closed-loop control between the jet pressure of the nozzle and the blockage amount of the grinding wheel is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grinding field, be specifically related to a kind of sound emission and the integrated wheel topography of dynamometer detects cleaning device and method.
Background technology
In order to obtain higher workpiece processing quality and surface accuracy, grinding is widely used in machining.Grinding is compared with other working angles, and specific cutting force is large, and grinding speed is high.In grinding, the size of abrasive particle, shape and distribution play an important role to processing, especially ductile metal, this kind of aerospace material of picture nickel-base alloy, their hardness is large, poor thermal conductivity, when processing these hard materials, in the surface that abrasive dust can stick to abrasive particle soon or pore.Often occur that wheel topography causes the phenomenon of sharply passivation, cause wheel life to terminate too early.It is very necessary for how detecting wheel topography and carrying out cleaning to wheel topography thing.
The kind of wheel topography is a lot, and the blocked state that different workpiece materials and processing operating mode produce is different.Totally be divided into embedded type, accole, binding type.Embedded type blocking is that abrasive dust is embedded in stone surface pores; Accole blocking is that abrasive particle leans on temporary transient strength and heat to be attached on abrasive grain cutting cutting edge surrounding or binding agent; Binding type blocking is in grinding process, and grinding points temperature reaches more than 1200K, and abrasive particle surrounding adheres to many abrasive dusts, and when grinding force increases, aggravation blocking when temperature raises, until grain breakage or come off, this is melting bonding.Wherein embedded type and accole blocking genus are mechanically filled in the clogging produced in emery wheel space, and the power of filling is from two aspects, external and inherent, relates to the factor of the aspects such as physics, electricity, heat.1, foeign element: in grinding, radial grinding force F
ybe greater than tangential force F
z, general Tool in Cutting processing F
y/ F
z<1, and grinding F
y/ F
z<2-10, workpiece material is harder, and plasticity is less, F
y/ F
zratio is larger, and the abrasive dust of such grinding area, under powerful positive pressure, is mechanically got in the pore of wheel face.Analyze from microcosmic, abrasive dust skids off before abrasive particle, several layers of abrasive dust are piled up in region in abrasive particle preceding office portion, after abrasive particle, due to the effect of emery wheel High Rotation Speed, form an air-flow vortex region, the air pressure of vortex region obviously reduces, and under negative pressure effect, makes part abrasive dust be attached to after abrasive particle, after forming abrasive particle, the dependency of knife face blocks, and tamper majority is ashes and abrasive dust particulate.2, electrostatic field: when emery wheel and workpiece relative motion, will produce electronics at grinding area emery wheel and surface of the work and overflow because of friction, occur the electric charge of arranging according to certain rules.Meanwhile, the gas in grinding area also can cause being swashed electric discharge because of high temperature action, makes neutral gas be ionized into cation and electronics.Like this, in some zonule, grinding area, define the little electric field be made up of emery wheel and workpiece, in electric field, have neutral atom, cation, electronics, impurity, dust, not only have the process that neutral atom is ionized, also have the process of cation and electron recombination.Under the effect of electric field, part abrasive dust will present polarity, according to principle of opposite sex attraction, just be attracted to stone surface with the opposite polarity abrasive dust of emery wheel.
So-called acoustic emission phenomenon is the elastic wave that solid material produces because structure change causes the quick release of strain energy, is called for short AE.Its available AE sensor being fixed on the surface of solids detects.Grinding process is a very complicated process, grinding area have quite high deformation rate and fretting wear and metal phase change, impact, sand grains collapse the phenomenons such as the impact of broken, cutting fluid, these are all the acoustic emission sources split by force.The various acoustic emission sources produced in the scholar's research such as HuntW grinding process, point out when emery wheel and workpiece Elastic Contact, emery wheel binding agent break, emery wheel abrasive particle collapses broken, emery wheel abrasive particle and friction of workpiece, surface of the work crackle etc. all can launch elastic wave.The factors such as the state of these factors and workpiece material, grinding condition, wheel face have close relationship; The change of these factors will inevitably cause the aspects such as the amplitude of acoustic emission signal, frequency spectrum to change, and this can be differentiated grinding state by the change detecting acoustic emission signal with regard to making us.Grinding force is the important physical amount in grinding process, grinding force derive from cause after workpiece contacts with emery wheel elastic deformation, plastic deformation, cutting formation and abrasive particle and the rubbing action between bonding agent and surface of the work.The size of grinding force is also an important indicator of reflection wheel topography degree.
Detect wheel topography and generally use several method below: 1. hydrochloric acid analytic approach; 2. colorimetric analysis; 3. β ray backscattering method; 4. radioactive element trace method; 5. magnetic probe is utilized to detect magnetic blocking abrasive dust; 6. the blocking abrasive dust of " eddy current principle " detection conduction is used; 7. micrographic method.
Through retrieval, the patent No. is active infrared checkout gear in place and the detection method that ZL201310076316.4 discloses a kind of wheel topography area, device comprises emery wheel, also comprise thermal infrared imager, outside described emery wheel tested surface, 15cm place, top is provided with an infrared radiant tube, the focal length of described thermal infrared imager aims at described emery wheel tested surface, orthogonal to the line between the described emery wheel center of circle in the middle part of the line between the described emery wheel center of circle and described infrared radiant tube in the middle part of described thermal infrared imager; The reflector of described infrared radiant tube is provided with temperature sensor, and described temperature sensor is connected with control circuit, and described infrared radiant tube is connected with described control circuit; Described thermal infrared imager is connected with computer.While the distribution measuring blocking abrasive dust, calculate the correlation of blocked area.Although this device can calculate the blocked area of emery wheel, be only be confined to the detection to blocking, lack the cleaning to wheel topography thing.
In the method detecting wheel topography, mostly more complicated, although the blockage that can detect emery wheel, lacks wheel topography and detects and clean the system and device be integrated.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to solve the problem, a kind of sound emission and the integrated wheel topography of dynamometer is provided to detect cleaning device and method, first wheel topography situation is monitored by acoustic emission at linear location, measure grinding force by grinding dynamometer and reflect detection wheel topography situation, then remove the electrostatic of tamper according to point discharge principle, with shower nozzle, the tamper be attached in wheel face or pore is cleaned by electrostatic.Greatly improve workpiece surface quality and emery wheel service life.Wherein, acoustic emission on-line monitoring system can have very large actual directive significance to lathe tool setting, wheel topography detection, emery wheel failure detection etc.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The detection cleaning device of a kind of sound emission and the integrated wheel topography of dynamometer, comprise sound emission on-line monitoring system and for providing the grinding wheel spindle of power to emery wheel, wherein, emery wheel to be measured is arranged on grinding wheel spindle, sound emission on-line monitoring system comprises the calibrate AE sensor, wave filter and the data acquisition display unit that connect successively, during use, workpiece is fixed on the lower end of emery wheel, described calibrate AE sensor is embedded in workpiece, emery wheel rotates with setting speed, is judged the chocking-up degree of emery wheel by the size of acoustic emission signal.
Described calibrate AE sensor is screw-type calibrate AE sensor, and comprise calibrate AE sensor body and the threaded end for calibrate AE sensor being embedded inside workpiece, calibrate AE sensor body is fixedly connected with threaded end.Calibrate AE sensor can be embedded into inside workpiece by screw division, and the approach parts of acoustic emission signal are few, and propagation path is short, can receive acoustic emission signal more really.
Preamplifier is connected with between described calibrate AE sensor and wave filter.The voice signal of wheel topography can amplify by preamplifier, convenient detection.
The outside of described calibrate AE sensor body is provided with protective device, and protective device sealing is arranged.Protective device sealing is arranged, and the pollutant that can effectively prevent grinding from producing enters protective device inside, causes damage to calibrate AE sensor body.
The rear end of described protective device is provided with rubber blanket, arranges buffer structure between protective device and calibrate AE sensor body.As pad, collision impact between the two can be effectively reduced; Rubber blanket can reduce the vibration of calibrate AE sensor and better locate between energy and calibrate AE sensor protective device.
Described wave filter is low pass filter.Effectively interfering signal can be filtered, retain the voice signal because wheel topography produces.
Described detection cleaning device also comprises grinding force measuring system, grinding force measuring system comprises dynamometer, the Work fixing device be arranged on dynamometer, force information Acquisition Instrument and grinding force display unit, force information Acquisition Instrument is connected with described dynamometer, and grinding force display unit is connected with force information Acquisition Instrument.
Amplifier is connected with between described dynamometer and force information Acquisition Instrument.
Described Work fixing device comprises workpiece to be fixed chamber, be arranged at the locating piece of workpiece lock chamber chamber interior and be arranged at workpiece and fix upper platen assemblies on chamber sidewall and/or locating piece, described locating piece is connected with apparatus for adjusting position, positions the position adjustments of block according to the size of workpiece.Workpiece is fixing under the acting in conjunction of chamber fixed by locating piece, upper platen assemblies and workpiece.
Described detection cleaning device also comprises in electrostatic and nozzle cleaning system, comprise in liquid-supplying system, air supply system and electrostatic and shower nozzle with nozzle cleaning in electrostatic, liquid-supplying system and air supply system are all communicated with shower nozzle with electrostatic, in electrostatic and shower nozzle inside is provided with some needle electrodes, and needle electrode is connected with power supply.
Described liquid-supplying system comprises the fluid reservoir, hydraulic pump, the first pressure regulator valve, first throttle valve, first-class gauge and the feed tube that connect successively.
Described air supply system comprises the air compressor, filter, air accumulator, the second pressure regulator valve, second throttle, second gauge and the air injection pipe that connect successively, and air injection pipe is communicated with by hybrid chamber with feed tube.Air supply system and liquid-supplying system can the proportioning of reasonable adjusting gas and liquid and the outlet pressures of gas-liquid as required, reach and clean most effectively emery wheel.
Be communicated with by accelerating sections between described hybrid chamber with described electrostatic section, accelerating sections is truncated cone-shaped cavity, in electrostatic, be less than the cross-sectional area near mixing chamber one end with the cross-sectional area of shower nozzle one end.Accelerating sections reduces the flowing space of gas and liquid, thus increases their pressure and flow velocity.
The internal chamber of described shower nozzle is half ellipsoidal surface, and the nozzle head of shower nozzle is provided with reverse V-shaped groove, and two inclined-planes of reverse V-shaped groove are symmetrical about nozzle-axis, and pass through mutually with the half ellipsoidal surface of inside, form long and narrow spout.This shower nozzle can produce fan-shaped even flat jet, and this jet impact force is even, and impact range is large, and angle of flare also can adjust in a big way, and its cleansing power is particularly outstanding, and the area of injection can cover sand wheel surface completely.
During use, in described electrostatic, be installed on the side of grinding wheel spindle with shower nozzle, and relative to the reverse installation of the rotation direction of grinding wheel spindle.Reverse installation can break through the airbond layer around emery wheel, realizes the good cleaning to emery wheel and lubrication.
A using method for the detection cleaning device of sound emission and the integrated wheel topography of dynamometer, comprises the steps:
1) after completing grinding experiment, (utilizing micrographic method) measures wheel topography situation, calculate RMS (root-mean-square value) peak value and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) peak value of getting acoustic emission signal, set up RMS and the FFT peak value of acoustic emission signal and the corresponding relation of wheel topography situation;
2) according to this corresponding relation, wheel topography degree threshold value is preset in a computer, and the expulsion pressure of nozzle under setting respective threshold;
3) emery wheel to be detected is arranged on the grinding wheel spindle detecting cleaning device, workpiece is fixed on dynamometer;
4) start each device, according to the grinding force recorded and acoustic emission signal, determine the chocking-up degree of emery wheel, and the expulsion pressure of Control Nozzle cleans to emery wheel.
Step 2) in, the expulsion pressure of nozzle is regulated by the second pressure regulator valve of the first pressure regulator valve in liquid-supplying system and air supply system.
As follows with Cleaning principle in electrostatic:
Gases at high pressure are entered by air injection pipe, liquid is entered by feed tube, both mix in hybrid chamber afterwards, accelerated, enter electrostatic neutralising arrangement shower nozzle by accelerating sections mixing, when gas-liquid mixture is in circular electrode dish, there is corona discharge phenomenon in the tip of needle electrode, can produce a large amount of electronics in corona zone, free electronics is attached on droplet, make drop become electric charge carrier, bring the electric charge contrary with tamper polarity of electrode.Be ejected on wheel face by shower nozzle, high-pressure gas-liquid mixture can eliminate the mechanical adhesion of tamper on emery wheel, and charged droplet can in and the electrostatic force of tamper.Thus make that tamper is easier to be washed from emery wheel.Wherein, respectively be provided with one with shower nozzle in emery wheel both sides in electrostatic, not only there is with shower nozzle in electrostatic the effect of removing tamper 85, but also the airbond layer around emery wheel can be broken through, make micro lubricating nozzle easier by injection of lubrication liquid to grinding area, realize better lubricant effect.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the acoustic emission signal produced in wheel grinding process, filter through sampling and analysis of signal, set up the root-mean-square value (RMS) of acoustic emission signal and the peak value of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) and the corresponding relation of wheel topography degree, realize the observational measurement to wheel topography.Grinding dynamometer is measured grinding force and is also reflected detection wheel topography situation.Then the threshold value by setting between expulsion pressure and acoustic emission signal realizes real-time washing down wheel topography thing online, realizes the closed-loop control between nozzle injection pressure and wheel topography amount.
2, in electrostatic and shower nozzle not only can remove the electrostatic of tamper, but also the airbond layer that can break through around emery wheel, be conducive to micro lubricating nozzle and be more easily ejected into grinding area, realize better lubricant effect, improve surface quality and emery wheel service life of processing work.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is in the integrated wheel topography detection method of sound emission and dynamometer and electrostatic and the axonometric drawing of nozzle cleaning;
Fig. 2 is screw-type calibrate AE sensor front view;
Fig. 3 is screw-type calibrate AE sensor protective device sectional view;
Fig. 4 (a) is screw-type calibrate AE sensor protective device left view;
Fig. 4 (b) is the partial sectional view at the A place in Fig. 4 (a);
Fig. 5 is grinding force measurement mechanism axonometric drawing;
Fig. 6 is Workpiece fixing clamping apparatus structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is grinding dynamometer axonometric drawing;
Fig. 8 is in electrostatic and shower nozzle fluid path and gas circuit system schematic;
Fig. 9 (a) is in electrostatic and shower nozzle sectional view;
Fig. 9 (b) in Fig. 9 (a) along the sectional view in A-A direction;
Figure 10 (a) is feed tube sectional view;
Figure 10 (b) in Figure 10 (a) along the top view in B-B direction;
Figure 11 (a) is in electrostatic and the left view of shower nozzle carrier;
With the sectional view of shower nozzle carrier in Figure 11 (b) electrostatic;
Figure 12 (a) is flat fan nozzle structure schematic diagram;
Figure 12 (b) is flat fan shower nozzle injection schematic diagram;
Figure 13 (a) is electrostatic neutralising arrangement sectional view;
Figure 13 (b) in Figure 13 (a) along the sectional view in C-C direction;
Figure 14 is in electrostatic and cartridge nozzle part sectional view;
Figure 15 is in electrostatic and shower nozzle cleaning emery wheel tamper schematic diagram;
Figure 16 is wheel topography thing force analysis figure;
Figure 17 is in the electrostatic of wheel topography thing and schematic diagram;
Figure 18 is that closed-loop control system harmony launches on-line detecting system operation principle block diagram in electrostatic and between shower nozzle expulsion pressure and acoustic emission signal threshold value.
Wherein, 1-wheel guard, 2-liquid delivery tube I, 3-blowpipe I, with shower nozzle I in 4-electrostatic, 5-electrode high-voltage conducting wires I, 6-emery wheel, 7-magnetic working table, 8-data collecting instrument, 9-low pass filter, 10-preamplifier, 11-computer I, 12-wire, 13-sound emission wire, 14-follower bolt, 15-cylinder pad, 16-pressing plate, 17-panel nut, 18-workpiece, 19-is dull and stereotyped, the dull and stereotyped bolt of 20-, 21-amplifier, 22-force information Acquisition Instrument, 23-dynamometer wire, 24-computer II, 25-dynamometer bolt of lower base, 26-dynamometer base, 27-grinding dynamometer, 28-dynamometer bolt, 29-work piece holder bolt, 30-work piece holder, 31-micro lubricating nozzle, 32-locating piece, 33-screw-type calibrate AE sensor, 34-bolt, with shower nozzle II in 35-electrostatic, 36-micro lubricating carrier pipe, 37-magnetic suction disc, 38-electrode high-voltage conducting wires II, 39-adjustable high voltage D. C, 40-blowpipe II, 41-liquid delivery tube II, 42-calibrate AE sensor screw, 43-sealing ring, 44-packing ring, 45-rubber blanket, 46-metallic channel, 47-screw, 48-protective device, 49-pad, 50-is dull and stereotyped, the little follower bolt of 51-, 52-fluid reservoir, 53-hydraulic pump, 54-pressure regulator valve I, 55-overflow valve, 56-liquid recovery tank, 57-choke valve I, 58-turbine flowmeter I, 59-air compressor, 60-filter, 61-air accumulator, 62-Pressure gauge, 63-pressure regulator valve II, 64-choke valve II, 65-turbine flowmeter II, 66-gasket seal I, 67-air injection pipe, 68-nozzle nut, 69-mixing chamber, 70-gas-liquid separation plug, 71-venthole, 72-accelerating sections, 73-gasket seal II, 74-sprayer body, 75-flat fan shower nozzle, 76-needle electrode, 77-circular electrode dish, 78-round rubber circle, 79-wire guide, 80-positioning spiro pit, 81-hybrid chamber, 82-admission chamber, 83-feed tube, 84-abrasive particle, 85-tamper.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, in sound emission and the integrated wheel topography detection method of dynamometer and electrostatic and nozzle cleaning primarily of in acoustic emission on-line monitoring system, grinding force measurement mechanism, electrostatic and spray nozzle device form; Grinding force measurement mechanism is fixed on magnetic working table 7, and adjustable high voltage D. C 39 is fixed on the side of wheel guard 1.Respectively there is a magnetic suction disc 37 wheel guard 1 both sides, are used for fixing liquid delivery tube I 2 and liquid delivery tube II 41, blowpipe I 3 and blowpipe 40 and electrode high-voltage conducting wires I 5 and electrode high-voltage conducting wires II 38.Same fluid path and air-channel system is used with shower nozzle II in electrostatic with in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic.Wherein, liquid delivery tube I 2 is connected with two feed liquor screwed pipes 83 respectively with one end of liquid delivery tube II 41, and the other end is connected with turbine flowmeter I 58 respectively.Blowpipe I 3 is connected with air injection pipe 67 respectively with one end of blowpipe II 40, and the other end is connected with turbine flowmeter II 65.Two electrode high-voltage conducting wires I 5 and electrode high-voltage conducting wires II 38 one end are each passed through wire guide 79, are connected with circular electrode dish 77, and each needle electrode 76 is arranged on circular electrode dish 77, and the other end is connected with adjustable high voltage D. C 39, form closed-loop path.Wherein, the part toughness of blowpipe I 3 and blowpipe II 40 end is comparatively strong, is convenient to regulate in electrostatic and angle in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic and between shower nozzle II 35 and emery wheel 6 surface.
As shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, screw-type calibrate AE sensor and protective device view thereof.Calibrate AE sensor head adopts screw-type, is cuboid.Be installed among workpiece 18 by the calibrate AE sensor screw 42 of head, the approach parts of acoustic emission signal are few, and propagation path is short, can receive acoustic emission signal more really.In workpiece 18 process; the residing environment of work is relatively severe; cutting fluid, chip etc. destroy as can be produced certain impact to the performance of sound screw-type emission sensor 33 and precision; thus devise special in protective device 48; wherein; protective device 48 is made up of laterally zygomorphic two parts, is connected and fixed by screw 47, has pad 49 to seal between laterally zygomorphic two parts.Screw-type calibrate AE sensor 33 is arranged in protective device 48, and sealing ring 43 plays the sealing function to whole device, prevents environmental contaminants from entering protective device 48.There is packing ring 44 between screw-type calibrate AE sensor 33 and protective device 48, reduce collision impact between the two.Screw-type calibrate AE sensor 33 end installs a rubber blanket 45, reduce screw-type calibrate AE sensor 33 vibration and can and protective device 48 better locate.Have metallic channel 46 at the afterbody of screw-type calibrate AE sensor 33, be connected with preamplifier 10 by sound emission wire 13, Treatment Analysis is carried out to acoustic emission signal.
As shown in figure 5 and figure 7, former and later two dynamometer bases 26 fix grinding dynamometer 27 and with dynamometer bolt 28 and dynamometer bolt of lower base 25 fastening, the material properties of two dynamometer bases 26 is can magnetic conductive metal, is adsorbed on magnetic working table 7 by base 26.Work piece holder 30 is fixed on the workbench of grinding dynamometer 27, workpiece 18 is placed on the workbench of grinding dynamometer 27, the six-freedom degree of workpiece 18 just can realize locating completely by the workbench of work piece holder 30 and grinding dynamometer 27, is illustrated in figure 6 Workpiece fixing clamping figure.The X-direction of workpiece 18 uses two bolts 34 to clamp, and in the Y-direction of workpiece, uses work piece holder bolt 29 pairs of workpiece 18 to clamp.Locating piece 32 one side and workpiece 18 contacts side surfaces, one side contacts with two bolts 34, and screwed in place bolt 34 makes locating piece 32 clamp in the Y-direction of workpiece 18.Workpiece 18 adopts three pressing plates 16 to clamp in z-direction, three pressing plates 16 form self-regulation pressing plate by dull and stereotyped 19 (dull and stereotyped 19 are fixed on work piece holder 30 by dull and stereotyped bolt 20), flat board 50, cylinder pad 15 and follower bolt 14, panel nut 17, when workpiece 18 length, width and height three sizes change, equip adjustable by two fixture bolts, 29, two bolts 34 and three pressing plate 16 realizations, meet the change in size requirement of workpiece 18.Locating piece 32 little follower bolt 51 and bolt 34 clamp.When workpiece 18 is subject to grinding force, measuring-signal passes to force information Acquisition Instrument 22 after amplifier 21 amplifies, and passes to computer II 24 by dynamometer wire 23, the size of analyzing and processing display grinding force.
As shown in Figure 8, in electrostatic and nozzle fluid path and gas circuit system schematic.In electrostatic and in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic and shower nozzle II 35 be gas and liquid shower nozzle used in combination, compressed air and liquid are respectively in two shower nozzle internal mix.Wherein, gas circuit is connected to form successively by air compressor 59, filter 60, air accumulator 61, pressure regulator valve II 63, choke valve II 64, turbine flowmeter II 65; Fluid path is connected to form successively by fluid reservoir 52, hydraulic pump 53, pressure regulator valve I 54, choke valve I 57, turbine flowmeter I 58.The compressed air produced by air compressor 59 enters air accumulator 61 through filter 60, then through pressure regulator valve II 63 and choke valve II 64, flows through turbine flowmeter II 65 and enter air injection pipe 67; Liquid in fluid reservoir 52 is extracted out by hydraulic pump 53, then through pressure regulator valve I 54 and choke valve I 57, flows through turbine flowmeter I 58 and enter feed tube 83.Wherein overflow valve 55 and liquid recovery tank 56 form protective loop, and Pressure gauge 62 is used for monitoring the air pressure of air accumulator 61.
As shown in Fig. 9 (a) He Fig. 9 (b), with sprayer body sectional view and air injection pipe sectional view in electrostatic.Four parts compositions are mainly contained with shower nozzle, mixing chamber 69, air injection pipe 67, feed tube 83 and sprayer body 74 in electrostatic.Wherein, air injection pipe 67 one end is connected with turbine flowmeter II 65, and the other end is connected with mixing chamber 69 by gasket seal I 66.Mixing chamber 69 left end has screw thread, and air injection pipe 67 and mixing chamber 69 are fixed by nozzle nut 68.Feed tube 83 one end is connected with turbine flowmeter I 58, and the other end is connected with mixing chamber 69 by screw thread.Gas-liquid separation plug 70 is by hybrid chamber 81 and admission chamber 82, and accelerating sections 72 is designed to the flowing space that pyramidal structure reduces gas and liquid, thus increases their pressure and flow velocity.Positioning spiro pit 80 can make to locate with shower nozzle II 35 in electrostatic with in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic.Sprayer body 74 is connected with mixing chamber 69 by screw thread.In order to better seal in electrostatic and in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic and shower nozzle II 35, respectively at air injection pipe 67 and mixing chamber 69, have gasket seal I 66 and gasket seal II 73 between mixing chamber 69 and sprayer body 74.From air injection pipe sectional view, design circumferentially has 6 ventholes, can better by liquid and compressed air mixing, and venthole 71 is main gas vent.Figure 10 (a) and carry the feed tube sectional view shown in 10 (b) and top view, there is screw thread feed tube 83 one end, is connected with mixing chamber 69.
As shown in Figure 11 (a) He Figure 11 (b), with shower nozzle carrier sectional view and left view in electrostatic.Flat fan shower nozzle 75 is connected with sprayer body 74 by screw thread, and advantage is to use corresponding shower nozzle according under different working conditions.Flat fan shower nozzle 75 has shower nozzle block, can locate it.Shown in Figure 12 (a) and Figure 12 (b), the inner surface of flat fan shower nozzle 75 is half ellipsoidal surface.Nozzle head has a reverse V-shaped groove, and two inclined-planes of V-type groove are symmetrical about nozzle-axis, and pass through mutually with inner half ellipsoidal surface, form long and narrow spout.This shower nozzle can produce fan-shaped even flat jet, and this jet impact force is even, and impact range is large, and angle of flare also can adjust in a big way, and its cleansing power is particularly outstanding, and the area of injection can cover sand wheel surface completely.In figure, a is oval major semiaxis length, b be elliptical center to V-type bottom land length, d is the incident cross section diameter of nozzle, and β is the half of the V-type angle of the v-groove.
As shown in Figure 13 (a), Figure 13 (b) He Figure 14, be concrete structure and the assembling relationship figure of sprayer body 74.Adjustable high voltage D. C 39 is connected by wire guide 79 by electrode high-voltage conducting wires I 5 and electrode high-voltage conducting wires II 38, and two wires are connected to the both positive and negative polarity of adjustable high voltage D. C 39 respectively.Circular electrode dish 77 and round rubber circle 78 are interference fit, and circular electrode dish 77 inner ring is fixed with needle electrode 76.Round rubber circle 78 and sprayer body 74 are also interference fit, and because round rubber circle 78 is elastomeric material, elasticity is better, is not only convenient to installation but also the insulation of circular electrode dish 77.
As shown in figure 15, emery wheel tamper schematic diagram is cleaned with shower nozzle in electrostatic.When emery wheel 6 processing work 18, the abrasive dust of removal can mechanically be filled in emery wheel 6 surface or space, thus produces clogging.Because emery wheel 6 and workpiece 18 grinding collision rift can produce mutually the gain and loss of electronics, and make the current potential of the tampers such as abrasive dust 85 uneven, produce electrostatic phenomenon, cause tamper 85 can more strongly be adsorbed in abrasive particle 84 surface or pore.Because electrostatic causes current potential uneven, so will electrostatic be eliminated, the tamper 85 losing electronics to be made exactly to obtain electronics and reach balance.Tamper electrostatic can be neutralized by the gas-liquid mixture sprayed in electrostatic and in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic and after the point discharge of shower nozzle II 35, just can relatively easily tamper 85 be washed afterwards.Respectively be provided with in an electrostatic in the both sides of emery wheel and shower nozzle 4 and 35, both major functions are all remove the electrostatic of tamper 85, are then cleaned.But have another one effect in electrostatic with shower nozzle II 35, because emery wheel 6 is when High Rotation Speed, meeting strong airbond layer of formation one deck around emery wheel 6, a large amount of grinding fluid is difficult to enter emery wheel 6 and workpiece 18 interface, and the actual effective discharge rate entering grinding area is only 5%-40%.High speed and high pressure gas-liquid mixture can be utilized to be broken through by airbond layer with shower nozzle II 35 in electrostatic, when emery wheel 6 rotates to grinding area, by the airbond layer space broken through with shower nozzle II 35 in electrostatic, the mixture that micro lubricating nozzle 31 (micro lubricating carrier pipe 36 is fixed on wheel guard 1) sprays more easily by arrival grinding area, space, can realize better lubricant effect.Carry out cleaning tamper 85 when spraying, in electrostatic and in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic and in the angle [alpha] of shower nozzle II 35 axis direction and this emery wheel 6 tangential direction and electrostatic with shower nozzle 4 and 35 and this emery wheel vertical range d ten minutes important.By Figure 16 wheel topography thing 85 force analysis figure, adhesion is gained knowledge known:
In formula: F
tbeing the tangential force of this tamper 85, is due to emery wheel 6 high-speed rotary then the power produced, relatively greatly; F
nit is the normal force of this point; F
1for both making a concerted effort.
For in electrostatic and in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic and shower nozzle II 35, the change of the momentum of the gas-liquid mixture of ejection equals its momentum, and formula is as follows:
mv＝F
2t
In formula: m is the quality of mixture, and v is speed, F
2be the power that jet produces, t is the time.There is mechanical knowledge known, when spraying with shower nozzle II 35 the jet flow force F produced in electrostatic with in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic
2>F
1time, just tamper 85 can be washed.
From the gas-liquid mixture of ejection, to emery wheel 6 accelerated motion under the effect of aerodynamic force, its speed greatly between 80m/s to 100m/s, in electrostatic and in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic and shower nozzle II 35 be about between 40mm to 50mm to the distance d on emery wheel 6 surface.
Shown in Figure 17, in the electrostatic of wheel topography thing and schematic diagram.When wheel grinding workpiece, there is electrostatic and lose electronics in the tampers such as abrasive dust 85, by electrostatic and in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic and shower nozzle II 35 and obtain electronics, reaches potential balance, tamper 85 loses electrostatic adsorption force, thus is comparatively easy to wash from emery wheel 6 surface or pore.
Shown in Figure 18, part A is expressed as sound emission on-line detecting system operation principle block diagram.When emery wheel 6 grinding work piece 18, workpiece 18 forced contact district stress distribution changes, thus produces initial elasticity ripple, namely sound emission (AE) signal.AE signal is detected rear fainter by screw-type calibrate AE sensor 33, then be sent to preamplifier 10 to amplify, due to during emery wheel 6 grinding work piece 18 produce AE signal generally within the scope of high frequency region amplitude FFT obvious, other AE signals are at low frequency range, therefore, the signal of grinding process generation can be filtered out by low pass filter 9, only retain the AE signal relevant with wheel topography, to identify wheel topography situation.Then, by data collecting instrument 8, through wire 12, information being entered computer I 11 has corresponding software analysis process.The root-mean-square value (RMS) of acoustic emission signal and the peak value of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) and the corresponding relation of wheel topography degree is set up by orthogonal experiment.Preset by computer the threshold value reserved to make comparisons, if exceed the display alarm of threshold calculations machine, emery wheel enters cleaning state, otherwise can work on.Different according to the degree of wheel topography after Computer Analysis process, thus use different air pressure to clean emery wheel tamper.And part B is in electrostatic and closed-loop control system in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic and between the expulsion pressure of shower nozzle II 35 and acoustic emission signal.This system comprises specified rate-acoustic emission signal threshold value; Comparator; Controller-fluid path and gas circuit; With shower nozzle 4 and 35 in actuator-electrostatic; Controlled device-tamper 85; Output quantity-tamper 85; Checkout gear screw-type calibrate AE sensor 33.The course of work is: given control system acoustic emission signal threshold value, when this value is exceeded, reach blocking amount, with shower nozzle II 35 injection gas-liquid mixture, tamper is cleaned in electrostatic with in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic by fluid path and gas circuit, then wheel topography signal is detected by screw-type calibrate AE sensor 33, feed back in comparator and compare with Setting signal, and control by the difference relatively, if there is difference in both, continue this process of circulation, until difference is zero, stop cleaning.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
Composition graphs 1 to Figure 18 is known, during emery wheel 6 grinding work piece 18, acoustic emission signal can be produced, acoustic emission signal detects through the screw-type calibrate AE sensor 33 be embedded in workpiece 18, the fainter preamplifier 10 that is then sent to of signal now amplifies, other signal of grinding process generation is filtered out by low pass filter 9, only retain the signal relevant with wheel topography, then by data collecting instrument 8, through wire 12, information being entered computer I 11 has corresponding software analysis process to obtain a result, compare with pre-set acoustic emission signal threshold value, reflect wheel topography situation, if do not reported to the police, emery wheel is in normal operating conditions.If the alarm signal of sending, exceed this threshold value, reach setting blocking amount, with shower nozzle II 35 injection gas-liquid mixture, tamper 85 is cleaned in electrostatic with in shower nozzle I 4 and electrostatic by fluid path and gas circuit, then detect wheel topography 85 signal by screw-type calibrate AE sensor 33, feed back in comparator and compare with Setting signal, and control by the difference relatively, if both exist difference, continue this process of circulation, until difference is zero, stop spraying.In grinding process, adopt orthogonal experiment, after completing each grinding experiment, micrographic method is utilized to measure emery wheel 6 blockage, sound emission signal characteristic value (peak value of RMS peak value and FFT) is got in calculation, sets up RMS and the FFT peak value of acoustic emission signal and the corresponding relation of wheel topography situation.Grinding dynamometer 27 is placed on magnetic working table 7, with the workbench of work piece holder 30 and grinding dynamometer 27, workpiece 18 is located, after clamping with work piece holder bolt 29, bolt 34 and pressing plate 16 pairs of workpiece 18 again, the grinding force signal that grinding force measures is by amplifier 21, to force information Acquisition Instrument 22 and computer II 24, demonstrate the size of grinding force.The grinding force measured is used for the chocking-up degree indirectly reflecting emery wheel.In electrostatic with the course of work of shower nozzle be: gases at high pressure are entered by air injection pipe 67, liquid is entered by feed tube 83, both mix in hybrid chamber 81 afterwards, mixed by accelerating sections 72 and accelerate, enter electrostatic neutralising arrangement, when gas-liquid mixture is in circular electrode dish 77, there is corona discharge phenomenon in the tip of needle electrode 76, a large amount of electronics can be produced in corona zone, free electronics is attached on droplet, make drop become electric charge carrier, bring the electric charge contrary with tamper 85 polarity of electrode.Be ejected into emery wheel 6 on the surface by flat fan shower nozzle 75, high-pressure gas-liquid mixture can eliminate the mechanical adhesion of tamper 85 on emery wheel 6, and charged droplet can in and the electrostatic force of tamper 85.Thus make that tamper 85 is easier to be washed from emery wheel 6.Wherein, respectively there is one with shower nozzle in emery wheel both sides in electrostatic, not only there is with shower nozzle II 35 in electrostatic the effect of removing tamper 85, but also the airbond layer around emery wheel 6 can be broken through, make that micro lubricating nozzle 31 is easier is ejected into grinding area, realize better lubricant effect.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but the restriction not to invention protection domain; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. in an electrostatic and nozzle cleaning system, it is characterized in that: comprise in liquid-supplying system, air supply system and electrostatic and shower nozzle, liquid-supplying system and air supply system are all communicated with shower nozzle with electrostatic, and in electrostatic and shower nozzle inside is provided with some needle electrodes, and needle electrode is connected with power supply.
2. in electrostatic according to claim 1 and nozzle cleaning system, it is characterized in that: the internal chamber of described shower nozzle is half ellipsoidal surface, the nozzle head of shower nozzle is provided with reverse V-shaped groove, two inclined-planes of reverse V-shaped groove are symmetrical about nozzle-axis, and pass through mutually with the half ellipsoidal surface of inside, form long and narrow spout.
3. in electrostatic according to claim 1 and nozzle cleaning system, it is characterized in that: described liquid-supplying system comprises the fluid reservoir, hydraulic pump, the first pressure regulator valve, first throttle valve, first-class gauge and the feed tube that connect successively, described air supply system comprises the air compressor, filter, air accumulator, the second pressure regulator valve, second throttle, second gauge and the air injection pipe that connect successively, and air injection pipe is communicated with by hybrid chamber with feed tube.
4. the detection cleaning device of a sound emission and the integrated wheel topography of dynamometer, it is characterized in that: comprise in electrostatic according to claim 1 with nozzle cleaning system with for providing the grinding wheel spindle of power to emery wheel, be installed on the side of grinding wheel spindle with shower nozzle in described electrostatic, and relative to the reverse setting of the rotation direction of grinding wheel spindle.
5. detection cleaning device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: comprise sound emission on-line monitoring system, wherein, sound emission on-line monitoring system comprises the calibrate AE sensor, wave filter and the data acquisition display unit that connect successively, during use, workpiece is fixed on the lower end of emery wheel, described calibrate AE sensor is embedded in workpiece, emery wheel rotates with setting speed, is judged the chocking-up degree of emery wheel by the size of acoustic emission signal.
6. detection cleaning device according to claim 4, is characterized in that: be connected with preamplifier between described calibrate AE sensor and wave filter.
7. detection cleaning device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described calibrate AE sensor is screw-type calibrate AE sensor, comprise calibrate AE sensor body and the threaded end for calibrate AE sensor being embedded inside workpiece, calibrate AE sensor body is fixedly connected with threaded end.
8. detection cleaning device according to claim 7; it is characterized in that: the outside of described calibrate AE sensor body is provided with protective device; protective device sealing is arranged, and the rear end of protective device is provided with rubber blanket, arranges buffer structure between protective device and calibrate AE sensor body.
9. according to the arbitrary described detection cleaning device of claim 4-8, it is characterized in that: also comprise grinding force measuring system, grinding force measuring system comprises dynamometer, the Work fixing device be arranged on dynamometer, force information Acquisition Instrument and grinding force display unit, force information Acquisition Instrument is connected with described dynamometer, and grinding force display unit is connected with force information Acquisition Instrument.
10. a using method for the detection cleaning device of sound emission and the integrated wheel topography of dynamometer, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) after completing grinding experiment, measure wheel topography situation, calculate RMS peak value and the FFT peak value of getting acoustic emission signal, set up RMS and the FFT peak value of acoustic emission signal and the corresponding relation of wheel topography situation;
2) according to this corresponding relation, wheel topography degree threshold value is preset in a computer, and the expulsion pressure of nozzle under setting respective threshold;
3) emery wheel to be detected is arranged on the grinding wheel spindle detecting cleaning device, workpiece is fixed on dynamometer;
4) start each device, according to the grinding force recorded and acoustic emission signal, determine the chocking-up degree of emery wheel, and the expulsion pressure of Control Nozzle cleans to emery wheel.
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