CN105107555B - Plant leaf surface frosting apparatus and method thereof - Google Patents
Plant leaf surface frosting apparatus and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105107555B CN105107555B CN201510419812.4A CN201510419812A CN105107555B CN 105107555 B CN105107555 B CN 105107555B CN 201510419812 A CN201510419812 A CN 201510419812A CN 105107555 B CN105107555 B CN 105107555B
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- plant
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant leaf surface frosting apparatus and a method thereof, and belongs to the field of artificial simulation environment. The apparatus comprises a strong convection refrigeration system, a box body, a living plant and an article shelf, and also comprises an air speed adjusting system, a control system, a humidity control system and a radiation refrigerating system; and the surrounding air temperature, the airflow speed, the air humidity and the leaf temperature in the plant leaf surface frosting process are simulated. The apparatus and the method allow plant leaf surfaces to be frosted to different degrees. The apparatus and the method are provided for researches of the plant frost damages.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agrometeorological hazard monitoring with control field and in particular to the technology of simulating plant frosting environment,
The present invention provides a kind of apparatus and method for the test of plant frost damage.
Background technology
Frost is one of big disaster of China four, and research plant Frost mechanism, to reducing frost damage, improves crop yield tool
Significant, be susceptible to radial pattern frost in the time in early spring, plant leaf blade often has frosting on surface, be commonly called as bloom or
Radiation frost, bloom can accelerate the speed of plant leaf blade inner cell rupture, is therefore unfavorable for the protection of plant frost, therefore studies white
The generation of frost is significant for plant frost protection.Frosting mostly occurs at sunny calm night, plant except with sky
Outside gas heat convection, also distribute heat to air, so its body temperature is obvious more low than temperature, when leaf temperature is less than surrounding air
Frost point when, in the air steam will condense on blade, it can therefore be seen that blade frosting is main and leaf temperature, around
Air themperature, relative air humidity and surrounding flow velocity magnitude are relevant.
Be limited to that the field test cycle is longer, uncertain factor is many, seasonal substantially, and be subject to regional limitation, therefore at present
Simulating frost environment, its principle is by strong convection refrigeration principle to conventional growth cabinet, and that is, air channel inner blower is by hot-air
Suck in air channel, so that air is cooled down by vaporizer heat convection, then so that cold air is blown in casing by blower fan, due to this dress
Put cool principle significantly different with plant frost Formation Mechanism, can not be therefore plant frosting.
The requirement of plant leaf blade surface frosting is less than the frost point of surrounding air for plant leaf temperature, therefore can lead to
The principle of overshoot refrigeration is realized, and domestic Authorization Notice No. is " anti-condensation device of radiation cooling ceiling " of cn 2513043y
Patent document describe a kind of radiation cooling ceiling anti-condensation device, in ceiling surface, one or more layers is set to indoor thing
Body radiation light-wave has the insolated layer materials of high transmittance, formed between material and between ceiling surface with room air every
The gas leaving or vacuum interlayer, can prevent ceiling surface condensation and form down current, shortcoming is frost ambient temperature
Much lower with respect to indoor architecture environment temperature, the thermal resistance of air blanketing can not prevent condensation or the frosting of thin film sandwich.
The superfine artificial research finned tube evaporator frosting performance of sieve, establishes frosting performance test stand, in worst cold case
Under, research is carried out to the evaporimeter frosting process of a small-sized indirect-cooling refrigerating plant it is contemplated that relative air humidity, air stream
Speed, the impact to performance of evaporator such as refrigerant flow, but its object of study vaporizer is actively to lower the temperature, live plant (5) leaf
Piece is then because radiation heat transfer is passive cooling, so frosting environment is different, so this device is not particularly suited for plant frosting.
U.S.'s registration number is that the patent of h229 proposes a kind of device that can realize sample frosting, and this device passes through one
Reconcile case and air themperature and humidity are modulated setting value, be passed in the proof box being placed with sample, be then turned on case top
The long wave of vaporizer absorption plant transmitting, but its easy frosting of case top vaporizer, refrigerating efficiency substantially reduces, the control of humidity
More complicated, and in casing, do not consider the control of wind speed.
Australian h.marellous devises a kind of device realizing plant frosting, makes Air Temperature in case by convection current
Degree and plant leaf temperature are reduced to setting value, then open the vaporizer of casing top, constantly absorb plant leaf blade transmitting
Long wave energy leads to plant leaf temperature to reduce, and has isolated radiation refrigeration by bilayer film and has freezed with convection current, air humidity
Control is by placing mixture of ice and water in casing, but the design of bilayer film reduces the long wave transmittance of device, thus
Radiation heat transfer efficiency is made to reduce, the humidity that on the other hand this mixture of ice and water produces is uncontrollable, causes casing wall frosting and shadow
Ring heat-transfer effect, thus causing energy waste.
In prior art, do not simulate the device of wind speed, the relative air humidity in casing is uncontrollable, therefore affect frosting
Control parameter incomplete or unadjustable, and participate in the inefficient of the refrigerating evaporator of radiation heat transfer, cause simultaneously
The waste of the energy.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of apparatus and method making the frosting of plant leaf blade surface, adjusted by increasing wind speed
Section system (3), to realize the regulation and control of the interior wind speed of proof box (22)；It is passed through into proof box (22) by moisture control system (6)
Dampness, to simplify air-humidification method and humidification amount is controlled；It is placed on proof box (22) bottom by vaporizer (73) will be radiated, reach
To only just can reach radiation heat transfer purpose using thin film, thus increasing the radiation heat transfer efficiency of vaporizer and plant, improve
Efficiency of energy utilization.
In order to solve above technical problem, the concrete technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:
A kind of device making the frosting of plant leaf blade surface, including strong convection refrigeration system (1), casing (2), live plant
And article rack (8) is it is characterised in that also include (5): wind speed regulating system (3), control system (4), moisture control system (6) and
Radiation refrigeration system (7)；Described strong convection refrigeration system (1) includes refrigeration Power Component (11), air outlet (12), temperature biography
Sensor (13), air regulator (14), convection fan (15), air inlet (16), forced convertion refrigerating evaporator (17) and coaming plate (18), case
Body (2) is divided into headstock (21), proof box (22) and (23) three parts of control chamber from top to bottom, and live plant (5) is put
Put in article rack (8), refrigeration Power Component (11) is fixed on headstock (21) inner bottom surface, coaming plate (18) and proof box (22) wall
Face formation air channel interlayer；Air inlet (16) is had, lower section has air outlet (12), air regulator (14) is fixed and enclosed above coaming plate (18)
Air inlet (16) is shrouded completely on plate (18), proof box (22) internal face be fixed with successively from top to bottom convection fan (15) with strong
Counter flow evaporator (17), temperature sensor (13) is located within live plant (5) blade nearby 5cm.
Described wind speed regulating system (3) includes speed-regulating fan (31) and air velocity transducer (32)；Speed-regulating fan (31) is solid
Due to proof box (22) interior sidewall surface, within air velocity transducer (32) is located at live plant blade 10cm.
Described moisture control system (6) includes humidifier (63), humidifier pipeline (61) and humidity sensor (62)；Plus
Wet device (63) is placed in headstock (21) inner bottom surface, and humidifier pipeline (61) is fixed on proof box (22) interior sidewall surface, humidity sensor
Device (62) is placed within live plant (5) blade nearby 5cm scope.
Described radiation refrigeration system (7) includes long wave is had the thin film (71) of high-transmission rate, desiccant (72), radiation
Refrigerating evaporator (73), warming plate (74) and leaf temperature sensor (75)；Thin film (71) covers on warming plate (74), is dried
Agent (72) is fixed on the internal face of warming plate (74), and radiation refrigeration vaporizer (73) and warming plate (74) are fixed on proof box (22)
Inner bottom surface, the air blanketing of sealing is formed on thin film (71), warming plate (74) and proof box (22) bottom, and thin film (71) is steamed with radiation
The required distance sending out device (73) is to ensure that thin film (71) temperature is more than the dew point temperature of the interior air of proof box (22).
Frosting method according to a kind of described device making the frosting of plant leaf blade surface is it is characterised in that include following walking
Rapid:
Step one, opens strong convection refrigeration system (1), and target setting temperature value is t0, by interior for proof box (22) temperature taWith
Live plant (5) leaf temperature tlQuickly it is down to design temperature t0, keep temperature t0Constant；
Step 2, starts radiation refrigeration system (7), makes live plant (5) leaf temperature tlIt is reduced to and proof box (22)
Interior temperature taDifference be setting value t1Afterwards, maintain temperature difference t1Constant；
Step 3, opens wind speed regulating system (3), and wind speed setting size is v0；
Step 4, starts moisture control system (6), after the humidification persistent period reaches setting time t, live plant (5) leaf
Piece frosting, closes moisture control system (6), observes the surface frosting situation of live plant (5) blade.
Described wind speed v0Magnitude range is 0～3m/s；Target temperature value t0For -2～0 DEG C；Temperature difference t1For 2～5 DEG C.
: when observing live plant blade upper surface frosting, live plant (5) is inverted in below article rack (8)；Observe and live
During body plant leaf blade lower surface frosting, live plant (5) is just being placed in above article rack (8).
The principle of the present invention: in nature frosting environment, plant frosting and plant temperature, air themperature, air humidity
Relevant with air velocity；In the present invention, plant temperature passes through radiation refrigeration system (7) with the heat exchange of plant leaf blade Lai real
Existing, air themperature is passed through forced convertion refrigeration system (1) to realize, and air humidity is passed through moisture control system (6) and realized, air-flow
Velocity magnitude is passed through wind speed regulating system (3) and is realized.
Moisture control system (6) principle: steam is constantly produced by the humidifier (63) being placed in headstock (21), leads to
The nozzle crossing humidifier (63) is passed through in proof box (22), and control system (4) is passed through to read what humidity sensor (62) was obtained
Value contrasts conditioning moisturer (63) humidification amount with target setting value.
Radiation refrigeration system (7) principle: on thin film, condensation can lead to long wave transmitance to substantially reduce, so must be prevented from thin
On film condense, in the present invention, due to the relatively low radiation refrigeration vaporizer (31) of temperature under, the higher long wave highly transmissive of temperature
Upper, the air blanketing that the two forms will not form convection current to thin film (32), and therefore lower floor's cold air will be transmitted by heat conduction form
To thin film (32) side, because air is the non-conductor of heat, therefore thin film (32) temperature can be tested with infinite approach in theory
The internal air themperature of case (22), so its surface will not condense,
Beneficial effects of the present invention:, apparatus of the present invention are passed through to arrange forced convertion refrigeration system (1), wind speed regulating system
(3), humidity control system (6) and radiation refrigeration system (7), can be with air themperature, air velocity size, air in control chamber body
Relative humidity, live plant (5) blade surface temperature；Wind speed regulating system (3) of the present invention achieves proof box (22)
The regulation of interior wind speed, described moisture control system (6) simplifies humidification step and humidity is controlled, described radiation refrigeration system
System (7) can realize the radiation heat transfer with live plant (5) blade using the thin film of one layer of long wave highly transmissive, without using
Bilayer film described in document adds ventilating system before, improves radiation heat transfer efficiency, improves efficiency of energy utilization.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram front view of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram left view of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the part sectioned view of the equal axes axonometric drawing of apparatus of the present invention.
In figure: 11 refrigeration Power Components, 12 air outlets, 13 temperature sensors, 14 air regulators, 15 convection fans, 16 air inlets,
17 forced convertion refrigerating evaporators, 18 coaming plates, 21 headstocks, 22 proof boxs, 23 control chambers, 31 speed-regulating fans, 32 wind speed sensings
Device, 4 control systems, 5 live plants, 61 humidifier pipelines, 62 humidity sensors, 63 humidifiers, 71 thin film, 72 desiccant, 73
Radiation refrigeration vaporizer, 74 warming plates, 75 leaf temperature sensors and 8 article rack.
Specific embodiment
With specific embodiments, assembly of the invention and method are described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 with shown in Fig. 3, the refrigeration Power Component 11 in the forced convertion refrigeration system of the present invention is Tai Kang system
Cold group, power 298w, air outlet 12 size is 600*40mm, and temperature sensor 13 type is pt1000, and air regulator 14 is length and width
A height of 40*600*20mm, has 5mm circular hole above, and material is corrosion resistant plate, is secured by bolts on coaming plate 18, fan 15
Vortex flow fan for power 100w is fixed on the back side in proof box 22, and air inlet 16 is diameter 150mm circular hole, and strong convection refrigeration is steamed
Send out device 17 and be fixed on the back side in proof box 22 for inflation type evaporator, a width of 620*1000mm grown by coaming plate 18, headstock 21 is long deep
A width of 620*368*500mm, thickness 5mm, material is steel plate, the long deep a width of 620*368*1075mm of proof box 22, except the base
Remaining wall thickness 50mm, bottom surface wall thickness 100mm, material is hard polyurethane frothing insulation material, and control chamber length, width and height size is 620*
368*100mm, adjustable fan power is 10w, is bolted and is fixed on box inside wall, and air velocity transducer is stf30 wind
Fast transmitter, is suspended on away from leaf 10cm position, control system is Rhizoma Sparganii fx2n-32mr-001 Programmable Logic Controller, is placed on
23 in control chamber, live plant is upside down in article rack, with plastic bag, soil bag on pelvic surface of sacrum is tightly prevented from dropping in thin film 71
On, humidifier 63 is microwave humidifier, is placed in headstock 21, and the thin film of long wave high-transmission rate 71 is polyethylene film, leads to
Cross glue to be pasted onto on proof box 22 tank wall, desiccant 72 is silica dehydrator granule, is placed in porous container and is fixed on insulation
On plate 74, radiation refrigeration vaporizer 73 is inflation type evaporator, is fixed on proof box 22 inner bottom part, and warming plate 74 is rigid polyurethane
Expanded material, leaf temperature sensor is xsr2000 pin type temperature sensor, is inserted in the vein of leaf back.
Taking potted plant Camellia sinensis as a example it is therefore an objective to make Camellia sinensis upper surface frosting.
Camellia sinensis frosting is tested:
Step 1, opens strong convection refrigeration system 1, and target setting temperature value is 0 DEG C, by temperature t in proof box 22aWith work
Body plant 5 leaf temperature tlQuickly it is down to 0 DEG C of design temperature, keeping temperature is constant；
Step 2, starts radiation refrigeration system 7, makes plant 5 leaf temperature tlIt is reduced to and temperature t in proof box 22aDifference
For 3 DEG C of setting value, maintain the temperature difference constant；
Step 3, opens wind speed regulating system 3, wind speed setting size v0For 0.2m/s；
Step 4, starts moisture control system 6, and setting relative humidity is 90%, and the humidification persistent period is 10 minutes, live body
Plant 5 blade frosting, closes moisture control system 6, analyzes plant leaf blade frosting situation.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of device making the frosting of plant leaf blade surface, including strong convection refrigeration system (1), casing (2), live plant (5)
With article rack (8) it is characterised in that also including: wind speed regulating system (3), control system (4), moisture control system (6) and spoke
Penetrate refrigeration system (7)；Described strong convection refrigeration system (1) includes refrigeration Power Component (11), air outlet (12), temperature sensing
Device (13), air regulator (14), convection fan (15), air inlet (16), forced convertion refrigerating evaporator (17) and coaming plate (18), casing
(2) it is divided into headstock (21), proof box (22) and (23) three parts of control chamber from top to bottom, live plant (5) is placed
In article rack (8), refrigeration Power Component (11) is fixed on headstock (21) inner bottom surface, coaming plate (18) and proof box (22) wall
Form air channel interlayer；Air inlet (16) is had, lower section has air outlet (12), air regulator (14) is fixed and coaming plate above coaming plate (18)
(18) shroud air inlet (16) on completely, proof box (22) internal face be fixed with successively from top to bottom convection fan (15) with right by force
Flow evaporator device (17), temperature sensor (13) is located within live plant (5) blade nearby 5cm.
2. a kind of device making the frosting of plant leaf blade surface according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described wind speed is adjusted
Section system (3) includes speed-regulating fan (31) and air velocity transducer (32)；Speed-regulating fan (31) is fixed on proof box (22) medial wall
Face, within air velocity transducer (32) is located at live plant blade 10cm.
3. a kind of device making the frosting of plant leaf blade surface according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described humidity control
System (6) processed includes humidifier (63), humidifier pipeline (61) and humidity sensor (62)；Humidifier (63) is placed in headstock
(21) inner bottom surface, humidifier pipeline (61) is fixed on proof box (22) interior sidewall surface, and humidity sensor (62) is placed on away from live body
Plant (5) blade is nearby within 5cm scope.
4. a kind of device making the frosting of plant leaf blade surface according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described radiation system
Cooling system (7) includes long wave is had the thin film (71) of high-transmission rate, desiccant (72), radiation refrigeration vaporizer (73), insulation
Plate (74) and leaf temperature sensor (75)；Thin film (71) covers on warming plate (74), and desiccant (72) is fixed on warming plate
(74) internal face, radiation refrigeration vaporizer (73) and warming plate (74) are fixed on proof box (22) inner bottom surface, thin film (71), guarantor
The air blanketing of sealing, thin film (71) and the required distance radiating vaporizer (73) are formed on warm plate (74) and proof box (22) bottom
For ensureing the dew point temperature that thin film (71) temperature is more than the interior air of proof box (22).
5. a kind of frosting method of device making the frosting of plant leaf blade surface according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that wrap
Include following steps:
Step one, opens strong convection refrigeration system (1), and target setting temperature value is t0, by interior for proof box (22) temperature taWith live body
Plant (5) leaf temperature tlQuickly it is down to design temperature t0, keep temperature t0Constant；
Step 2, starts radiation refrigeration system (7), makes live plant (5) leaf temperature tlIt is reduced to and the interior temperature of proof box (22)
taDifference be setting value t1Afterwards, maintain temperature difference t1Constant；
Step 3, opens wind speed regulating system (3), and wind speed setting size is v0；
Step 4, starts moisture control system (6), and after the humidification persistent period reaches setting time t, live plant (5) blade is tied
Frost, closes moisture control system (6), observes the surface frosting situation of live plant (5) blade.
6. a kind of method making the frosting of plant leaf blade surface according to claim 5 it is characterised in that: described wind speed v0
Magnitude range is 0～3m/s；Target temperature value t0For -2～0 DEG C；Temperature difference t1For 2～5 DEG C.
7. a kind of method making the frosting of plant leaf blade surface according to claim 5 it is characterised in that: when observe live body plant
Thing blade upper surface frosting, live plant (5) is inverted in below article rack (8)；Observe live plant blade lower surface frosting
When, live plant (5) is just being placed in above article rack (8).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510419812.4A CN105107555B (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2015-07-16 | Plant leaf surface frosting apparatus and method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510419812.4A CN105107555B (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2015-07-16 | Plant leaf surface frosting apparatus and method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105107555A CN105107555A (en) | 2015-12-02 |
| CN105107555B true CN105107555B (en) | 2017-01-25 |
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| CN201510419812.4A Expired - Fee Related CN105107555B (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2015-07-16 | Plant leaf surface frosting apparatus and method thereof |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106000482B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2018-05-22 | 江苏大学 | It is a kind of to radiate into white device and method |
| CN106718196B (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2022-05-03 | 河南科技学院 | Wheat field is with cold environment analogue means of falling spring |
| CN110440634A (en) * | 2019-08-03 | 2019-11-12 | 广州克莱美特仪器设备科技有限公司 | Gun automata icing frosting firing test method |
| CN111257364B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2022-03-29 | 河北省气象科学研究所 | Non-isolated plant organ supercooling point tester |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USH229H (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1987-03-03 | Environmental test chamber | |
| CN2686309Y (en) * | 2004-01-05 | 2005-03-23 | 中国农业科学院农业气象研究所 | Movable temperature control box |
| WO2011108988A1 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-09 | Esco Technologies (Asia) Pte Ltd | Improved low temperature testing equipment |
| CN203432013U (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2014-02-12 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Frosting artificial climate chamber |
| CN104155346B (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2017-09-01 | 江苏大学 | A kind of method of testing and system of the critical freeze injury temperature of plant |
| CN204799282U (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-11-25 | 江苏大学 | Device that frosted in messenger plant blade surface |
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