CN105098837A - Solar photovoltaic grid-connected system - Google Patents
Solar photovoltaic grid-connected system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105098837A CN105098837A CN201510554204.4A CN201510554204A CN105098837A CN 105098837 A CN105098837 A CN 105098837A CN 201510554204 A CN201510554204 A CN 201510554204A CN 105098837 A CN105098837 A CN 105098837A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solar photovoltaic grid-connected system. The system comprises a grid-connected generation unit, a grid-connected inverter, a master controller, a bidirectional electric energy metering device, a distribution switch and an isolation transformer, wherein the grid-connected generation unit is connected with the grid-connected inverter; the grid-connected inverter is connected with the bidirectional electric energy metering device through the distribution switch; the bidirectional electric energy metering device is accessed to an alternating current power grid through the isolation transformer; and a safety protection device is arranged between the isolation transformer and the alternating current power grid. The grid-connected generation unit comprises at least two photovoltaic arrays, and each photovoltaic array is configured with a photovoltaic lightning-proof combiner box. The grid-connected inverter is connected with the master controller through an inversion control device arranged in the inverter; the isolation transformer is connected with the master controller through a transformer measurement and protection device arranged in the transformer; the bidirectional electric energy metering device and the distribution switch are also connected with the master controller. The master controller adopts a dual-core controller which includes a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar photovoltaic technology field, particularly relate to a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the scarcity of the non-renewable energy resources such as coal, oil, energy problem is more and more subject to the attention of countries in the world.Solar energy, as a kind of new forms of energy of great potential, is the continuous nuclear fusion reaction of solar interior and the energy produced.Research and practice shows, directly very abundant to tellurian energy by solar radiation, widely distributed, can regenerate, and it is free from environmental pollution, just there are the energy being equivalent to 21,000,000,000 barrels of oil in every 40 seconds, are equivalent to the energy that the whole world consumes for one day, so the desirable alternate source of the non-renewable energy resources that solar energy is international community generally acknowledges.By the mode of power conversion, Solar use mainly carries out on following three fields: photothermal deformation field (solar water heater, solar cooker, solar energy housing, solar thermal power generation etc.), opto-electronic conversion field (solar photovoltaic generation system) and Photochemical convertion field (solar hydrogen making etc.).Wherein photovoltaic generation is the principal mode of Solar use.
The inverter that photovoltaic generating system is applicable to by cooperation capacity is connected on public electric wire net, just can realize generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, and forms solar energy grid-connected photovoltaic system.Solar energy grid-connected photovoltaic system does not need batteries to store energy, by day in sufficient situation at sunshine, inverter by photovoltaic generating system the DC inverter sent out become sinusoidal ac, the alternating current of generation is except providing local AC load, and excrescent electric power is supplied to public electric wire net; Night or overcast sky, local AC load is then direct obtains required electric power from electrical network.Existing solar energy grid-connected photovoltaic system divides according to synchronizing mode and mainly contains centralized grid-connected system and distributing grid-connected system.The power capacity of centralized grid-connected system is usually more than MW class, it makes full use of the abundant and metastable solar energy resources in Desert Area and builds large-sized photovoltaic power station and access high voltage power transmisson system and supply remote load, but network because it needs to rely on long distance transmission line power transmission, it self is also simultaneously the interference source that of electrical network is larger, there is the problem of the more complicated such as transmission line loss, Voltage Drop, reactive power compensation, make it be difficult to be able to extensive use.The power capacity of distributing grid-connected system is between multikilowatt to hundred multikilowatt, advocate generate electricity nearby, grid-connected, conversion and the principle that uses nearby nearby nearby, effectively can not only improve the energy output of same size photovoltaic plant, also efficiently solve the loss problem of electric power in boosting and long-distance transport simultaneously.Therefore, what be most widely used at present is distributing grid-connected system.But due to existing distributing grid-connected system Problems existing have the complex structure between photovoltaic module and combining inverter, inverter unstable properties and affect whole system stability, be reverse into sinusoidal ac through inverter and directly access public electric wire net and cause mains voltage range to fluctuate the large and impact of instability and lack existing electrical power distribution automatization system and therefore need to be improved to the function that electricity generation system carries out unified supervision.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention provides a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system, especially a kind of distributing grid-connected photovoltaic system, the design of this overall system architecture is ingenious, effectively improve photovoltaic utilance, safe and reliable to operation, the stability of powering can be ensured, in system, be also configured with the master controller of being convenient to carry out information interaction with electrical power distribution automatization system, control reliability is high, can play a positive role to the quality of power supply of public electric wire net and safety and stability.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is, a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system, incoming transport electrical network, comprise the unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, combining inverter, master controller, two-way electrical energy metering device, panel switches and isolating transformer, the described unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is connected with combining inverter, combining inverter is connected with two-way electrical energy metering device by panel switches, two-way electrical energy metering device accesses to AC network by isolating transformer, between isolating transformer and AC network, be provided with safety guard; The described unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems comprises at least two photovoltaic arrays, each photovoltaic array is configured with photovoltaic lightningproof header box, the output of all photovoltaic lightningproof header boxes is connected with the input of described combining inverter, and described photovoltaic lightningproof header box is connected with master controller by photovoltaic convergence detecting device; Described combining inverter is connected with master controller by the inversion control device be arranged in inverter; described isolating transformer is connected with master controller by the transformer measure control protective device be arranged in transformer; described two-way electrical energy metering device is also connected with master controller with panel switches, and described master controller comprises data acquisition module, data processing module and human-computer interaction module.
As a modification of the present invention, also comprise line voltage collector and comparator, described line voltage collector is connected with AC network interface, and for gathering mains voltage signal, described mains voltage signal comprises grid voltage amplitude signal and electric network voltage phase signal; Described comparator is connected with line voltage collector, for revising the phase place of the output voltage of described combining inverter and frequency according to mains voltage signal.
As a modification of the present invention, be configured with DC lightning prevention module, thunder-and-lightning counter, DC fuse, DC circuit breaker and the first MPPT controller in described photovoltaic lightningproof header box, described first MPPT controller is connected with photovoltaic convergence detecting device.Described photovoltaic lightningproof header box carries out one-level to the input of photovoltaic array and confluxes, and is linked into the line of combining inverter for reducing photovoltaic array, thus optimization system structure, improve reliability and maintainability; While described photovoltaic lightningproof header box provides the lightning protection function that confluxes, by the running status of solar module in described photovoltaic convergence detecting device monitoring photovoltaic array, conflux after-current, voltage, power, DC lightning prevention module status, DC circuit breaker state acquisition and relay tip output etc., and the data measured and collect are sent in master controller.Described photovoltaic convergence detecting device adopts Hall element isolation measurement from the electric current of photovoltaic array, and described photovoltaic convergence detecting device is configured with the transducer input interfaces such as wind speed, temperature and irradiation, export, for driving exterior operator with contact.
As a modification of the present invention, described master controller adopts the dual-core controller comprising DSP and FPGA, DSP kernel is responsible for outer voltage and is controlled and MPPT control, and by series peripheral interface spi bus by the output voltage of photovoltaic array and given current signal high-speed transfer to FPGA kernel, FPGA kernel is controlled by the current inner loop of feedforward with voltage and SPWM driving algorithm sends pulse drive signal to combining inverter.Traditional master controller adopts DSP single-processor to design, because dsp processor is almost complete corresponding controlling functions based on software programming, therefore, once after the peripheral circuit complex structure coordinated with DSP, due to the uncertainty that software interrupt occurs, may cause certain time delay to logical signal, the probability causing program to be run breaking down increases.FPGA controller can need its inner concrete logical circuit function of flexible configuration according to working control, is conducive to practical function modularization, improves the reliability of system.And dsp processor exists obvious advantage in real time data processing speed and Systematical control, therefore utilizing the real-time of DSP rapid computations and the high reliability of FPGA to combine to design master controller has the control reliability utilizing raising system.
As a modification of the present invention, described photovoltaic array is made up of several monocrystaline silicon solar cell assemblies, and described monocrystaline silicon solar cell assembly is that the monocrystaline silicon solar cell being 20% by 30 ~ 40 photoelectric conversion efficiencys is encapsulated in frame and forms.
As a modification of the present invention; described photovoltaic convergence detecting device, inversion control device, transformer measure control protective device are connected with master controller by telecommunication cable or CAN with two-way electrical energy metering device; vacuum circuit-breaker selected by described panel switches, and described vacuum circuit-breaker is connected with master controller by control cables.
As a modification of the present invention, described first MPPT controller adopts the circuit topological structure of the additional bypass diode of Boost boost pressure circuit, when the input voltage is lower than the output voltage, Boost boost pressure circuit works, the solar module on photovoltaic array is made to be operated on maximum power point, improve systems generate electricity amount, when input voltage is higher than output voltage, bypass diode conducting makes Boost boost pressure circuit quit work, reduce energy consumption, described maximum power point adopts Step-varied back propagation conductance increment method to carry out calculating and follows the tracks of.
As a modification of the present invention, described combining inverter comprises the input of multiple direct current and inputs corresponding inversion unit with direct current, described inversion unit comprises DC filtering module, DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter and ac filter module, and conflux busbar and electromagnetic interface filter.The described interface quantity of direct current input and the quantity of described photovoltaic lightningproof header box are consistent.Described DC filtering module is used for carrying out filtering to direct current input, described DC/DC converter is used for the direct voltage exported from DC filtering module to boost, described DC/AC converter is used for the direct voltage after by boosting and changes alternating voltage into, DC/AC converter and DC/DC converter one_to_one corresponding, described ac filter module is used for the alternating voltage after by boosting and carries out filtering.The output of all DC/AC converters is connected with the busbar that confluxes, for the alternating voltage exported in DC/AC converter is gathered, described in the conflux output of busbar be connected with electromagnetic interface filter.Described inversion control device adopts the second MPPT controller, makes the input of the direct current of these two converters have best operating voltage for controlling DC/DC converter and DC/AC converter.
As a modification of the present invention; described safety guard comprises ac leakage flow sensor, overvoltage protection device, device for under-voltage releasing equipment, lightning arrester, isolating switch and controller; described ac leakage flow sensor adopts modulate circuit domain controller to be connected by a leakage current, for gathering leakage current signal and passing to the process of leakage current sampling modulate circuit.Described overvoltage protection device, device for under-voltage releasing equipment are all connected with controller with lightning arrester.Described isolating switch is connected with controller, for carrying out safeguard protection by folding isolator operation after controller detects abnormal conditions.
As a modification of the present invention, described human-computer interaction module at least comprises parameter curve display and fault sound and light alarm.
Relative to prior art, the overall construction design of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system proposed by the invention is ingenious, adopt Modular Structure Design, safeguard and easy to use, safe and reliable to operation, and substantially increase control reliability, can play a positive role to the quality of power supply of public electric wire net and safety and stability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention and understanding, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described and introduce.
embodiment 1:as shown in Figure 1, a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system, comprise the unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, combining inverter, master controller, two-way electrical energy metering device, panel switches and isolating transformer, the described unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is connected with combining inverter, combining inverter is connected with two-way electrical energy metering device by panel switches, two-way electrical energy metering device accesses to AC network by isolating transformer, between isolating transformer and AC network, be provided with safety guard; The described unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems comprises at least two photovoltaic arrays, each photovoltaic array is configured with photovoltaic lightningproof header box, the output of all photovoltaic lightningproof header boxes is connected with the input of described combining inverter, and described photovoltaic lightningproof header box is connected with master controller by photovoltaic convergence detecting device; Described combining inverter is connected with master controller by the inversion control device be arranged in inverter; described isolating transformer is connected with master controller by the transformer measure control protective device be arranged in transformer; described two-way electrical energy metering device is also connected with master controller with panel switches, and described master controller comprises data acquisition module, data processing module and human-computer interaction module.
embodiment 2:as a modification of the present invention, also comprise line voltage collector and comparator, described line voltage collector is connected with AC network interface, and for gathering mains voltage signal, described mains voltage signal comprises grid voltage amplitude signal and electric network voltage phase signal; Described comparator is connected with line voltage collector, for revising the phase place of the output voltage of described combining inverter and frequency according to mains voltage signal.All the other structures are identical with embodiment 1 with advantage.
embodiment 3:as a modification of the present invention, described master controller adopts the dual-core controller comprising DSP and FPGA, DSP kernel is responsible for outer voltage and is controlled and MPPT control, and by series peripheral interface spi bus by the output voltage of photovoltaic array and given current signal high-speed transfer to FPGA kernel, FPGA kernel is controlled by the current inner loop of feedforward with voltage and SPWM driving algorithm sends pulse drive signal to combining inverter.Traditional master controller adopts DSP single-processor to design, because dsp processor is almost complete corresponding controlling functions based on software programming, therefore, once after the peripheral circuit complex structure coordinated with DSP, due to the uncertainty that software interrupt occurs, may cause certain time delay to logical signal, the probability causing program to be run breaking down increases.FPGA controller can need its inner concrete logical circuit function of flexible configuration according to working control, is conducive to practical function modularization, improves the reliability of system.And dsp processor exists obvious advantage in real time data processing speed and Systematical control, therefore utilizing the real-time of DSP rapid computations and the high reliability of FPGA to combine to design master controller has the control reliability utilizing raising system.All the other structures are identical with embodiment 1 with advantage.
embodiment 4:as a modification of the present invention, be configured with DC lightning prevention module, thunder-and-lightning counter, DC fuse, DC circuit breaker and the first MPPT controller in described photovoltaic lightningproof header box, described first MPPT controller is connected with photovoltaic convergence detecting device.Described photovoltaic lightningproof header box carries out one-level to the input of photovoltaic array and confluxes, and is linked into the line of combining inverter for reducing photovoltaic array, thus optimization system structure, improve reliability and maintainability; While described photovoltaic lightningproof header box provides the lightning protection function that confluxes, by the running status of solar module in described photovoltaic convergence detecting device monitoring photovoltaic array, conflux after-current, voltage, power, DC lightning prevention module status, DC circuit breaker state acquisition and relay tip output etc., and the data measured and collect are sent in master controller.Described photovoltaic convergence detecting device adopts Hall element isolation measurement from the electric current of photovoltaic array, and described photovoltaic convergence detecting device is configured with the transducer input interfaces such as wind speed, temperature and irradiation, export, for driving exterior operator with contact.All the other structures are identical with embodiment 1 with advantage.
embodiment 5:as a modification of the present invention, described photovoltaic array is made up of several monocrystaline silicon solar cell assemblies, and described monocrystaline silicon solar cell assembly is that the monocrystaline silicon solar cell being 20% by 30 ~ 40 photoelectric conversion efficiencys is encapsulated in frame and forms.All the other structures are identical with embodiment 1 with advantage.
embodiment 6:as a modification of the present invention; described photovoltaic convergence detecting device, inversion control device, transformer measure control protective device are connected with master controller by telecommunication cable or CAN with two-way electrical energy metering device; vacuum circuit-breaker selected by described panel switches, and described vacuum circuit-breaker is connected with master controller by control cables.All the other structures are identical with embodiment 1 with advantage.
embodiment 7:as a modification of the present invention, described first MPPT controller adopts the circuit topological structure of the additional bypass diode of Boost boost pressure circuit, when the input voltage is lower than the output voltage, Boost boost pressure circuit works, the solar module on photovoltaic array is made to be operated on maximum power point, improve systems generate electricity amount, when input voltage is higher than output voltage, bypass diode conducting makes Boost boost pressure circuit quit work, reduce energy consumption, described maximum power point adopts Step-varied back propagation conductance increment method to carry out calculating and follows the tracks of.All the other structures are identical with embodiment 1 with advantage.
embodiment 8:as a modification of the present invention, described combining inverter comprises the input of multiple direct current and inputs corresponding inversion unit with direct current, described inversion unit comprises DC filtering module, DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter and ac filter module, and conflux busbar and electromagnetic interface filter.The described interface quantity of direct current input and the quantity of described photovoltaic lightningproof header box are consistent.Described DC filtering module is used for carrying out filtering to direct current input, described DC/DC converter is used for the direct voltage exported from DC filtering module to boost, described DC/AC converter is used for the direct voltage after by boosting and changes alternating voltage into, DC/AC converter and DC/DC converter one_to_one corresponding, described ac filter module is used for the alternating voltage after by boosting and carries out filtering.The output of all DC/AC converters is connected with the busbar that confluxes, for the alternating voltage exported in DC/AC converter is gathered, described in the conflux output of busbar be connected with electromagnetic interface filter.Described inversion control device adopts the second MPPT controller, makes the input of the direct current of these two converters have best operating voltage for controlling DC/DC converter and DC/AC converter.All the other structures are identical with embodiment 1 with advantage.
embodiment 9:as a modification of the present invention; described safety guard comprises ac leakage flow sensor, overvoltage protection device, device for under-voltage releasing equipment, lightning arrester, isolating switch and controller; described ac leakage flow sensor adopts modulate circuit domain controller to be connected by a leakage current, for gathering leakage current signal and passing to the process of leakage current sampling modulate circuit.Described overvoltage protection device, device for under-voltage releasing equipment are all connected with controller with lightning arrester.Described isolating switch is connected with controller, for carrying out safeguard protection by folding isolator operation after controller detects abnormal conditions.All the other structures are identical with embodiment 1 with advantage.
embodiment 10:as a modification of the present invention, described human-computer interaction module at least comprises parameter curve display and fault sound and light alarm.All the other structures are identical with embodiment 1 with advantage.
At least one in technical characteristic described in embodiment 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 and embodiment 1 can also be combined to form new execution mode by the present invention.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment, be not used for limiting protection scope of the present invention, equivalents done on the basis of technique scheme or the alternative scope all falling into the claims in the present invention and protect.In the claims, word " comprises " and does not get rid of existence and do not arrange element in the claims.First, second use of word does not represent any order, can be title by these word explanations.
Claims (10)
1. a solar photovoltaic grid-connection system, incoming transport electrical network, comprise the unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, combining inverter and master controller, it is characterized in that: also comprise two-way electrical energy metering device, panel switches, isolating transformer, the described unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is connected with combining inverter, combining inverter is connected with two-way electrical energy metering device by panel switches, two-way electrical energy metering device accesses to AC network by isolating transformer, between isolating transformer and AC network, be provided with safety guard; The described unit that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems comprises at least two photovoltaic arrays, each photovoltaic array is configured with photovoltaic lightningproof header box, the output of all photovoltaic lightningproof header boxes is connected with the input of described combining inverter, and described photovoltaic lightningproof header box is connected with master controller by photovoltaic convergence detecting device; Described combining inverter is connected with master controller by the inversion control device be arranged in inverter; described isolating transformer is connected with master controller by the transformer measure control protective device be arranged in transformer; described two-way electrical energy metering device is also connected with master controller with panel switches, and described master controller comprises data acquisition module, data processing module and human-computer interaction module.
2. a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise line voltage collector and comparator, described line voltage collector is connected with AC network interface, for gathering mains voltage signal, described mains voltage signal comprises grid voltage amplitude signal and electric network voltage phase signal; Described comparator is connected with line voltage collector.
3. a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, be configured with DC lightning prevention module, thunder-and-lightning counter, DC fuse, DC circuit breaker and the first MPPT controller in described photovoltaic lightningproof header box, described first MPPT controller is connected with photovoltaic convergence detecting device.
4. a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described master controller adopts the dual-core controller comprising DSP and FPGA.
5. a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described photovoltaic array is made up of several monocrystaline silicon solar cell assemblies, and described monocrystaline silicon solar cell assembly is that the monocrystaline silicon solar cell being 20% by 30 ~ 40 photoelectric conversion efficiencys is encapsulated in frame and forms.
6. a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; described photovoltaic convergence detecting device, inversion control device, transformer measure control protective device are connected with master controller by telecommunication cable or CAN with two-way electrical energy metering device; vacuum circuit-breaker selected by described panel switches, and described vacuum circuit-breaker is connected with master controller by control cables.
7. a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described first MPPT controller adopts the circuit topological structure of the additional bypass diode of Boost boost pressure circuit, and adopts Step-varied back propagation conductance increment method to carry out calculating tracking maximum power point.
8. a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described combining inverter comprises multiple DC/DC converter, multiple DC/AC converter, conflux busbar and electromagnetic interface filter, the quantity of described DC/DC converter and the quantity of described photovoltaic lightningproof header box are consistent, described DC/AC converter and DC/DC converter one_to_one corresponding, the described busbar that confluxes is connected to the output of all DC/AC converters, and described electromagnetic interface filter is connected with the output of the busbar that confluxes; Described inversion control device adopts the second MPPT controller.
9. a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; described safety guard comprises ac leakage flow sensor, overvoltage protection device, device for under-voltage releasing equipment, lightning arrester, isolating switch and controller, and described ac leakage flow sensor, overvoltage protection device, device for under-voltage releasing equipment, lightning arrester are all connected with controller with isolating switch.
10. a kind of solar photovoltaic grid-connection system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described human-computer interaction module at least comprises parameter curve display and fault sound and light alarm.
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| CN105743125A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-07-06 | 保定英利分布式能源股份有限公司 | Grid-connected inversion control device and grid-connected power generation system |
| CN106253340A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-12-21 | 内蒙古科林统德新能源科技发展有限公司 | The concentration grid-connected system of photovoltaic plant |
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| CN109038665A (en) * | 2018-08-12 | 2018-12-18 | 苏州首汇能源科技有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic generating system based on two CSTR |
| CN110112773A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-09 | 厦门理工学院 | A kind of flexible mono-crystalline silicon solar power generator |
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