The preparation method of positive electrode, positive pole, battery and positive electrode
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of positive electrode, particularly relate to a kind of lignin-polypyrrole positive electrode.
The invention still further relates to a kind of positive pole with lignin-polypyrrole.
The invention still further relates to a kind of battery with the positive pole of lignin-polypyrrole.
The invention still further relates to a kind of preparation method of positive electrode.
Background technology
Lignin is the armaticity high polymer containing oxo phenylpropanol or derivatives thereof construction unit in a kind of unbodied, molecular structure be present in plant, and its three kinds of principal monomers are tonquinol, coniferyl alcohol and sinapinic alcohol.Lignin contains abundant methoxyl group and hydroxyl, and methoxyl group is quite stable on phenyl ring, is one of characteristic group of lignin.Hydroxyl is divided into two kinds: a kind of is be present in the fatty alcohol hydroxyl on lignin structure unit side chain; Another kind is the phenolic hydroxyl group be present in phenyl ring, and phenolic hydroxyl group is one of major parameter affecting lignin physicochemical properties.As one of renewable resource the abundantest on the earth, lignin is distributed widely in and has pteridophyte plant and more in higher plant, is chemical composition specific to gymnosperm and angiosperm; The basic framework of plant is formed with cellulose and hemicellulose.
Lignin wide material sources, it is the Main By product of pulp and paper industry, also be indispensable accessory substance in wood hydrolysis industry, there is renewable, cheap, degradability, the excellent physical and chemical performance such as nontoxic, pollution-free, if be not fully utilized, not only cause serious environmental pollution, and cause the significant waste of resource.Along with the rise of Green Chemistry, the proposition of recycling economy and the strategy of sustainable development, the pollution problem solving a large amount of lignin that a large amount of production of cellulose produces simultaneously and derivative thereof is extremely urgent.
Polypyrrole as conducting polymer because of its be easy to preparation, good environmental stability and higher conductance be considered to most one of conducting polymer composite having commercial value, obtains research and apply widely at numerous areas such as electrocatalysis material, transducer, anti-corrosion of metal material, secondary battery electrode material, Drug re-lease materials and automatically controlled ion-exchanges.
The performance of lithium ion battery depends primarily on the stuctures and properties of inside battery material used.These inside battery materials comprise negative material, electrolyte, barrier film and positive electrode etc.Wherein the selection of positive and negative electrode material and quality directly determine performance and the price of lithium ion battery.Therefore research that is cheap, high performance positive and negative electrode material is the emphasis of lithium ion battery industry development always.Negative material generally selects material with carbon element, current development comparative maturity.And the exploitation of positive electrode has become the restriction key factor that performance of lithium ion battery improves further, price reduces further.In the current lithium ion battery commercially produced, the cost of positive electrode accounts for greatly about 40% of whole battery cost, and the reduction of positive electrode price directly decides the reduction of lithium ion battery price.Especially true to lithium-ion-power cell.
Anode material for lithium-ion batteries is all generally the oxide of lithium.That studies often has LiCoO
2, LiNiO
2, LiMn
2o
4, LiFePO
4with the oxide etc. of vanadium.Substantially the LiCoO of layer structure is selected in current business-like lithium ion battery
2as positive electrode, the major advantage of this positive electrode is: operating voltage is higher, charging/discharging voltage is steady, and be applicable to high current charge-discharge, specific energy is high, good cycle, and conductivity is high, and production technology is simple, easy to be prepared; Major defect is expensive, and anti-over-charging is electrically poor, and cycle performance needs to be improved further.LiNiO
2advantage as positive electrode is: self-discharge rate is low, pollution-free, and have good compatibility with multiple electrolyte, price is relatively cheap; Shortcoming is: preparation condition is very harsh, poor heat stability, easy recurring structure change in charge and discharge process, the cycle performance of battery is deteriorated.LiMn
2o
4advantage as positive electrode is: promoter manganese is abundant, low price, and fail safe is high, than being easier to preparation; Shortcoming is that theoretical capacity is not high, and material can slowly dissolve in the electrolyte, namely not so good with electrolytical compatibility, in the process of degree of depth discharge and recharge, easily there is the rugged change of lattice in material, causes battery capacity to decay rapidly, all the more so when particularly using at relatively high temperatures.LiFePO
4be one of popular anode material for lithium-ion batteries of Recent study, major defect is that theoretical capacity is not high, and room-temperature conductivity is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of cheap, simple positive electrode of preparation technology.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of positive pole of battery.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of battery.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of positive electrode of battery.
For one of achieving the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of positive electrode, described positive electrode comprises lignin-polypyrrole compound.
Further, described lignin-polypyrrole compound is prepared in accordance with the following methods: lignin salt is soluble in water, adds pyrroles, then adds nitrous acid, at-5 ~ 15 DEG C of polymerization reaction 10 ~ 15h, after filtration, clean, be drying to obtain lignin-polypyrrole compound.
Further, described lignin salt is selected from least one in ammonium lignosulphonate, sodium lignin sulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, magnesium lignosulfonate.
Further, the mass ratio of described lignin salt and pyrroles is 0.05 ~ 0.3:1.
Further, the mol ratio of described pyrroles and nitrous acid is 1:1 ~ 1.2.
A positive pole for battery, comprises foregoing positive electrode.
A kind of battery, comprise positive pole, negative pole, barrier film and electrolyte, described positive pole comprises foregoing positive electrode.
A preparation method for positive electrode, specifically: lignin salt is soluble in water, adds pyrroles, the mass ratio of lignin salt and pyrroles is 0.05 ~ 0.3:1, add nitrous acid under agitation, the mol ratio of pyrroles and nitrous acid is 1:1 ~ 1.2, at-5 ~ 15 DEG C of polymerization reaction 10 ~ 15h, stop polymerization reaction, filter, obtain filter cake, with washes of absolute alcohol filter cake to colourless, be dried to constant weight in vacuum drying chamber again, grind and obtain lignin-polypyrrole compound.
Lignin contains and enriches phenolic groups, and can be further converted to quinones by oxidizing process, in oxidation/reduction process, the quinonyl in lignin can be used for storage and the exchange of electronics and proton, therefore can as electrode material.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The cheaper starting materials that 1 the present invention adopts, lignin derives from wood, and wood is a kind of inexhaustible and reproducible resource, using the black liquor in pulp and paper industry as the source of lignin, produces cost of material hardly; Another raw material polypyrrole is also all more cheap than existing metal electrode a lot, and therefore positive electrode of the present invention can replace the positive electrode of existing lithium battery, and large spoke reduces battery cost of manufacture, solves again the pollution problem of paper industry simultaneously.
2 the present invention nitrous acid used when preparing lignin-polypyrrole compound is strong oxidizer, it is again inorganic weak acid, more be conducive to polymerization reaction, Reaction time shorten than conventional oxidant, the specific area of the lignin obtained-polypyrrole compound can reach 60 ~ 80m
2/ g; Using the battery that this lignin-polypyrrole compound is prepared as positive electrode, initial discharge capacity is large, and have good cycle performance, capability retention is good, and this lignin-polypyrrole compound is the desirable positive electrode of high-capacity lithium ion cell.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure of the lignin-polypyrrole compound of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the TEM figure of the lignin-polypyrrole compound of embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the first charge-discharge curve of the battery of embodiment 6;
Fig. 4 is the cycle performance curve of the battery of embodiment 6.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further:
embodiment 1
0.2g sodium lignin sulfonate is added in the flask containing 200mL water, be stirred to and dissolve completely, add 1g(1.03mL) pyrroles, and stir, drip 0.7g nitrous acid under agitation, at 0 DEG C of polymerization reaction 15h, stop polymerization reaction, filter, obtain filter cake, repeatedly clean filter cake to colourless with absolute ethyl alcohol, then in the dry 26h of 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers to constant weight, grind and obtain lignin-polypyrrole compound.Its ESEM is (1 μm) as shown in Figure 1, and transmission electron microscope is (100nm) as shown in Figure 2, and the diameter of lignin-polypyrrole compound reaches nanoscale, and average grain diameter is about 100nm, and size distribution is even, does not significantly assemble between particle.
Energy spectrum analysis proves, polypyrrole and lignosulfonates are present in products therefrom; Specific area test display, the specific area of this compound is 75 ~ 80m
2/ g.
embodiment 2
0.3g ammonium lignosulphonate is added in the flask containing 200mL water, be stirred to and dissolve completely, add 1g(1.03mL) pyrroles, and stir, drip 0.84g nitrous acid under agitation, at-5 DEG C of polymerization reaction 15h, stop polymerization reaction, filter, obtain filter cake, repeatedly clean filter cake to colourless with absolute ethyl alcohol, then in the dry 20h of 80 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers to constant weight, grind and obtain lignin-polypyrrole compound.
Energy spectrum analysis proves, polypyrrole and lignosulfonates are present in products therefrom; Specific area test display, the specific area of this compound is 70 ~ 76m
2/ g.
embodiment 3
0.05g calcium lignosulfonate is added in the flask containing 200mL water, be stirred to and dissolve completely, add 1g(1.03mL) pyrroles, and stir, drip 0.7g nitrous acid under agitation, at 15 DEG C of polymerization reaction 10h, stop polymerization reaction, filter, obtain filter cake, repeatedly clean filter cake to colourless with absolute ethyl alcohol, then in the dry 25h of 70 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers to constant weight, grind and obtain lignin-polypyrrole compound.
Energy spectrum analysis proves, polypyrrole and lignosulfonates are present in products therefrom; Specific area test display, the specific area of this compound is 60 ~ 66m
2/ g.
embodiment 4
0.1g magnesium lignosulfonate is added in the flask containing 200mL water, be stirred to and dissolve completely, add 1g(1.03mL) pyrroles, and stir, drip 0.78g nitrous acid under agitation, at 5 DEG C of polymerization reaction 12h, stop polymerization reaction, filter, obtain filter cake, repeatedly clean filter cake to colourless with absolute ethyl alcohol, then in the dry 24h of 60 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers to constant weight, grind and obtain lignin-polypyrrole compound.
Energy spectrum analysis proves, polypyrrole and lignosulfonates are present in products therefrom; Specific area test display, the specific area of this compound is 65 ~ 70m
2/ g.
embodiment 5
0.2g sodium lignin sulfonate and magnesium lignosulfonate are added in the flask containing 200mL water, be stirred to and dissolve completely, add 1g(1.03mL) pyrroles, and stir, drip 0.80g nitrous acid under agitation, at 10 DEG C of polymerization reaction 13h, stop polymerization reaction, filter, obtain filter cake, repeatedly clean filter cake to colourless with absolute ethyl alcohol, then in the dry 22h of 70 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers to constant weight, grind and obtain lignin-polypyrrole compound.
Energy spectrum analysis proves, polypyrrole and lignosulfonates are present in products therefrom; Specific area test display, the specific area of this compound is 65 ~ 72m
2/ g.
embodiment 6
The positive pole of battery generally includes plus plate current-collecting body and positive active material, and collector is known to ordinary skill in the art, for collecting the electric current that results from positive pole and providing effective electric interface, electric current is caused external circuit.The material of collector can be selected from the material usually selected based on the present invention, such as, can include but are not limited to aluminium foil.
The plus plate current-collecting body of the present embodiment is aluminium foil, and positive active material is lignin-polypyrrole compound that embodiment 1 obtains, and gained anode can be used for preparing battery, and battery also comprises negative pole, barrier film and electrolyte.
The negative pole of battery comprises negative current collector and negative electrode active material.Negative current collector can be the material usually selected, and includes but are not limited to Copper Foil, and the present embodiment adopts Copper Foil; Negative electrode active material includes but are not limited to graphite, and the present embodiment adopts graphite.
Barrier film is arranged between positive pole and negative pole, can be the non-conducting of a kind of solid or Ins. ulative material, positive pole and negative pole are separated, and make both mutually insulateds, thus prevent short circuit, and barrier film can allow ion to transmit between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, usually adopt polypropylene and/or polyethylene, the present embodiment adopts polyethylene.
Electrolyte at least comprises electrolyte and organic solvent.Electrolyte can include but are not limited to lithium hexafluoro phosphate, LiBF4, lithium perchlorate.One skilled in the art will appreciate that lithium salts can effectively increase electrolytical ionic conductivity.Electrolytical organic solvent can be common organic aqueous solution, as ether, vinyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate etc.The present embodiment take lithium perchlorate as electrolyte, and diethyl carbonate is organic solvent.
Obtained battery is carried out cycle performance test, and result as shown in Figure 3, with 1C discharge and recharge standard circulation 300 weeks rear capability retentions for 92.38%, proves that this battery has excellent cycle performance.
The first charge-discharge curve of battery under different multiplying as shown in Figure 4, curve 1,2,3,4 is 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1.0C multiplying power respectively, its specific discharge capacity is respectively 149, and 143,133 and 129mA h/g, a smooth discharge platform is had at about 3.4V, charging/discharging voltage platform difference about 0.08 under 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C and 1.0C, 0.09,0.16 and 0.19V; Along with the increase of discharge-rate, sample charging/discharging voltage platform difference also increases, and which reflects sample when increase multiplying factor discharges, and the dynamic polarization degree in cyclic process increases to some extent, and thus specific discharge capacity decreases.
Therefore, lignin of the present invention-polypyrrole compound chemical property is good, can be used as a kind of Olivine-type Cathode Material in Li-ion Batteries.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, anyly belongs to those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.