CN105095626A - Voluntary/involuntary action device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a voluntary/involuntary action device applicable to psychological experiments. The voluntary/involuntary action device comprises an action driving system, an action transfer system and an action sensing system and is characterized in that the action sensing system is composed of a wearable part and an induction part contacted with the wearable part; the wearable part is used for containing four limbs of a human body; when the action driving system acts, actions are transferred to the action sensing system through the action transfer system; and thus, involuntary actions of the four limbs of the human body can be realized through the action sensing system. By means of the voluntary/involuntary action device disclosed by the invention, tested voluntary/involuntary actions of humans satisfying psychological experiments, in particular a key pressing action and a key lifting action, can be flexibly realized;
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Experiment of Psychology Instrument technology field, is exactly can realize independently/non-autonomous-button/lift key action by so a kind of device specifically, and can ensure that four kinds of actions cardinal principle in strength is identical.Like this can very well for Experiment of Psychology provides equipment to ensure.
Background technology
The Experiment of Psychology instrument of generally acknowledging at present all can only realize autonomous button/lift key action, but can't ensure equal in strength completely.Or ground, the experimentation of most literature report, autonomous button/lift key action is decided in its sole discretion by subject completely, its strength can't ensure completely equal, can bring great unfavorable factor to experiment.In addition, for some non-autonomous button or lift key action be current Experiment of Psychology deficient.Along with to the ACTIVE CONTROL sense of people and deepening continuously of motion study itself, a kind of not only safety, simple but also autonomous/the device of non-autonomous action can be realized easily simultaneously can be good at ensureing that these are studied.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: object of the present invention is exactly the deficiency in order to overcome existing device, provides a kind of device that can simultaneously realize from non-autonomous action of advocating peace, and the error of the experimenter that can forgo in strength.Preferably, the present invention designs for studying non-active action specially.
Technical scheme: in order to achieve the above object, the invention discloses independently a kind of device of/non-autonomous action, and the device of more precisely a kind of non-autonomous action, namely realizes the research of non-autonomous action.Certainly, also can realize for autonomous action, and can dynamics be controlled, better for the comparative study with non-autonomous action.
With regard to purposes, this device be for study the mankind autonomous/non-autonomous action, particularly non-autonomous action.Specifically, to study with button and/or to lift key dynamic representatively.Independently this/non-autonomous action is the four limbs by human body, as finger, palm, arm, elbow, toe, sole, leg send.After action sends, adopt psychological study system, the effect of operation of recording, and for studying the content such as anthropopsychology, behaviouristics.
This device comprises an action drives system, action transmission system and action induction system, it is characterized in that, described action induction system forms by dressing the inductive means that parts contact with it, and described wearing parts hold human limb position; When action drives system produces action, be passed to action induction system through action transmission system, realize human limb sends non-autonomous action in action induction system.
The four limbs position of described human body, refers to finger, palm, arm, elbow, toe, sole or leg.
Described realizes human limb sends non-autonomous action in action induction system, refers to button and/or lifts key action.
Described action induction system is by dressing parts and forming with the inductive means dressing component contact.Described wearing parts hold human limb position.Dress parts and be selected from the wearing parts adapted with four limbs, such as, finger ring, gloves/cylinder, footmuff/cylinder etc.Inductive means is connected with conventional psychological study system (detection system), and induction position is generally keyboard, button, switch, touch pad, touch-screen etc.
Described action transmission system, being the action sent for transmitting action drives system, usually realizing the transmission of action in the mode of power.The position according to action drives system and action induction system of action transmission system and arranging, passes to action induction system by action.The transmission of strength is anisotropic, such as horizontal or vertical transmission.Wherein, lever is preferred.The action of the substantially the same non-autonomous button of strength of action/lift key is realized with lever.The shape of lever is various types of, as long as realize the transmission of action.Wherein, the fulcrum left and right sides of lever arranges stop, to protect lever and human limb.Dead-centre position arranges spring respectively, to keep lever level, guarantees that the recovery of action (such as, after sending actuation of keys, restores actuation of keys along with spring opposition automatically simultaneously; Otherwise, send after lifting key action, automatically restore along with spring opposition and lift key action).
More preferably, described action transmission system comprises transmission lever (lever), spring members, stop, the fulcrum of a metal.
Described action drives system, connecting and interoperation transmission system, is the happening part of rule, controlled non-active action.Action drives system successively sends action by motion, and in action induction system realization non-autonomous action successively.
More preferably, action drives system is selected from motor driven systems or electromagnet driving system for silk.
Beneficial effect: the present invention can make up the blank of the non-autonomous motion study device lacked in the world at present, and Instrument Design is simple, workable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the perspective view originally delivered
Fig. 2 is that the present invention realizes non-autonomous button schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is that the present invention realizes non-autonomous and lifts key schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is autonomous/and non-autonomous movement device is in kind, and experiment flow figure (A), experimental provision schematic diagram (B) and experiment condition schematic diagram (C)
Fig. 5-1 behaviouristics result
The brain wave figure of the FCz point of Fig. 5-2 when the time interval is 240-280ms
The brain wave figure of the FCz point of Fig. 5-3 when the time interval is 440-480ms
Embodiment
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 motor drive coils autonomous/non-autonomous movement device
This device comprises an action drives system, action transmission system and action induction system, and described action induction system forms by dressing the inductive means that parts contact with it, and described wearing parts hold human limb position; When action drives system produces action, be passed to action induction system through action transmission system, realize human limb sends non-autonomous action in action induction system.
As Figure 1-1, described action drives system is the system of coil motor driver, comprises a fixed mount A1, electric motor A2, control assembly A3, pulley A4, dish line A5.Described control assembly A3 controls electric motor A2, controls it and starts and rotating speed.Described control assembly A3 can be microcomputer control assembly, controls to realize accurate rotating speed.
Described action transmission system comprises transmission lever (lever), spring members A6, stop A7, the fulcrum A8 of a metal.The dish line A5 of transmission lever one end connecting moves drive system of action transmission system, the finger ring A9 of one end connecting moves induction system, realizes the transmission of action.
The wearing parts of described action induction system are finger ring A9, can hold human finger.What finger ring A9 contacted is that inductive means A10, A10 are connected with the psychological study system (detection system) of routine further.
Operating process is, as shown in Fig. 1-2,1-3, experimenter starts A3, motor drives and rotates rotating shrinking dish line A5, by pulley A4 power become the power under upper conjunction, transmission lever one end of sweeping action transmission system upwards or move downward, thus causes the other end of transmission lever to move downward or upward, namely the finger of subject does rightabout motion, thus generation non-autonomous button/lift key action.The speed of this process and time are that experimenter can carry out controlling by microsystem.
Meanwhile, in contrast, subject's initiatively button and lift key thus realize autonomous button and lift key action.
Embodiment 2 solenoid actuated autonomous/non-autonomous movement device
As shown in Figure 2, described action drives system is solenoid actuated, comprises electromagnet B4 setting up and down, circuit B1, control assembly B2 and B3 and power supply.Control assembly B2 and B3 controls electromagnet B4 setting up and down respectively, and controls strength and the speed of solenoid actuated by power supply.
Described action transmission system comprises transmission lever (lever), spring members B5, stop B7, the fulcrum B8 of a metal.There is magnetic strength part B 6 transmission lever one end of action transmission system, and the finger ring B9 of one end connecting moves induction system, realizes the transmission of action.Magnetic strength part B 6 can be attracted by electromagnet, such as iron plate or ingot iron.
The wearing parts of described action induction system are finger ring B9, can hold human finger.What finger ring B9 contacted is that inductive means B10, B10 are connected with the psychological study system (detection system) of routine further.
Operating process is, experimenter starts B2 or B3, electromagnet B4 attracts the B6 of transmission lever end, transmission lever one end of sweeping action transmission system upwards or move downward, thus cause the other end of transmission lever to move downward or upward, namely the finger of subject does rightabout motion, thus generation non-autonomous button/lift key action.The speed of this process and time are that experimenter can carry out controlling by the current/voltage of electromagnet driving system for silk.
Meanwhile, in contrast, subject's initiatively button and lift key thus realize autonomous button and lift key action.
Embodiment 3 motor-driven belt autonomous/non-autonomous movement device
As shown in Figure 3, described action drives system is motors driving belts device, comprises an electric motor C1, control assembly C2, pulley C4, belt C3.Described control assembly C2 controls electric motor C1, controls it and starts and rotating speed.Described control assembly C2 can be microcomputer control assembly, controls to realize accurate rotating speed.
Described action transmission system comprises transmission lever (lever), spring members C5, stop C7, the fulcrum C8 of a metal.The belt C3 of flange C6 connecting moves drive system is passed through in transmission lever one end of action transmission system, and the finger ring C9 of one end connecting moves induction system, realizes the transmission of action.
The wearing parts of described action induction system are finger ring C9, can hold human finger.What finger ring C9 contacted is that inductive means C10, C10 are connected with the psychological study system (detection system) of routine further.
Operating process is, experimenter starts control assembly C2, motors driving belts C3 moves up or down, by flange C6 power become upper or under power, transmission lever one end of sweeping action transmission system upwards or move downward, thus cause the other end of transmission lever to move downward or upward, namely the finger of subject does rightabout motion, thus generation non-autonomous button/lift key action.The speed of this process and time are that experimenter can carry out controlling by microsystem connection C2.
Meanwhile, in contrast, subject's initiatively button and lift key thus realize autonomous button and lift key action.
Experiment and application testing content
Independently/non-autonomous-button/lift the brain electricity differential psychology experimental study of key time compress effect in the Time Perception stage
(1) experiment purpose: experiment discussion autonomous/non-autonomous-button/lift key operation condition under the brain electricity difference in Time Perception stage.(2) method
Tested
15 Healthy subjects (schoolgirl 6,22.73 ± 2.08 years old age), eyesight or correct defects of vision normal, is dextro manuality.All tested before formal experiment, all informed experiment by oral points for attention and remuneration require read Informed Consent Form and sign.
Experimental design and program
Autonomous button condition estimated time: require testedly loosen and sit up straight before computer screen, eyes are apart from the general 70cm of distance of screen.There is an autonomous/non-autonomous movement device (lifting key and/or button, the embodiment of the present invention 1) in tested left side, and Figure of description 4 is shown in by complete experimental provision.Require tested left index finger to stretch and be placed on " Ctrl " of keyboard in the finger ring being placed on device gently, right hand forefinger is placed on left mouse button gently.A black bars (1cm × 1cm) is first presented on center Screen, requires that the tested forefinger left hand is placed on " Ctrl " key and also when they think button time, just presses " Ctrl " key.In order to prevent tested unconscious button and missed keys, be provided with the invalid key press time section of 500ms.Testedly will point out tested button again at this stage key system.After pressing " Ctrl " key, black bars disappears immediately, and and then an empty screen continues random time (240-280ms; 440-480ms), then there is a red square in screen and continue 500ms.Testedly need to click any point on time chi with left mouse button thus the estimated time (0-600ms has 5 calibration points intervals to be 100ms) providing oneself.Examination time between be spaced apart 1200-2000ms.The start time of brain electricity mark is that black bars disappears.
Independently lift key condition estimated time: require tested left index finger to stretch and be placed on " Ctrl " of keyboard in the finger ring being placed on device gently, right hand forefinger is placed on left mouse button gently.First empty screen occurs and maintains until testedly press and pin " Ctrl " key always, and black bars appears in center Screen.Require testedly when they want to lift key time, to lift " Ctrl " key.In order to prevent testedly too fast lifting key, being provided with the invalid of 500ms equally and lifting the key stage, testedly lift key in this stage and will be required to restart examination time.Tested once lift key, black bars can disappear immediately.And then an empty screen continues random time (240-280ms; 440-480ms), there is a red square in screen and continue 500ms.Require that time chi that tested click one indicates time scale provides the interval estimated time of oneself.(0-600ms has 5 calibration points intervals to be 100ms).Examination time between be spaced apart 1200-2000ms.The start time of brain electricity mark is that black bars disappears.
Non-autonomous button condition estimated time: require tested left index finger to stretch and be placed on " Ctrl " of keyboard in the finger ring being placed on device gently, right hand forefinger is placed on left mouse button gently.A black bars (1cm × 1cm) is first presented on center Screen, and the gearing that motor drives can make tested left index finger press gently.Passive press " Ctrl " key after, black bars disappears immediately, and and then an empty screen continues random time (240-280ms; 440-480ms), there is red square in screen and continue 500ms.Tested needs is clicked any point on time chi with left mouse button thus provides the estimated time at interval.Examination time between be spaced apart 1200-2000ms.The start time of brain electricity mark is that black bars disappears.
Non-autonomous lifts key condition estimated time: require tested left index finger to stretch and be placed on " Ctrl " of keyboard in the finger ring being placed on device gently, right hand forefinger is placed on left mouse button gently.First be that empty screen maintains until testedly press and pin " Ctrl " key always, center Screen occurred black bars.The gearing that motor drives can make tested left index finger press gently.Tested once non-autonomous lifts key, black bars can disappear immediately.And then an empty screen continues random time (240-280ms; 440-480ms), there is a red square in screen and continue 500ms.Require that the tested time chi (0-600ms has 5 calibration points intervals to be 100ms) going click one to indicate time scale as early as possible provides the estimated time of oneself.Examination time between be spaced apart 1200-2000ms.The start time of brain electricity mark is that black bars disappears.
Data record adopts 32 of Neuroscan company to lead NuAmpsDC amplifier, and presses 40 conduction polar cap (HEOR, HEOL, VEOU, VEOL, FP1 of international 10-20 system extension, F7, F3, FZ, F4, F8, FT7, FC3, FCZ, FC4, FT8, T3, C3, CZ, C4, T4, TP7, CP3, CPZ, CP4, TP8, T5, P3, PZ, P4, T6, O1, OZ, O2 and two reference electrode A1, A2.Using right mastoid process electrode as reference electrode, record left mastoid process voltage simultaneously, off-line is converted to average reference (Delorme & Makeig, 2004) by EEGlab process and adopts the method for independent component analysis (ICA) to remove eye and moves and Muscle artifacts.By two the electrode records being placed in 2 centimeters outside canthus, left and right, vertical eye electricity leads to for DC-70Hz by the electrode record cake resistancet being placed in the upper and lower 2cm of left eye central shaft, and sampling rate (A/D) is led for 1000Hz/.Scalp impedance is all less than 5K ohm.Analyze F3, FZ, F4, FC3, FCZ, FC46 point.Adopt 1-30Hz without phase digital filtering.Wave amplitude is considered as artefact outside ± 75uV.The P2 composition that have selected postponing result expectation is analyzed, have chosen the variance analysis that peak value and latent period (100ms-300ms) time window carry out two factor duplicate measurementss respectively, two factors are respectively manner of execution and (lift key, button) and action initiative (autonomous, non-autonomous).The p value of variance analysis adopts GreenhouseGeisser method to correct.
Experimental result and discussion
Behaviouristics result
The time interval is under 240-280ms condition, carries out the two factor duplicate measurements variance analyses that dependent variable is actual interval estimated time, and two factors are respectively initiative (autonomous, non-autonomous) and manner of execution (button lifts key).The main effect of initiative is remarkable, F (1,14)=5.843, p=0.030,
the main effect of manner of execution is remarkable, F (1,14)=10.129, p=0.007,
the significant interaction of manner of execution and initiative, F (1,14)=19.431, p=0.001,
the result of simple effect shows, is pressing under key condition, and autonomous button (M=210.67ms, SE=12.27ms) is compared non-autonomous button and estimated that the time of (M=262.164ms, SE=13.762ms) is short, t=-4.354, p=0.001; Lifting under key condition, independently lifting key (M=258.975ms, SE=13.762ms) and non-autonomous and lift key condition (M=258.229ms, SE=17.203ms) and there is no difference, t=0.06, p=0.952; Meanwhile, under autonomous condition, autonomous button is shorter than the time estimated under independently lifting key condition, t=-4.48, p=0.001; Under non-autonomous condition, non-autonomous button and non-autonomous lift key condition does not have difference, t=0.55, p=0.591.
The time interval is under 440-480ms condition, carries out the two factor duplicate measurements variance analyses that dependent variable is actual interval estimated time, and two factors are respectively initiative (autonomous, non-autonomous) and manner of execution (button lifts key).The main effect of initiative is remarkable, F (1,14)=2.828, p=0.115,
the main effect of manner of execution is remarkable, F (1,14)=15.311, p=0.002,
the significant interaction of manner of execution and initiative simultaneously, F (1,14)=4.802, p=0.04,
the result of simple effect shows, is pressing under key condition, autonomous button (M=293.408ms, SE=19.155ms) non-autonomous is compared by (M=331.139ms under key condition, SE=23.234ms) time estimated is short, t=-2.56, p=0.02; Lifting under key condition, independently lifting key (M=347.334ms, SE=17.445ms) and non-autonomous and lift key condition (M=347.423ms, SE=23.136ms) and there is no difference, t=-0.007, p=0.995; Meanwhile, under autonomous condition, autonomous button is shorter than the time estimated under independently lifting key condition, t=-4.79, p < 0.001; Under non-autonomous condition, autonomous button with independently lift key condition and there is no difference, t=-0.85, p=0.247 (Fig. 5-1).
The result of ERPs
P2 composition has all been there is under four kinds of conditions, and maximum at front middle part.In order to strengthen the reliability of result, 6 electrode points (FC3, FCz, FC4, F3, Fz, F4) of prefrontal cortex are selected to be averaged.Have chosen between 100-300 simultaneously and have chosen amplitude and latent period, carried out two factor duplicate measurements variance analyses, two factors are respectively initiative (autonomous, non-autonomous) and manner of execution (button lifts key).
Under 240-280 time interval condition, for peak value, the main effect of initiative [F (1,14)=0.485, p=0.498,
], the main effect of manner of execution [F (1,14)=0.101, p=0.756,
], the reciprocation of initiative and manner of execution [F (1,14)=1.635, p=0.222,
] not remarkable.For latent period, the main effect of initiative not significantly [F (1,14)=0.08, p=0.78,
], the main effect edge of manner of execution is remarkable, [F (1,14)=3.95, p=0.067,
].The reciprocation of initiative and manner of execution is not remarkable, [F (1,14)=1.396, p=0.257,
] (Fig. 5-2).
Under 440-480 time interval condition, for peak value, the main effect of initiative [F (1,14)=0.431, p=0.522,
], the main effect of manner of execution [F (1,14)=0.059, p=0.812,
], the reciprocation of initiative and manner of execution [F (1,14)=1.929, p=0.187,
] not remarkable.For latent period, the main effect edge of initiative significantly [F (1,14)=4.087, p=0.063,
].Also edge is remarkable for the main effect of manner of execution, [F (1,14)=3.611, p=0.078,
].The reciprocation of initiative and manner of execution is not remarkable, [F (1,14)=0.139, p=0.715,
].Be shorter than the latent period (M=259.294ms, SE=6.631ms) of the P2 peak value of actuation of keys and lift key action (M=281.139ms, SE=7.757ms) (Fig. 5-3).
P1 composition is found not exist under non-autonomous operation condition.Therefore, only to autonomous autonomous by key condition and the paired t-test having carried out the average wave amplitude of P1 under lifting key condition by under key condition.For 240-280 condition, time window 20-120ms, have chosen the F3 of prefrontal cortex, and the averaged amplitude value of Fz, F4, FC3, FCz, FC4 six electrode points is added up as dependent variable.At the time window of 20-120, under average wave amplitude independently presses key condition, (M=1.81, SE=0.232) will apparently higher than lifting key condition (M=0.50uV, SE=0.198uV), t=7.088, p < 0.001.Under being 440-480 condition interval time, experimental result is as follows.At the time window of 20-120, under average wave amplitude independently presses key condition, (M=1.49uV, SE=0.191uV) will apparently higher than lifting key condition (M=0.50uV, SE=0.198uV), t=4531, p < 0.001.。
Behaviouristics result shows, autonomous actuation of keys compares that independently to lift key action time compress effect under different interval condition all stronger.Meanwhile, autonomous actuation of keys is compared non-autonomous and is lifted key and actuation of keys all life period pinch effects, and independently lifts key action and compare non-autonomous button and lift key action and do not have difference.These results show that the time compress effect of autonomous actuation of keys is stable.
For the result of ERP, under autonomous action condition, occur that one is expected relevant P1 with the result of the action.Find that autonomous actuation of keys induces a larger P1 at the front middle part of brain by contrasting autonomous actuation of keys and independently lifting key action.According to the inherence of action expection device model, the expection of the perceptible feedback that what this P1 may reflect is for prediction.Autonomous actuation of keys is familiar autonomous action, and in experience in the past, repeatedly exercise forms the strong connection of feeding back in time for action and the result of the action.Like this time Estimate normal form in, namely calculate red square postpone present, but brain still has very strong expectation for the perceptible feedback information of the prediction of this autonomous actuation of keys.And independently to lift key be unfamiliar autonomous action, in experience in the past, seldom, the connection for action and the result of the action is more weak in exercise.Prediction perceptible feedback information and the perceptible feedback of reality between more less, feed back to the lack of experience of fallout predictor like this, thus causing when actual act result postpones to present, this perceptible feedback expected degree for prediction is also lower, and the wave amplitude of P1 is less.The degree of diverting one's attention of the notice for Time Perception is independently shown by key condition and the difference of P1 of independently lifting under key condition.Thus cause for the minimizing of Time Perception notice, such interval is estimated just to be have compressed.These results and forefathers are consistent about the result of the dual-task paradigm of time Estimate.In research in the past, the notice ratio requiring tested distribution different is in Time Perception task and another one non-temporal task, found that when notice is more distributed in non-temporal task, time shorter (the Coull that result is estimated, Vidal, Nazarian, & Macar, 2004; Liuetal., 2013).
Result shows, adopts device and method of the present invention, achieves behaviouristics and the psychology law of the research mankind well.More experimental result like multiclass, can deliver (but undocumented) research paper with reference to the present inventor and seminar.Result is affirmative, has certain academic standing in the academia of the same period.Also formal based on this, the simple deformation of the present invention's design, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. realize a device for autonomous/non-autonomous action, this device comprises an action drives system, action transmission system and action induction system;
It is characterized in that, described action induction system forms by dressing the inductive means that parts contact with it, and described wearing parts hold human limb position;
When action drives system produces motion, be passed to action induction system through action transmission system, realize human limb sends non-autonomous action in action induction system.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, described realizes human limb sends non-autonomous action in action induction system, refers to non-autonomous button and/or lifts key action.
3. device as claimed in claim 1, the four limbs position of described human body refers to finger, palm, arm, elbow, toe, sole or leg.
4. device as claimed in claim 1, described action induction system is by dressing parts and forming with the inductive means dressing component contact; Described wearing parts hold human limb position; Dress parts and be selected from the wearing parts adapted with four limbs, specifically finger ring, gloves/cylinder, footmuff/cylinder; Inductive means is connected with conventional psychological study system, and induction position is keyboard, button, switch, touch pad or touch-screen.
5. device as claimed in claim 1, described action transmission system, being the motion sent for transmitting action drives system, realizing the transmission of action in the mode of power; The position according to action drives system and action induction system of action transmission system and arranging, passes to action induction system by action.
6. device as claimed in claim 5, described action transmission system is lever part, realizes the action of the substantially the same non-autonomous button of strength of action/lift key with lever; The shape of lever and setting position are dissimilar, as long as realize the transmission of action.
7. device as claimed in claim 6, described lever, its fulcrum left and right sides arranges stop, to protect lever and human limb; Dead-centre position arranges spring respectively, to keep lever level, guarantees the recovery of action simultaneously.
8. as the device of above-mentioned any one claim, described action drives system, connecting and interoperation transmission system, is the happening part of rule, controlled non-active action; Action drives system successively sends action by motion, and in action induction system realization non-autonomous action successively; Such as, disposablely non-actively key or actuation of keys is lifted.
9. device as claimed in claim 8, action drives system is selected from motor driven systems or electromagnet driving system for silk.
10. study a method for mankind's non-autonomous action, it is characterized in that, use claim 1-9 any one device, study for humanistic psychology.
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