CN105093222A - Automatic extraction method for block adjustment connection points of SAR image - Google Patents

Automatic extraction method for block adjustment connection points of SAR image Download PDF

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CN105093222A
CN105093222A CN201510451418.9A CN201510451418A CN105093222A CN 105093222 A CN105093222 A CN 105093222A CN 201510451418 A CN201510451418 A CN 201510451418A CN 105093222 A CN105093222 A CN 105093222A
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image
sar
same name
sar image
tie point
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张继贤
杨书成
赵争
黄国满
卢丽君
程春泉
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Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9027—Pattern recognition for feature extraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic extraction method for block adjustment connection points of an SAR image, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a corrected SAR image; generating ground grid points according to the geographic coordinates and external auxiliary topographic information of the corrected SAR image, and calculating the corresponding image points of the ground grid points on the corrected SAR image; cutting out a group of corresponding image blocks from the corrected SAR image, selecting one corresponding image block from the group of corresponding image blocks as a reference image block, and extracting points with the maximum interest value from the reference image block, wherein the points with the maximum interest value serves as matching reference points; searching the corresponding image point of each matching reference points from the corresponding image block, and obtaining corresponding connection points between corrected SAR images; enabling the corresponding connection points between corrected SAR images to be converted to a raw SAR image, and obtaining the block adjustment connection points of the SAR image. The method improves the automation degree of the block adjustment of the SAR image, and improves the production efficiency of SAR topographic mapping.

Description

A kind of SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the digital photogrammetry field of remote sensing image, particularly synthetic-aperture radar area adjustment process field.
Background technology
At present, synthetic-aperture radar (SyntheticApertureRadar, SAR) terrain mapping technology is applying progressively, and in cloudy mist area, the application of large area SAR mapping is following inexorable trend.SAR image high-precision location is the basis of SAR topographic mapping, and in the application of large area mapping, the hi-Fix of SAR image needs could be realized by area adjustment.Area adjustment is the redundant observation information made full use of on the tie point in image overlap district, resolves model orientation parameter, realizes hi-Fix, thus reduces the demand to number of control points.So the acquisition of tie point becomes the problem that first large area SAR image high-precision location needs to solve.And only rely on the artificial method measured to extract tie point, be very difficult for the application of large area mapping, particularly for carried SAR mapping, because its image data amount is large, extraction method must be developed, the demand of practical application could be met.
All adopt SAR image matching method automatically to extract tie point at present, but due to SAR employing distance projection imaging mode, geometric distortion is serious, there is speckle noise simultaneously, makes SAR Image Matching many than optical image method difficulty.SAR Image Matching is focus and the difficult point of the research of current SAR remote sensing fields.For regional network, each tie point relates to multiple images, corresponding irradiating angle is widely different, resolution is disunity also, this just causes the same target on different images to show larger difference on grey-level and shape, between the SAR image of especially different side-looking, difference is larger, and these bring larger difficulty all to regional network SAR Image Matching.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical matters existed in prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of SAR image automatic matching method of comprehensive multiple information, the method comprehensive utilization SAR image geometry information, characteristic information, half-tone information and external auxiliary terrain information carry out SAR Image Matching, overcome that the yardstick existed in SAR regional network Image Matching is inconsistent, relative deformation is complicated, the initial relative position relation of picture point uncertain, non-Feature Points Matching difficulty and the problem such as matching primitives amount is large, achieve the efficient of SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point and automatically extract.
SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method of the present invention, comprises the steps:
Step 1, utilizes SAR geometry image-forming information and external auxiliary terrain information, carries out geometric correction to SAR image, obtains correcting SAR image;
Step 2, according to geographic coordinate and the external auxiliary terrain information of described correction SAR image, with generation ground, the interval grid points preset, calculate ground grid points and correcting the corresponding imaging point on SAR image, described corresponding imaging point is as approximate imaging point of the same name;
Step 3, for the approximate imaging point of the same name of each group, one group of image blocks of the same name is intercepted from correction SAR image, one of them is chosen as reference image blocks from this group image blocks of the same name, utilize the characteristic information of SAR image, extract the maximum point of interest value as matching reference minutiae described with reference in image blocks;
Step 4, for each matching reference minutiae, image blocks of the same name searches for imaging point of the same name, obtains correcting the tie point of the same name between SAR image;
Step 5, according to geometry location information, is transformed into the tie point of the same name between the correction SAR image obtained in step 4 on original SAR image, obtains SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point.
Preferably, described step 1 is specially: the geometry imaging parameters utilizing SAR image to carry and sensor platform state vector parameter, sets up geometry location model, utilizes described geometry location models coupling external auxiliary terrain information, geometric correction is carried out to SAR image, obtains correcting SAR image.
Preferably, described external auxiliary terrain information is Law of DEM Data.
Preferably, described step 2 specifically comprises:
Step 2.1, within the scope of regional network, gets ground grid points with the mesh spacing preset, and obtains elevation information in conjunction with external auxiliary terrain information, obtains the three-dimensional coordinate of ground grid points;
Step 2.2, according to the geographic coordinate information correcting SAR image, three-dimensional coordinate inverse step 2.1 obtained is on geometric correction SAR image;
Step 2.3, for each ground grid points, all images in traversal regional network, extract all images to this ground grid points imaging, obtain one group of imaging point corrected on SAR image, and this group image point is approximate imaging point of the same name.
Preferably, described step 3 specifically comprises:
Step 3.1, for the imaging point approximate of the same name of each group, centered by corresponding imaging point, the width and image blocks highly that preset is intercepted from correcting SAR image, for many degree superimposed image points, the one group image block at this imaging point place is similar to corresponding same ground region, and this group image block is one group of image blocks of the same name.
Step 3.2, organizes image blocks of the same name for each intercepting by step 3.1, selects one of them image blocks as with reference to image blocks, is carrying out feature point extraction with reference in image blocks, extract the maximum point of interest value as final matching reference minutiae.
Preferably, the described width preset in described step 3.1 and height are determined according to geometry location model and vertical error.
Preferably, in described step 4, for each matching reference minutiae, adopt Region Matching method to search for imaging point of the same name in image blocks of the same name, obtain correcting the tie point of the same name between SAR image.
Preferably, described step 5 specifically comprises: for the tie point of the same name corrected between SAR image, according to the geographic coordinate information correcting SAR image, obtains the planimetric coordinates (X of tie point of the same name rec, Y rec), utilize planimetric coordinates interpolation elevation H on dem data rec, obtain the three-dimensional geographic coordinate (X of tie point of the same name rec, Y rec, H rec), according to SAR image geometry location model, calculate the image coordinate (x of this tie point of the same name on original SAR image sAR, y sAR).
SAR area adjustment tie point extraction method of the present invention, comprehensive utilization geological information, characteristic information, half-tone information and external auxiliary terrain information, overcome that the yardstick existed in the Image Matching of many lines of vision in SAR regional network is inconsistent, relative deformation is complicated, the initial relative position relation of picture point uncertain, non-Feature Points Matching difficulty and the problem such as matching primitives amount is large, carry out fast area net SAR Image Matching, realize high precision tie point of the same name and automatically extract.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method of the present invention adopts following step to carry out:
Step 1, utilizes SAR geometry image-forming information and external auxiliary terrain information, carries out geometric correction to SAR image, obtains correcting SAR image.
Wherein, step 1 is specially: the geometry imaging parameters utilizing SAR image to carry and sensor platform state vector parameter, set up geometry location model, utilize described geometry location models coupling external auxiliary terrain information, i.e. existing DEM (DigitalElevationModel, digital elevation model, it is a kind of discrete numeral expression to topography and geomorphology, numerical approach terrain surface specifications being carried out to spatial description) data, geometric correction is carried out to SAR image, obtains correcting SAR image.
Step 2, according to geographic coordinate and the external auxiliary terrain information of described correction SAR image, with generation ground, the interval grid points preset, calculate ground grid points and correcting the corresponding imaging point on SAR image, described corresponding imaging point is as approximate imaging point of the same name.
Wherein, step 2 specifically comprises:
Step 2.1, within the scope of regional network, gets ground grid points with the mesh spacing preset, and such as, in conjunction with external auxiliary terrain information, DEM, obtains elevation information, obtains the three-dimensional coordinate of ground grid points.
The upper left corner Gauss plane coordinate supposing whole regional network is (X 0, Y 0), get mesh spacing for (△ X, △ Y), then r is capable, the ground grid points P of c row r,cground coordinate (X p, Y p) be: X p=X 0+ r* △ X, Y p=Y 0+ c* △ Y, wherein, r, c be greater than 0 integer.By ground coordinate (X p, Y p) from DEM, interpolation can obtain height value H p, thus obtain ground grid points P r,cthree-dimensional coordinate (X p, Y p, H p).
Step 2.2, according to the geographic coordinate information correcting SAR image, three-dimensional coordinate inverse step 2.1 obtained is on geometric correction SAR image.
Step 2.3, for each ground grid points, all images in traversal regional network, extract all images to this ground grid points imaging, obtain one group of imaging point corrected on SAR image simultaneously, and this group image point is approximate imaging point of the same name.
Such as ground grid points P r,c, by three-dimensional coordinate (X p, Y p, H p) the relevant image of m scape can be obtained, m is the number of scape, obtains this imaging point I on the image of each scape p 1, I p 2...., I p m, image coordinate is (r p 1, c p 1), (r p 2, c p 2) ...., (r p m, c p m), this group image point is approximate imaging point of the same name.
Step 3, for the approximate imaging point of the same name of each group, one group of image blocks of the same name is intercepted from correction SAR image, one of them is chosen as reference image blocks from this group image blocks of the same name, utilize the characteristic information of SAR image, extract the maximum point of interest value as matching reference minutiae described with reference in image blocks.
Wherein, step 3 specifically comprises:
Step 3.1, for the imaging point approximate of the same name of each group, centered by corresponding imaging point, (described width and height are determined according to geometry location and vertical error with height to intercept from correction SAR image the width preset, guarantee that accurate imaging point of the same name is all in image blocks region) image blocks, for many degree superimposed image points, a group image block at this imaging point place is similar to corresponding same ground region, and this group image block is one group of image blocks of the same name.
Such as grid points P r,ccorresponding imaging point I approximate of the same name p 1, I p 2...., I p m, image blocks B of the same name can be obtained p 1, B p 2...., B p m.
Step 3.2, image blocks of the same name is organized for each intercepting by step 3.1, select one of them image blocks as main image blocks (with reference to image blocks), main image blocks carries out feature point extraction, extracts the maximum point of interest value as final coupling principal point (matching reference minutiae).
This step adopts Harris corner detection operator to extract matching reference minutiae, and the ultimate principle of Harris algorithm is the wicket got centered by target pixel points, the grey scale change after calculation window moves along any direction, and expresses by analytical form.If the wicket centered by pixel (x, y) moves u in the x direction, y side move up v, Harris give grey scale change tolerance analytical expression:
G x , y = Σw x , y ( I x | u , u | v - I x , y ) = Σw x , y ( u ∂ I ∂ x + v ∂ I ∂ y + o ( u 2 + v 2 ) ) 2 ≈ Σw x , y [ u 2 ( I x ) 2 + v 2 ( I y ) 2 + 2 uvI x I y ] = Au 2 + 2 C u v + Bv 2
Wherein, G x,yfor the grey scale change tolerance in window; i is gradation of image function.By G x,yturn to quadratic form to have: G x , y = u v M u v , Wherein M = Σw x , y I x 2 I x I y I x I y I y 2 .
Obtained by diagonalization process: G x , y = R - 1 λ 1 0 0 λ 2 R
Wherein, R is twiddle factor, its eigenvalue λ 1, λ 2react the imaging surface curvature of two major axes orientations.In order to avoid asking the eigenwert of matrix M, Tr (M) and Det (M) can be adopted to replace asking λ 1and λ 2if, hypothesis:
M = Σw x , y I x 2 I x I y I x I y I y 2 = A B C D
Then matrix M (x, y)determinant and mark be:
Tr(M)＝λ 1+λ 2＝A+B，Det(M)＝λ 1λ 2＝AB-C 2
Harris angle point response function (R) expression formula obtains therefrom:
R(x,y)＝Det(M)-k(Tr(M)) 2＝(AB-C 2)-k(A+B) 2
Response function value is feature extraction interest value, with reference in image blocks, extracts the maximum point of interest value as matching reference minutiae.
Such as, for image blocks B of the same name p 1, B p 2...., B p m, choose B p kas main image blocks, at B p kmatching reference minutiae I is extracted in image blocks p k ref.
Step 4, for each matching reference minutiae, image blocks of the same name searches for imaging point of the same name, obtains correcting the tie point of the same name between SAR image.
Wherein, step 4 is specially: for each matching reference minutiae, adopts Region Matching method, namely carries out the intensity correlation matching in region, utilize pyramid relevant matches strategy to search for, at image blocks B of the same name p 1, B p 2..., B p k-1, B p k+1...., B p mupper search imaging point I of the same name p 1 mat, I p 2 mat...., I p m mat.Above-mentioned exact matching process is carried out for all approximate imaging point of the same name extracted, obtains the tie point of the same name corrected in regional network between SAR image.In pyramid relevant matches process, by analyzing the parallax between the image of one's respective area in conjunction with DEM, the parallax extreme value of imaging point of the same name on different images can be obtained, relevant matches parameter is set accordingly, accelerate matching speed and accuracy.
Step 5, according to geometry location information, is transformed into the tie point of the same name between the correction SAR image obtained in step 4 on original SAR image, obtains the tie point of SAR imagery zone net adjusted data.
Wherein, step 5 is specially: for the tie point of the same name corrected between SAR image, in conjunction with the elevation information of DEM, by described tie point inverse of the same name on original SAR image, thus obtain the tie point of the same name needed for the process of SAR imagery zone net adjusted data.During concrete process, for the tie point corrected on SAR image, according to the geographic coordinate information correcting SAR image, obtain the planimetric coordinates (X of tie point rec, Y rec), then utilize planimetric coordinates interpolation elevation H on dem data rec, obtain the three-dimensional geographic coordinate (X of tie point rec, Y rec, H rec), then according to SAR image geometry location model, calculate the image coordinate (x of this tie point on original SAR image sAR, y sAR).When correcting process, employing the method for sampling indirectly, so calculate geographic coordinate by the imaging point corrected on SAR image, being then converted to the image coordinate of original SAR image, imaging point is strict corresponding, there is not loss of significance.
The method enhances the automaticity of SAR imagery zone net adjusted data process greatly, improves SAR topographic mapping production efficiency, and the popularization for the application of SAR surveying & mapping is significant.
Should be understood that; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not sufficient to limit technical scheme of the present invention; for those of ordinary skills; within the spirit and principles in the present invention; can be increased and decreased according to the above description, replaced, converted or improved, and all these increases and decreases, replacement, conversion or the technical scheme after improving, all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method, is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
Step 1, utilizes SAR geometry image-forming information and external auxiliary terrain information, carries out geometric correction to SAR image, obtains correcting SAR image;
Step 2, according to geographic coordinate and the external auxiliary terrain information of described correction SAR image, with generation ground, the interval grid points preset, calculate ground grid points and correcting the corresponding imaging point on SAR image, described corresponding imaging point is as approximate imaging point of the same name;
Step 3, for the approximate imaging point of the same name of each group, one group of image blocks of the same name is intercepted from correction SAR image, one of them is chosen as reference image blocks from this group image blocks of the same name, utilize the characteristic information of SAR image, extract the maximum point of interest value as matching reference minutiae described with reference in image blocks;
Step 4, for each matching reference minutiae, image blocks of the same name searches for imaging point of the same name, obtains correcting the tie point of the same name between SAR image;
Step 5, according to geometry location information, is transformed into the tie point of the same name between the correction SAR image obtained in step 4 on original SAR image, obtains SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point.
2. SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step 1 is specially: the geometry imaging parameters utilizing SAR image to carry and sensor platform state vector parameter, set up geometry location model, utilize described geometry location models coupling external auxiliary terrain information, geometric correction is carried out to SAR image, obtains correcting SAR image.
3. SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described external auxiliary terrain information is Law of DEM Data.
4. SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2 specifically comprises:
Step 2.1, within the scope of regional network, gets ground grid points with the mesh spacing preset, and obtains elevation information in conjunction with external auxiliary terrain information, obtains the three-dimensional coordinate of ground grid points;
Step 2.2, according to the geographic coordinate information correcting SAR image, three-dimensional coordinate inverse step 2.1 obtained is on geometric correction SAR image;
Step 2.3, for each ground grid points, all images in traversal regional network, extract all images to this ground grid points imaging, obtain one group of imaging point corrected on SAR image, and this group image point is approximate imaging point of the same name.
5. SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 3 specifically comprises:
Step 3.1, for the imaging point approximate of the same name of each group, centered by corresponding imaging point, the width and image blocks highly that preset is intercepted from correcting SAR image, for many degree superimposed image points, the one group image block at this imaging point place is similar to corresponding same ground region, and this group image block is one group of image blocks of the same name.
Step 3.2, organizes image blocks of the same name for each intercepting by step 3.1, selects one of them image blocks as with reference to image blocks, is carrying out feature point extraction with reference in image blocks, extract the maximum point of interest value as final matching reference minutiae.
6. SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method according to claim 5, is characterized in that the described width preset in described step 3.1 is determined according to geometry location model and vertical error with height.
7. SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described step 4, for each matching reference minutiae, adopt Region Matching method to search for imaging point of the same name in image blocks of the same name, obtain correcting the tie point of the same name between SAR image.
8. SAR imagery zone net adjusted data tie point extraction method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step 5 specifically comprises: for the tie point of the same name corrected between SAR image, according to the geographic coordinate information correcting SAR image, obtain the planimetric coordinates (X of tie point of the same name rec, Y rec), utilize planimetric coordinates interpolation elevation H on dem data rec, obtain the three-dimensional geographic coordinate (X of tie point of the same name rec, Y rec, H rec), according to SAR image geometry location model, calculate the image coordinate (x of this tie point of the same name on original SAR image sAR, y sAR).
CN201510451418.9A 2015-07-28 2015-07-28 Automatic extraction method for block adjustment connection points of SAR image Pending CN105093222A (en)

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Application publication date: 20151125