CN105092494B - A kind of grain sorting technique and system based on multiband LED array - Google Patents

A kind of grain sorting technique and system based on multiband LED array Download PDF

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CN105092494B
CN105092494B CN201510424945.0A CN201510424945A CN105092494B CN 105092494 B CN105092494 B CN 105092494B CN 201510424945 A CN201510424945 A CN 201510424945A CN 105092494 B CN105092494 B CN 105092494B
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grain
light
led array
multiband
signal
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CN105092494A (en
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成芳
杨振
杨小玲
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of grain sorting technique and system based on multiband LED array.Launch multiple incident light to the grain in conveying, optical signal is received by silicon photocell after grain diffusing reflection and is converted to electric signal, obtain the optical intensity voltage signal under different wave length, optical intensity voltage signal is handled to the classification results for being converted to the grain by default disaggregated model, tested grain classified according to classification results；Including transport mechanism, light-intensity test harvester, single-chip microcomputer and sort operation mechanical mechanism, light-intensity test harvester includes multiband LED array, printed circuit board (PCB) and reflective light intensity signal acquiring system.Present invention utilizes LED to have the characteristics of fine monochromaticjty, the incident light of specific wavelength needed for generation, realizes the collection of multiband light modal data.

Description

A kind of grain sorting technique and system based on multiband LED array
Technical field
The present invention relates to multispectral detection field, a kind of more particularly to grain classification based on multiband LED array Method and system, using multispectral technology for detection object internal component content, belong to optical non-destructive detection technical field.
Background technology
Corn as grass family, the annual tall and big draft of Zea, be distributed in the world widest cereal crops it One, cultivated area is only second to wheat and rice and occupies the 3rd, is the important cereal crops and again of human society survival and development Want feed resource, and whole world total output highest cereal crops.Corn is widely used in grain ration consumption, the original of animal feeding-stuff Material, the raw material of chemical products.
In recent years, excellent hybrid corn variety increasingly obtains the attention of people, and at the same time, along with false corn Seed is cheated the farmers, the continuous generation of evil farming part, and the discriminating of corn variety becomes a major issue for ensureing agricultural production.Separately Outside, cultivation of the Variety identification to new varieties also plays positive effect.So the quality kind of corn is carried out it is accurate, lossless, Efficient detection classification is extremely necessary.
Existing multispectral research and application it is most be near-infrared spectrum analysis, its principle is light caused by different groups All there were significant differences absorbing peak position and intensity for spectrum, and its spectral signature also changes with the change of sample composition.And grain Containing organic principles such as protein, fat, sugar, starch and fibers in food, they have abundant absorption spectrum near infrared region, Every kind of composition has specific Absorption Characteristics, and these Absorption Characteristics provide foundation for Near-Infrared Spectra for Quantitative Analysis.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of grain sorting technique and system based on multiband LED array, more ripples are used Section LED array is as light source, the classification available for different detection targets and detection composition grain.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
First, a kind of grain sorting technique based on multiband LED array, comprises the following steps：
Launch multiple incident light to the grain in conveying, optical signal is received simultaneously by silicon photocell after grain diffusing reflection Electric signal is converted to, the optical intensity voltage signal under different wave length is obtained, by optical intensity voltage signal by passing through default classification mould Type processing is converted to the classification results of the grain, and tested grain is classified according to classification results.
The multiple incident light of transmitting is the light for launching different peak wavelengths successively.
Described optical intensity voltage signal is that the photoelectricity generated by silicon photocell by photoelectric effect flows through integrated computation amplification The scaling conversion of device obtains, and integrated operational amplifier can use circuit as shown in Figure 4.
Each peak wavelength of described incident light is in the range of the relative spectral sensitivity of silicon photocell so that silicon light Battery has photoelectric effect under all LED wavelength used.
The different peak wavelengths need to be detected according to grain depending on the difference of target and the difference of grain detection composition.
The multiplication factor of the scaling circuit of the integrated operational amplifier is needed according to silicon photocell to reflected light Response sensitivity is selected so that the voltage after amplification is in a suitable section.
The selection of the method for building up and sorting parameter of the disaggregated model need to be according to the actual effect of different modeling methods Selected and used.
2nd, a kind of grain categorizing system based on multiband LED array：
Including transport mechanism, for conveying above grain to sort operation mechanical mechanism；Transport mechanism includes conveyer belt, straight Reducing motor and fixed station are flowed, one of rectangular channel is provided with fixed station, conveyer belt is arranged in rectangular channel, the driving wheel of conveyer belt The output shaft of DC speed-reducing is connected, is moved by DC speed-reducing driving conveying belt, sort operation mechanical mechanism is positioned at defeated Send immediately below the rectangular channel with exit；
Including light-intensity test harvester, directly over transport mechanism, launch light to grain and collection is obtained into grain The optical intensity voltage signal of reflection is sent to single-chip microcomputer；
Including single-chip microcomputer, light-intensity test harvester operates mechanical mechanism through single-chip microcomputer link sort, by grain reflection Optical intensity voltage signal processing is converted to the category signal of grain；
Including sort operation mechanical mechanism, by single-chip microcomputer transmission Lai the grain that comes to transport mechanism transmission of category signal hold Row grain sort operation, is sorted；Sort operation mechanical mechanism includes steering wheel and divided to plate, and the output shaft of steering wheel is with dividing to plate Connection, divide the underface for the rectangular channel for being located at conveyer belt exit to plate.
Light-intensity test harvester includes multiband LED array, printed circuit board (PCB) and reflective light intensity signal acquiring system, more Wave band LED array and reflective light intensity signal acquiring system are installed in the bottom surface of printed circuit board (PCB), and printed circuit board (PCB) is positioned at transmission Directly over the conveyer belt of mechanism, reflective light intensity signal acquiring system is located at the center of multiband LED array.
Multiband LED array and reflective light intensity information acquisition system weld on a printed circuit, are then fitted into inspection Table top is surveyed, while printed circuit board (PCB) need to be impaled to form dark room conditions, eliminates interference of the ambient light to detection process；Conveying Band is used to outside dark room conditions deliver to measured target under the amasthenic lens in darkroom, Foreground selection in conveyer belt and the camera lens visual field Black, reduce the interference of background reflected light with this and reduce the noise jamming of reflected light signal.
Reflective light intensity information acquisition system includes silicon photocell, amasthenic lens and integrated operational amplifier, and amasthenic lens erects Straight installation, and make the focus of amasthenic lens be located at the radiation sensitive area of silicon photocell downwards, silicon photocell is fixed on printed circuit Plate bottom surface, silicon photocell connect single-chip microcomputer through integrated operational amplifier, and integrated operational amplifier can use electricity as shown in Figure 4 Road.
Reflective light intensity information acquisition system needs to focus on by the reflected light of condenser lens Autonomous test in future target, so as to converge Gather in the radiation sensitive area of silicon photocell；Reflected light signal after focusing is stronger, and interference of the ambient light to system weakens；Together When, it is necessary to adjust the visual field of condenser lens so that its visual field is slightly larger than tested seed, and tested seed should occupy the amasthenic lens visual field 80% or so.
Electric signal after silicon photocell opto-electronic conversion carries out the amplification, filtering, modulus of signal by integrated operational amplifier Conversion；Using the scaling circuit of integrated operational amplifier, integrated operational amplifier can be using such as Fig. 4 institutes for the amplification of electric signal The circuit shown, analog-digital converter that analog-to-digital conversion is internally integrated by single-chip microcomputer are completed.Reflective light intensity information acquisition system, is obtained After the ADC value for obtaining the optical intensity voltage signal of different-waveband reflected light, computer is sent data to.
Scaling circuit is as shown in figure 4, amplifier OP37G both positive and negative polarity input connects resistance R19 and resistance respectively Electric capacity C2, resistance R21, amplifier OP37G output are parallel between R20, amplifier OP37G output end and negative input End is grounded after resistance R22 and electric capacity C1.
Described multiband LED array includes circumferentially three groups of identical LED light groups of uniform array successively, every group of LED Lamp group includes multiple different LEDs, all same that puts in order of LED in three groups of LED light groups, each LED in every group Peak wavelength differ, transport mechanism of all LEDs towards transmission grain immediately below reflective light intensity information acquisition system On conveyer belt.
LED is uniformly distributed in group and between group, forms the light source being uniformly and symmetrically distributed so that light source irradiation is uniformly suitable； , it is necessary to enter the adjustment of line light source direction of illumination after the installation of multiband LED array so that all LEDs are towards reflective light intensity information Immediately below acquisition system on the conveyer belt of transmission grain, with peak wavelength individual LED light after form a uniform hot spot, photograph Penetrate the target surface in detection grain.
Described multiband LED array controls light on and off with triode, including circumferentially three groups of phases of uniform array successively With LED light group, each three LEDs of peak wavelength identical are sequentially connected in series rear one end through current-limiting resistance RC in three groups of LED light groups Transistor collector is connected to, another termination power, transistor emitter ground connection, transistor base is through current-limiting resistance RB connections list The control terminal of piece machine.As shown in figure 5, it is connected to triode Q1 colelctor electrodes, triode Q1 through resistance R11 after three LED series connection Base stage connects single-chip microcomputer through resistance R1.
The present invention may also include the computer of connection single-chip microcomputer, for recording and handling optical intensity voltage signal, and sends and divides Class signal is to single-chip microcomputer.On the other hand, the computer outside detection platform can be used as host computer, and single-chip microcomputer passes through as slave computer Data wire is connected with as the single-chip microcomputer of detection platform control core, can control the operation of conveyer belt, multiband LED array it is bright Go out, the operation of sort operation mechanical mechanism, and control the data acquisition of reflective light intensity information acquisition system.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The inventive method uses the means of multiband LED array, by detect the strong and weak method of different wave length reflected light come Detect the content of object and its composition.
The present invention by using design method of the silicon photocell as photoelectric sensor, significantly reduce device into This；Using certain disaggregated model method for building up, establish ADC value and detect the relation between target or detection composition, Realize and detection target is classified.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is one of structural representation of present system.
Fig. 2 is the two of the structural representation of present system.
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2：1 is tested grain；2 be conveyer belt；3 be multiband LED array；4 be reflective light intensity information gathering System；5 be single-chip microcomputer；6 be data wire；7 be computer；8 be steering wheel；9 be printed circuit board (PCB)；10 be DC speed-reducing；11 To divide to plate.
Fig. 3 is the array structure schematic diagram of multiband LED array of the present invention；
In Fig. 3：A~I is the multiband LED array of different peak wavelengths；J is the installation of amasthenic lens and silicon photocell Position；Wherein multiband LED array quantity and peak wavelength need to be selected according to actually detected needs.
Fig. 4 is the present invention to the photoelectric scaling circuit of silicon photocell.
Fig. 5 is the control circuit of multiband LED array.
Fig. 6 is present system overall operation flow chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is described in further detail to the present invention.
The inventive method and system can gather the reflective light intensity voltage signal of grain under multiple specific wavelengths, then pass through one Fixed method for establishing model, establish its ADC value and detect the relation between target or detection composition, and pass through mould of classifying Detection target is classified after type processing.
Embodiments of the invention and its specific work process are as follows：
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, it is sent in specific implementation by the driving conveying belt 2 of DC speed-reducing 10, tested grain 1 Under the amasthenic lens of reflective light intensity information acquisition system 4, multiband LED array 3 provides the incident light of multiple specific wavelengths successively, Single-chip microcomputer 5 combines printed circuit board (PCB) 9 and its peripheral circuit and carries out analog-to-digital conversion, computer 7 to the voltage signal of reflected light successively By data wire 6 come obtain single-chip microcomputer 5 send data, steering wheel 8 and point to plate 11 combination be used as sort operation mechanical mechanism.
As shown in figure 3, A~I of multiband LED array 3 is made up of among this example the LED of 9 different peak wavelengths, 3 groups 27 are taken to form equally distributed circle.
Wherein blueness, green, red, 850nm, 940nm LED uses commercially available common LED, 810nm, 910nm, 980nm, 1050nm certainly magnificent still photoelectricity (Hong Kong) limited company of LED purchases.It is uniformly distributed using circle, and adjusts incidence Light direction, obtain the irradiation light for converging in that below amasthenic lens and uniform-illumination is suitable.
In the present embodiment, computer can be built as carrying out PLS to ADC value obtained by learning training sample Mould, obtain partial least square model parameters and binaryzation classification threshold value, so as to corn kernel according to egg White matter content is classified.
In the present embodiment, there is significant difference using protein content, and the Zheng Dan 958 and peace of other aspect difference very littles Beautiful 13 two kinds of corns gather each some multi-wavelength datas by apparatus of the present invention of two kinds of seeds as measurand.
The data of collection gained are saved as text document, are then made with the multiband reflected light analog-digital conversion data of preservation For independent variable, the PLS modeling of more independent variable list dependent variables is carried out, wherein dependent variable value presses corn kernel protein The different set of content height is Y=500 and Y=0, so as to obtain each coefficient of partial least square model.
In these multi-wavelength datas generation, is returned to the partial least square model established again, calculates the model calculation value of each sample, Two class corn kernel models are taken to calculate the average of average as classification thresholds.
The specific work process of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows：
As shown in fig. 6, tested seed 1 is placed on conveyer belt 2, by the drive of DC speed-reducing 10, by tested seed 1 It is fed forward.Light red LED, reflective light intensity information acquisition system 4 below amasthenic lens without seed when, the reflected light of acquisition Voltage signal ADC value is relatively low；When having seed under amasthenic lens, ADC value is higher.It is real using the significant difference Existing " soft triggering " detects the presence of seed and enters the camera lens visual field.
When seed is transported under amasthenic lens, LED is fired in sequence according to the difference of peak wavelength, when identical peak value After 3 LED of wavelength are lit, reflective light intensity information acquisition system 4 gathers reflection photoelectricity of the seed under the wavelength light irradiation Press the ADC value of signal.Subsequent single-chip microcomputer 5 closes 3 LED of the wavelength, and it is identical to light next group of 3 peak wavelengths LED, repeating above said collection process, until all collection finishes for 9 groups of multiband reflected light analog-digital conversion datas.Subsequent single-chip microcomputer 5 send 9 groups of data to computer 7.
When carrying out learning training, computer is by 9 groups of multi-wavelength datas of gained and by grain protein content height Different set be Y=500 and Y=0 value be stored among historical data unit.After the data acquisition for completing all samples, Preserve data and carry out offset minimum binary modeling.In the present embodiment, disaggregated model is specially：
Y=-559.13-1.24 ' V470nm+8.47′V525nm-2.60′V625nm+1.72′V810nm+1.43′V850nm
-6.15′V910nm-9.74′V940nm+2.32′V980nm+9.80′V1050nm
In formula, Y is model calculation value, and V is the ADC value of the optical intensity voltage signal under different wave length irradiation, subscript table Show different wave length value.
When carrying out classification and Detection, 9 groups of multi-wavelength datas of gained are sent to host computer, computer is according to learning training (this example uses averaging method, threshold to the threshold value of each coefficient and the seed protein qualitative classification for the partial least square model that sample obtains It is worth 249.97), to calculate and judging the classification belonging to this seed.Then it will determine that result is sent to single-chip microcomputer 5, single-chip microcomputer 5 The steering of steering wheel 8 is controlled after reception, so as to control point the direction to plate 11 so that tested seed 1 presses protein content height Difference falls two different directions of both sides to the left and right.
810nm, 850nm, 910nm, 940nm, 980nm, 1050nm can not be also chosen among the expanded application of this example Wavelength, it is but other suitable to choose to the absorption characteristic difference of specific wavelength for different detection objects, different detection composition Peak wavelength of the suitable specific wavelength as LED, to realize the classification of different target, heterogeneity content difference.
The present embodiment, 400 peace 13 and 400 Zheng Dan 958 of jade is used as learning training sample, 400 peace jade 13 and 400 Zheng Dan 958 is classification and Detection sample.By multiple examinations, obtained accuracy rate result is：Peace jade 13 is 82.75%, Zheng Dan 958 is 77.50%.
As can be seen here, the inventive method using multiband LED array means can effectively to detection object and its into The difference of point content is classified, and reduces cost, is established ADC value and is detected target or detect pass between composition System, realize and detection target is classified, and there is higher accuracy rate and technique effect.

Claims (7)

  1. A kind of 1. grain sorting technique based on multiband LED array, it is characterised in that
    Methods described is implemented using following device：
    Including transport mechanism, for conveying above grain to sort operation mechanical mechanism；Transport mechanism includes conveyer belt（2）, it is straight Flow reducing motor（10）And fixed station, one of rectangular channel, conveyer belt are provided with fixed station（2）In rectangular channel, conveyer belt （2）Driving wheel connection DC speed-reducing（10）Output shaft, by DC speed-reducing（10）Driving conveying belt（2）Motion, Sort operation mechanical mechanism is located at conveyer belt（2）Immediately below the rectangular channel in exit；
    Including light-intensity test harvester, directly over transport mechanism, launch light to grain and collection is obtained into grain reflection Optical intensity voltage signal be sent to single-chip microcomputer；
    Described light-intensity test harvester includes multiband LED array（3）, printed circuit board (PCB)（9）Adopted with reflective light intensity signal Collecting system（4）, multiband LED array（3）With reflective light intensity signal acquiring system（4）It is installed in printed circuit board (PCB)（9）Bottom Face, printed circuit board (PCB)（9）Positioned at the conveyer belt of transport mechanism（2）Surface, reflective light intensity signal acquiring system（4）Positioned at more ripples Section LED array（3）Center；Reflective light intensity information acquisition system（4）Gather the reflection photoelectric signal of grain under light illumination ADC value；
    Described reflective light intensity information acquisition system（4）Including silicon photocell, amasthenic lens and integrated operational amplifier, focus lamp Head erect is installed downwards, and the focus of amasthenic lens is located at the radiation sensitive area of silicon photocell, and silicon photocell is fixed on printing Circuit board（9）Bottom surface, silicon photocell connect single-chip microcomputer through integrated operational amplifier；
    Including single-chip microcomputer, light-intensity test harvester operates mechanical mechanism through single-chip microcomputer link sort；
    Including sort operation mechanical mechanism, by single-chip microcomputer transmission Lai category signal paddy is performed to the grain that transport mechanism transmission comes Grain sort operation, is sorted；Sort operation mechanical mechanism includes steering wheel（8）With point to plate（11）, steering wheel（8）Output shaft with Divide to plate（11）Connection, divide to plate（11）Positioned at conveyer belt（2）The underface of the rectangular channel in exit；
    Methods described comprises the following steps：
    Multiband LED array through light-intensity test harvester（3）Launch multiple incident light to the grain in conveying, through grain Pass through reflective light intensity information acquisition system after diffusing reflection（4）Silicon photocell receive optical signal and be converted to electric signal, obtain not Optical intensity voltage signal under co-wavelength, optical intensity voltage signal is handled to the classification for being converted to the grain by default disaggregated model As a result, according to classification results to being tested grain（1）Classified.
  2. A kind of 2. grain sorting technique based on multiband LED array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described It is the light for launching different peak wavelengths successively to launch multiple incident light.
  3. A kind of 3. grain sorting technique based on multiband LED array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Optical intensity voltage signal be the photoelectricity generated by silicon photocell by photoelectric effect flow through it is scaling conversion obtain.
  4. A kind of 4. grain sorting technique based on multiband LED array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Incident light each peak wavelength in the range of the relative spectral sensitivity of silicon photocell so that silicon photocell makes all There is photoelectric effect under LED wavelength.
  5. A kind of 5. grain sorting technique based on multiband LED array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Different peak wavelengths need to be detected according to grain depending on the difference of target and the difference of grain detection composition.
  6. A kind of 6. grain sorting technique based on multiband LED array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Multiband LED array（3）Including circumferentially three groups of identical LED light groups of uniform array, every group of LED light group include successively Multiple different LEDs, all same that puts in order of LED in three groups of LED light groups, the peak wavelength of each LED in every group Differ, all LEDs are towards reflective light intensity information acquisition system（4）In the transport mechanism of underface.
  7. A kind of 7. grain sorting technique based on multiband LED array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Multiband LED array（3）Including circumferentially three groups of identical LED light groups of uniform array successively, each peak in three groups of LED light groups Three LEDs of value wavelength identical are sequentially connected in series rear one end and are connected to transistor collector, another termination electricity through current-limiting resistance RC Source, transistor emitter ground connection, control terminal of the transistor base through current-limiting resistance RB connection single-chip microcomputers.
CN201510424945.0A 2015-07-17 2015-07-17 A kind of grain sorting technique and system based on multiband LED array Active CN105092494B (en)

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CN1687749A (en) * 2005-04-01 2005-10-26 中国农业大学 Scatheless method for testing freshness of livestock and birds meat quickly and device thereof
CN102284428A (en) * 2011-05-12 2011-12-21 浙江大学 Corn real-time detection and grading machine vision system
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CN102960094A (en) * 2012-11-13 2013-03-13 北京农业信息技术研究中心 Corn test device and method
CN103760163A (en) * 2014-01-26 2014-04-30 东北农业大学 Device for monitoring selection of soybean seeds in real time

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1353304A (en) * 2001-12-05 2002-06-12 单凯 Method and device for testing quality of grains
CN1687749A (en) * 2005-04-01 2005-10-26 中国农业大学 Scatheless method for testing freshness of livestock and birds meat quickly and device thereof
CN102284428A (en) * 2011-05-12 2011-12-21 浙江大学 Corn real-time detection and grading machine vision system
CN102854148A (en) * 2012-08-30 2013-01-02 中国农业大学 Detection and grading system for tenderness of fresh beef based on multispectral imagery
CN102960094A (en) * 2012-11-13 2013-03-13 北京农业信息技术研究中心 Corn test device and method
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