CN105092391A - Expansive soil slope shallow-layer damaged soil body shear strength test method - Google Patents
Expansive soil slope shallow-layer damaged soil body shear strength test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an expansive soil slope shallow-layer damaged soil body shear strength test method. The method comprises the following steps: performing vacuum saturation on a test sample, applying normal stress corresponding to stress during shearing on the test sample in a water tank for water soaking curing saturation so as to enable the test sample to fully absorb water until the test sample is expanded completely, drying the expanded rest sample in a constant temperature oven until the test sample obtains the constant weight, and repeating the steps until preset drying and watering cycle times are finished, so that the effect of the drying and watering cycle of air can be truly reflected. According to the method, the effective normal stress contains relatively small effective normal stress capable of reflecting an actual stressing state of a soil body; the drying and watering cycle of the air is considered, and an equivalent load effect consistent to the normal stress during shearing is applied in the drying and watering cycle expanding process; shear strength test results are fitted by adopting an improved power function replacing a Moore Coulomp linear function, so that the shear strength, in the actual stress state, of the expansive soil slope shallow-layer damaged soil body can be truly reflected.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of road, particularly relate to a kind of expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method.
Background technology
Because swelled ground is rich in the contour hydrophilic mineral of smectite, there is significant expand with wet and contract with dry characteristic, cause the research of its slope stability more complicated than unselected clay side slope many, especially its shear strength parameter is difficult to accurately determine.The Shear Strength Index that current highway roadbed design specification (JTGD30-2004) proposes swelled ground should adopt the intensity level lower than peak value, also can take inverse or experience agriculture products value, expose the complexity of intensive parameter value, be difficult to hold with uncertain; In addition, why expansive soil slope ratio of slope slows down to 1: 2 ~ 1: 3 and even more slowly also unstable failure occurs, and usually cannot explain, specification is even pointed out to adopt conventional Soil mechanics method can not properly settle the stable problem of Cut Slopes of Expansive Soil.
Through air drying and watering cycle effect, expansive soil slope is everlasting after flush period or rain and is destroyed, and most slope failure has shallow-layer, most top layer collapses the sliding degree of depth between 1.0 ~ 2.5m, now act on effective normal stress of the soil body on slipping plane and be about 10 ~ 30kPa, the minimum normal stress of direct shear test or the minimum confined pressure (50kPa) of ordinary triaxial test in current highway earthwork test rule (JTGE40-2007).Therefore, the swelled ground peak value slow shear intensity results of testing according to current highway earthwork test rule (JTGE40-2007) or even residual strength result, the intensive parameter meeting the linear method matching of mole coulomb criterion is adopted to carry out expansive soil slope stability analysis, calculate the Side Slope Safety Coefficient obtained significantly bigger than normal, can not get the result conformed to side slope generation Failure of Shallow.
Cause the reason of above-mentioned phenomenon mainly when swelled ground strength test, there is some deficiency following in slow shear (draining staight scissors) test in current highway earthwork test rule (JTGE40-2007): when the stress during test of (1) shop experiment soil strength and actual slope failure, the actual forced status of the soil body is not inconsistent; (2) the linear method matching intensity experiment result meeting mole coulomb criterion is adopted not reflect real conditions; (3) effect of drying and watering cycle is not considered.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method, be intended to the problem that the slow shear test solved in current highway earthwork test rule truly can not reflect shearing strength under expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil body actual forced status.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method comprises:
Step one, sample production: adopt cutting ring to cut and get undisturbed soil sample, ensure during cutting that sample and cutting ring wall are fitted closely; Density difference and the water percentage difference of parallel experiment sample are not not more than ± 0.1g/cm
3with 1%;
Step 2, there is lotus effect drying and watering cycle to sample;
Step 3, drying and watering cycle saturated sample saturated consolidation under corresponding pressure at right angle;
Step 4, select proving ring according to actual shearing strength size, start direct shear apparatus, shear with constant speed, until obtain peak shear strength;
The power function that step 5, employing are improved carries out matching to test figure.
Further, the concrete grammar of lotus effect drying and watering cycle is had to be to sample described in step 2:
Vacuumize saturated in vacuum saturator by sample, this limit sample expands, and keeps constant volume, vacuum is saturated complete after, then to apply and the load immersion saturated 96h of normal stress equivalence; Then, abundant imbibition saturated sample is placed in 40 DEG C of dry 36h of blast dry oven, makes saturated sample be dried to constant weight; Repeat above-mentioned two steps repeatedly, until reach predetermined drying moistening cycle.
Further, the normal stress described in step 2 is 5kPa, 15kPa, 30kPa, 50kPa, 100kPa, 200kPa and 300kPa; Predetermined drying moistening cycle, gets 4 ~ 8 times according to actual conditions.
Further, the saturated consolidation condition of sample described in step 3 is that the vertical deformation of sample is equal to or less than 0.003mm/h.
Further, it is when pressure at right angle is 5kPa, 15kPa and 30kPa that proving ring described in step 4 is selected, and the proving ring maximum range of selection is 0.1kN, and precision is 0.0025kN; During other each pressure at right angle shearing strength test, code requirement commonly uses proving ring; Constant speed is 0.01mm/h, to ensure that sample is for Drainage Shear tangent condition, also can select smaller value according to swelled ground clay content and swelling-shrinkage grade.
Further, improving power function described in step 5 is
practical operation is that self-defined above-mentioned improvement power function, with effective normal stress σ for horizontal ordinate, shearing strength τ is ordinate, adopts least square method to carry out matching, acquisition (A, n, T) three parameter by experimental test result input origin software.
In formula: τ is shearing strength; σ is effective normal stress; P
ait is atmospheric pressure; (A, n, T) is fitting parameter.
Further, adopt limit equilibrium method analysis of slope stability, use nonlinear strength Parameter analysis function that geoslope software carries based on following two formulas, obtain the effective cohesion intercept c of different stick soil shear strength parameter under different effectively normal stress and effective angle of friction
:
In formula: c is effective cohesion intercept;
it is effective angle of friction; σ is effective normal stress; P
ait is atmospheric pressure; (A, n, T) is fitting parameter.
The effective normal stress of expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method of the present invention comprises lower effective normal stress of reflection soil body actual forced status; Consider air drying and watering cycle effect, and apply the equivalent load effect consistent with normal stress when shearing in drying and watering cycle expansion process; Shear strength test result adopts the power function improved to replace a mole coulomb linear function to carry out matching, truly can reflect shearing strength under expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil body actual forced status.Expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method provided by the invention, can be the analysis of expansive soil slope shallow stability and reliable shear strength parameter is provided, thus reasonable dismissal expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow problem, and for Fill Reinforced With Geogrids flexible support etc. effectively handle measure theory support is provided.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method process flow diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the normal stress that provides of the embodiment of the present invention and shearing strength corresponding relation figure.
Embodiment
For summary of the invention of the present invention and feature can be understood further, hereby exemplify following examples, and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail as follows.
As shown in Figure 1, the expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method of the embodiment of the present invention comprises:
S101, sample production, adopt cutting ring to cut and get undisturbed soil sample, ensures that sample and cutting ring wall are fitted closely during cutting; Density difference and the water percentage difference of parallel experiment sample are not not more than ± 0.1g/cm
3with 1%;
S102, there is lotus effect drying and watering cycle to sample;
S103, drying and watering cycle saturated sample saturated consolidation under corresponding pressure at right angle;
S104, select proving ring according to actual shearing strength size, start direct shear apparatus, shear with constant speed, until obtain peak shear strength;
The power function that S105, employing improve carries out matching to test figure.
Further, the concrete grammar of lotus effect drying and watering cycle is had to be to sample described in step S102:
Vacuumize saturated in vacuum saturator by sample, this limit sample expands, and keeps constant volume, vacuum is saturated complete after, then to apply and the load immersion saturated 96h of normal stress equivalence; Then, abundant imbibition saturated sample is placed in 40 DEG C of dry 36h of blast dry oven, makes saturated sample be dried to constant weight; Repeat above-mentioned two steps repeatedly, until reach predetermined drying moistening cycle.
Further, the normal stress described in step S102 is 5kPa, 15kPa, 30kPa, 50kPa, 100kPa, 200kPa and 300kPa; Predetermined drying moistening cycle, gets 4 ~ 8 times according to actual conditions.
Further, the saturated consolidation condition of sample described in step S103 is that the vertical deformation of sample is equal to or less than 0.003mm/h.
Further, it is when pressure at right angle is 5kPa, 15kPa and 30kPa that proving ring described in step S104 is selected, and the proving ring maximum range of selection is 0.1kN, and precision is 0.0025kN; During other each pressure at right angle shearing strength test, code requirement commonly uses proving ring; Constant speed is 0.01mm/h, to ensure that sample is for Drainage Shear tangent condition, also can select smaller value according to swelled ground clay content and swelling-shrinkage grade.
Further, improving power function described in step S105 is
practical operation is that self-defined above-mentioned improvement power function, with effective normal stress σ for horizontal ordinate, shearing strength τ is ordinate, adopts least square method to carry out matching, acquisition (A, n, T) three parameter by experimental test result input origin software.
In formula: τ is shearing strength; σ is effective normal stress; P
ait is atmospheric pressure; (A, n, T) is fitting parameter.
Further, adopt limit equilibrium method analysis of slope stability, use nonlinear strength Parameter analysis function that geoslope software carries based on following two formulas, obtain the effective cohesion intercept c of different stick soil shear strength parameter under different effectively normal stress and effective angle of friction
:
In formula: c is effective cohesion intercept;
it is effective angle of friction; σ is effective normal stress; P
ait is atmospheric pressure; (A, n, T) is fitting parameter.
Through air drying and watering cycle effect, natural, without punishment or punishment newly excavate expansive soil slope improperly, often between flush period or after rainfall, there is Failure of Shallow, now the side slope superficial soil body can be in saturated or approximate state of saturation, during destruction, the actual effective normal stress be subject to of the slipping plane soil body is little, between 10 ~ 30kPa.In this case, standard slow shear Strength Testing Methods adopts 4 grades of normal stresses of 50 ~ 300kPa or 100 ~ 400kPa not conform to the actual forced status of sliding surface soil body during slope failure.Thus, the embodiment of the present invention increases by 3 grades of low normal stresses on the basis of original 4 grades of normal stresses, the actual forced status of soil body during to simulate slope failure.
The effective normal stress of expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method of the present invention comprises lower effective normal stress of reflection soil body actual forced status; Consider air drying and watering cycle effect, and apply the equivalent load effect consistent with normal stress when shearing in drying and watering cycle expansion process; Shear strength test result adopts the power function improved to replace a mole coulomb linear function to carry out matching.
Table 1 is the shearing strength fitting experimental data result of the embodiment of the present invention.
Table 1
Known by table 1 and Fig. 2, the shearing strength of high normal stress substantially tends towards stability after having lotus effect drying and watering cycle times 4 times, and the value under low normal stress condition still constantly reduces, and shearing strength value when normal stress is zero after effect 8 times goes to zero.Under low normal stress condition, the result of specification straight-line method matching is significantly greater than measured value, and improves power function method fitting result and differ less with measured value, the actual strength of sliding surface soil body when can reflect expansive soil slope generation Failure of Shallow really.Therefore, the slow shear intensity containing low effective normal stress need be tested, consider the impact having lotus effect drying and watering cycle simultaneously, and use improvement power function to carry out matching to test result.Adopt this type of shear strength parameter and carry out expansive soil slope stability analysis in conjunction with limit equilibrium method and can obtain and destroy consistent conclusion with side slope superficial.
The above is only to preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, every according to technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification, all belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. an expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method, is characterized in that, described expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method comprises:
Step one, sample production, adopt cutting ring to cut and get undisturbed soil sample, ensures that sample and cutting ring wall are fitted closely during cutting; Density difference and the water percentage difference of parallel experiment sample are not not more than ± 0.1g/cm
3with 1%;
Step 2, there is lotus effect drying and watering cycle to sample;
Step 3, drying and watering cycle saturated sample saturated consolidation under corresponding pressure at right angle;
Step 4, select proving ring according to actual shearing strength size, start direct shear apparatus, shear with constant speed, until obtain peak shear strength;
The power function that step 5, employing are improved carries out matching to test figure.
2. expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, has the concrete grammar of lotus effect drying and watering cycle to be described in step 2 to sample:
Sample is vacuumized saturated in vacuum saturator, then the load immersion saturated 96h of applying and normal stress equivalence; Then, abundant imbibition saturated sample is placed in 40 DEG C of dry 36h of blast dry oven, makes saturated sample be dried to constant weight; Repeat above-mentioned two steps repeatedly, until reach predetermined drying moistening cycle.
3. expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the normal stress described in step 2 is 5kPa, 15kPa, 30kPa, 50kPa, 100kPa, 200kPa, 300kPa; Predetermined drying moistening cycle, gets 4 ~ 8 times.
4. expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the saturated consolidation condition of sample described in step 3 is that the vertical deformation of sample is equal to or less than 0.003mm/h.
5. expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is when pressure at right angle is 5kPa, 15kPa and 30kPa that proving ring described in step 4 is selected, and the proving ring maximum range of selection is 0.1kN, and precision is 0.0025kN.
6. expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, improving power function described in step 5 is
with effective normal stress σ for horizontal ordinate, shearing strength τ is ordinate, adopts least square method to carry out matching, acquisition (A, n, T) three parameter.
In formula: τ is shearing strength; σ is effective normal stress; P
ait is atmospheric pressure; (A, n, T) is fitting parameter.
7. expansive soil slope Failure of Shallow soil shear strength test method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, obtains the effective cohesion intercept c of different stick soil shear strength parameter under different effectively normal stress and effective angle of friction
In formula: c is effective cohesion intercept;
it is effective angle of friction; σ is effective normal stress; P
ait is atmospheric pressure; (A, n, T) is fitting parameter.
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