CN105091226B - The control method and control device of air-conditioning system - Google Patents
The control method and control device of air-conditioning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105091226B CN105091226B CN201510481225.8A CN201510481225A CN105091226B CN 105091226 B CN105091226 B CN 105091226B CN 201510481225 A CN201510481225 A CN 201510481225A CN 105091226 B CN105091226 B CN 105091226B
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- air
- conditioning system
- heat exchanger
- outdoor heat
- outlet temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of control methods of air-conditioning system comprising following steps：When air-conditioning system enters defrosting mode, the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is detected；When air-conditioning system satisfaction exits the condition of defrosting mode, the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is judged；If the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, directly controls air-conditioning system and enter heating mode；If the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to preset temperature, the aperture of throttle part is then tuned up so that the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, and start timing when the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, until after timing time is more than preset time, control air-conditioning system enters heating mode.The control method of the air-conditioning system can solve the problems, such as that lubricating oil blocks throttle part and leads to air-conditioning system operation exception in air-conditioning system heating operations, ensure that air-conditioning system normally heats.The invention also discloses a kind of control devices of air-conditioning system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to air-conditioning technical field, more particularly to the control method of a kind of air-conditioning system and a kind of air-conditioning system
Control device.
Background technology
Currently, depletion of the ozone layer and global warming have become increasingly serious Global Environmental Problems, and refrigeration industry is logical
The refrigerant R22 and R410A being often used can impact environment.
Since carbon-hydrogen refrigerant HCs has outstanding environmental-friendly characteristic, i.e., low GWP (Global Warming
Potential, global warming potential value) and ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential, ozone depletion latent energy value) be 0,
It is applied in refrigeration industry more and more.With the use of HCs refrigerants within the compressor, there is also many problems to need to solve
Certainly, such as under low-temperature heating operating mode lubricating oil blocks throttle part after being susceptible to defrosting transformation of ownership heat, so as to cause air-conditioning system
System can not be heated normally.
Invention content
The application is made to understanding and the research of problems with based on inventor：
When selecting refrigerants of the carbon-hydrogen refrigerant HCs as air-conditioning system, since the pour point of lubricating oil is excessively high and refrigerant fills
Fluence is few, and throttle part outlet temperature is for a long time at lower temperature (such as -25 DEG C or less) before defrosting terminates, but lubricating oil inclines
Point is higher, since outdoor fan does not turn to make the refrigerant in outdoor heat exchanger (containing what is come by compressor discharge after frostization is clean
Oil) can not to be sufficiently cooled still be gaseous state, and cold medium flux is small at this time, and lubricating oil is difficult to be brought back compressor and in outdoor heat exchange
Device gradually gathers, the high pressure high density gas before compressor air suction instantaneously becomes the transformation of ownership heat after air-conditioning system transformation of ownership heat, flow
Instantaneously becoming larger, (lubricating oil is instantaneously reversely drawn into throttle part, and throttle part temperature is low for a long time less than -25 DEG C before this
Lubricating oil is set to be blocked in throttle part in oily gaseous coolant mixture pour point (lower than pure oily pour point).Wherein, oily gaseous coolant is mixed
Closing object cannot flow when less than oily gaseous coolant mixture pour point, only could when higher than oily gaseous coolant mixture pour point
Flowing, therefore, oily gaseous coolant mixture is under less than oily gaseous coolant mixture pour point, if throttle part temperature is long
Between be less than -25 DEG C, that is, be less than oily gaseous coolant mixture pour point, oily gaseous coolant mixture here can be prevented from flowing and
It is blocked in throttle part.
The present invention is directed at least solve one of the technical problem in above-mentioned technology to a certain extent.For this purpose, the present invention
One purpose is to propose a kind of control method of air-conditioning system, can solve lubricating oil in air-conditioning system heating operations and block section
Stream unit and the problem of lead to air-conditioning system operation exception, ensure that air-conditioning system normally heats.
It is another object of the present invention to propose a kind of control device of air-conditioning system.
In order to achieve the above objectives, one aspect of the present invention embodiment proposes a kind of control method of air-conditioning system, wherein institute
It includes outdoor heat exchanger and throttle part to state air-conditioning system, and the control method includes the following steps：When the air-conditioning system into
When entering defrosting mode, the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is detected；When air-conditioning system satisfaction exits the defrosting mode
Condition when, judge the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger；If the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is more than default temperature
Degree, then directly control the air-conditioning system and enter heating mode；If the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to
The preset temperature then tunes up the aperture of the throttle part so that the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is more than described preset
Temperature, and start timing when the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is more than the preset temperature, until timing time is more than
After preset time, controls the air-conditioning system and enter the heating mode.
The control method of air-conditioning system according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention is cut in air-conditioning system from defrosting mode to heating mode
When changing, the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is judged, if the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, directly control
Air-conditioning system enters heating mode, and if the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to preset temperature, by tuning up
The aperture of throttle part is and big in the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger so that the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature
Start timing when preset temperature, just controlling air-conditioning system after timing time is more than preset time enters heating mode, from
And can solve the problems, such as that lubricating oil blocks throttle part and leads to air-conditioning system operation exception in air-conditioning system heating operations, it protects
Card air-conditioning system normally heats so that the reliable and stable operation of air-conditioning system.
Wherein, the refrigerant in the air-conditioning system is carbon-hydrogen refrigerant HCs.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the preset temperature is less than the pour point of lubricating oil in the air-conditioning system.
A specific embodiment according to the present invention, the preset temperature are -10 DEG C~-100 DEG C.
In order to achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the present invention embodiment proposes a kind of control device of air-conditioning system, wherein
The air-conditioning system includes outdoor heat exchanger and throttle part, and the control device includes：Temperature detecting module, for described
Air-conditioning system detects the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger when entering defrosting mode；Timer；Control module, for described
Air-conditioning system meets the outlet temperature for the when of exiting the condition of the defrosting mode judging the outdoor heat exchanger, wherein if institute
The outlet temperature for stating outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, and the control module then directly controls the air-conditioning system and enters heating
Pattern；If the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to the preset temperature, control module if, tunes up institute
The aperture of throttle part is stated so that the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is more than the preset temperature, and in the outdoor heat exchange
The timer starts timing when the outlet temperature of device is more than the preset temperature, until after timing time is more than preset time,
The control module controls the air-conditioning system and enters the heating mode.
The control device of air-conditioning system according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention is cut in air-conditioning system from defrosting mode to heating mode
When changing, control module judges the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger, if the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature,
It directly controls air-conditioning system and enters heating mode, and if the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to preset temperature,
By tuning up the aperture of throttle part so that the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, and going out in outdoor heat exchanger
Mouth temperature starts timing when being more than preset temperature, and just controlling air-conditioning system after timing time is more than preset time enters heating
Pattern leads to air-conditioning system operation exception so as to solve lubricating oil blocking throttle part in air-conditioning system heating operations
Problem ensures that air-conditioning system normally heats so that the reliable and stable operation of air-conditioning system.
Wherein, the refrigerant in the air-conditioning system is carbon-hydrogen refrigerant HCs.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the preset temperature is less than the pour point of lubricating oil in the air-conditioning system.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the preset temperature is -10 DEG C~-100 DEG C.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart according to the control method of the air-conditioning system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart according to the control method of the air-conditioning system of a specific embodiment of the invention；And
Fig. 3 is the block diagram according to the control device of the air-conditioning system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, it is intended to for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
The control method and air-conditioning system of the air-conditioning system proposed according to embodiments of the present invention described with reference to the accompanying drawings
Control device.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart according to the control method of the air-conditioning system of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the embodiment of the present invention
Air-conditioning system includes outdoor heat exchanger, throttle part such as electric expansion valve, further include certainly compressor, indoor heat exchanger etc. its
His component, is just no longer described in detail here.
As shown in Figure 1, the control method of the air-conditioning system includes the following steps：
S1 detects the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger when air-conditioning system enters defrosting mode.
Wherein, the outlet temperature T3 of outdoor heat exchanger can be detected by temperature sensor, and temperature sensor can be set
Set any position between outdoor heat exchanger and throttle part.
S2 judges the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger when air-conditioning system satisfaction exits the condition of defrosting mode.
S3 directly controls air-conditioning system and enters heating mould if the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature
Formula.
S4, if the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger be less than or equal to preset temperature, tune up the aperture of throttle part with
So that the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, and starts when the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature
Timing, until after timing time is more than preset time, control air-conditioning system enters heating mode.
Wherein, the refrigerant in air-conditioning system can be carbon-hydrogen refrigerant HCs.
Also, according to one embodiment of present invention, preset temperature t is less than the pour point of lubricating oil in air-conditioning system, such as
It can be -10 DEG C~-100 DEG C.That is, preset temperature t is negative value, and it is related with the oil pour point of lubricating oil, usually
It is lower than oil pour point.
Preferably, preset temperature t can be -20 DEG C.
Specifically, according to one embodiment of present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, the control method of above-mentioned air-conditioning system includes
Following steps：
S201, air-conditioning system are run with defrosting mode.
S202 detects the outlet temperature T3 of outdoor heat exchanger, that is, condenser.
S203 judges temperature value T3 at this time when air-conditioning system satisfaction exits the condition of defrosting mode.If T3 is more than
Preset temperature t, thens follow the steps S207；If T3 is less than or equal to preset temperature t, S204 is thened follow the steps.
S204, by tuning up the aperture of throttle part such as electric expansion valve so that then T3 is executed more than preset temperature t
Step S205.
S205 starts timing.
S206, judges whether timing time is more than preset time such as n minutes.If so, executing step S207；If
It is no, then return to step S205.
S207, control air-conditioning system enter heating mode.
Wherein, preset time n minutes can be 0.5~10 minute, it is preferable that can be 1 minute.
In conclusion the control method of air-conditioning system according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention, air-conditioning system from defrosting mode to
When heating mode switches, the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is judged, if the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature,
It then directly controls air-conditioning system and enters heating mode, and if the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to preset temperature,
Then by tuning up the aperture of throttle part so that the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, and in outdoor heat exchanger
Outlet temperature starts timing when being more than preset temperature, and just controlling air-conditioning system after timing time is more than preset time enters system
Heat pattern leads to air-conditioning system operation exception so as to solve lubricating oil blocking throttle part in air-conditioning system heating operations
The problem of, ensure that air-conditioning system normally heats so that the reliable and stable operation of air-conditioning system.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram according to the control device of the air-conditioning system of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the air-conditioning system
System includes outdoor heat exchanger, throttle part such as electric expansion valve, further includes other portions such as compressor, indoor heat exchanger certainly
Part is just no longer described in detail here.As shown in figure 3, the control device of the air-conditioning system includes temperature detecting module 10, timer
20 and control module 30.
Wherein, temperature detecting module 10 is for detecting the outdoor heat exchanger when the air-conditioning system enters defrosting mode
Outlet temperature T3, control module 30 be used for the air-conditioning system satisfaction exit the condition of the defrosting mode when judge described in
The outlet temperature T3 of outdoor heat exchanger, wherein if the outlet temperature T3 of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature t, control module
30 directly control air-conditioning system and enter heating mode；If the outlet temperature T3 of outdoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to preset temperature
T, control module 30 then tunes up the aperture of throttle part such as electric expansion valve so that the outlet temperature T3 of outdoor heat exchanger is more than
Preset temperature t, and timer 20 starts timing when the outlet temperature T3 of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature t, until timing
Time was more than preset time after such as n minutes, and control module 30 controls air-conditioning system and enters heating mode.
According to one embodiment of present invention, timer 20 can be integrated in control module 30.
Specifically, temperature detecting module 10 may include temperature sensor, and temperature sensor may be provided at outdoor heat exchange
Any position between device and throttle part, as long as the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger can be detected.
According to one embodiment of present invention, preset temperature t is less than the pour point of lubricating oil in air-conditioning system, such as can be with
It is -10 DEG C~-100 DEG C.That is, preset temperature t is negative value, and it is related with the oil pour point of lubricating oil, usually than oil
Product pour point is low.
Preferably, preset temperature t can be -20 DEG C.
According to an example of the present invention, preset time n minutes can be 0.5~10 minute, it is preferable that can be 1 point
Clock.
Also, in an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant in air-conditioning system can be carbon-hydrogen refrigerant HCs.
The control device of air-conditioning system according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention is cut in air-conditioning system from defrosting mode to heating mode
When changing, control module judges the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger, if the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature,
It directly controls air-conditioning system and enters heating mode, and if the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to preset temperature,
By tuning up the aperture of throttle part so that the outlet temperature of outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, and going out in outdoor heat exchanger
Mouth temperature starts timing when being more than preset temperature, and just controlling air-conditioning system after timing time is more than preset time enters heating
Pattern leads to air-conditioning system operation exception so as to solve lubricating oil blocking throttle part in air-conditioning system heating operations
Problem ensures that air-conditioning system normally heats so that the reliable and stable operation of air-conditioning system.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term "center", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " length ", " width ",
" thickness ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside", " up time
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as needle ", " counterclockwise ", " axial direction ", " radial direction ", " circumferential direction " be orientation based on ... shown in the drawings or
Position relationship is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, and does not indicate or imply the indicated device or element must
There must be specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for description purposes only, it is not understood to indicate or imply relative importance
Or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.Define " first " as a result, the feature of " second " can be expressed or
Implicitly include at least one this feature.In the description of the present invention, the meaning of " plurality " is at least two, such as two, three
It is a etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " etc.
Term shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integral；Can be that machinery connects
It connects, can also be electrical connection；It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary in two elements
The interaction relationship of the connection in portion or two elements, unless otherwise restricted clearly.For those of ordinary skill in the art
For, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific conditions.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, fisrt feature can be with "above" or "below" second feature
It is that the first and second features are in direct contact or the first and second features pass through intermediary mediate contact.Moreover, fisrt feature exists
Second feature " on ", " top " and " above " but fisrt feature be directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or be merely representative of
Fisrt feature level height is higher than second feature.Fisrt feature second feature " under ", " lower section " and " below " can be
One feature is directly under or diagonally below the second feature, or is merely representative of fisrt feature level height and is less than second feature.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
It must be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in office
It can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or example.In addition, without conflicting with each other, the skill of this field
Art personnel can tie the feature of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
It closes and combines.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, changes, replacing and modification.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of control method of air-conditioning system, which is characterized in that the air-conditioning system includes outdoor heat exchanger and throttle part,
The control method includes the following steps：
When the air-conditioning system enters defrosting mode, the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is detected；
When air-conditioning system satisfaction exits the condition of the defrosting mode, the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is judged；
If the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, directly controls the air-conditioning system and enter heating mould
Formula；
If the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to the preset temperature, opening for the throttle part is tuned up
It spends so that the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is more than the preset temperature, and it is big in the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger
Start timing when the preset temperature, until after timing time is more than preset time, controls described in the air-conditioning system entrance
Heating mode.
2. the control method of air-conditioning system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the refrigerant in the air-conditioning system is carbon
Hydrogen refrigerant HCs.
3. the control method of air-conditioning system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the preset temperature is less than described
The pour point of lubricating oil in air-conditioning system, and the preset temperature is -10 DEG C~-100 DEG C.
4. a kind of control device of air-conditioning system, which is characterized in that the air-conditioning system includes outdoor heat exchanger and throttle part,
The control device includes：
Temperature detecting module, the outlet temperature for detecting the outdoor heat exchanger when the air-conditioning system enters defrosting mode
Degree；
Timer；
Control module, for judging the outdoor heat exchanger when air-conditioning system satisfaction exits the condition of the defrosting mode
Outlet temperature, wherein
If the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is more than preset temperature, control module if, directly controls the air-conditioning system
System enters heating mode；
If the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is less than or equal to the preset temperature, control module if, tunes up described
The aperture of throttle part is so that the outlet temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger is more than the preset temperature, and in the outdoor heat exchanger
Outlet temperature when being more than the preset temperature timer start timing, until after timing time is more than preset time, institute
It states control module and controls the air-conditioning system into the heating mode.
5. the control device of air-conditioning system as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the refrigerant in the air-conditioning system is carbon
Hydrogen refrigerant HCs.
6. the control device of air-conditioning system as described in claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that the preset temperature is less than described
The pour point of lubricating oil in air-conditioning system, and the preset temperature is -10 DEG C~-100 DEG C.
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| CN106369877A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-02-01 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Heat pump system and defrosting control method thereof |
| CN106940072A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-07-11 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Air-conditioner and its grease proofing blocking control method |
| CN107044718B (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2019-10-22 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | The control method of air conditioner, the control device of air conditioner and air conditioner |
| CN107421058A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-12-01 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | The control method of air conditioner, the control device of air conditioner and air conditioner |
| CN107143978A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-09-08 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | Air-conditioning system and its blower control method and device |
| CN108444140B (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2020-12-01 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Air conditioner, method of controlling the same, and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN108488997A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-04 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Air conditioner and its control method and computer readable storage medium |
| CN109059192B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2021-04-20 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Control method and device for heating compressor winding |
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| CN204006853U (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-12-10 | 美的集团武汉制冷设备有限公司 | Air-conditioning system |
| CN204388439U (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-06-10 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Air-conditioner outdoor unit and throttle part thereof |
| CN104776570A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-15 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Fault detection method and device of air conditioner system |
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