CN105089756B - Gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system and its analysis method - Google Patents
Gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system and its analysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105089756B CN105089756B CN201410211194.XA CN201410211194A CN105089756B CN 105089756 B CN105089756 B CN 105089756B CN 201410211194 A CN201410211194 A CN 201410211194A CN 105089756 B CN105089756 B CN 105089756B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system and its analysis method, and wherein gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method step is included：Produce a spray frequency signal of first gas, capture second gas sensing signal, then second gas sensing signal is changed into second gas sensing frequency signal, thereafter the crest frequency of second gas sensing frequency signal is judged, produce sensed peaks frequency signal, ultimate analysis spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency signal.Wherein utilize fast Fourier transform, second gas sensing signal in units of the time is converted to the second gas sensing frequency signal in units of frequency, utilize the crest frequency of second gas sensing frequency signal, judge spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency signal whether difference, thereby analysis method judge whether occur gas mutual inductance phenomenon.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is related to a kind of sensing signal analysis method and analysis system, espespecially a kind of gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system
System and its analysis method.
Background technology
Because modern industry produces the excess emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfide and other VOCs, each
Ground causes the disasters such as acid rain, haze evil and ozone reduction, constitutes huge threat to human health and ecological environment.Sulfide
And the discharge capacity of other VOCs is as progressing greatly for oil Refining Technologies is improved, therefore go in removing exhaust gas
Nitrogen oxides sternly so turns into one of vital task of current environment pollution control.
With engine exhaust detection as an example, the nitrogen oxides (NOx) that most effective reduction engine is discharged now gives up
Gas is that the ammonia produced using aqueous solution of urea is catalyzed (selective catalyst as the selective reduction of reducing agent
reduction；SCR) after-treatment system.In selective reduction catalysis after-treatment system, nitrogen oxides sensor (NGK/
Continental Smart Sensor；SNS) it is widely deployed in monitoring and control nitrogen oxide exhaust emissions.But it is high
The ammonia of concentration easily produces mutual inductance phenomenon (cross sensitivity) with nitrogen oxides sensor, makes nitrogen oxides sensor
Output signal can not distinguish be nitrous oxides exhaust gas cause or ammonia caused by.Therefore it will make after SCR
The control logic misjudgment of processing system, make excessive ammonia spray into cause waste, and excess of ammonia gas can with waste gas
Catalyst in sulfide formation contaminants SCR after-treatment system, reduction nitrous oxides exhaust gas decrement effect
Rate.
The improvement practice of prior art has two kinds.Urged one is being respectively arranged on selectivity using two nitrogen oxides sensors
Change the upstream and downstream of reduction after-treatment system, differentiated using the signal of time-varying Phase Processing upstream and downstream nitrogen oxides sensor
Whether ammonia is excessive.Secondly lying in selective reduction catalysis after-treatment system installs the direct sampling unit of engine exhaust additional, utilize
Chemiluminescent analyzer calculates ammonia concentration value.However, above-mentioned prior art all needs separately to install nitrogen oxides sensor or spy additional again
Different device, not only causes cost to improve, and total system complexity is increased and weight penalty.
The content of the invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a kind of gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system and its analysis method, and this
Invention can apply to the device in various generation waste gas discharges, and expectation can solve above-mentioned various problems.
According to an embodiment of method aspect of the invention, a kind of gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method, its step are proposed
Comprising：Produce a spray frequency signal of a first gas.Capture a second gas sensing signal.Then change using the time to be single
The second gas sensing signal of position is the second gas sensing frequency signal in units of frequency.Then second gas sense is judged
The crest frequency of measured frequency signal, produces a sensed peaks frequency signal.Ultimate analysis spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency
Rate signal, if spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency signal difference, analysis result is generation gas mutual inductance phenomenon.
The thereby embodiment of method aspect, the present invention can by analysis spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency signal,
Learn whether analysis spray frequency signal occurs difference with sensed peaks frequency signal, show to judge whether to occur gas mutual inductance
As, and then make total system cost, complexity and weight reduction.
Other embodiment in preceding method aspect embodiment is as follows：Foregoing second gas sensing signal can be using soon
Fast Fourier transform is converted to second gas sensing frequency signal.Foregoing sensed peaks frequency signal can include a first peak
It is worth frequency and one second crest frequency.Foregoing analysis spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency signal can utilize spray frequency
Signal subtracts each other one difference of generation that takes absolute value with sensed peaks frequency signal, and difference and a standard value are done into com-parison and analysis, are on duty
Value is less than standard value, and then second gas sensing signal is a right value, and when difference is more than standard value, then second gas sensing signal is
One improper value.
According to an embodiment of system aspect of the invention, using foregoing gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method, specially
A kind of gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system is proposed, it is included：One first gas generation unit, a second gas sensing unit, one
Signal conversion unit, a crest frequency judging unit and a signal analysis unit.Wherein first gas generation unit is used to produce
One spray frequency signal.Second gas sensing unit is used to produce a second gas sensing signal.Signal conversion unit and second
Gas sensing unit is electrically connected with, and wherein signal conversion unit is changed second gas sensing signal using fast Fourier transform
For a second gas sensing frequency signal.Crest frequency judging unit is electrically connected with signal conversion unit, wherein crest frequency
Judging unit judges to export a sensed peaks frequency signal after second gas sensing frequency signal.Signal analysis unit and the first gas
Body generation unit and crest frequency judging unit are electrically connected with, and wherein signal analysis unit is to analyze spray frequency signal and sense
Survey crest frequency signal.
Thereby the embodiment of system aspect, can analyze spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency by signal analysis unit
Signal, learns whether analysis spray frequency signal occurs difference with sensed peaks frequency signal, to judge whether that generation gas is mutual
Feel phenomenon, and then make total system cost, complexity and weight reduction.
Other embodiment in aforementioned system aspect embodiment is as follows：Foregoing gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system can be another
Include a selective reduction catalyst unit.Foregoing selective reduction catalyst unit is turned a second gas using a first gas
Change a non-toxic gas into.Foregoing first gas can be ammonia, and second gas can be nitrogen oxides.Foregoing spray frequency signal
For ammonia spray frequency signal.Foregoing second gas sensing unit can be a nitrogen oxides sensor.Foregoing first gas
It can be produced by urea water vapor.Foregoing sensed peaks frequency signal can include one first crest frequency and one second peak value frequency
Rate.
Difference of the present invention refers to that the frequency distance of spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency signal is too big, implies that
The frequency-splitting of spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency signal is more than standard value.
The inventive method aspect and system aspect are not only applicable to engine exhaust detection, the detection of power carrier engine and phase
The exhaust detection field with gas mutual inductance phenomenon is closed, the detection of gas mutual inductance phenomenon can be all done with the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates the gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system Organization Chart of the present invention.
The nitrogen oxides sensing signal measurement figure that the second gas sensing unit that Fig. 3 A illustrate this hair is sensed.
Fig. 3 B illustrate Fig. 3 A ammonia and nitrogen oxides ratio-time diagram.
Fig. 3 C illustrate Fig. 3 A partial enlarged drawing.
Fig. 4 A to Fig. 4 D, it illustrates the nitrogen oxides sensing frequency signal of the present invention in different ammonias and the ratio of nitrogen oxides
Intensity-frequency diagram under example.
Wherein, reference：
100、110、120、130、140：Step
200：Gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system
210：Selective reduction catalyst unit
220：First gas generation unit
230：Second gas sensing unit
240：Signal conversion unit
250：Crest frequency judging unit
260：Signal analysis unit
270：Display unit
280：Urea water Container
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is refer to, it illustrates the gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method block diagram of the present invention, its step is included：Step
100, produce a spray frequency signal of a first gas.Step 110, a second gas sensing signal is captured.Step 120, turn
A second gas sensing signal is changed to, is to be converted to the second gas sensing signal in units of the time in units of frequency
Second gas sensing frequency signal.Step 130, a sensed peaks frequency signal is produced, judges that second gas sensing frequency is believed
Number crest frequency.Step 140, analysis spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency signal, if spray frequency signal and sensing
Crest frequency signal difference, then analysis result is generation gas mutual inductance phenomenon.
The above-mentioned crest frequency of sensed peaks frequency signal fechtable one first and one second crest frequency, wherein first peak
The peak strength for being worth frequency is more than the peak strength of the second crest frequency.
Above-mentioned second gas sensing signal is turned using fast Fourier transform (Fast Fourier Transform)
It is changed to second gas sensing frequency signal.Wherein fast Fourier transform is to simplify discrete Fourier conversion using effective means
(Discrete Fourier Transform) operation time, it turns (x1, x2 ... .., xn-1) in multiple data x sequence
The how sinusoidal of limited set is changed to, its mathematical expression is as follows：
Foregoing analysis spray frequency signal (fpump) and sensed peaks frequency signal (fpeak) in, using spray frequency
Signal and sensed peaks frequency signal subtract each other one difference of generation that takes absolute value (| fpeak-fpump|), by difference and a standard value (ε)
Do com-parison and analysis, when difference be less than standard value (| fpeak-fpump| ＜ ε) then second gas sensing signal be a right value；Work as difference
More than standard value, then second gas sensing signal is an improper value, represents and occurs gas mutual inductance phenomenon.
Foregoing sensed peaks frequency signal the first crest frequency of fechtableAnd second crest frequencyWherein utilize spray frequency signal (fpump) subtract each other the first difference of generation that takes absolute value with the first crest frequencyUtilize spray frequency signal (fpump) subtract each other the generation second that takes absolute value with the second crest frequency
DifferenceFirst difference and the second difference are done into com-parison and analysis with a standard value (ε)；When the first difference
Less than standard valueAnd second difference be less than standard value
Then second gas sensing signal is a right value；When one is more than standard value then second gas sense in the first difference or the second difference
Survey signal is an improper value, represents and occurs gas mutual inductance phenomenon.The second foregoing crest frequency is used for verifying, it is to keep away
The parameter exempted from the interpretation of influence algorithm and designed.
Wherein when the first difference is more than standard valueOr second difference be more than standard valueThen second gas sensing signal is an improper value, you can judge the situation of urea leakage
Occur, and the concentration and the first sensed peaks frequency signal of urea leakageRelevant (when there is urea leakage, the first sense
Survey crest frequency signalTypically occur at low frequency), the yield value learnt by an experiment σ is multiplied by estimate
The urea concentration of leakage, is represented by
﹝ NH3﹞leakage=σ (maxX (K)).
Stipulating for foregoing standard value is to avoid both sensed peaks frequency signal and spray frequency signal may be because of frequency
Rate resolution deficiency produces error, and then influences the interpretation of algorithm and stipulate.This standard value size depends on quick Fourier
Negative correlation is presented with standard value in sample time (sampling time) length of the data of leaf conversion, wherein sample time,
That is longer sample time can design less standard value, shorter sample time needs to design larger standard value.
Fig. 2 is refer to, it illustrates the Organization Chart of gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system 200 of the present invention, and it draws applied to diesel oil
Hold up on vehicle.Fig. 2 gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system 200 is included：One selective reduction catalyst unit 210, a first gas
Generation unit 220, a second gas sensing unit 230, a signal conversion unit 240, a crest frequency judging unit 250 and one
Signal analysis unit 260.Wherein a second gas is converted into a nothing by selective reduction catalyst unit 210 using a first gas
Poisonous gas.First gas generation unit 220 is used to produce a spray frequency signal.Second gas sensing unit 230 is used to produce
One second gas sensing signal.Signal conversion unit 240 is electrically connected with second gas sensing unit 230, and wherein signal is changed
Second gas sensing signal is converted to a second gas sensing frequency signal by unit 240 using fast Fourier transform.Peak value
Frequency judging unit 250 is electrically connected with signal conversion unit 240, and wherein crest frequency judging unit 250 judges second gas
A sensed peaks frequency signal is exported after sensing frequency signal.Signal analysis unit 260 and first gas generation unit 220 and peak
Value frequency judging unit 250 is electrically connected with, and wherein signal analysis unit 260 is to analyze spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency
Rate signal.
In foregoing gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system 200, signal analysis unit 260 electrically connects with a display unit 270
Connect, spray frequency signal and sensed peaks frequency signal that display unit 270 is received except display signal analysis unit 260,
Display that signal analysis unit 260 judges whether the result for occurring gas mutual inductance phenomenon.
Foregoing first gas is ammonia (NH3), second gas can be nitrogen oxides (NOX).Foregoing gas mutual inductance phenomenon
In analysis system 200, a urea water Container 280, urea water (urea, (NH are additionally comprised2)2CO) to provide selective reduction
Ammonia needed for catalyst unit 210, the chemical reaction that urea water produces ammonia is expressed as follows：
(NH2)2CO+H2O→2NH3+CO2。
Urea water is the current common ammonia to provide needed for selective reduction catalyst unit 210, and its reason is urine
Plain water is non-toxic and easily storage transport, and when urea water concentration is 32.5%, its minimum adiabatic condensation temperature is minus 11 DEG C, institute
Used so that most area can be met；And be a colourless aqueous solution when urea water concentration is 32.5%, and its pH value is about
Between 9.0~9.5, ammonia can be vaporized at room temperature.
In foregoing selective reduction catalyst unit 210, catalyst (catalyst) material can be vanadic anhydride
(V2O5), tungstic acid (WO3) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) etc..
When nitrogen oxides and ammonia enter in selective reduction catalyst unit 210, it is anti-that with ammonia chemistry occurs for nitrogen oxides
Nontoxic nitrogen and aqueous vapor should be produced afterwards, and it occurs chemical reaction and is expressed as following chemical formula：
Foregoing second gas sensing unit 230 is a nitrogen oxides sensor.The current existing nitrogen oxides sensing in market
Device is produced by NGK/Continental, and wherein nitrogen oxides sensor shell system utilizes zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) manufacture and
Into the purpose is to enable the high temperature that nitrogen oxides sensor bears 800 DEG C.
Nitrogen oxides sensor is also easy to produce gas mutual inductance phenomenon under high concentration ammonia environment, makes nitrogen oxides sensor
The sensing signal of output can not be distinguished caused by being nitrogen oxides or ammonia.Therefore the present invention utilizes fast Fourier transform
Signal analysis is done, thereby distinguishes whether the sensing signal of nitrogen oxides sensor output occurs gas mutual inductance phenomenon, and learns ammonia
Gas (NH3) leakage opportunity.
Referring to Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B.Fig. 3 A illustrate the nitrogen oxides sense that the second gas sensing unit of this hair is sensed
Survey semaphore mapping；Fig. 3 B illustrate ammonia and nitrogen oxides ratio-time diagram in Fig. 3 A.
From Fig. 3 B, second gas sensing unit integrally measured the time for 900 seconds, measures step in 900 seconds time and adjusts
The ratio of change ammonia and nitrogen oxides four times, the ratio of wherein ammonia and nitrogen oxides is respectively 0.35,0.65,1 and 1.35；Before
The ratio system of modulation ammonia and nitrogen oxides is stated using ammonia spray frequency is controlled, when ammonia spray frequency is improved, ammonia is represented
The quantitative change of spray is more, and then the ratio of ammonia and nitrogen oxides is improved.
From Fig. 3 A, concussion form is presented in the nitrogen oxides sensing signal curve that second gas sensing unit is measured,
Be able to not can not be distinguished as signal curve be nitrogen oxides cause or ammonia caused by, except in 500 to 600 seconds intervals, when
When the ratio of ammonia and nitrogen oxides is 1, less concussion and noise is presented in nitrogen oxides sensing signal curve, represents ammonia and nitrogen
The chemical reaction of oxide is more complete.From Fig. 3 C, even if 300 to 400 seconds intervals in enlarged drawing 3A, nitrogen oxides sensing letter
Concussion form is still presented in number curve, still can not discernible signal curve be nitrogen oxides cause or ammonia caused by.
Referring to Fig. 4 A to Fig. 4 D, it illustrates the nitrogen oxides sensing frequency signal of the present invention in different ammonias and nitrogen
Intensity-frequency diagram under the ratio of oxide.Nitrogen oxides sensing frequency signal wherein in units of frequency is by with the time
Calculate to come through fast Fourier transform for the nitrogen oxides sensing signal of unit.
From Fig. 4 A, when it is 0.1 (1/ second) that the ratio of ammonia and nitrogen oxides, which is 0.35, ammonia spray frequency, nitrogen
Frequency at oxide sensing frequency signal peak and the ammonia spray frequency representated by dotted line represent nitrogen all in 0.1 (1/ second)
Gas blowout notes frequency signal with nitrogen oxides sensed peaks frequency signal without difference, then it represents that the sensing signal of nitrogen oxides sensor
Gas mutual inductance phenomenon, i.e. signal do not occur real nitrogen oxides (NO is presentedx) concentration.
From Fig. 4 B, when it is 0.195 (1/ second) that the ratio of ammonia and nitrogen oxides, which is 0.65, ammonia spray frequency,
Frequency at nitrogen oxides sensing frequency signal peak and the ammonia spray frequency representated by dotted line are represented all in 0.2 (1/ second)
Nitrogen spray frequency signal is with nitrogen oxides sensed peaks frequency signal without difference, then it represents that the sensing letter of nitrogen oxides sensor
Gas mutual inductance phenomenon, i.e. signal number do not occur real nitrogen oxides (NO is presentedx) concentration.
From Fig. 4 C, when it is 0.295 (1/ second) that the ratio of ammonia and nitrogen oxides, which is 1, ammonia spray frequency, nitrogen oxygen
When frequency at compound sensing frequency signal peak and the ammonia spray frequency representated by dotted line are all close to 0.3 (1/ second), represent
Nitrogen spray frequency signal is with nitrogen oxides sensed peaks frequency signal without difference, then it represents that the sensing letter of nitrogen oxides sensor
Gas mutual inductance phenomenon, i.e. signal number do not occur real nitrogen oxides (NO is presentedx) concentration.
From Fig. 4 D, when it is 0.4 (1/ second) that the ratio of ammonia and nitrogen oxides, which is 1.35, ammonia spray frequency, nitrogen
When the frequency at oxide sensing frequency signal peak and the ammonia spray frequency representated by dotted line excessive apart, nitrogen spray is represented
Note frequency signal has difference with nitrogen oxides sensed peaks frequency signal, then it represents that the sensing signal of nitrogen oxides sensor occurs
Gas mutual inductance phenomenon, that is, the urea influence signal for having leakage, makes nitrogen oxides (NOx) readings misalignment and produce and over-evaluate.
The gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method and analysis system of the present invention is not only applicable to engine exhaust detection, power and carried
Have engine detection and the related exhaust detection field with gas mutual inductance phenomenon, the inspection of gas mutual inductance phenomenon can be all done with the present invention
Survey.
Summary, the present invention does signal analysis using fast Fourier transform and applies to gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method
And analysis system has following advantage：First, reach can rapid identification whether occur gas mutual inductance phenomenon；Second, reaching prevented
Amount ammonia sprays into the waste caused, excess of ammonia gas and the pollutant of the sulfide formation in waste gas is also prevented simultaneously, and then drop
The nitrous oxides exhaust gas decrement efficiency of low selectivity reduction catalystses unit；Third, reaching the cost of reduction system, complexity and again
Amount, because the gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system of the present invention is not required to install nitrogen oxides sensor or other special devices additional in addition.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with embodiment, it is not limited to the present invention, the technology of any this area
Personnel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when various changes and modification, therefore protection scope of the present invention can be made
It is defined when depending on the appended claims protection domain person of defining.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
Produce a spray frequency signal of a first gas；
Capture a second gas sensing signal；
The second gas sensing signal is changed into a second gas sensing frequency signal, is by second gas in units of the time
Body sensing signal is converted to the second gas sensing frequency signal in units of frequency；
Judge the crest frequency of the second gas sensing frequency signal, produce a sensed peaks frequency signal；And
The spray frequency signal and the sensed peaks frequency signal are analyzed, if the spray frequency signal is believed with the sensed peaks frequency
Gas mutual inductance phenomenon then occurs for number difference.
2. gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the second gas sensing signal is converted to this
Second gas sensing frequency signal system utilizes fast Fourier transform.
3. gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the sensed peaks frequency signal is included：One
First crest frequency and one second crest frequency.
4. gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that analyze the spray frequency signal and the sensing
Crest frequency signal system subtracts each other one difference of generation that takes absolute value using the spray frequency signal and the sensed peaks frequency signal, will
The difference does com-parison and analysis with a standard value, and when the difference is less than the standard value, then the second gas sensing signal is one correct
Value, when the difference is more than the standard value, then the second gas sensing signal is an improper value.
5. a kind of gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system, it is characterised in that include：
One first gas generation unit, it is used to produce a spray frequency signal；
One second gas sensing unit, it is used to produce a second gas sensing signal；
One signal conversion unit, it is electrically connected with the second gas sensing unit, and the signal conversion unit utilizes quick Fourier
The second gas sensing signal is converted to a second gas sensing frequency signal by leaf conversion；
One crest frequency judging unit, itself and the signal conversion unit are electrically connected with, the crest frequency judging unit judge this
A sensed peaks frequency signal is exported after two gas sensing frequency signals；And
One signal analysis unit, it is electrically connected with the first gas generation unit and the crest frequency judging unit, and analysis should
Spray frequency signal and the sensed peaks frequency signal.
6. gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that also comprising a selective reduction catalyst unit
It is electrically connected with the first gas generation unit and the second gas sensing unit.
7. gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the selective reduction catalyst unit utilizes one
One second gas is converted into a non-toxic gas by first gas.
8. gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the first gas is ammonia, second gas
Body is nitrogen oxides.
9. gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the spray frequency signal is ammonia spray frequency
Rate signal.
10. gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the second gas sensing unit is a nitrogen
Oxide sensor.
11. gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the first gas is produced by urea water vapor
It is raw.
12. gas mutual inductance phenomenon analysis system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the sensed peaks frequency signal is included：One
First crest frequency and one second crest frequency.
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| CN102383901A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-21 | 通用电气公司 | Exhaust treatment system and method of operation |
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| US7275425B2 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2007-10-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for testing at least three sensors, which detect a measurable variable for an internal combustion engine |
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| US5385134A (en) * | 1992-06-13 | 1995-01-31 | Aft Atlas Fahrzeugtechnik Gmbh | System for monitoring leakage into exhaust lines |
| US6026639A (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2000-02-22 | Engelhard Corporation | Apparatus and method for diagnosis of catalyst performance |
| CN101344028A (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-14 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Method for determining malfunction of nitrogen oxide sensor and selective catalytic reduction system operating the same |
| CN102383901A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-21 | 通用电气公司 | Exhaust treatment system and method of operation |
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