CN105087866B - Dephosphorization method for molten steel smelted by medium-frequency induction furnace - Google Patents

Dephosphorization method for molten steel smelted by medium-frequency induction furnace Download PDF

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CN105087866B
CN105087866B CN201410214688.3A CN201410214688A CN105087866B CN 105087866 B CN105087866 B CN 105087866B CN 201410214688 A CN201410214688 A CN 201410214688A CN 105087866 B CN105087866 B CN 105087866B
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dephosphorising agent
dephosphorization
induction furnace
molten steel
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CN105087866A (en
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刘宏伟
傅排先
栾义坤
侯成华
夏立军
李殿中
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a dephosphorization method for molten steel smelted by a medium-frequency induction furnace and belongs to the technical field of molten steel dephosphorization. According to the method, dephosphorization agents and fluxing agents are utilized to conduct dephosphorization on molten steel generated in the smelting process of the induction furnace, and the dephosphorization agents comprise iron oxide powder, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, wherein the magnesium oxide should be, by weight, 10% smaller than the iron oxide powder, and the calcium oxide is, by weight, 0.5-5 times of the iron oxide powder. The smelting process of the induction furnace is divided into three states; in the first stage, the weight ratio of the iron oxide powder and the calcium oxide in the dephosphorization agents is 1 to 0.5-2; in the second stage, the weight ratio of the iron oxide powder and calcium oxide in the dephosphorization agents is 1 to 2-5; and in the third stage, only the fluxing agents are adopted. By means of the method, the smelting production cost of the medium-frequency induction furnace is lowered beneficially, and the internal quality of steel castings is improved; and the medium-frequency induction furnace can further replace an electric-arc furnace to conduct molten steel primary smelting, and the dephosphorization method is simple and practical in steel casting production.

Description

A kind of dephosphorization method of intermediate frequency furnace melting molten steel
Technical field
The present invention relates to liquid steel dephosphorization technical field, and in particular to a kind of dephosphorization method of intermediate frequency furnace melting molten steel. The method is during induction furnace melting molten steel, to make final steel to efficient dephosphorization agent is added in molten steel in batches stage by stage A kind of practical dephosphorizing technology of the phosphorus content less than 0.01wt% in water.
Background technology
Phosphorus is harmful element in steel, and phosphorus content is high to cause material embrittlement, therefore, high-quality casting and steel ingot are all to miscellaneous Prime element phosphorus is distinctly claimed, it is desirable to which phosphorus content is typically in below 0.02wt%.For induction furnace melting, it is typically only possible by Choose the relatively low high-quality steel scrap of phosphorus content and alloy causes the production cost to increase to produce high-quality product, so, product city Field competitiveness reduction.However, induction furnace melting mode is but more more environmentally-friendly than arc melting, can substantially reduce in fusion process has Evil gas, the discharge capacity of dust, further, since steel scrap burn out rate is low in induction furnace melting, and without heated by electrodes, its production Cost is higher than arc melting, there is clear superiority using induction furnace melting.In sum, during induction furnace melting, If can be by phosphorus content control in molten steel in a relatively low level, be able to will partly replace will by the high-quality of arc melting The casting and steel ingot asked, are greatly promoted whole industry energy-saving emission reduction, meanwhile, induction furnace production cost is not only reduced, also show Work improves induction furnace product quality.Therefore, the induction furnace dephosphorization method of practicality in the urgent need to a kind of simple.
In recent years, with constantly upgrading and the improvement of sensing furnace apparatus, people also recognize induction furnace dephosphorization to product quality Lifting and cost efficiency importance, but the fact is, induction furnace is still a kind of simple molten steel instrument, it is impossible to Harmful element phosphorus removing is carried out, therefore, the steel grade for limiting some high-quality requirements is smelted, and also hampers production scale of enterprise Expand, up to the present, the capacity of equipment of induction furnace is not also performed into a real level.This is mainly attributed to sensing Stove dephosphorization still suffers from following problem:1)Dephosphorization effect is not obvious;2)Infusibility after Dephosphorising agent addition, easily causes local molten steel mistake The accidents such as heat, bleed-out;3)In fusion process, due to the addition of Dephosphorising agent, cause furnace charge difficult, smelting time is long;4) Operation is excessively complicated, and the extra charge brought is high;5)Cylinder-packing corrodes serious, reduces access times, increases production cost.
The content of the invention
The difficult point of problem and the dephosphorization operation existed for a series of induction furnace dephosphorizations for exposing in the prior art, this hair Bright purpose is to provide a kind of dephosphorization method of intermediate frequency furnace melting molten steel, and the method is fine according to liquid steel dephosphorization principle Solve induction furnace liquid steel dephosphorization problem on the basis of, develop a kind of stage by stage in batches to adding high efficiency dephosphorating in molten steel The practical dephosphorization method of agent, to 0.01wt% is less than, the production needs of high-quality steel are met by phosphorus content control in melting molten steel.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that:
A kind of dephosphorization method of intermediate frequency furnace melting molten steel, the method is molten to induction furnace using Dephosphorising agent and flux Refining process molten steel carries out dephosphorization, specifically includes following steps:
(1)The selection of Dephosphorising agent
The composition of the Dephosphorising agent includes brown iron oxide, calcium oxide and magnesia, wherein:The weight of magnesia should be less than oxygen Change the 10wt% of iron powder weight;The weight of calcium oxide is 0.5-5 times of brown iron oxide weight;To improve dephosphorization efficiency, the oxidation The source of calcium is the active lime of fine granularity, and the pre- fusant of not handy FeO and CaO replaces the oxidation added in Dephosphorising agent Iron, calcium oxide;The active lime of the fine granularity, its particle size should be less than 10mm, CaO content > 85wt% in lime.
(2)Dephosphorising agent and flux are added during induction furnace melting
Induction furnace melting process is divided into three phases:Steel-smelting water is the first stage before reaching gross weight 1/2, remaining The steel scrap fine melt time period is second stage, and the temperature raising stage after steel scrap fine melt is the phase III;According to the mesh that each stage is realized Difference, choose two kinds of Dephosphorising agent compositions of different ratio, wherein:First stage uses brown iron oxide and oxidation in Dephosphorising agent The part by weight of calcium is 1:(0.5-2);It is 1 that second stage uses the part by weight of brown iron oxide and calcium oxide in Dephosphorising agent: (2-5);Phase III does not use Dephosphorising agent, only uses flux.
During induction furnace melting, the principle for adding Dephosphorising agent is:Addition in batches stage by stage, i.e.,:Before smelting, will The Dephosphorising agent for accounting for required Scrap Smelting total amount 5-15wt% is spread into furnace bottom layer, is spread between Dephosphorising agent its each component of furnace bottom layer Proportioning is identical with Dephosphorising agent used by the first stage;In the first stage, the Dephosphorising agent of required Scrap Smelting total amount 35-45wt% will be accounted for Add in stove, feed postition, to add in batches, is the 6-10wt% of steel scrap total amount per batch addition, is added between each batch Time interval is uniform;In second stage, will account in the Dephosphorising agent addition stove of required Scrap Smelting total amount 45-55wt%, addition side Formula, to add in batches, is the 8-12wt% of steel scrap total amount per batch addition, adds time interval uniform between each batch.
During induction furnace melting, to adding flux in stove;It is de- that the consumption of first stage flux should be less than the stage The 10wt% of phosphorus agent consumption;The consumption of second stage flux should be less than the 10wt% of the stage Dephosphorising agent consumption;Phase III helps 10wt% of the consumption of flux no more than the total consumption of Dephosphorising agent in fusion process(The total consumption of Dephosphorising agent refers to smelt in fusion process The total amount of the preceding Dephosphorising agent for spreading furnace bottom and Dephosphorising agent used by the first two stage).
During induction furnace melting, the control of each stage dephosphorization temperature is as follows:
Because favors low temperature is in liquid steel dephosphorization, in the first two smelt stage, liquid steel temperature is controlled below 1560 DEG C, and Phase III, liquid steel temperature is brought up to 1600-1680 DEG C, during the stage, induction furnace power need to be increased and set using furnace roof Plasma heating device is heated, and the mode of common heating can be such that liquid steel temperature brings up in the range of 1600-1680 rapidly, and wait from The setting of sub- heater is capable of achieving furnace roof slugging, increases molten steel stirring, improves the mobility of dephosphorized slag, it is necessary to eliminate thick slag Shell.
During induction melting, using preceding, its each component need to be through the high-temperature baking higher than 600 DEG C for Dephosphorising agent used;It is used Flux is the low-melting compounds such as calcirm-fluoride or sodium oxide molybdena.
The present invention has following remarkable result:
1st, the present invention is a kind of induction furnace liquid steel dephosphorization method of highly effective, the main high alkalinity oxygen using proper ratio Slugging system and the quantity of slag, slag charge high-temperature baking system, add slag charge mode, rational smelting temperature control system in batches stage by stage And a series of technical measures are heated using plasma heating device, can effectively carry out the de- of phosphorus content in induction furnace molten steel Remove, for lifting steel-casting and the big Inner Quality of Billet of steel provide a kind of simply dephosphorization operating method of practicality.
2nd, induction furnace liquid steel dephosphorization method of the present invention, can exist the control of the phosphorus content in final molten steel Below 0.01wt%, dephosphorization rate up to more than 60%, for development induction furnace high efficiency dephosphorating provides a kind of simple, grasp by the dephosphorization of practicality Make method.
3rd, induction furnace liquid steel dephosphorization method of the present invention, on the one hand, reduce production cost, on the other hand, pass through Intermediate frequency furnace substitution electric arc furnaces slightly makes steel water, can realize industrial energy saving emission reduction, beneficial to environmental protection.
4th, the present invention passes through rationally to add the Dephosphorising agent of different ratio in batches stage by stage, both ensure that dephosphorization effect, and Solve other technical barriers caused by intermediate frequency furnace liquid steel dephosphorization.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail in detail by the following examples.
In following examples, Dephosphorising agent used is made up of brown iron oxide, calcium oxide and magnesia, and the source of calcium oxide is small Granular active lime, its particle size is less than 10mm, CaO content > 85wt% in lime, by actual institute in lime when using Amount containing CaO calculates dephosphorization agent prescription;Using preceding, its each component is by the high-temperature baking higher than 600 DEG C for Dephosphorising agent.
Realize that purpose is different according to each stage, choose two kinds of Dephosphorising agents of different ratio, the first Dephosphorising agent(Dephosphorising agent Ⅰ)In, brown iron oxide:Calcium oxide=1:1, magnesia is the 8wt.% of iron oxide;Second Dephosphorising agent(Dephosphorising agent II)In, oxidation Iron powder:Calcium oxide=1:4, magnesia is the 8wt.% of iron oxide.
Induction furnace melting process is divided into three phases:Steel-smelting water is the first stage before reaching gross weight 1/2, remaining The steel scrap fine melt time period is second stage, and the temperature raising stage after steel scrap fine melt is the phase III.
Add Dephosphorising agent principle be:Before smelting, the Dephosphorising agent that will account for required Scrap Smelting total amount 5-15wt% is spread into stove Bottom;In the first stage, will account in the Dephosphorising agent addition stove of required Scrap Smelting total amount 35-45wt%, feed postition is in batches Add, be the 6-10wt% of steel scrap total amount per batch addition, add time interval uniform between each batch;In second stage, To account in the Dephosphorising agent addition stove of required Scrap Smelting total amount 45-55wt%, feed postition is added to add in batches per batch It is the 8-12wt% of steel scrap total amount to measure, and adds time interval uniform between each batch.
During induction furnace melting, to adding flux in stove;It is de- that the consumption of first stage flux should be less than the stage The 10wt% of phosphorus agent consumption;The consumption of second stage flux should be less than the 10wt% of the stage Dephosphorising agent consumption;Phase III helps 10wt% of the consumption of flux no more than the total consumption of Dephosphorising agent in fusion process.
Embodiment 1
1st, it is 5t to test Medium frequency induction heat size used, and melting is as shown in table 1 with steel scrap original ingredient chemical composition, institute It is 5t to need melting total amount.Furnace bottom spreads one layer of Dephosphorising agent I for accounting for steel scrap total amount 9wt%, after induction furnace bottom is full of molten steel, in Frequency induction furnace melting first stage Dephosphorising agent feed postition adds Dephosphorising agent I, and consumption is steel scrap total amount 36wt%, flux fluorination Calcium addition is the 8wt% of the addition of first stage Dephosphorising agent I;After molten steel half, add according to induction furnace melting second segment Enter mode and add Dephosphorising agent II, consumption is steel scrap total amount 55wt%, and flux calcirm-fluoride addition adds for second stage Dephosphorising agent II Enter the 8wt% of amount;After after steel scrap fine melt, the liquid steel temperature surveyed is 1540 DEG C, then, induction furnace melting power is increased, while stove Top uses heating plasma slag blanket, and liquid steel temperature is brought up into 1670 DEG C, and the consumption of the stage flux calcirm-fluoride is melting The 10wt% of the total consumption of Dephosphorising agent in journey.Now taking molten steel sample carries out composition measurement, and the chemical composition of measure is as shown in table 2.Table 1 Contrast with the phosphorus containing components of table 2 can obtain, and dephosphorization rate is up to 62.5%.
The chemical composition (wt%) of the melting steel scrap of table 1
Table 2 uses the measure (wt%) of the liquid steel dephosphorization method ladle chemistry of induction furnace
Embodiment 2
1st, it is 8t to test Medium frequency induction heat size used, and melting is as shown in table 3 with steel scrap original ingredient chemical composition, institute It is 8t to need melting total amount..Furnace bottom spreads one layer of Dephosphorising agent I for accounting for steel scrap total amount 15wt%, after induction furnace bottom is full of molten steel, according to Induction furnace melting first stage Dephosphorising agent feed postition adds Dephosphorising agent I, and consumption is steel scrap total amount 41wt%, flux sodium oxide molybdena Addition is the 8wt% of the addition of first stage Dephosphorising agent I;After molten steel half, add according to induction furnace melting second stage Enter mode and add Dephosphorising agent II, consumption is steel scrap total amount 44wt%, and flux sodium oxide molybdena addition adds for second stage Dephosphorising agent II Enter the 8wt% of amount;After steel scrap fine melt, the temperature of molten steel being surveyed for 1550 DEG C, then, increasing induction furnace melting power, furnace roof is used Heating plasma slag blanket, liquid steel temperature brings up to 1675 DEG C, and the consumption of the stage flux sodium oxide molybdena is dephosphorization in fusion process The 10wt% of the total consumption of agent.Taking molten steel sample carries out composition measurement, and the chemical composition of measure is as shown in table 4.Table 3 and the phosphorus containing components of table 4 Contrast can obtain, dephosphorization rate is up to 70.4%.
The chemical composition (wt%) of the melting steel scrap of table 3
Table 4 uses the measure (wt%) of the liquid steel dephosphorization method melting ladle chemistry of induction furnace

Claims (6)

1. a kind of dephosphorization method of intermediate frequency furnace melting molten steel, it is characterised in that:The method is using Dephosphorising agent and flux Dephosphorization is carried out to induction furnace melting process molten steel, following steps are specifically included:
(1) selection of Dephosphorising agent
The composition of the Dephosphorising agent includes brown iron oxide, calcium oxide and magnesia, wherein:The weight of magnesia should be less than iron oxide The 10wt% of powder weight;The weight of calcium oxide is 0.5-5 times of brown iron oxide weight;
(2) Dephosphorising agent and flux are added during induction furnace melting
Induction furnace melting process is divided into three phases:Steel-smelting water is first stage, remaining steel scrap before reaching gross weight 1/2 The fine melt time period is second stage, and the temperature raising stage after steel scrap fine melt is the phase III;Wherein:First stage uses Dephosphorising agent Middle brown iron oxide is 1 with the part by weight of calcium oxide:(0.5-2);Second stage uses brown iron oxide and oxidation in Dephosphorising agent The part by weight of calcium is 1:(2-5);Phase III does not use Dephosphorising agent, only uses flux;
During induction furnace melting, the principle for adding Dephosphorising agent is:Addition in batches stage by stage, i.e.,:Before smelting, by accounting for The Dephosphorising agent of Scrap Smelting total amount 5-15wt% is needed to spread into furnace bottom layer;In the first stage, required Scrap Smelting total amount 35- will be accounted for The Dephosphorising agent of 45wt% is added in stove, and feed postition, to add in batches, is the 6-10wt% of steel scrap total amount per batch addition, Add time interval uniform between each batch;In second stage, the Dephosphorising agent of required Scrap Smelting total amount 45-55wt% will be accounted for Add in stove, feed postition, to add in batches, is the 8-12wt% of steel scrap total amount per batch addition, is added between each batch Time interval is uniform;
During induction furnace melting, to adding flux in stove;The consumption of first stage flux is used less than the stage Dephosphorising agent The 10wt% of amount;10wt% of the consumption of second stage flux less than the stage Dephosphorising agent consumption;Phase III flux 10wt% of the consumption no more than the total consumption of Dephosphorising agent in fusion process;
During induction furnace melting, the control of each stage dephosphorization temperature is as follows:
In the first two smelt stage, liquid steel temperature is controlled below 1560 DEG C, and in the phase III, liquid steel temperature is brought up to 1600-1680 DEG C, the temperature adds by increasing induction furnace power and using the common of plasma heating device is set in furnace roof Hot mode is realized.
2. the dephosphorization method of intermediate frequency furnace melting molten steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Spread into stove before smelting Proportioning between the Dephosphorising agent of bottom its each component is identical with Dephosphorising agent used by the first stage.
3. the dephosphorization method of intermediate frequency furnace melting molten steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:To improve dephosphorization effect Rate, the source of the calcium oxide is the active lime of fine granularity, and the pre- fusant of not handy FeO and CaO is instead of in Dephosphorising agent Iron oxide, the calcium oxide for being added.
4. the dephosphorization method of intermediate frequency furnace melting molten steel according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The fine granularity Active lime, its particle size be less than 10mm, CaO content > 85wt% in lime.
5. the dephosphorization method of intermediate frequency furnace melting molten steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The Dephosphorising agent makes With preceding, its each component need to be through the high-temperature baking higher than 600 DEG C.
6. the dephosphorization method of intermediate frequency furnace melting molten steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The flux is Calcirm-fluoride or sodium oxide molybdena.
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CN105543447A (en) * 2015-12-29 2016-05-04 江苏苏南重工机械科技有限公司 In-furnace dephosphorizing method for intermediate frequency furnace
CN115572792B (en) * 2022-10-21 2023-12-19 河南少林特材有限公司 Dephosphorization method and application

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CN1182799A (en) * 1997-10-08 1998-05-27 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 Pre-dephosporizing method for molten iron
CN1873031A (en) * 2006-04-28 2006-12-06 吴秋华 Dephosphorization agent for converter, and preparation method
CN101717842A (en) * 2009-12-29 2010-06-02 江苏大学 Method for dephosphorization and desulphurization in process of steel production in induction furnace
CN101838718A (en) * 2010-04-02 2010-09-22 温州开诚机械有限公司 Medium frequency furnace internal dephosphorization and desulfurization smelting process
CN102776311A (en) * 2012-06-28 2012-11-14 辽宁天和科技股份有限公司 Dephosphorization process for high phosphorous molten iron

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1182799A (en) * 1997-10-08 1998-05-27 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 Pre-dephosporizing method for molten iron
CN1873031A (en) * 2006-04-28 2006-12-06 吴秋华 Dephosphorization agent for converter, and preparation method
CN101717842A (en) * 2009-12-29 2010-06-02 江苏大学 Method for dephosphorization and desulphurization in process of steel production in induction furnace
CN101838718A (en) * 2010-04-02 2010-09-22 温州开诚机械有限公司 Medium frequency furnace internal dephosphorization and desulfurization smelting process
CN102776311A (en) * 2012-06-28 2012-11-14 辽宁天和科技股份有限公司 Dephosphorization process for high phosphorous molten iron

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