CN105083268A - Control method of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle system - Google Patents

Control method of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105083268A
CN105083268A CN201510586583.5A CN201510586583A CN105083268A CN 105083268 A CN105083268 A CN 105083268A CN 201510586583 A CN201510586583 A CN 201510586583A CN 105083268 A CN105083268 A CN 105083268A
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Prior art keywords
fuel cell
power
storage battery
inverter
control
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CN201510586583.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105083268B (en
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唐棣
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Inner Mongolia Yipai Hydrogen Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/28Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of fuel cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/28Fuel cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/24Energy storage means
    • B60W2710/242Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/28Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a control method of a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle system and belongs to the field of B60W or B60K classification. The fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle system comprises a fuel cell pack, a single-stage boost inverter, a storage battery pack and an electric motor. According to the control method, an upper computer communication module gives out a power instruction according to the different operating situations of a hybrid electric vehicle, and a system control module calculates the power required by fuel cells according to the matching degrees of the fuel cells, storage batteries and alternating current side output power at the previous moment, sends a fuel cell power control signal and direct-connection duty ratio to a fuel cell control module and a motor driving module respectively and controls required input-output powers respectively. A storage battery charge capacity detecting module detects the charge capacity and other information of the storage batteries, and the system control module decides to charge the storage batteries or not through calculation and controls charge and discharge of the storage batteries according to the fuel cell power control signals and the direct-connection duty ratios. By means of the control method of the whole system, the system cost is reduced, and the system reliability is improved.

Description

A kind of control method of fuel cell hybrid car system
Technical field
The invention belongs to new forms of energy Development of HEV Technology field, relate to a kind of control method of fuel cell hybrid car, International Classification table belongs to the classification field of B60W or B60K.
Background technology
Fuel cell is used for vehicular drive, for energy problem and problem of environmental pollution provide an actv. solution.Pure fuel cell battery automobile only has fuel cell propulsion source, and all power terminations of automobile are all provided by fuel cell, and its shortcoming is that (1) power is large, and cost is high; (2) very high requirement is proposed to the dynamic of fuel cell system and reliability; (3) Brake energy recovery can not be carried out.The characteristic of fuel cell determines it and preferably operates in constant power district to extend its service life and to raise the efficiency, but, the power of driving motor is change, therefore in order to balance this two parts power and absorb feedback braking energy, therefore fuel cell powered vehicle employing at present is combination drive form, namely on the basis of fuel cell, increase a Battery pack or super capacitor as another propulsion source, comprise the combination of " fuel cell+battery " (FC+B), " fuel cell+super capacitor " (FC+C) and " FC+B+C ".As shown in Figure 1, the combination of FC+B reduces the requirement of power to fuel cell and dynamic property to FC+B system construction drawing, reduces cost simultaneously, but adds the weight of drive system, volume and complexity.The basic composition of fuel cell hybrid car comprises fuel cell pack, battery pack, power inverter and traction motor.Fuel cell is as main power, and storage battery is as auxiliary power source, and the power that vehicle needs provides primarily of fuel cell, and storage battery just provides power when starting, climbing or accelerating, and reclaims braking energy during braking.
There are four kinds of operational modes in FC+B system, respectively as shown in Fig. 2 (a), (b), (c), (d).Pattern a: when normally travelling, poower flow flows to electrical motor from fuel cell, if storage battery carrying capacity is lower, fuel cell also provides power to storage battery; Pattern b: start, climbing or accelerate time, power flows to electrical motor from fuel cell and storage battery, and storage battery can improve response time, improves dynamic property, ensures that operation of fuel cells is in state safely and efficiently simultaneously; Pattern c: during low speed driving, if now by fuel cell to motor, efficiency is very low, therefore by storage battery to motor, if storage battery carrying capacity is lower, fuel cell provides power to storage battery; Pattern d: descending or braking mode, motor electromotive power output accumulators, fuel cell only when storage battery carrying capacity is lower, provides power to storage battery.
There is following shortcoming in conventional voltage source inverter: belongs to voltage-dropping type translation circuit, lower for vdc, needs the DC/AC power conversion occasion of higher ac output voltage, need the DC/DC boost inverter that extra; The upper and lower device of each brachium pontis can not conducting simultaneously, and the straight-through problem that the false triggering caused by electromagnetic interference causes is the primary killers of transducer reliability.Because fuel cell output voltage is lower than electric powered motor bus voltage, and Property comparison is soft, and namely along with the increase of outgoing current, voltage drop amplitude is comparatively large, and power is also larger with the change of outgoing current simultaneously.If therefore directly adopt traditional voltage source inverter, vdc is generally determined by fuel cell output voltage, so the range of speed that the permanent torque of driving motor exports is decided by cell pressure, further raising speed, then enter invariable power scope, the acceleration capacity of vehicle will decline; On the other hand, fuel cell output voltage increases with electric current and reduces, and the high speed handling of electrical motor will reduce further.Therefore, usually increase first class boost formula changer in prime, boosting is carried out to vdc and regulates, the handling of lifting vehicle effectively; Use one-level bidirectional DC-DC converter to control the carrying capacity of storage battery, as shown in Figure 3 simultaneously.These class methods add cost and the control complexity of system, reduce conversion efficiency, and do not solve Problems existing in above-mentioned conventional voltage source inventer.
Summary of the invention
The defect that the present invention seeks to exist for prior art provides a kind of can reduce system cost and simplied system structure, raising system reliability and service life, control system based on the fuel cell hybrid car of only level boosting inverter, proposes a kind of control method controlling this system simultaneously.
The present invention for achieving the above object, adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of control method of fuel cell hybrid car control system, the operation conditions different according to hybrid vehicle, power instruction is provided by Upper machine communication module, the matching degree in a moment on system control module fuel cell, storage battery and AC horsepower output, calculate the power that fuel cell needs to provide, send fuel battery power control signal and straight-through dutycycle respectively to Fuel Cell Control module and motor drive module, control the input-output power needed respectively; Storage battery carrying capacity detection module detects the information such as the carrying capacity of storage battery, calculates to determine whether charge a battery by system control module, by sending fuel battery power control signal and straight-through dutycycle, controls the discharge and recharge of storage battery.
Preferably, when normally travelling, poower flow flows to electrical motor from fuel cell; When starting, climb or accelerate, power flows to electrical motor from fuel cell and storage battery; During low speed driving, storage battery is to motor; Descending or braking mode, motor electromotive power output accumulators; In operational process, once the carrying capacity of storage battery is too low, fuel cell unit is just to battery charge.
Preferably, only grade of boosting inverter topology portion step-up method is as follows: the shoot-through zero vector state utilizing inverter, the switching valve up and down of inverter bridge is led directly to, the magnetizing inductance energy storage of coupling inductance, when non-straight-through zero vector state, in the winding of coupling inductance former limit, energy-sensitive is to vice-side winding, source-series with input direct voltage, DC bus powered to inverter bridge, thus obtain the inverter voltage promoted.
Beneficial effect: the invention has the advantages that: (1) traditional electrical potential source type inverter only has a control variable, by controlling modulation ratio (m) regulation output alternating-current voltage/AC voltage; Only grade of boosting inverter has two control variable, by regulating straight-through dutycycle (D0) and modulation ratio (m), can control the horsepower output outputting to the alternating-current voltage/AC voltage of motor, the carrying capacity regulating storage battery and control fuel cell.It should be noted that, " shoot-through zero vector " state refers to that the upper and lower switching valve of three phase inverter bridge leads directly to, owing to injecting in traditional zero vector, and shoot-through zero vector and traditional zero vector are to the action effect equivalence of load, therefore on inverter ac output voltage without any impact, regulate shoot-through zero vector in-service time, the controlled lifting of inverter input side DC bus-bar voltage (Vb) can be realized, thus inversion exports the alternating-current voltage/AC voltage expected.(2) by regulating the dutycycle (D0) of the coupling inductance turn ratio (N=N2/N1) and shoot-through zero vector, this only level boosting inverter can provide larger boost capability, improve and stablize bus voltage, thus obtain the inverter voltage promoted, relative to the scheme of traditional increase DC-DC converter, simplify system architecture, reduce system cost.(3) this only level boosting inverter uses " shoot-through zero vector " state, avoids the problem that the false triggering caused due to electromagnetic interference causes device failure, improves system reliability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 demonstrates " fuel cell+storage battery " system construction drawing;
The operational mode of system that Fig. 2 demonstrates " fuel cell+storage battery ";
Fig. 3 demonstrates the system construction drawing of band reversible transducer;
Fig. 4 demonstrates the system construction drawing that the present invention adopts only level boosting inverter;
Fig. 5 demonstrates the Control system architecture figure that the present invention adopts only level boosting inverter.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 4, the present invention is used for only grade of boosting inverter control system of fuel cell hybrid car, and system comprises fuel cell unit, solely level boosting inverter, battery pack and electrical motor.Fuel cell unit is as the input power (Vin) of only level boosting inverter, only grade of boosting inverter is connected with battery pack (Bat), finally be connected on electrical motor, wherein in only level boosting inverter, comprise a former vice-side winding N1, N2 tight coupling and the coupling inductance of N1 < N2, its equivalent model is the parallel connection of ideal transformer and magnetizing inductance Lm, connect with leakage inductance Lk again, the other end of leakage inductance Lk is connected with the negative electrode of blocking diode D1, connect the negative electrode of the second diode D2 simultaneously, the anode of the 3rd diode D3 and one end of the first electric capacity C1, the other end of magnetizing inductance Lm is connected with the anode of the 4th diode D4, the anode of blocking diode D1 is connected with power supply Vin positive pole, the negative electrode of the 3rd diode D3 is connected to one end of coupling inductance vice-side winding N2, the other end of vice-side winding N2 is connected with the negative electrode of the 4th diode D4, and be connected with the DC bus anode of inverter bridge B, second electric capacity C2 is in parallel with battery pack Bat, its one end is connected with DC bus anode, the other end is connected with power supply Vin negative pole, connect the anode of the second diode D2 simultaneously, the other end of the first electric capacity C1 is connected with the DC bus negative terminal of inverter bridge B, be connected with one end of inductance L simultaneously, the other end of inductance L is connected with power supply Vin negative pole, inverter bridge exports and connects three-phase motor.
In the present invention, only level boosting inverter is by former vice-side winding N1, N2 tight coupling and the coupling inductance of N1 < N2, diode D3 and D4, electric capacity C1 close C2, inductance L, inverter bridge B form, wherein coupling inductance equivalent model is the parallel connection of ideal transformer and magnetizing inductance Lm, then connects with leakage inductance Lk.This circuit make use of the pass-through state of the upper and lower switching valve of three phase inverter bridge to inverter DC bus-bar voltage boosting rectifier control mode, regulates its in-service time, achieves the controlled lifting of inverter input side DC bus-bar voltage.When shoot-through zero vector state, inverter bridge leads directly to, and direct voltage source Vin charges to the magnetizing inductance Lm of coupling inductance; When non-straight-through zero vector state, in the winding N1 of coupling inductance former limit, energy-sensitive is to vice-side winding N2, connects with input dc power potential source Vin, DC bus powered to inverter bridge B, inverter DC bus-bar voltage is got a promotion, thus obtains the inverter voltage promoted; When brachium pontis is opened a way, provide C/LOOP by electric capacity C1 and C2, inductance L, avoid due to voltage spikes appears in DC bus.
The present invention propose in the control system of the fuel cell hybrid car based on only level boosting inverter, there are three poower flow: fuel cell unit-> electrical motor, fuel cell unit-> storage battery, storage battery-> electrical motor, once the carrying capacity of storage battery is too low, fuel cell unit is just to battery charge.As long as these three poower flow control wherein two, the 3rd just automatically regulates and realizes system balancing.
The fuel cell hybrid car system based on only level boosting inverter that the present invention proposes is applicable to four kinds of operational modes of Fig. 2, pattern a: when normally travelling, poower flow flows to electrical motor from fuel cell, if storage battery carrying capacity is lower, fuel cell also provides power to storage battery; Pattern b: when starting, climb or accelerate, power flows to electrical motor from fuel cell and storage battery; Pattern c: during low speed driving, storage battery is to motor, if storage battery carrying capacity is lower, fuel cell provides power to storage battery; Pattern d: descending or braking mode, motor electromotive power output accumulators, fuel cell only when storage battery carrying capacity is lower, provides power to storage battery.By regulating straight-through dutycycle (D0) and these two control variable of modulation ratio (m), the horsepower output outputting to the alternating-current voltage/AC voltage of motor, the carrying capacity regulating storage battery and control fuel cell can be controlled.
For (a), (b), (c), (d) four kinds of patterns, in pattern a and pattern b, the operation scheme of only level boosting inverter is similar: fuel cell output power controls by leading directly to dutycycle D0, output AC power is determined by output voltage electric current, difference is in pattern b, output AC power is greater than the fuel cell output power of input, and battery pack is in discharge regime; And in pattern a, according to the carrying capacity of storage battery, discharge and recharge is carried out to storage battery, now fuel cell output power is higher or lower than output AC power.In pattern c, fuel cell unit, by the second diode D2 bypass, controls output AC power by regulating modulation ratio (m).In pattern d, output AC power feeds back to battery charge.In above pattern, if the carrying capacity of storage battery is too low, horsepower output charges a battery by fuel cell unit.
The fuel cell hybrid car control system based on only level boosting inverter that the present invention proposes, as shown in Figure 5, the operation conditions different according to hybrid vehicle, power instruction is provided by Upper machine communication module, the matching degree in a moment on system control module fuel cell, storage battery and AC horsepower output, calculate the power that fuel cell needs to provide, send fuel battery power control signal and straight-through dutycycle D0 respectively to Fuel Cell Control module and motor drive module, control the input-output power needed respectively; Storage battery carrying capacity detection module detects the information such as the carrying capacity of storage battery, calculates to determine whether charge a battery by system control module, by sending fuel battery power control signal and straight-through dutycycle D0, controls the discharge and recharge of storage battery.
Although give detailed description and explanation to the specific embodiment of the present invention above; but what should indicate is; we can carry out various equivalence according to conception of the present invention to above-mentioned embodiment and change and amendment; its function produced do not exceed that specification sheets and accompanying drawing contain yet spiritual time, all should within protection scope of the present invention.The above; be only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, every above embodiment is done according to technical spirit of the present invention any trickle amendment, equivalently replace and improve, within the protection domain that all should be included in technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the control method of a fuel cell hybrid car control system, it is characterized in that, the operation conditions different according to hybrid vehicle, power instruction is provided by Upper machine communication module, the matching degree in a moment on system control module fuel cell, storage battery and AC horsepower output, calculate the power that fuel cell needs to provide, send fuel battery power control signal and straight-through dutycycle (D0) respectively to Fuel Cell Control module and motor drive module, control the input-output power needed respectively; Storage battery carrying capacity detection module detects the information such as the carrying capacity of storage battery, calculates to determine whether charge a battery by system control module, by sending fuel battery power control signal and straight-through dutycycle (D0), controls the discharge and recharge of storage battery.
2. the control method of fuel cell hybrid car system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: when normally travelling, poower flow flows to electrical motor from fuel cell; When starting, climb or accelerate, power flows to electrical motor from fuel cell and storage battery; During low speed driving, storage battery is to motor; Descending or braking mode, motor electromotive power output accumulators; In operational process, once the carrying capacity of storage battery is too low, fuel cell unit is just to battery charge.
3. the control method of fuel cell hybrid car system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that only level boosting inverter topology portion step-up method is as follows: the shoot-through zero vector state utilizing inverter, the switching valve up and down of inverter bridge (B) is led directly to, magnetizing inductance (Lm) energy storage of coupling inductance, when non-straight-through zero vector state, in coupling inductance former limit winding (N1), energy-sensitive is to vice-side winding (N2), connect with input dc power potential source (Vin), DC bus powered to inverter bridge (B), thus obtain the inverter voltage promoted.
CN201510586583.5A 2015-09-16 2015-09-16 A kind of control method of fuel cell hybrid car control system Active CN105083268B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108515961A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-09-11 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 The DCDC control methods and system of 48V hybrid power systems
CN108944900A (en) * 2018-08-28 2018-12-07 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Fuel cell car energy management control method
WO2021204262A1 (en) * 2020-04-10 2021-10-14 长城汽车股份有限公司 Pure electric available power determination method and system, and vehicle

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CN102104341A (en) * 2011-02-28 2011-06-22 南京航空航天大学 Single-stage boost inverter
CN103552477A (en) * 2013-10-10 2014-02-05 安徽工程大学 Electromobile double-motor driving system
CN103786593A (en) * 2014-01-15 2014-05-14 安徽工程大学 Electrical-electrical hybrid vehicle drive system and control method thereof

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CN1475378A (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-18 上海燃料电池汽车动力系统有限公司 Power system of electric-electric mixed fuel battery automobile
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108515961A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-09-11 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 The DCDC control methods and system of 48V hybrid power systems
CN108515961B (en) * 2018-03-29 2020-04-21 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 DCDC control method and system for 48V hybrid power system
CN108944900A (en) * 2018-08-28 2018-12-07 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Fuel cell car energy management control method
CN108944900B (en) * 2018-08-28 2020-10-09 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Fuel cell automobile energy management control method
WO2021204262A1 (en) * 2020-04-10 2021-10-14 长城汽车股份有限公司 Pure electric available power determination method and system, and vehicle

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