CN105072373B - Video super-resolution method and system based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network - Google Patents

Video super-resolution method and system based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network Download PDF

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CN105072373B
CN105072373B CN201510540560.0A CN201510540560A CN105072373B CN 105072373 B CN105072373 B CN 105072373B CN 201510540560 A CN201510540560 A CN 201510540560A CN 105072373 B CN105072373 B CN 105072373B
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王亮
王威
黄岩
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Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Science
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of video super-resolution method based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network, including:Establish bidirectional circulating network, including forward direction circulation sub-network sequentially in time and backward circulation sub-network, sub-network is bottom-up includes a list entries layer for each circulation, two implicit sequence layers and an output sequence layer, each sequence layer includes multiple states, corresponding to frame of video at different moments;These states, including feedforward convolution, cyclic convolution and condition convolution are connected with three kinds of convolution operations, to obtain bidirectional circulating convolutional network;Training video is sent in the bidirectional circulating convolutional network established, using stochastic gradient descent algorithm come the mean square error between high-resolution video that minimize prediction and real, so as to iteratively optimize the weight of the network, and obtain final bidirectional circulating convolutional network;The low-resolution video sequence pending to the final bidirectional circulating convolutional network mode input, obtain corresponding super-resolution result.

Description

Video super-resolution method and system based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network the present invention relates to computer vision and machine learning field Video super-resolution method and system.
Background technology
With emerging in large numbers for a large amount of high definition playback equipments in recent years, how by height that low resolution Video Quality Metric is broadcasting preferably Resolution video, i.e. super-resolution technique, it is increasingly becoming the hot research problem of computer vision field.
The work of super-resolution at present can probably be divided into two classes:1) single image super-resolution, its assume all frame of video it Between be it is separate, then individually to each frame of video carry out super-resolution.This method ignores in video sequence one Time dependence between important feature, i.e. frame of video.2) multiframe super-resolution, this method is during super-resolution The time dependence of video is considered, such as the movable information in video is estimated using optic flow technique.
But in actual applications, this modeling to time dependence usually requires very high calculation cost, very big The application of multiframe super-resolution technique is limited in degree.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of video super-resolution method and system based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network.In order to effective Time dependence characteristic in video is learnt, the present invention two-way circulation is introduced on the basis of conventional recycle neutral net With condition convolution operation.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a kind of video super-resolution based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network Method, this method comprise the following steps:
Step 1, establish bidirectional circulating network, including forward direction circulation sub-network sequentially in time and one it is backward Sub-network is circulated, it is bottom-up to include a list entries layer, two implicit sequence layers and one in each circulation sub-network Individual output sequence layer, each of which sequence layer includes multiple states, corresponding to frame of video at different moments;
Step 2, with three kinds of convolution operations connect these states, three kinds of convolution operations include feedforward convolution, circulation Convolution and condition convolution, to obtain bidirectional circulating convolutional network;
Step 3, send training video in the bidirectional circulating convolutional network established, using stochastic gradient descent algorithm come The object function of bidirectional circulating convolutional network is minimized, so as to iteratively optimizing the weight of the network, and is obtained final two-way Cyclic convolution network;And
Step 4, to the pending low-resolution video sequence of the final bidirectional circulating convolutional network mode input, obtain To corresponding super-resolution result.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the invention also provides a kind of video oversubscription based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network Resolution system, the system include:
Network establishes module, for establishing bidirectional circulating network, including forward direction circulation subnet sequentially in time Network and a backward circulation sub-network, in each circulation sub-network, bottom-up to include a list entries layer, two hidden Containing sequence layer and an output sequence layer, each of which sequence layer includes multiple states, corresponding to frame of video at different moments;
Link block, for connecting these states with three kinds of convolution operations, three kinds of convolution operations include feedforward and rolled up Product, cyclic convolution and condition convolution, to obtain bidirectional circulating convolutional network;
Optimization module, for sending training video in the bidirectional circulating convolutional network established, using under stochastic gradient Algorithm is dropped to minimize the object function of bidirectional circulating convolutional network, so as to iteratively optimize the weight of the network, and is obtained most Whole bidirectional circulating convolutional network;And
Video processing module, for the pending low resolution of the final bidirectional circulating convolutional network mode input Video sequence, obtain corresponding super-resolution result.
The present invention is made by introducing two-way circulation and condition convolution operation on the basis of conventional recycle neutral net Model is more suitable for handling the video super-resolution problem containing sequential dependence relation.The model of the present invention can be largely Lift video super-resolution effect, while two orders of magnitude faster than other multiframe super-resolution methods in speed.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the video super-resolution flow chart of the invention based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network.
Fig. 2 is that one embodiment of the invention solves the problems, such as the illustraton of model of video super-resolution.
Fig. 3 is the partial, detailed view in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the video super-resolution system of the invention based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network.
Fig. 5 is the comparison figure of video super-resolution effect is best now certain methods and experimental result of the present invention.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is the visualization knot of video super-resolution effect is best now certain methods and experimental result of the present invention Fruit.
Fig. 8 is PSNR and the testing time of the certain methods that video super-resolution effect is best now and experimental result of the present invention Comparison figure.
Embodiment
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of video super-resolution method based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network, energy Enough it is widely used in the video super-resolution problem comprising compound movement situation.
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the video super-resolution method proposed by the present invention based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network. Fig. 2 shows the bidirectional circulating convolutional network structure used in one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in figure 1, the video super-resolution method based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network comprises the following steps:
Step 1, bidirectional circulating network is established, as shown in Fig. 2 circulating sub-network including a forward direction sequentially in time With a backward circulation sub-network.It is bottom-up to include a list entries layer in each oriented cycles sub-network, two Implicit sequence layer and an output sequence layer, each of which sequence layer include multiple states, the video carved corresponding to different time Frame;
Wherein, the list entries layer of the bidirectional circulating network is the sequence of frames of video of original low-resolution.In the present invention In one embodiment, it is desirable to which all frame of video keep identical sizes, such as same length and width, but not fixed video frame Quantity, it can be any amount;Output sequence layer is used to represent the high-resolution video frame sequence after super-resolution, defeated here It is one-to-one with list entries to go out sequence;Implicit sequence layer then represents that some intermediate data represent that is, frame of video is from low point Resolution is to high-resolution intermediate state.Each sequence layer state needs to set corresponding port number, such as RGB lattice The port number of the video of formula, input layer and output layer state is arranged to 3.The port number of implicit layer state can be adjusted as needed Save to cause the effect of the model optimal.For example, hidden layer stator channel number can be adjusted as follows:In the enough feelings of data volume Under condition, port number more at most final result is better.But port number excessively can greatly increase computation complexity.Pass through experiment It was found that when the port number of the first implicit layer state and the second implicit layer state is respectively 64 and 32, preferable reality can be obtained Test result and relatively low computation complexity.
Forward direction circulates sub-network and backward circulation sub-network shares list entries layer and output sequence layer, i.e. two sub-networks Identical low resolution input video frame is received, then associated prediction high resolution output frame of video.But each implicit sequence layer It is not shared, and for some implies sequence layer, the state at current time is only by previous in forward direction circulation sub-network The state at moment is influenceed, and the state for circulating current time in sub-network backward is only influenceed by the state of later moment in time, with this Analogize on time shaft.
Step 2, include feedforward convolution, cyclic convolution and condition convolution operation with three kinds of convolution, to connect each sequence layer State, wherein the connection of each convolution needs to set the quantity and yardstick of corresponding wave filter;
The yardstick of the wave filter can be adjusted such that the effect of the model is optimal, and wherein regulative mode is as follows:It is first The yardstick of first selection of small is tested, and then obtains corresponding experimental result by being continuously increased yardstick, and is chosen preferably real Test the yardstick the most final of filter scales corresponding to result.The quantity of wave filter is equal to the passage of two states of its connection Product.The wave filter has weight, for obtaining other state values according to current state value.The weight of the wave filter is network In parameter set in advance, similar to traditional neural network model, network can obtain institute according to object function autonomous learning State weight.
Fig. 3 shows the preceding list entries layer to circulation sub-network and the first implicit sequence layer in moment t-1 and t state Specific convolution situation.As shown in Fig. 2 bidirectional circulating convolutional network include one four layers before to circulation sub-network and one four layers Backward circulation sub-network, all nodes per a line represent a sequence layer, and each node represents a moment in this layer State.Bottom and top represent the list entries layers of two circulation sub-networks, input be all be low-resolution videoIts Include T frame of videoI=1,2 ..., T are wherein the length or width of frame of video, and C is each frame of video Number of active lanes.Intermediate layer is network output layer, and output is the high-resolution video predictedIt includes T frame of videoFirst implicit sequence layer of forward direction circulation sub-networkIt includes T characteristic patternFirst implicit sequence layer of backward circulation sub-networkIt includes T characteristic patternSecond implicit sequence layer of forward direction circulation sub-networkIt includes T characteristic patternSecond implicit sequence layer of backward circulation sub-networkIt includes T characteristic pattern
As shown in figure 3, the state in all sequences layer is all attached by three kinds of convolution operations:1) feedover convolution pair Visual relevance between low resolution input video frame and its corresponding high-resolution video frame is modeled;2) cyclic convolution Two neighboring state in same sequence layer is connected to, to learn the time dependence in video;3) condition convolution is connected to previous State and the latter moment in the list entries layer at individual moment imply the state in sequence layer, in order to which enhancing is visually Time dependence.Thus, the state computation that implying the state in sequence layer and output sequence layer can be closed on by them obtains:
Wherein, * represents convolution operation, and λ (x)=max (0, x) represents a nonlinear transformation,With (orWith) the preceding wave filter that the convolution that feedovered in sub-network is circulated to (or reverse) is represented, size is respectivelyWithWherein1 HeBefore representing corresponding Present the yardstick of convolution filter.With(orWith) represent that preceding circulated into (or reverse) circulation sub-network is rolled up Long-pending wave filter, size are respectively n1×1×1×n1And n2×1×1×n2, wherein the yardstick for having cyclic convolution wave filter is all 1。With(orWith) represent before to (or reversely) circulation sub-network conditional convolution Wave filter, size are respectivelyn1×1×1×n2WithWherein1 WithRepresent the yardstick of corresponding condition convolution filter. With(orWith) represent before to (or Reversely) circulate offset parameter in sub-network.
Step 3, send training video in the bidirectional circulating convolutional network established, using stochastic gradient descent algorithm come Minimize object function (such as the mean square error between real high-resolution video of prediction of bidirectional circulating convolutional network Difference), so as to iteratively optimize the weight of the network, and obtain final bidirectional circulating convolutional network.
Specifically, for example, network inputs are low resolution video framesI=1,2 ..., T, net Network output is the high-resolution video frame predictedTheir mean square error is:
For learning network parameter, the mean square error is minimized using stochastic gradient descent algorithm.Object function J on All parametersGradientIt can be precisely calculated out by neutral net back-propagation algorithm.Obtain gradient it Afterwards, parameter is adjusted in an iterative manner:
Wherein, ∈ represents a constant learning rate.
In fact, other more complicated optimized algorithms such as L-BFGS can also be used, but stochastic gradient algorithm's ratio It is relatively simple, and preferable result can be obtained.
Step 4, to the pending low-resolution video sequence of the bidirectional circulating convolutional network mode input trained, The value of output sequence layer corresponding to obtaining is the result after super-resolution.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the invention also provides a kind of video oversubscription based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network Resolution system, the system include:Network establishes module 401, link block 402, optimization module 403 and video processing module 404。
Network establishes module 401 and is used to establish bidirectional circulating network, including forward direction circulation sequentially in time The backward circulation sub-network of network and one, it is bottom-up to include a list entries layer in each circulation sub-network, two Implicit sequence layer and an output sequence layer, each of which sequence layer includes multiple states, corresponding to frame of video at different moments.
Link block 402 connects these states with three kinds of convolution operations, and three kinds of convolution operations include feedforward convolution, Cyclic convolution and condition convolution, to obtain bidirectional circulating convolutional network.
Optimization module 403 is used to optimize the bidirectional circulating convolutional network.Send training video to the bidirectional circulating established In convolutional network, the object function of bidirectional circulating convolutional network is minimized using stochastic gradient descent algorithm, so as to iteratively Optimize the weight of the network, and obtain final bidirectional circulating convolutional network.
The final bidirectional circulating convolutional network that video processing module 404 is used to export using optimization module 403 is come to low Resolution video carries out super-resolution.At the video processing module 404, to the final bidirectional circulating convolutional network model Pending low-resolution video sequence is inputted, obtains corresponding super-resolution result.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the forward direction circulation sub-network and the backward circulation sub-network include one respectively List entries layer, two implicit sequence layers and an output sequence layer.With volume between the state of the bidirectional circulating convolutional network Long-pending mode is attached, wherein:The state of the flanking sequence layer belonged under synchronization is attached with feedforward convolution;Belong to Two states of the same implicit sequence layer of adjacent moment are attached with cyclic convolution;Sub-network is circulated for forward direction, currently The state of moment list entries layer, the first implicit sequence layer and the second implicit sequence layer implies sequence with the first of previous moment respectively Row layer, the state of the second implicit sequence layer and output sequence layer are attached with condition convolution;And for backward circulation subnet Network, the state of current time list entries layer, the first implicit sequence layer and the second implicit sequence layer respectively with later moment in time the One implicit sequence layer, the state of the second implicit sequence layer and output sequence layer are attached with condition convolution.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the input layer of the bidirectional circulating convolutional network is low resolution video frame sequence, Output layer is the high-resolution video frame sequence of prediction, and the bidirectional circulating convolutional network has network weight, with according to current Layer state obtains other layer states.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the object function of the bidirectional circulating convolutional network is prediction and real high score Mean square error between resolution video.
According to an embodiment of the invention, each convolution connects through wave filter realization.The yardstick of wave filter be conditioned so that Obtain that the effect of the model is optimal, and wherein regulative mode is as follows:The yardstick of selection of small first is tested, then by constantly increasing Yardstick is added to obtain corresponding experimental result, and filter scales yardstick the most final corresponding to experimental result needed for selection.Filter The quantity of ripple device is equal to the product of the passage of two states of its connection.The wave filter has weight, bidirectional circulating convolutional network Learnt to obtain the weight according to object function.
In order to describe the embodiment of the present invention in detail, super-resolution is carried out to multiple videos here.Training set bag The video of 25 YUY being widely used in the method for other video super-resolutions forms is included, and test set includes 5 videos point It is not:Dancing, Flag, Fan, Treadmill and Turbine.All include complicated motor pattern, motion in these videos Shake and motion blur.
It is that model is trained in a manner of video cube body to increase training data.Specifically, from 25 instructions Practice and general 41000 video cube bodies are extracted in video, the dimension of each cube spatially is 32 × 32, temporal Dimension is 10.It should be noted that it is not required to be tested in a manner of video cube body, because volume used in the present invention Product operation goes for the test video of arbitrary size.
Comprise the following steps that:
Step S1, for 25 training videos, after 0 average and the processing of 1 variance is carried out, with spatial mesh size 14 and time step 8 are grown to extract the video cube body of 32 × 32 × 10 sizes, sum about 41000.
Step S2, using one four layers of bidirectional circulating convolutional network, its list entries layer, two implicit sequence layers and defeated Go out sequence layer and include 3,64,32 and 3 passages, i.e. c=3, n respectively1=64, n2=32.The convolution filter yardstick that feedovers is as follows:
Step S3, optimizing the object function J of network using gradient descent algorithm, optimization is to carry out in an iterative manner, this In set the maximum iteration to be that 300 can ensure to restrain.
Step S6, the low-resolution video of test is input in the model trained, and super-resolution is exported in output layer Result after rate, the result of output is a video sequence.
As shown in Figure 5 (wherein BRCN represents the present invention), Measure Indexes are signal-to-noise ratio to quantitative experimental result (signal-to-noise ratio, PSNR) and testing time (Time).Video super-resolution effect now is compared in the table Best certain methods.By comparing, it can be found that the method for the present invention achieves best experimental result, and in test Between on close to currently most fast single image super-resolution method ANR.Qualitatively visualized in addition, giving some here As a result, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.As can be seen that the present invention can recover more image details relative to other method.In addition, Here the comparison of PSNR and testing time are given, as shown in Figure 8, it can be seen that the present invention is significantly excellent in speed and performance In other multiframe super-resolution methods such as 3DSKR, and better than current best single-image super-resolution method in performance ANR。
Particular embodiments described above, the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are carried out further in detail Describe in detail it is bright, should be understood that the foregoing is only the present invention specific embodiment, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc., it should be included in the guarantor of the present invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (14)

1. a kind of video super-resolution method based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network, it is characterised in that this method includes following step Suddenly:
Step 1, establish bidirectional circulating network, including forward direction circulation sub-network sequentially in time and a backward circulation Sub-network, it is bottom-up to include a list entries layer in each circulation sub-network, two implicit sequence layers and one it is defeated Go out sequence layer, each of which sequence layer includes multiple states, corresponding to frame of video at different moments;
Step 2, with three kinds of convolution operations connect these states, three kinds of convolution operations include feedforward convolution, cyclic convolution With condition convolution, to obtain bidirectional circulating convolutional network;
Step 3, send training video in the bidirectional circulating convolutional network established, using stochastic gradient descent algorithm come minimum Change the object function of bidirectional circulating convolutional network, so as to iteratively optimize the weight of the network, and obtain final bidirectional circulating Convolutional network model;And
Step 4, to the pending low-resolution video sequence of the final bidirectional circulating convolutional network mode input, obtain pair The super-resolution result answered.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the bidirectional circulating convolutional network includes a forward direction and circulated Convolution sub-network and a backward cyclic convolution sub-network.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the forward direction circulation sub-network and the backward circulation subnet Network includes a list entries layer, two implicit sequence layers and an output sequence layer respectively.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that with convolution between the state of the bidirectional circulating convolutional network Mode be attached, wherein:
The state of the flanking sequence layer belonged under synchronization is attached with feedforward convolution;
Two states for belonging to the same implicit sequence layer of adjacent moment are attached with cyclic convolution;
Sub-network, the shape of current time list entries layer, the first implicit sequence layer and the second implicit sequence layer are circulated for forward direction State implies sequence layer with the first of previous moment respectively, the state condition convolution of the second implicit sequence layer and output sequence layer is entered Row connection;And
For backward circulation sub-network, the shape of current time list entries layer, the first implicit sequence layer and the second implicit sequence layer State implies sequence layer with the first of later moment in time respectively, the state condition convolution of the second implicit sequence layer and output sequence layer is entered Row connection.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the input layer of the bidirectional circulating convolutional network is low resolution Rate sequence of frames of video, output layer are the high-resolution video frame sequence of prediction, and the bidirectional circulating convolutional network has network weight Weight, to obtain other layer states according to current layer state.
6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the object function of the bidirectional circulating convolutional network is prediction The mean square error between real high-resolution video.
7. the method according to claim 11, wherein:
Each convolution connects through wave filter realization;
The yardstick of wave filter is adjusted so that the effect of the model is optimal, and wherein regulative mode is as follows:Selection of small first Yardstick is tested, and then obtains corresponding experimental result by being continuously increased yardstick, and corresponding to experimental result needed for selection Filter scales yardstick the most final;
The quantity of wave filter is equal to the product of the passage of two states of its connection;And
The wave filter has weight, and bidirectional circulating convolutional network learns to obtain the weight according to object function.
8. a kind of video super-resolution system based on bidirectional circulating convolutional network, it is characterised in that the system includes following mould Block:
Network establishes module, for establishing bidirectional circulating network, including forward direction circulation sub-network sequentially in time and One backward circulation sub-network, it is bottom-up to include a list entries layer, two implicit sequences in each circulation sub-network Row layer and an output sequence layer, each of which sequence layer includes multiple states, corresponding to frame of video at different moments;
Link block, for connecting these states with three kinds of convolution operations, three kinds of convolution operations include feedforward convolution, followed Ring convolution and condition convolution, to obtain bidirectional circulating convolutional network;
Optimization module, for sending training video in the bidirectional circulating convolutional network established, calculated using stochastic gradient descent Method minimizes the object function of bidirectional circulating convolutional network, so as to iteratively optimize the weight of the network, and obtains final Bidirectional circulating convolutional network model;And
Video processing module, for the pending low-resolution video of the final bidirectional circulating convolutional network mode input Sequence, obtain corresponding super-resolution result.
9. system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the bidirectional circulating convolutional network includes a forward direction and circulated Convolution sub-network and a backward cyclic convolution sub-network.
10. system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the forward direction circulation sub-network and backward circulation Network includes a list entries layer, two implicit sequence layers and an output sequence layer respectively.
11. system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that with volume between the state of the bidirectional circulating convolutional network Long-pending mode is attached, wherein:
The state of the flanking sequence layer belonged under synchronization is attached with feedforward convolution;
Two states for belonging to the same implicit sequence layer of adjacent moment are attached with cyclic convolution;
Sub-network, the shape of current time list entries layer, the first implicit sequence layer and the second implicit sequence layer are circulated for forward direction State implies sequence layer with the first of previous moment respectively, the state condition convolution of the second implicit sequence layer and output sequence layer is entered Row connection;And
For backward circulation sub-network, the shape of current time list entries layer, the first implicit sequence layer and the second implicit sequence layer State implies sequence layer with the first of later moment in time respectively, the state condition convolution of the second implicit sequence layer and output sequence layer is entered Row connection.
12. system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the input layer of the bidirectional circulating convolutional network is low point Resolution sequence of frames of video, output layer are the high-resolution video frame sequence of prediction, and the bidirectional circulating convolutional network has network Weight, to obtain other layer states according to current layer state.
13. system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the object function of the bidirectional circulating convolutional network is pre- Mean square error between high-resolution video survey and real.
14. system according to claim 8, wherein:
Each convolution connects through wave filter realization;
The yardstick of wave filter is adjusted so that the effect of the model is optimal, and wherein regulative mode is as follows:Selection of small first Yardstick is tested, and then obtains corresponding experimental result by being continuously increased yardstick, and corresponding to experimental result needed for selection Filter scales yardstick the most final;
The quantity of wave filter is equal to the product of the passage of two states of its connection;And
The wave filter has weight, and bidirectional circulating convolutional network learns to obtain the weight according to object function.
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Video Super-Resolution Algorithm Using Bi-Directional Overlapped Block Motion Compensation and On-the-Fly Dictionary Training;Byung Cheol Song et.al.;《IEEE Transations on Ciruits and Systems for Video Technology》;20110331;全文 *

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