CN105071929B - The post-processing approach of quantum key distribution - Google Patents
The post-processing approach of quantum key distribution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of post-processing approach of quantum key distribution, includes the following steps：S1：Sender and recipient carry out the post-processing of information exchange and part, with from obtaining the first shared key in the transmission information of sender and obtain the second shared key from the reception information of recipient；S2：Error correction is carried out to the first shared key and the second shared key；S3：It verifies the first shared key and whether the second shared key is consistent, if unanimously thening follow the steps S4, otherwise return to step S2；S4：Sender and recipient estimate the size of leakage information, and from the first shared key and the second shared key obtain safe key by privacy amplification process according to the size of leakage information；S5：Sender and recipient are by the key storage of safety in pool of keys.The method of the present invention can improve correctness and the safety of quantum key distribution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to internet communication technical field, more particularly to a kind of post-processing approach of quantum key distribution.
Background technology
It is constantly promoted with the rapid development and widely available and application, the importance of communication security of internet.Very
In the case of more, communication two party wishes to transmit information by common signal channel, and ensures the privacy of information simultaneously.For example, working as bank
When asking for account and password to user, it is privacy, third that user, which always wants to them by the information that common signal channel transmits,
What Fang Wufa was known.Pass through the encrypted method to information one-time pad, it is ensured that the personal secrets of information.But this is needed
Both sides share a large amount of private cipher key.By sharing Public Key, the safety of classical communications protocol is multiple based on mathematical computations
Miscellaneous degree.With the promotion of computer performance and the development of quantum information technology, the safety based on mathematical computations complexity will
There may be loopholes.
Based on quantum-mechanical basic principle, quantum key distribution can share the random key of safety between two sides.
The information in communication can be encrypted using shared key, to ensure communication security.Quantum key distribution technology
Safety is to be based on basic physics theory, therefore is Information theoretical secure.The core technology of quantum key distribution is key
Shared both sides can detect the key information of third party's intercepting and capturing.It is safe close to obtain so as to reject the information of leakage
Key.
With the development of quantum information technology, quantum key distribution system is realized in an experiment.Quantum key distribution
System includes mainly two aspects, is on the one hand hardware physical layer, including transmission, reception and measurement device and corresponding association
View.And on the other hand it is then the post-processing of software and data.In quantum key distribution agreement, sender utilizes sending device
Corresponding quantum state is prepared, and recipient is passed to by shared channel.Recipient is received using reception device and measures quantum
Signal.By the process of physical layer, sender and recipient can generate corresponding key.It is generated by physical layer close
Key is not also identical for sender and recipient.In addition, the interference due to potential listener-in and physics
Device it is imperfect, key may wrong or even part of it information revealed.Therefore, it is generated by physical layer
Key also needs to be post-processed.Last handling process is transmitted it is only necessary to classical information and the information processing of part, Ke Yitong
Software is crossed to complete.
In actual application, also there is the key distribution system of some commercializations.As previously mentioned, a practical quantum
Key distribution system is made of physical hardware level and software post-processing level.It just only can guarantee by the key of post-processing
Safety.However, since quantum key distribution technology is still in developing stage, existing post-processing scheme is in experiment and actually answers
In completed according to certain experience step.After not carried out according to stringent Security Proof method
Processing procedure, current quantum key distribution post-processes scheme, and there may be potential security risks.
Invention content
The present invention is directed to solve at least to a certain extent it is above-mentioned in the related technology the technical issues of one of.
For this purpose, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of post-processing approach of quantum key distribution, this method can improve
The correctness of key distribution and safety.
To achieve the goals above, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of post-processing approach of quantum key distribution, packet
Include following steps：S1：Sender and recipient carry out the post-processing of information exchange and part, to believe from the transmission of described sender
The first shared key is obtained in breath and obtains the second shared key from the reception information of the recipient；S2：To described
One shared key and second shared key carry out error correction；S3：Verify first shared key and described second total
It whether consistent enjoys key, if unanimously thening follow the steps S4, otherwise returns to the step S2；S4：Described sender and recipient
The size of estimation leakage information, and according to the size of leakage information by privacy amplification process from first shared key and institute
It states and obtains safe key in the second shared key；S5：Described sender and recipient are by the safe key storage close
Key pond.
The post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention is tested by testing keys, error correction, mistake
After card, privacy amplification and key storage, sender and recipient can share equal and safe key.This method utilization
Sub-key distribution technique can generate safe key, to ensure the absolute safety of information transmission, and then improve quantum
The correctness of key distribution and safety.
In addition, the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to the above embodiment of the present invention can also have following add
Technical characteristic：
In some instances, wherein described after described sender and recipient are transmitted by the quantum signal that N takes turns
The transmission information of sender includes：The key information of N-bit, the basic vector information of N-bit and N number of trick state information, it is described to connect
The reception information of debit is：The basic vector information of N number of bit and N number of key information, wherein each key information includes unsuccessfully detecting
And detect corresponding bit information and other possible error detector results.
In some instances, the step S1 further comprises：Recipient's discarding is described unsuccessfully to be detected, and handles institute
State other possible error detector results；The recipient unsuccessfully detects described corresponding position and is sent to described sender；
Described sender abandons the failure detection information of the recipient；The trick state information is sent to described connect by described sender
Debit, and using signal state information as the first shared key；The recipient is shared close using the signal state information as second
Key；Described sender and recipient are utilized respectively the trick state information and estimate；Described sender and recipient carry out base
Arrow compares, and retains the identical result of both sides' basic vector as mutually shared key.
In some instances, wherein utilized initially during described sender and recipient carry out basic vector comparison
Shared key is authenticated.
In some instances, wherein the basic vector unpack is handled or handles the basic vector information integration.
In some instances, in the step S2, further include：The information of transmission is encrypted in error correction procedure.
In some instances, in the S3, further include：When carrying out errors validity, the classical information of transmission, and carry out
Authentication.
In some instances, the mode of the privacy amplification is the privacy amplification method using Toeplitz matrixes.
In some instances, during privacy is amplified, described sender and recipient mutually transmit information, and pass through
The initial shared key carries out authentication.
In some instances, the step S3 further comprises：First shared key and described second shared close
Whether key is consistent, directly terminates the quantum key distribution agreement.
The additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partly become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Description of the drawings
The above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will become in the description from combination following accompanying drawings to embodiment
Obviously and it is readily appreciated that, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the invention；And
Fig. 2 is the overall flow signal of the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, and is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
The post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with attached drawing.
Specifically, in quantum key distribution agreement, is transmitted by the signal of physical layer, receives and measure it
Afterwards, sender and recipient will generate corresponding information.Due to these information not correspondent equal, and there are leakage information and
Mistake finally obtains safe shared key therefore, it is necessary to post-process to be processed these information.It is of the invention based on this
Propose a kind of post-processing approach of quantum key distribution.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the invention.Fig. 2 is basis
The overall flow schematic diagram of the post-processing approach of the quantum key distribution of another embodiment of the present invention.In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 institutes
Show, this approach includes the following steps：
Step S1：Sender and recipient carry out the post-processing of information exchange and part, with from the transmission information of sender
The first shared key of middle acquisition and obtain the second shared key from the reception information of recipient.As shown in Fig. 2, the step is
Carry out testing keys.It should be noted that the first shared key and the second shared key herein is identical in theory, but
Since actual error still may be different.
Wherein, in one embodiment of the invention, when sender and recipient transmit it by the N quantum signals taken turns
Afterwards, the transmission information of sender includes：The key information of N-bit, the basic vector information of N-bit and N number of trick state information.And root
According to the difference for inveigling state scheme, inveigle the size of state information may also be different.For example, adding the side of weak coherent state for vacuum state
Case, it is each to inveigle the information of state for a trit.Further, the reception information of recipient includes：The basic vector information of N number of bit
With N number of key information, wherein each key information is the result of detection of each round comprising unsuccessfully detect and detect pair
The bit information answered and other possible error detector results.Also, the key information that current sender and recipient obtain
It is also and unequal, and existence information leakage and mistake.
Further, in some instances, step S1 further comprises：
Step a. recipient abandons and unsuccessfully detects, and handles other possible error detector results.
Step b. recipient is sent to sender by corresponding position is unsuccessfully detected.
Step c. senders abandon the failure detection information of recipient.
Step d. senders will inveigle state information to be sent to recipient, and using signal state information as the first shared key.
Step e. recipient is using signal state information as the second shared key.
Step f. senders and recipient, which are utilized respectively, inveigles state information to estimate.
Step g. senders and recipient carry out basic vector comparison, for example, basic vector information is sent to recipient by sender.Hair
The side of sending only retains the identical result of both sides' basic vector with recipient as mutually shared key.
It should be noted that the sequence of above-mentioned testing keys process may be different in practice.In some instances, it is sending out
The process that the side of sending and recipient carry out basic vector comparison (i.e. needs to be authenticated using initial shared key in step g).Wherein,
Initial shared key is, for example, to be post-processed the shared key obtained before.
Step S2：Error correction is carried out to the first shared key and the second shared key.Specifically, endless due to device
U.S.'s property and other interference, there may be certain mistakes for the key that sender and recipient share.Therefore, it is necessary to respectively total
The key enjoyed carries out error correction, so that shared key is just the same.
It needs, error correction (i.e. step S2) and the mode that post-processes accordingly in actual last handling process
It may be different, it is possible to which there are a variety of error correction and corresponding post processing modes.For example, in some instances, it can be by basic vector
Unpack is handled, or basic vector information integration is handled.Further, in step s 2, it is needed in error correction procedure to passing
The information passed is encrypted.
Step S3：It verifies the first shared key and whether the second shared key is consistent, if unanimously thening follow the steps S4,
Otherwise return to step S2.In one embodiment of the invention, when the first shared key of verification and the second shared key differ
It causes, can also directly terminate quantum key distribution agreement.
In other words, as shown in Fig. 2, i.e. sender and recipient have been to ensure their shared keys by errors validity
It is complete consistent.If errors validity fails, it will return to and execute step S2 (i.e. error correction) or direct termination protocol.In this hair
It in bright one embodiment, is also required to transmit classical information during errors validity, needs to carry out authentication.
Step S4：According to different modes, sender and recipient estimate the size for revealing information, and according to leakage information
Size safe key is obtained from the first shared key and the second shared key by privacy amplification process.Specific real
Apply in example, privacy amplification mode can there are many kinds of, in one embodiment of the invention, for example, by using a kind of method be profit
With the privacy amplification method of Toeplitz matrixes.And sender and recipient is needed mutually to transmit letter in privacy amplification process
Breath needs to carry out authentication using initial shared key.
Step S5：Sender and recipient are by the key storage of safety in pool of keys.That is, by last handling process it
Afterwards, the key information for sharing identical and safe key is stored in pool of keys by sender and recipient.
To sum up, the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention passes through testing keys, error correction, mistake
Accidentally after verification, privacy amplification and key storage, sender and recipient can share equal and safe key.This method profit
Safe key can be generated with quantum key distribution technology, to ensure the absolute safety of information transmission, and then improved
The correctness of quantum key distribution and safety.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term "center", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " length ", " width ",
" thickness ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside", " up time
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as needle ", " counterclockwise ", " axial direction ", " radial direction ", " circumferential direction " be orientation based on ... shown in the drawings or
Position relationship is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, and does not indicate or imply the indicated device or element must
There must be specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for description purposes only, it is not understood to indicate or imply relative importance
Or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.Define " first " as a result, the feature of " second " can be expressed or
Implicitly include at least one this feature.In the description of the present invention, the meaning of " plurality " is at least two, such as two, three
It is a etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " etc.
Term shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integral；Can be that machinery connects
It connects, can also be electrical connection；It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary in two elements
The interaction relationship of the connection in portion or two elements, unless otherwise restricted clearly.For those of ordinary skill in the art
For, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific conditions.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, fisrt feature can be with "above" or "below" second feature
It is that the first and second features are in direct contact or the first and second features pass through intermediary mediate contact.Moreover, fisrt feature exists
Second feature " on ", " top " and " above " but fisrt feature be directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or be merely representative of
Fisrt feature level height is higher than second feature.Fisrt feature second feature " under ", " lower section " and " below " can be
One feature is directly under or diagonally below the second feature, or is merely representative of fisrt feature level height and is less than second feature.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
It must be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in office
It can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or example.In addition, without conflicting with each other, the skill of this field
Art personnel can tie the feature of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
It closes and combines.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, changes, replacing and modification.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of post-processing approach of quantum key distribution, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1：Sender and recipient carry out the post-processing of information exchange and part, to be obtained from the transmission information of described sender
It takes the first shared key and obtains the second shared key from the reception information of the recipient, wherein work as described sender
After being transmitted by the quantum signal that N takes turns with recipient, the transmission information of described sender includes：Key information, the N of N-bit
The basic vector information of bit and N number of trick state information, the reception information of the recipient include：The basic vector information and N of N number of bit
A key information, wherein each key information includes unsuccessfully detection information, the corresponding bit information that detects and it is other can
The error detector of energy is as a result, the step S1 further comprises：
Recipient's discarding is described unsuccessfully to be detected, and handles other possible error detector results；
The recipient unsuccessfully detects described corresponding position and is sent to described sender；
Described sender abandons the failure detection information of the recipient；
The trick state information is sent to the recipient by described sender, and shared close using signal state information as first
Key；
The recipient is using the signal state information as the second shared key；
Described sender and recipient are utilized respectively the trick state information and estimate；
Described sender and recipient carry out basic vector comparison, and it is close as what is mutually shared to retain the identical result of both sides' basic vector
Key；
S2：Error correction is carried out to first shared key and second shared key；
S3：It verifies first shared key and whether second shared key is consistent, if unanimously thening follow the steps S4,
Otherwise the step S2 is returned；
S4：Described sender and recipient estimate the size of leakage information, and are amplified by privacy according to the size of leakage information
Process obtains safe key from first shared key and second shared key；
S5：Described sender and recipient are by the safe key storage in pool of keys.
2. the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein,
It is authenticated using initial shared key during described sender and recipient carry out basic vector comparison.
3. the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein, by the basic vector
Unpack handles or handles the basic vector information integration.
4. the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S2,
Further include：
The information of transmission is encrypted in error correction procedure.
5. the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the S3, also wrap
It includes：
Classical information is transmitted when carrying out errors validity, and carries out authentication.
6. the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the side of the privacy amplification
Formula is the privacy amplification method using Toeplitz matrixes.
7. the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in the process of privacy amplification
In, described sender and recipient mutually transmit information, and carry out authentication by initial shared key.
8. the post-processing approach of quantum key distribution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S3 is further
Including：
When first shared key and second shared key are inconsistent, the quantum key distribution association is directly terminated
View.
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| CN105915346B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2018-12-14 | 青岛理工大学 | Based on the RFID system mutual authentication method for inveigling state quantum randomization key |
| CN105846999B (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2019-02-15 | 泰山学院 | Multi-party quantum key agreement method based on one-way transmission circuit |
| CN107645376B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2021-01-05 | 北京大学 | Long code private key amplification method for continuous variable quantum key distribution |
| CN106452757B (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2019-12-17 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | quantum secret sharing system and sharing method and error correction method thereof |
| CN106452758B (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2019-09-06 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | A kind of multi-party quantum key distribution system and its error correction method |
| CN106533673B (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-07-26 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | A kind of privacy amplification method suitable for multi-party quantum communications |
| CN106712940B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2022-11-25 | 清华大学 | Quantum key distribution system and method irrelevant to measurement and equipment |
| CN109274485B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2021-06-15 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Data encryption method, data authentication method, related equipment and system |
| CN109428709B (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2022-03-01 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Quantum key distribution method and system and optical network system |
| CN108777614B (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2023-08-18 | 清华大学 | Encryption and decryption device and encryption and decryption method based on general hash function |
| CN109787758B (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2021-08-10 | 如般量子科技有限公司 | Anti-quantum computation MQV key agreement method and system based on private key pool and Elgamal |
| CN114613234B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2023-10-03 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Quantum communication attack and defense demonstration system based on photon number separation |
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