CN105069190A - Tower material strength evaluation and calculation method for providing criterion for evaluation of tower structure - Google Patents

Tower material strength evaluation and calculation method for providing criterion for evaluation of tower structure Download PDF

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CN105069190A
CN105069190A CN201510422924.5A CN201510422924A CN105069190A CN 105069190 A CN105069190 A CN 105069190A CN 201510422924 A CN201510422924 A CN 201510422924A CN 105069190 A CN105069190 A CN 105069190A
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evaluation
weight
index
tower
factor
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傅靖
陈国华
朱富云
徐剑峰
葛乐
龚灯才
朱张蓓
鞠易
孙玉玮
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Nantong Power Supply Co of Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Nantong Power Supply Co of Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a tower material strength evaluation and calculation method for providing a criterion for evaluation of a tower structure. The method comprises the following steps of applying a rough set theory to carry out reduction on an index set; adopting a method of combining subjective weight and objective weight to determine an evaluation index weight; and applying a fuzzy mathematical method to comprehensively evaluate and calculate the actual strength of a tower material according to the established evaluation grade set in order to solve a typical uncertain problem of unclear validity of a factor that affects the tower material strength in an evolutionary process. The method can provide an important science criterion for security evaluation of the tower structure.

Description

为铁塔结构评估提供判据的塔材强度评估和计算方法Tower Material Strength Evaluation and Calculation Method Provide Criterion for Steel Tower Structural Evaluation

本申请是申请号:201410423096.2、申请日:2014.8.26、名称“一种基于粗糙模糊集的输电杆塔塔材强度评估和计算方法”的分案申请。This application is a divisional application with application number: 201410423096.2, application date: 2014.8.26, and title "A method for evaluating and calculating the strength of power transmission tower materials based on rough fuzzy sets".

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及输电杆塔结构强度评价计算领域,特别适用于在复杂自然环境下长期运行的输电杆塔结构安全评价。The invention relates to the field of structural strength evaluation and calculation of transmission poles and towers, and is particularly suitable for the structural safety evaluation of transmission poles and towers operating for a long time in complex natural environments.

背景技术Background technique

线路结构安全的本质是一个不确定性状态空间的演化过程,状态的演化(转移)过程具有随机性,其中表征杆塔塔材实际机械强度的特征信息具有不精确性,影响因素的作用效度也不清晰,运行状态的定义及外延具有模糊性,状态评判的专家知识具有不完备性,所以对线路塔材强度的评价与计算是一个复杂的不确定性问题。The essence of line structure safety is an evolution process of an uncertain state space, and the state evolution (transition) process is random, in which the characteristic information representing the actual mechanical strength of tower materials is inaccurate, and the validity of the influencing factors is also It is not clear, the definition and extension of the operating state are vague, and the expert knowledge for state evaluation is incomplete, so the evaluation and calculation of the strength of the line tower material is a complex problem of uncertainty.

模糊综合评价以模糊数学为基础,其基本思想是利用模糊转换原理,通过隶属度理论把定性评价转化为定量评价,考虑各个相关因素,从最低级层次的各个因素进行综合评价,依次向上,直到最高的目标层,从而对受到多种因素制约的事物或对象做出一个相对客观、正确、符合实际的评价,进而解决具有模糊性的实际问题。它具有结果清晰、系统性强的特点,能较好地解决模糊、难以量化的问题,适合多种非确定性问题的解决。Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is based on fuzzy mathematics. Its basic idea is to use the principle of fuzzy transformation to transform qualitative evaluation into quantitative evaluation through the theory of membership degree, and to consider all relevant factors, and to carry out comprehensive evaluation from the lowest level of factors, and then up to The highest target layer, so as to make a relatively objective, correct, and realistic evaluation of things or objects that are restricted by various factors, and then solve practical problems with ambiguity. It has the characteristics of clear results and strong systematization, can better solve vague and difficult-to-quantify problems, and is suitable for solving various non-deterministic problems.

模糊综合评价应用于杆塔塔材强度评估上也存在一些缺点:首先,影响塔材强度的因素很多,而传统的模糊综合评价需要对全部评价指标进行计算,所以计算较复杂,而且可能因为各因素权重小而造成的严重失真现象或多峰值现象;其次,对于指标权重确定的确定,由于各专家的评判标准等有不同,最终结果也会有差异,所以主观性较强。本发明基于粗糙集理论对指标集进行约简,约简后结合层次分析法和模糊集方法进行综合评价,避免了传统的模糊综合评价存在的一些缺点。所提方法有效的解决了在复杂自然环境下长期运行的输电杆塔结构安全评价问题。There are also some shortcomings in fuzzy comprehensive evaluation applied to the strength evaluation of tower materials: First, there are many factors that affect the strength of tower materials, while the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation needs to calculate all evaluation indicators, so the calculation is more complicated, and may be due to various factors Severe distortion or multi-peak phenomenon caused by small weights; secondly, for the determination of index weights, due to the different evaluation standards of various experts, the final results will also be different, so the determination is relatively subjective. The invention reduces the index set based on the rough set theory, and performs comprehensive evaluation in combination with the analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy set method after the reduction, avoiding some shortcomings of the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The proposed method effectively solves the problem of structural safety evaluation of transmission towers operating in complex natural environments for a long time.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于:提出一种基于粗糙模糊集的输电杆塔塔材强度评估和计算方法,可直接为评估输电线路铁塔安全评价提供必要判据。The purpose of the present invention is to propose a rough fuzzy set-based evaluation and calculation method for the strength of transmission towers and towers, which can directly provide necessary criteria for evaluating the safety evaluation of transmission line towers.

一种长期运行输电杆塔塔材的实际强度评估方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:A method for evaluating the actual strength of transmission tower materials in long-term operation, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

步骤1:指标集约简;Step 1: Index set reduction;

步骤2:因素集权重确定;Step 2: Determine the weight of the factor set;

步骤3:隶属函数确定;Step 3: determination of membership function;

步骤4:实际强度评估。Step 4: Actual strength assessment.

所述步骤1中的指标集约简,主要对由气象区条件、亚强度损伤、导线应力及机械振动三大类因素构成的指标集,三类影响因素集表示为U={U1,U2,U3}。其中:U1={u11,u12,u13,u14,u15},u11为风速(最大风),u12为大气温度(最低温),u13为年平均气温,u14为覆冰厚度(最厚覆冰),u15为年雷暴日天数。U2={u21,u22,u23,u24,u25,u26},u21为运行时间,u22为弯曲修复次数,u23为裂痕修复次数,u24为雷电或故障电流损伤次数,u25为重覆冰疲劳次数,u26为平均运行应力/最大运行应力。U3={u31,u32,u33,u34},u31为导线分裂数,u32为风向与线路角,u33为地表面粗糙程度,u34为钢材锈蚀量。运用粗糙集进行指标集约简,属性重要度定义为:The index set in the step 1 is simplified, mainly for the index set composed of three major factors: meteorological zone conditions, sub-intensity damage, conductor stress and mechanical vibration, and the three types of influencing factor sets are expressed as U={U 1 , U 2 , U 3 }. Among them: U 1 ={u 11 ,u 12 ,u 13 ,u 14 ,u 15 }, u 11 is wind speed (maximum wind), u 12 is atmospheric temperature (lowest temperature), u 13 is annual average temperature, u 14 is the thickness of ice (thickest ice), u 15 is the number of days of annual thunderstorms. U 2 = {u 21 , u 22 , u 23 , u 24 , u 25 , u 26 }, u 21 is the running time, u 22 is the number of bending repairs, u 23 is the number of crack repairs, u 24 is the lightning or fault current The number of damages, u 25 is the number of repeated ice fatigue, and u 26 is the average operating stress/maximum operating stress. U 3 ={u 31 ,u 32 ,u 33 ,u 34 }, u 31 is the number of wire splits, u 32 is the wind direction and line angle, u 33 is the roughness of the ground surface, and u 34 is the amount of steel corrosion. Rough set is used to reduce the index set, and the attribute importance is defined as:

U/R={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}U/R={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}

U/(R-{u11})={{1,3,5,7,8},{2,4}}U/(R-{u 11 })={{1,3,5,7,8},{2,4}}

U/(R-{u12})={{1,2,4,5,7},{3,6,8}}U/(R-{u 12 })={{1,2,4,5,7},{3,6,8}}

U/(R-{u13})={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}U/(R-{u 13 })={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}

U/(R-{u14})={{1,5,7},{2,4},{3,6,8}}U/(R-{u 14 })={{1,5,7},{2,4},{3,6,8}}

U/(R-{u15})={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}U/(R-{u 15 })={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}

U/(R-{u13,u15})={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}U/(R-{u 13 ,u 15 })={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}

U/R≠U/(R-{u11})U/R≠U/(R-{u 11 })

U/R≠U/(R-{u12})U/R≠U/(R-{u 12 })

U/R≠U/(R-{u14})U/R≠U/(R-{u 14 })

U/R=U/(R-{u13})=U/(R-{u15})=U/(R-{u13,u15})U/R=U/(R-{u 13 })=U/(R-{u 15 })=U/(R-{u 13 ,u 15 })

经过属性重要度约简计算,u13、u15指标是冗余的,同理,分别对亚强度损伤因素和导线应力及机械振动因素进行属性重要度约简,得到最终评价指标为:U={U1,U2,U3},其中U1={u11,u12,u14},U2={u21,u22,u23,u24,u25},U3={u31,u32,u33,u34};After attribute importance reduction calculation, the u 13 and u 15 indexes are redundant. Similarly, attribute importance reduction is performed on the sub-strength damage factor, conductor stress and mechanical vibration factor respectively, and the final evaluation index is: U= {U 1 , U 2 , U 3 }, where U 1 ={u 11 ,u 12 ,u 14 }, U 2 ={u 21 ,u 22 ,u 23 ,u 24 ,u 25 }, U 3 ={ u 31 , u 32 , u 33 , u 34 };

所述步骤2中的因素集的指标权重确定,采用主观权重和客观权重相结合的方法,确定评价指标权重,结合主观和客观影响使强度评估结果更科学,本发明提出的杆塔塔材的实际强度评估的RS权重和MAHP权重优化组合算法如下:The index weight of the factor set in the said step 2 is determined, and the method of combining subjective weight and objective weight is adopted to determine the evaluation index weight, and the combination of subjective and objective influence makes the strength evaluation result more scientific. The optimal combination algorithm of RS weight and MAHP weight for strength evaluation is as follows:

w=μw1+(1-μ)w2 w=μw 1 +(1-μ)w 2

其中,μ(0<μ<1)为权重因子,反映评价过程中RS权重和MAHP权重的重要程度。w为RS和MAHP组合下的权重值,w1为RS下的权重值,w2为MAHP下的权重值。Among them, μ (0<μ<1) is the weight factor, which reflects the importance of RS weight and MAHP weight in the evaluation process. w is the weight value under the combination of RS and MAHP, w 1 is the weight value under RS, and w 2 is the weight value under MAHP.

1)粗糙集模型建立:1) Rough set model establishment:

一个信息系统S可以表示为一个四元组S={Us,Rs,Vs,fs}。其中,Us是全域(对象构成的集合,Us={x1,x2,...,xm});Rs是属性集;Vs是属性值的集合;fs从Us×Rs到Vs的信息函数。设属性集合Us/IND(B)={x1x2…xm},则B的信息量定义为:An information system S can be expressed as a quadruple S={U s , R s , V s , f s }. Among them, U s is the universe (a collection of objects, U s ={x 1 ,x 2 ,...,x m }); R s is an attribute set; V s is a collection of attribute values; f s is derived from U s × Information function of R s to V s . set property set U s /IND(B)={x 1 x 2 …x m }, then the information content of B is defined as:

II (( BB )) == &Sigma;&Sigma; ii == 11 mm || Xx ii || || Uu 11 || &lsqb;&lsqb; 11 -- || Xx ii || || Uu 11 || &rsqb;&rsqb; == 11 -- 11 || Uu 11 || 22 &Sigma;&Sigma; ii == 11 mm || Xx ii || 22

其中,|Xi|表示等价类集合Xi的基数。Among them, |X i | represents the cardinality of the equivalence class set Xi.

把B中去掉{bi}后所引起的信息量变化的大小定义为{bi}的属性重要度,{bi}重要度可表示为:The size of the change in the amount of information caused by removing {b i } in B is defined as the attribute importance of {b i }, and the importance of {b i } can be expressed as:

SIGSIG BB -- {{ bb ii }} (( bb ii )) == II (( BB )) -- II (( BB -- {{ bb ii }} ))

属性{bi}的权重定义为:The weight of attribute {b i } is defined as:

ww bb ii == SIGSIG BB -- {{ bb ii }} (( bb ii )) &Sigma;&Sigma; jj == 11 mm SGFSGF BB -- {{ bb jj }} (( bb jj )) == II (( BB )) -- II (( BB -- {{ bb ii }} )) mm II (( BB )) -- &Sigma;&Sigma; jj == 11 mm II (( BB -- {{ bb jj }} ))

2)MAHP权重确定:2) MAHP weight determination:

(1)通过以上公式建立层次结构;(1) Establish a hierarchical structure through the above formula;

(2)构造判断矩阵;(2) Construct a judgment matrix;

判断矩阵P确定方法:pi,pj(i,j=1,2,…,n)表示同一层次评价指标,对两个指标进行比较,pij表示pi对pj的相对重要性数值;Judgment matrix P determination method: p i , p j (i,j=1,2,…,n) represent the evaluation index of the same level, compare the two indexes, p ij represents the relative importance value of p i to p j ;

(3)求出判断矩阵P的最大特征值λmax及其对应的特征向量W,W归一化即为该层次因素的权重w,由判断矩阵P计算最大特征值λmax=3.0053及相应特征向量W=(0.4185,0.5500,0.7228),归一化得到各因素的权重为w=(0.2474,0.3252,0.4274);(3) Calculate the maximum eigenvalue λ max of the judgment matrix P and its corresponding eigenvector W, the normalization of W is the weight w of the factor of this level, and calculate the maximum eigenvalue λ max = 3.0053 and the corresponding features from the judgment matrix P Vector W=(0.4185,0.5500,0.7228), the weight of each factor obtained by normalization is w=(0.2474,0.3252,0.4274);

(4)一致性校验。一致性校验的步骤如下:(4) Consistency check. The steps of consistency check are as follows:

a)计算一致性指标CI, C I = &lambda; m a x - n n - 1 = 3.0053 - 3 3 - 1 = 0.00265 ; a) Calculate the consistency index CI, C I = &lambda; m a x - no no - 1 = 3.0053 - 3 3 - 1 = 0.00265 ;

b)依据n=3查表得到平均随机一致性指标RI=0.58;b) Obtain the average random consistency index RI=0.58 according to n=3 look-up table;

c)计算一致性比例(若CR<0.10时,认为判断矩阵的一致性是可以接受的,否则应对判断矩阵作适当的修正):c) Calculate the consistency ratio (If CR<0.10, it is considered that the consistency of the judgment matrix is acceptable, otherwise the judgment matrix should be corrected appropriately):

(5)重复上述步骤得到各个一级指标和二级指标的权重。(5) Repeat the above steps to obtain the weights of each primary index and secondary index.

所述步骤3中的隶属度函数可以得到某种因素对杆塔塔材实际强度的影响程度,将不确定性的因素清晰化,本发明提出的杆塔塔材的实际强度评估的隶属度函数采用高斯模型如下:The degree of membership function in the step 3 can obtain the degree of influence of certain factors on the actual strength of the tower material, and clarify the uncertain factors. The degree of membership function of the actual strength evaluation of the tower material proposed by the present invention adopts Gaussian The model is as follows:

rr ii jj == 11 xx &le;&le; dd ii 11 ,, xx &GreaterEqual;&Greater Equal; dd ii nno expexp (( -- (( xx -- dd ii (( jj -- 11 )) )) 22 22 (( dd ii jj -- dd ii (( jj -- 11 )) )) 22 )) dd ii (( jj -- 11 )) << xx << dd ii jj expexp (( -- (( dd ii jj -- xx )) 22 22 (( dd ii (( jj ++ 11 )) -- dd ii jj )) 22 )) dd ii jj << xx << dd ii (( jj ++ 11 )) 00 xx &le;&le; dd ii (( jj -- 11 )) ,, xx &GreaterEqual;&Greater Equal; dd ii (( jj ++ 11 ))

式中:rij表示第i种因素对第j级评价等级的隶属度;xi表示第i种因素实际发生值;dij表示第i种因素在第j级评价标准的标准值;i=1,2,...,m;j=2,3,...,n-1。In the formula: r ij represents the membership degree of the i-th factor to the j-level evaluation grade; x i represents the actual occurrence value of the i-th factor; d ij represents the standard value of the i-th factor in the j-level evaluation standard; i= 1,2,...,m; j=2,3,...,n-1.

所述步骤4中的实际强度评估,根据建立的评价等级集,运用模糊综合评价计算的塔材实际强度值,本发明提出的杆塔塔材的实际强度的模糊综合评价方法如下:In the actual strength evaluation in the step 4, according to the established evaluation grade set, the actual strength value of the tower material calculated by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of the actual strength of the tower material proposed by the present invention is as follows:

a)一级模糊综合评价:a) First-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation:

由隶属度函数得到因素Ui的评价模糊关系Ri,rkj(i)表示在因素Ui中二级第k种因素对第j级评价标准的隶属度,对每个因素进行一级模糊综合评价,评价结果记为Bi,即:The evaluation fuzzy relationship R i of factor U i is obtained from the membership function, and r kj(i) represents the membership degree of the kth second-level factor in the factor U i to the j-th-level evaluation standard, and the first-level fuzzy relationship is performed on each factor Comprehensive evaluation, the evaluation result is recorded as B i , namely:

其中:bi1=ai1·r11(i)+ai2·r21(i)+…+aim·rm1(i)Wherein: b i1 =a i1 ·r 11(i) +a i2 ·r 21(i) +...+a im ·r m1(i) .

再将Bi归一化得到B'i,记B'i=[b'i1b'i2…b'in],其中: Then normalize B i to get B' i , record B' i =[b' i1 b' i2 …b' in ], where:

b)二级模糊综合评价:b) Second-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation:

在一级模糊综合评价的基础上,将评价向量B'i合成为R,其中R为因素集U到评价集Y的模糊关系矩阵,即综合评价变换矩阵。进行二级模糊综合评价,记为B,即:On the basis of the first-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the evaluation vector B' i is synthesized into R, where R is the fuzzy relationship matrix from the factor set U to the evaluation set Y, that is, the comprehensive evaluation transformation matrix. Carry out a second-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, denoted as B, namely:

其中:bi=A1·r1i+A2·r2i+…+Am·rmiWherein: b i =A 1 ·r 1i +A 2 ·r 2i +...+A m ·r mi .

再将B归一化得到最终的模糊评价向量B',B'记B'=[b'1b'2…b'n],其中: b i &prime; = b i / &Sigma; j = 1 n b j , ( i = 1 , 2 , ... , n ) . Then B is normalized to obtain the final fuzzy evaluation vector B', B' is recorded as B'=[b' 1 b' 2 ... b' n ], where: b i &prime; = b i / &Sigma; j = 1 no b j , ( i = 1 , 2 , ... , no ) .

本发明的技术效果:Technical effect of the present invention:

本申请相较于传统方法,不仅使指标得到了简化,而且也使得各个因素的权重分配较为合理,其评价结果的区分度明显,结果更加切合实际,其采用主观权重和客观权重相结合的方法,使评价指标更加切实有效的反映评价结果。Compared with the traditional method, this application not only simplifies the indicators, but also makes the weight distribution of each factor more reasonable, the evaluation results are clearly differentiated, and the results are more realistic. It adopts the method of combining subjective weight and objective weight , so that the evaluation indicators can reflect the evaluation results more effectively.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是长期运行输电线路塔材的实际强度计算方法的原理图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the actual strength calculation method for long-term operation transmission line tower materials.

图2是实际强度计算结果图。Figure 2 is a graph of actual strength calculation results.

图3是强度评价结果图。Fig. 3 is a graph showing strength evaluation results.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

本发明一种长期运行输电线路塔材的实际强度计算方法如图1所示,该方法主要包括如下步骤:A kind of actual strength calculation method of long-term operation transmission line tower material of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, and this method mainly comprises the following steps:

(1)基本指标体系建立:(1) Basic index system establishment:

通过在供电企业调研,根据相关技术人员给出的影响塔材强度的各种因素的评价指标,结合大量实际数据,得出了110kV电压等级线路铁塔强度评价基本指标体系。基本指标体系主要由气象区条件、亚强度损伤、导线应力及机械振动三大类因素构成。Through research in power supply enterprises, according to the evaluation indicators of various factors affecting the strength of tower materials given by relevant technical personnel, combined with a large number of actual data, the basic index system for the evaluation of the strength of 110kV voltage level line iron towers is obtained. The basic index system is mainly composed of three major factors: meteorological region conditions, sub-intensity damage, wire stress and mechanical vibration.

因素集为:U={U1,U2,U3},其中U1={u11,u12,u13,u14,u15},U2={u21,u22,u23,u24,u25,u26},U3={u31,u32,u33,u34}。The factor set is: U={U 1 , U 2 , U 3 }, where U 1 ={u 11 ,u 12 ,u 13 ,u 14 ,u 15 }, U 2 ={u 21 ,u 22 ,u 23 ,u 24 ,u 25 ,u 26 }, U 3 ={u 31 ,u 32 ,u 33 ,u 34 }.

1)气象区条件U11) Weather zone condition U 1 :

风速(最大风)u11,大气温度(最低温)u12,年平均气温u13,覆冰厚度(最厚覆冰)u14,年雷暴日天数u15Wind speed (maximum wind) u 11 , atmospheric temperature (lowest temperature) u 12 , annual average temperature u 13 , ice thickness (thickest ice cover) u 14 , annual number of thunderstorm days u 15 .

2)亚强度损伤U22) Sub-intensity damage U 2 :

运行时间u21,弯曲修复次数u22,裂痕修复次数u23,雷电或故障电流损伤次数u24,重覆冰疲劳次数u25,平均运行应力/最大运行应力u26Running time u 21 , bending repair times u 22 , crack repair times u 23 , lightning or fault current damage times u 24 , repeated ice fatigue times u 25 , average operating stress/maximum operating stress u 26 .

3)导线应力及机械振动U33) Wire stress and mechanical vibration U 3 :

导线分裂数u31,风向与线路角u32,地表面粗糙程度u33,钢材锈蚀量为u34The wire splitting number u 31 , the wind direction and line angle u 32 , the roughness of the ground surface u 33 , and the amount of steel corrosion u 34 .

由于各因素的取值不同,且较为复杂,为了后续评估计算的方便,在此对基本指标进行数据标准化。根据评价因素对塔材强度的影响程度不同分为五个等级,分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ,等级Ⅰ表示对塔材实际强度影响很小,等级Ⅱ表示对塔材实际强度影响较小,等级Ⅲ表示对塔材实际强度影响中等,等级Ⅳ表示对塔材实际强度影响较大,等级Ⅴ表示对塔材实际强度影响很大。下面以气象区为例建立气象区评价量化标准。Since the values of each factor are different and complex, for the convenience of subsequent evaluation and calculation, the basic indicators are standardized here. According to the degree of influence of evaluation factors on the strength of tower materials, it is divided into five grades, namely Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ. Grade Ⅰ means that it has little influence on the actual strength of tower materials, and grade Ⅱ means that it has little influence on the actual strength of tower materials. Smaller, grade Ⅲ means that it has a moderate influence on the actual strength of the tower material, grade Ⅳ means that it has a greater influence on the actual strength of the tower material, and grade Ⅴ means that it has a great influence on the actual strength of the tower material. The meteorological area is taken as an example to establish the quantitative standard for the evaluation of the meteorological area.

由全国典型气象区库建立气象区条件的评价标准,得出气象区评价量化标准,见表1。The evaluation criteria of meteorological region conditions are established from the national typical meteorological region database, and the quantitative standard of meteorological region evaluation is obtained, as shown in Table 1.

表1气象区评价量化标准Table 1 Quantitative standards for meteorological region evaluation

(2)粗糙集进行属性约简:(2) Rough set for attribute reduction:

基本指标体系的因素较多,可能会存在因素冗余的问题,在不影响评价结果的基础上,为了不让评价过程复杂化,将对基本指标体系进行约简。样本测试数据如表2所示,为了便于计算简化,以Ⅱ的指标值作为各最初评价指标的阀值,满足Ⅱ的指标值则为1,否则为0,则由表2和表3数据进行数据离散化,便可得出最初评价指标信息,见表3。There are many factors in the basic index system, and there may be redundant factors. On the basis of not affecting the evaluation results, in order not to complicate the evaluation process, the basic index system will be reduced. The sample test data is shown in Table 2. In order to facilitate the calculation and simplification, the index value of II is used as the threshold value of each initial evaluation index. If the index value of II is satisfied, it is 1, otherwise it is 0, and the data in Table 2 and Table 3 are used. By discretizing the data, the initial evaluation index information can be obtained, as shown in Table 3.

表2样本测试数据Table 2 sample test data

表3样本数据离散化Table 3 Discretization of sample data

根据粗糙集理论,对表4进行属性重要度约简:According to the rough set theory, attribute importance reduction is performed on Table 4:

U/R={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}U/R={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}

U/(R-{u11})={{1,3,5,7,8},{2,4}}U/(R-{u 11 })={{1,3,5,7,8},{2,4}}

U/(R-{u12})={{1,2,4,5,7},{3,6,8}}U/(R-{u 12 })={{1,2,4,5,7},{3,6,8}}

U/(R-{u13})={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}U/(R-{u 13 })={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}

U/(R-{u14})={{1,5,7},{2,4},{3,6,8}}U/(R-{u 14 })={{1,5,7},{2,4},{3,6,8}}

U/(R-{u15})={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}U/(R-{u 15 })={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}

U/(R-{u13,u15})={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}U/(R-{u 13 ,u 15 })={{1,7},{2,4},{3,6,8},{5}}

U/R≠U/(R-{u11})U/R≠U/(R-{u 11 })

U/R≠U/(R-{u12})U/R≠U/(R-{u 12 })

U/R≠U/(R-{u14})U/R≠U/(R-{u 14 })

U/R=U/(R-{u13})=U/(R-{u15})=U/(R-{u13,u15})U/R=U/(R-{u 13 })=U/(R-{u 15 })=U/(R-{u 13 ,u 15 })

经过属性重要度约简,计算可知指标u13、u15是冗余的。同理,分别对亚强度损伤因素和导线应力及机械振动因素进行属性重要度约简,得到最终评价指标为:U={U1,U2,U3},其中U1={u11,u12,u14},U2={u21,u22,u23,u24,u25},U3={u31,u32,u33,u34}。After attribute importance reduction, the calculation shows that the indicators u 13 and u 15 are redundant. Similarly, the attribute importance reduction is performed on the sub-strength damage factor, conductor stress and mechanical vibration factor respectively, and the final evaluation index is: U={U 1 ,U 2 ,U 3 }, where U 1 ={u 11 , u 12 , u 14 }, U 2 ={u 21 , u 22 , u 23 , u 24 , u 25 }, U 3 ={u 31 , u 32 , u 33 , u 34 }.

(3)权重确定:(3) Weight determination:

在模糊综合评价中,权重的合理与否对评价结果有着至关重要的作用。目前,权重确定的方法主要有可主观赋权法和客观赋权法。前者主要由专家根据经验进行判断得出权重,所以具有较强的主观随意性,且客观性较差;后者主要根据原始数据之间的关系来确定权重,不依赖于人的主观判断,但是计算受样本变化的影响较大。本文综合两种方法的优点,采用组合赋权法,即权重采用粗糙集法和改进层次分析法相结合的方式进行确定,使评价结果更加接近实际。In fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, whether the weight is reasonable or not plays a vital role in the evaluation result. At present, the weight determination methods mainly include subjective weighting method and objective weighting method. The former is mainly determined by experts based on experience to determine the weight, so it has strong subjective randomness and poor objectivity; the latter mainly determines the weight based on the relationship between the original data and does not rely on human subjective judgment, but The calculation is highly affected by sample changes. This paper combines the advantages of the two methods and adopts the combined weighting method, that is, the weight is determined by combining the rough set method and the improved analytic hierarchy process, so that the evaluation result is closer to reality.

1)粗糙集法:1) Rough set method:

一个信息系统S可以表示为一个四元组S={Us,Rs,Vs,fs}。其中,Us是全域(对象构成的集合,Us={x1,x2,...,xm});Rs是属性集;Vs是属性值的集合;fs从Us×Rs到Vs的信息函数。设属性集合Us/IND(B)={x1x2…xm},则B的信息量定义为:An information system S can be expressed as a quadruple S={U s , R s , V s , f s }. Among them, U s is the universe (a collection of objects, U s ={x 1 ,x 2 ,...,x m }); R s is an attribute set; V s is a collection of attribute values; f s is derived from U s × Information function of R s to V s . set property set U s /IND(B)={x 1 x 2 …x m }, then the information content of B is defined as:

II (( BB )) == &Sigma;&Sigma; ii == 11 mm || Xx ii || || Uu 11 || &lsqb;&lsqb; 11 -- || Xx ii || || Uu 11 || &rsqb;&rsqb; == 11 -- 11 || Uu 11 || 22 &Sigma;&Sigma; ii == 11 mm || Xx ii || 22

其中,|Xi|表示等价类集合Xi的基数。Among them, |X i | represents the cardinality of the equivalence class set Xi.

把B中去掉{bi}后所引起的信息量变化的大小定义为{bi}的属性重要度,{bi}重要度可表示为:The size of the change in the amount of information caused by removing {b i } in B is defined as the attribute importance of {b i }, and the importance of {b i } can be expressed as:

SIGSIG BB -- {{ bb ii }} (( bb ii )) == II (( BB )) -- II (( BB -- {{ bb ii }} ))

属性{bi}的权重定义为:The weight of attribute {b i } is defined as:

ww bb ii == SIGSIG BB -- {{ bb ii }} (( bb ii )) &Sigma;&Sigma; jj == 11 mm SGFSGF BB -- {{ bb jj }} (( bb jj )) == II (( BB )) -- II (( BB -- {{ bb ii }} )) mm II (( BB )) -- &Sigma;&Sigma; jj == 11 mm II (( BB -- {{ bb jj }} ))

前面已经对指标集进行了属性重要度约简,再根据公式,便分别求得一、二级指标的权重,见表5。The attribute importance has been reduced for the indicator set, and then according to the formula, the weights of the primary and secondary indicators are obtained respectively, as shown in Table 5.

2)本发明改进层次分析法:2) The present invention improves AHP:

1.建立层次结构。评价指标体系及评价等级都已建立。1. Build a hierarchy. The evaluation index system and evaluation grades have been established.

2.构造判断矩阵。构造判断矩阵是将人的比较判断量化的过程,因此受人的主观因素影响很大,而判断矩阵的确定是权重确定的基础,所以构造判断矩阵式层次分析法中非常重要的一步。传统的层次分析法采用1-9标度,由于其存在局限性,可能导致结果与实际不符,2. Construct a judgment matrix. Constructing a judgment matrix is a process of quantifying people's comparative judgments, so it is greatly influenced by human subjective factors, and the determination of the judgment matrix is the basis for determining the weights, so constructing a judgment matrix is a very important step in the AHP. The traditional analytic hierarchy process uses a scale of 1-9. Due to its limitations, the results may not match the actual results.

故本发明对层次分析法提出了改进,提出了新的标度方法,极大地降低传统权值确定过程中的主观随意性。Therefore, the present invention improves the analytic hierarchy process and proposes a new scaling method, which greatly reduces the subjective arbitrariness in the traditional weight determination process.

判断矩阵P确定方法:pi,pj(i,j=1,2,…,n)表示同一层次评价指标,对两个指标进行比较,pij表示pi对pj的相对重要性数值,pij的取值规则见表4。Judgment matrix P determination method: p i , p j (i, j=1, 2, ..., n) represent the evaluation index of the same level, compare the two indexes, p ij represents the relative importance value of p i to p j , the value rules of p ij are shown in Table 4.

表4pij取值规则Table 4p ij value rules

以气象区的二级指标为例,建立判断矩阵 P = 10 10 9 11 7 13 11 9 10 10 9 11 13 7 11 9 10 10 . Taking the secondary index of meteorological area as an example, establish a judgment matrix P = 10 10 9 11 7 13 11 9 10 10 9 11 13 7 11 9 10 10 .

3.求出判断矩阵P的最大特征值λmax及其对应的特征向量W,W归一化即为该层次因素的权重w,由判断矩阵P计算最大特征值λmax=3.0053及相应特征向量W=(0.4185,0.5500,0.7228),归一化得到各因素的权重为w=(0.2474,0.3252,0.4274);3. Obtain the maximum eigenvalue λ max of the judgment matrix P and its corresponding eigenvector W. The normalization of W is the weight w of the factor at this level. Calculate the maximum eigenvalue λ max = 3.0053 and the corresponding eigenvector from the judgment matrix P W=(0.4185,0.5500,0.7228), the weight of each factor obtained by normalization is w=(0.2474,0.3252,0.4274);

4.一致性校验。一致性校验的步骤如下:4. Consistency check. The steps of consistency check are as follows:

5.先计算一致性指标CI, C I = &lambda; m a x - n n - 1 = 3.0053 - 3 3 - 1 = 0.00265 ; 5. First calculate the consistency index CI, C I = &lambda; m a x - no no - 1 = 3.0053 - 3 3 - 1 = 0.00265 ;

a)然后依据n=3查表得到平均随机一致性指标RI=0.58;a) Then look up the table according to n=3 to get the average random consistency index RI=0.58;

b)最后计算一致性比例(若CR<0.10时,认为判断矩阵的一致性是可以接受的,否则应对判断矩阵作适当的修正)。b) Finally calculate the consistency ratio (If CR<0.10, it is considered that the consistency of the judgment matrix is acceptable, otherwise the judgment matrix should be corrected appropriately).

6.重复上述步骤得到各个一级指标和二级指标的权重,见表5。6. Repeat the above steps to obtain the weights of each first-level indicator and second-level indicator, see Table 5.

给出权重和权重优化组合的一般计算公式如下:The general calculation formulas for weights and weight optimization combinations are given as follows:

w=μw1+(1-μ)w2 w=μw 1 +(1-μ)w 2

其中,μ(0<μ<1)为权重因子,反映评价过程中RS权重和MAHP权重的重要程度,w为RS和MAHP组合下的权重值,w1为RS下的权重值,w2为MAHP下的权重值。根据不同地区不同情况,可由评价者自行确定。本文取0.5,各指标权重见表5。Among them, μ(0<μ<1) is the weight factor, reflecting the importance of RS weight and MAHP weight in the evaluation process, w is the weight value under the combination of RS and MAHP, w 1 is the weight value under RS, w 2 is Weight value under MAHP. According to different situations in different regions, it can be determined by the evaluators themselves. In this paper, 0.5 is taken, and the weights of each indicator are shown in Table 5.

表5指标的权重Table 5 Weight of indicators

(4)本发明确定评价等级集:(4) The present invention determines the evaluation level set:

评价等级集通常用Y={y1,y2,...,yn}表示,其中yi(i=1,2,…,n)表示可能的n种不同等级。本文中n=5,即综合考虑分为(很好,良好,中等,差,很差)5级,每级对应值为{95%,85%,75%,65%,55%}。An evaluation level set is usually represented by Y={y 1 ,y 2 ,...,y n }, where y i (i=1, 2,...,n) represents n possible different levels. In this paper, n=5, that is, comprehensive consideration is divided into (very good, good, medium, poor, very poor) 5 grades, and the corresponding value of each grade is {95%, 85%, 75%, 65%, 55%}.

(5)隶属函数确定:(5) Determination of membership function:

在塔材强度的评估计算中,隶属度函数对评价结果至关重要。通过隶属函数可以得到某种因素对塔材强度的影响程度,将不确定性的因素清晰化。通过对运行中塔材特点的分析研究,同时考虑某种因素实际发生值与指标量化标准中该种因素各标准值之间的关系,采用高斯函数的方法,抽象出在一般的塔材强度评价的隶属度函数模型,隶属度函数采用高斯模型如下:In the evaluation and calculation of tower material strength, the membership function is very important to the evaluation results. Through the membership function, the degree of influence of certain factors on the strength of the tower material can be obtained, and the uncertain factors are clarified. Through the analysis and research on the characteristics of tower materials in operation, and at the same time considering the relationship between the actual occurrence value of a certain factor and the standard values of this factor in the index quantification standard, the Gaussian function method is used to abstract the strength evaluation of tower materials in general The membership function model of the membership function adopts the Gaussian model as follows:

rr ii jj == 11 xx &le;&le; dd ii 11 ,, xx &GreaterEqual;&Greater Equal; dd ii nno expexp (( -- (( xx -- dd ii (( jj -- 11 )) )) 22 22 (( dd ii jj -- dd ii (( jj -- 11 )) )) 22 )) dd ii (( jj -- 11 )) << xx << dd ii jj expexp (( -- (( dd ii jj -- xx )) 22 22 (( dd ii (( jj ++ 11 )) -- dd ii jj )) 22 )) dd ii jj << xx << dd ii (( jj ++ 11 )) 00 xx &le;&le; dd ii (( jj -- 11 )) ,, xx &GreaterEqual;&Greater Equal; dd ii (( jj ++ 11 ))

式中:rij表示第i种因素对第j级评价标准的隶属度;In the formula: r ij represents the membership degree of the i-th factor to the j-level evaluation standard;

xi表示第i种因素实际发生值;x i represents the actual occurrence value of the i factor;

dij表示第i种因素在第j级评价标准的标准值;d ij represents the standard value of the i-th factor at the j-level evaluation standard;

其中i=1,2,…,m;j=2,3,…,n-1。Wherein i=1, 2, ..., m; j = 2, 3, ..., n-1.

(6)模糊综合评价:(6) Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation:

1)本发明一级模糊综合评价:1) One-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the present invention:

由隶属度函数得到因素Ui的评价模糊关系Ri,rkj(i)表示在因素Ui中二级第k种因素对第j级评价标准的隶属度。对每个因素进行一级模糊综合评价,评价结果记为Bi,即:The evaluation fuzzy relationship R i of factor U i is obtained from the membership degree function, and r kj(i) represents the membership degree of the kth factor of the second level in the factor U i to the jth level evaluation standard. A first-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is carried out for each factor, and the evaluation result is recorded as B i , namely:

其中bi1=ai1·r11(i)+ai2·r21(i)+…+aim·rm1(i)where b i1 =a i1 ·r 11(i) +a i2 ·r 21(i) + . . . + a im ·r m1(i) .

再将Bi归一化得到B'i,记B'i=[b'i1b'i2…b'in],其中 Then normalize B i to get B' i , record B' i =[b' i1 b' i2 …b' in ], where

2)本发明二级模糊综合评价:2) Secondary fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the present invention:

在一级模糊综合评价的基础上,将评价向量B'i合成为R,其中R为因素集U到评价集Y的模糊关系矩阵,即综合评价变换矩阵。进行二级模糊综合评价,记为B,即:On the basis of the first-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the evaluation vector B' i is synthesized into R, where R is the fuzzy relationship matrix from the factor set U to the evaluation set Y, that is, the comprehensive evaluation transformation matrix. Carry out a second-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, denoted as B, namely:

其中bi=A1·r1i+A2·r2i+…+Am·rmiwhere b i =A 1 ·r 1i +A 2 ·r 2i + . . . +A m ·r mi .

再将B归一化得到最终的模糊评价向量B',B'记B'=[b'1b'2…b'n],其中 b i &prime; = b i / &Sigma; j = 1 n b j , ( i = 1 , 2 , ... , n ) . Then B is normalized to get the final fuzzy evaluation vector B', B' is recorded as B'=[b' 1 b' 2 ... b' n ], where b i &prime; = b i / &Sigma; j = 1 no b j , ( i = 1 , 2 , ... , no ) .

采用最大隶属度原则得出评价等级,其相对应的取值为α。查表得出塔材的理想拉断力Tp,通常取塔材的综合拉断力为理想拉断力的95%,即95%Tp。因此塔材强度的综合拉断力T'p=α·95%TpThe evaluation grade is obtained by using the principle of maximum membership degree, and its corresponding value is α. The ideal breaking force T p of the tower material is obtained by looking up the table, and the comprehensive breaking force of the tower material is usually taken as 95% of the ideal breaking force, that is, 95% T p . Therefore, the comprehensive breaking force of the tower material strength T' p = α·95% T p .

在复杂工况下通过计算得出端点拉力为Tt,将Tt与T'p进行比较,得出铁塔结构安全的最终结果。若Tt>T'p,则表示在此情况下会铁塔不安全。Under complex working conditions, the terminal tension is calculated as T t , and T t is compared with T' p to obtain the final result of the tower's structural safety. If T t >T' p , it means that the tower is unsafe in this case.

实施例:Example:

针对某电力公司的耐张型铁塔,调取了近五年的详细气象数据,及铁塔投运来的详细运行数据,经本系统重新反演模拟,系统安全评价均为故障危险状态。另外,对于其他一些严重缺陷情况,以实际塔材断裂为例,系统部分(<10%)给出了断线的故障危险状态,系统安全评价略显保守。其线路强度与评价的结果如图2-3所示。For the tension-resistant iron tower of a certain electric power company, the detailed meteorological data of the past five years and the detailed operation data of the iron tower put into operation were retrieved. After re-inversion and simulation by this system, the system safety evaluation is in a dangerous state of failure. In addition, for some other serious defect situations, taking the actual tower material breakage as an example, the system part (<10%) gives a faulty dangerous state of disconnection, and the system safety evaluation is slightly conservative. The line strength and evaluation results are shown in Figure 2-3.

以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作任何其他形式的限制,而依据本发明的技术实质所作的任何修改或等同变化,仍属于本发明所要求保护的范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other form, and any modification or equivalent change made according to the technical essence of the present invention still belongs to the scope of protection required by the present invention .

Claims (1)

1., for iron tower structure assessment provides tower material strength assessment and computing method for criterion, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Step 1: index set yojan;
Step 2: set of factors weight is determined;
Step 3: subordinate function is determined;
Step 4: actual strength is assessed;
The concrete grammar of described step 2:
Adopt Evaluation formula, the mode that namely weight adopts rough set method and improved AHP method to combine is determined, makes evaluation result more close to actual;
1) rough set method:
An infosystem S can be expressed as a four-tuple S={U s, R s, V s, f s; Wherein, U suniverse (set that object is formed, U s={ x 1, x 2..., x m); R sit is property set; V sit is the set of property value; f sfrom U s× R sto V sinformation function; If community set u s/ IND (B)={ x 1x 2x m, then the quantity of information of B is defined as:
I ( B ) = &Sigma; i = 1 m | X i | | U 1 | &lsqb; 1 - | X i | | U 1 | &rsqb; = 1 - 1 | U 1 | 2 &Sigma; i = 1 m | X i | 2
Wherein, | X i| represent equivalence class set X iradix;
Removing { b in B ithe size definition of caused afterwards quantity of information change is { b iattribute Significance, { b iimportance degree can be expressed as:
SIG B - { b i } ( b i ) = I ( B ) - I ( B - { b i } )
Attribute { b iweight definition be:
w b i = SIG B - { b i } ( b i ) &Sigma; j = 1 m SGF B - { b j } ( b j ) = I ( B ) - I ( B - { b i } ) m I ( B ) - &Sigma; j = 1 m I ( B - { b j } )
Attribute Significance yojan is carried out to index set above, then according to formula, just tried to achieve the weight of I and II index respectively;
2) improved AHP method of the present invention:
A. hierarchical structure is set up: assessment indicator system and opinion rating are set up all;
B. Judgement Matricies:
Judgment matrix P defining method: p i, p j(i, j=1,2 ..., n) represent same level evaluation index, two indices compared, p ijrepresent p ito p jrelative importance numerical value, p ijvalue rule:
For the two-level index of meteorologic district, set up judgment matrix P = 10 10 9 11 7 13 11 9 10 10 9 11 13 7 11 9 10 10 ;
C. the eigenvalue of maximum λ of judgment matrix P is obtained maxand characteristic of correspondence vector W, W normalization is the weight w of this level factor, calculates eigenvalue of maximum λ by judgment matrix P max=3.0053 and individual features vector W=(0.4185,0.5500,0.7228), the weight that normalization obtains each factor is w=(0.2474,0.3252,0.4274);
D. consistency desired result; The step of consistency desired result is as follows:
E. first coincident indicator CI is calculated, C I = &lambda; m a x - n n - 1 = 3.0053 - 3 3 - 1 = 0.00265 ;
A) then foundation n=3 tables look-up and obtains Aver-age Random Consistency Index RI=0.58;
B) finally consistency ration is calculated if during CR<0.10, think that the consistance of judgment matrix is acceptable, otherwise reply judgment matrix does suitable correction;
F. the weight that above-mentioned steps obtains each first class index and two-level index is repeated;
The general computing formula providing weight and weight optimization combination is as follows:
w=μw 1+(1-μ)w 2
Wherein, μ (0< μ <1) is weight factor, the significance level of RS weight and MAHP weight in reflected appraisal process, and w is the weighted value under RS and MAHP combination, w 1for the weighted value under RS, w 2for the weighted value under MAHP;
The weight of index
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