CN1050645C - A soft settling structure and method for setting the same - Google Patents

A soft settling structure and method for setting the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1050645C
CN1050645C CN 95197663 CN95197663A CN1050645C CN 1050645 C CN1050645 C CN 1050645C CN 95197663 CN95197663 CN 95197663 CN 95197663 A CN95197663 A CN 95197663A CN 1050645 C CN1050645 C CN 1050645C
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China
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building
water
ground
soft
ballast case
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CN1176675A (en
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中濑明男
小泽良夫
正木范昭
伊势村邦郎
寺师昌明
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Nikken Sekkei Ltd
Nikkensekkei Ltd
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Nikken Sekkei Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a building which is built from a soft bottoming building (1, 3 or 4) and is installed under water and on the ground by improving or slight digging with a ground improvement. The present invention comprises a plurality of ballast boxes (12) which can carry out water injection and freely adjust water quantity; the soft bottoming building is arranged on the ground under water under the following conditions, namely that the water quantity in the ballast boxes (12) is adjusted to make the total weight of the building comprising the weight of the water in the ballast boxes (12) larger than the buoyant force of the building in a bottoming state; although the buoyant force of the building in the bottoming state is changed, land subsidence can not be caused; the building is bottomed under the water by proper contact pressure, and the proper contact pressure is sufficient enough to bear the deformation caused by horizontal force.

Description

Soft end building and mounting method thereof
The present invention relates to depression neither non-rising again to the surface end state be installed in soft the end building of ocean or bottom, other waters, and this soft the mounting method of end building.Soft the end building of completion has the function that is equivalent to the land building, can also be used as infrastructure except house facility and recreational facilities, comprises that production base, the thin out water of seawater distill facility and refuse disposal factory etc.
The conventional method of constructing marine structure is divided into two kinds roughly.A kind of is to add that by " filling " or by " draining is filled " traditional architecture thing on land builds at sea, produces a slice soil at sea.Another kind is that afloat building is floating.In the method for filling, build a dike along the land of filling of expection, filling the bad subsoil that the seabed is improved in the zone, building construction on the ground of filling up the zone formation that surrounds with sand, soil etc.Fill in the method in draining, in the shallow water of coastal waters, build a dike,, be similar to the building build work of the method for filling again from the regional draining that surrounds.In floating method, make the building floating thing float over the sea by buoyancy simply, be anchored on the seabed simultaneously.
In above-mentioned each method, with the method for filling build building be form fill land and improve if desired after, carry out and the normally similar build work of build of land building.Therefore, building is in this case resisted wind, trend etc. in intact man-hour as the land building.On the other hand, need just can begin constructing of building after a large amount of man-hours and the building costs.In addition, also might run into the land subsidence that passes in time, perhaps the liquefaction danger when earthquake takes place.In addition, when the area that is adjacent to land accretion was filled, the soil that has filled can be pulled to the soil that newly fills.Therefore, the existing facility in land accretion is easy to take place the different phenomenon of depression.Therefore, be difficult to enlarge the scale of filling according to filling method.
Fill method according to draining, because the native face that fills is positioned at or is lower than the sea, thereby the safety of building opposing disaster depends on the reliability of dike.But because earthquake or storm tide when destroyed, building is in unprotected state when dike.In addition, similar to the method for filling, as the preparation that building is built, repair dike, draining will spend the plenty of time.
Building and ground, seabed according to floating method are separated, and therefore directly are not subjected to the influence of seismic forces, also depression can not take place.Therefore, the ability of the antiseismic destruction of this building is very high.But because this building swims in the sea, thereby wind or trend make it shake easily.This building floating thing has stable defective, in the worst situation, the danger of drift, sinking or overturning is arranged.In addition, when enlarging construction zone, the stiffness of building descends relatively.But as long as building swims in the sea, building is subjected to the influence of trend always, is easy to take place local disordered motion.Therefore, can not obtain the building of the big area of plane.
As mentioned above, the conventional method except that floating method needs very farm labourer's phase just can make the building completion inevitably, thereby causes the many problems that comprise environmental protection.That is to say that after the construction work completion, the building site can not return to original state.
In view of above-mentioned prior art, the applicant has proposed a kind of building and mounting method thereof in the open text of Japan Patent 4-85410 number, so that overcome the weakness in the conventional method.According to this technical scheme, water is as ballast, adjust the deadweight of building, thereby the contact pressure of building is adjusted on the degree that needs, the building of ballast is installed on the seabed of excavation like this, thus building on the seabed the end, can not float to the surface, also not depression, and the horizontal force that keeps stable state to cause with opposing earthquake, wave and trend etc.Therefore, the advantage of this building and mounting method thereof is not only to have shortened the duration, reduced building costs, and obtained afloat tight security and stability.But the stability of not depression or maintenance opposing horizontal force just depended on the effect of ground excavation after this building was installed.Therefore, quite big seabed scope to be excavated, in the worst situation, even this engineering can not be realized according to size of state of ground or other condition such as water surface excursion and wave pressure etc.
In addition, by being adjusted in the mode of the water yield in each ballast case, can guarantee the horizontal stability in floating state and the horizontal stability of completed construction thing in end state in haul or building.But, when only being provided with a pair of ballast case in one direction, be difficult to guarantee that building is perpendicular to the stability on the direction of two ballast casees.
The present invention is that starting point is made with the foregoing invention, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind ofly to keep stablizing the building at the end according to the technology that is different from foregoing invention, and the mounting method of this building.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, ground soft end building comprises a kind of building at the bottom: one on water-bed ground the ballast case at the end, the water yield that stores in the described ballast case is regulated; A substructure that is connected in the ballast box top in the underwater; A superstructure that is installed on the substructure, at least a portion of described superstructure are positioned at water surface top; Wherein, the water-bed ground under described ballast case makes the tamping yield stress on ground become σ through improving to increase the ground intensity of opposing building gross weight yWater in the described ballast case is subjected to regulating to satisfy following relational expression:
(1)(W1+W2-γ wV)/A＞0
(2)Δσ+σ o＜σ y
W1 is soft the gross weight of end building in the formula, and W2 is the weight of water in the ballast case, and V is the volume of building submergence part, γ wV represents to act on the buoyancy on the submergence part, and A is illustrated in the surface area under the ballast case, and Δ σ is the stress that relational expression (1) produces, σ oIt is the selfweight stress on water-bed ground.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, ground soft end building comprises a kind of building at the bottom: one on water-bed ground the ballast case at the end, the water yield that stores in the described ballast case is regulated; A substructure that is connected in the underwater on the ballast box top; A superstructure that is installed on the substructure, at least a portion of described superstructure are positioned at water surface top; Wherein, the described water-bed ground under the described ballast case makes the tamping yield stress on ground become σ through improving to increase the ground intensity of opposing building gross weight yWater in the described ballast case is subjected to regulating to satisfy following relational expression:
(1)(W1+W2-γ wV)/A＞0
(2)Δσ max+σ o＜σ y
W1 is soft the gross weight of end building in the formula, and W2 is the weight of water in the ballast case, and V is the volume of the submergence part of building, γ wV represents to act on the buoyancy on the submergence part, and A represents the surface area under the ballast case, Δ σ MaxBe in response to the maximum stress of the variation of described water surface elevation, σ according to relational expression (1) oIt is the selfweight stress on water-bed ground;
Thereby soft end building remains on the water-bed ground and bears the horizontal force that the water wave produces and can not cause the sedimentation on ground.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a kind of method that soft end building is installed may further comprise the steps: on land or body plan waterborne soft end building, described soft end building comprises a ballast case that is used to store the water yield of needs, substructure on top that is connected the ballast case, and a superstructure that is installed on the substructure, at least a portion of described superstructure is positioned at the top of the water surface; Soft end building is dragged to the candidate waters is installed with what be configured to; The water-bed ground of improvement under described ballast case with increase opposing soft the ground intensity of end building gross weight; And soft end building is installed on the water-bed ground, finish soft end building under the following conditions: the water yield in the ballast case is regulated to such an extent that make soft end building keep end state, non-rising, do not cause surface settlement even water surface elevation changes yet, and with the suitable contact pressure that is enough to bear the horizontal force that the water wave causes on water-bed ground the end.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a kind of method that soft end building is installed may further comprise the steps: on land or body plan waterborne soft end building, described soft end building comprises the ballast case, a substructure that is connected in the ballast box top and the superstructure that is installed on the substructure that are used to store the water yield of needs, and at least a portion of described superstructure is positioned at water surface top; Soft end building is dragged to the candidate waters is installed with what be configured to; The water-bed ground of improvement under described ballast case with increase opposing soft the ground intensity of end building gross weight; And soft end building is installed on the water-bed ground to finish soft end building; The water yield in the control ballast case is to satisfy following relational expression:
(1)(W1+W2-γ wV)/A＞0
(2)Δσ+σ o＜σ y
W1 is soft the gross weight of end building in the formula, and W2 is the weight of water in the ballast case, and V is the volume of building submergence part, γ wV represents to act on the buoyancy on the submergence part, and A is illustrated in the surface area under the ballast case, and Δ σ is the stress that relational expression (1) produces, σ oBe the selfweight stress on water-bed ground, σ yIt is the tamping yield stress on water-bed ground after described improvement.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a kind of method that soft end building is installed may further comprise the steps: on land or body plan waterborne soft end building, described soft end building comprises the ballast case, a substructure that is connected in the ballast box top and the superstructure that is installed on the substructure that are used to store the water yield of needs, and at least a portion of described superstructure is positioned at water surface top; Soft end building is dragged to the candidate waters is installed with what be configured to; The water-bed ground of improvement under described ballast case with increase opposing soft the ground intensity of end building gross weight; And soft bottom structure is installed on the water-bed ground to finish soft end building; The water yield in the control ballast case is to satisfy following relational expression:
(1)(W1+W2-γ wV)/A＞0
(2)Δσ max+σ o＜σ y
W1 is soft the gross weight of end building in the formula, and W2 is the weight of water in the ballast case, and V is the volume of the submergence part of building, γ wV represents to act on the buoyancy on the submergence part, and A represents the surface area under the ballast case, Δ σ MaxBe in response to the maximum stress of the variation of described water surface elevation, σ according to relational expression (1) oIt is the selfweight stress on water-bed ground; σ oIt is the described improvement tamping yield stress on ground afterwards;
Thereby soft end building remains on the water-bed ground and bears the horizontal force that the water wave produces and can not cause the sedimentation on ground.
According to the present invention, the contact pressure of building is to regulate by the water as the ballast case, and the water-bed ground that is used to install is done to improve slightly and do not do too much excavation, similar with the open 4-85410 number disclosed invention of text of Japan Patent, building is installed in the bottom, neither float to the surface, do not cause harmful depression yet, thereby make building firmly with external force such as impedance such as wave, trend and earthquakes, and easy generation problem can prevent that overturning, sinking, drift etc. from installing building in the waters time, thereby solved all problems in conventional method.
Building can be installed in water-bed going up and not depression with submerged state under the following conditions, that is, will be in ground the stress (selfweight stress that this stress is caused by this degree of depth top soil deadweight and the subsidiary stress sum decision that causes by the contact pressure of building in this degree of depth) of certain depth regulate to such an extent that be no more than tamping yield stress on the ground of this degree of depth.But add the mode of excavated earth as required by the buoyancy of any regulating action on the building of the ballast case that is provided with a plurality of water fillings, the above-mentioned stress in ground can be set on the level that needs.Add the mode that upper ground surface improves by improving ground or excavated earth slightly, can make the tamping yield stress be higher than above-mentioned stress in the ground.
The underground stress that the external force that not caused by building etc. influences at certain depth be by this degree of depth above until the soil deadweight decision of ground surface.When making subsidiary stress (contact pressure) be applied on the ground surface owing to building construction, just the stress in the ground below building increases the amount corresponding to the contact pressure that is applied.On the other hand, the subsidiary stress that is applied on the ground surface is propagated by ground, along with acting on than on the more vast area of the floor area of building to the increase of the distance (degree of depth) of building.Therefore, the underground subsidiary stress under building relies on the degree of depth to increase and reduces, thus the increase that alleviates underground stress.Even constructing of building makes underground stress increase an excessive value, before building, underground stress reaches certain value, and ground just begins depression.The stress that is enough to begin depression is called the tamping yield stress.From the young ground of geology, owing to be substantially equal to the underground stress that the soil deadweight causes as the tamping yield stress of the threshold that begins depression, thereby subsidiary stress slightly just can make land subsidence.On the other hand, on geology, say in the old ground,, thereby exist little subsidiary stress ground also can not begin depression in some cases because the tamping yield stress is higher than stress in the ground that soil deadweight causes.
In other words, building can be installed in the bottom and not depression under the following conditions, promptly, after building is constructed,, stress in the ground is in the scope less than ground tamping yield stress according to some method, perhaps, after building is constructed, increase greater than stress in the ground in order to make the tamping yield stress, some improvement method is implemented on ground.Particularly comprehensive above-mentioned two kinds of conditions, the effect maximum.
When the building infield water surface changed, buoyancy increased with water surface elevation, and therefore, contact pressure reduces.On the other hand, contact pressure reduces with the water surface increases.Therefore, the balance between stress and the tamping yield stress is changed in the above-mentioned ground.But, by change changing the water yield in the ballast case according to the water surface to keep the constant mode of building contact pressure, perhaps by making in the ground difference between the stress and ground tamping yield stress in the water surface changes the contact pressure excursion that causes, always be enough to satisfy the mode of above-mentioned condition, can deal with the variation of above-mentioned balance.In the following description, the permission contact pressure of above-mentioned changes in balance is called suitable contact pressure, and the tamping yield stress that above-mentioned changes in balance allows is called suitable tamping yield stress.
As mentioned above,, perhaps add the mode of adjusted ballast, can guarantee stress in the suitable ground by excavated earth by the mode of the buoyancy of any regulating action on the building that is provided with a plurality of ballast casees that can water filling.On the other hand, add the mode that upper ground surface improves, can guarantee suitable tamping yield stress by improving ground or excavated earth slightly.Can make the tamping yield stress increase to suitable value by a kind of soil improvement method, above-mentioned soil improvement method comprises prestrain method, chemosetting method, sand heap compacting etc., and the combination of said method or add ground excavation.
Building can have in the building infield on ground under the condition of enough big shearing resistance and to be installed in the bottom with submerged state and not because of nonsteady behaviors such as horizontal force such as wave level generation in the horizontal direction slippages.As long as by improve ground or slightly excavated earth add upper ground surface and improve the intensity that guarantees the building infield, make building with suitable contact pressure on the face of infield the end, above-mentioned condition just can be met.
Since building with suitable contact pressure on the water-bed ground of suitable intensity the end, thereby the foundation structure external force that can cause by ground frictional force opposing wind, wave and the trend that acts on the infield is avoided slippage and is shaken.On the other hand, similar to the open 4-85410 number disclosed building of text of Japan Patent, because building can slide with respect to the ground of infield, or can cause suitable shear strain in undersurface part, thereby external force such as earthquake is isolated by less relatively frictional force and building, thereby reduce the input of external force to building.Therefore, building can be stablized by oneself, and the various disturbances of resisting reduce the possibility of accidents such as overturning, depression, drift to greatest extent.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention, improve in advance ground slightly to improve the tamping yield stress on ground, regulate the water yield in the ballast case simultaneously to obtain suitable contact pressure, under these conditions, building can be installed in the state that immerses and depression not take place.In the method for filling, owing to fill the subsidiary stress that the weight of sand, soil causes, that is, the contact pressure that acts on the seabed is high, and stress substantially exceeds the tamping yield stress on ground in the ground.The excessive amount of stress is equivalent to from the seabed pressure that produced to soil weight that fills top thickness and soil weight sum corresponding to the thickness that fills sea bottom surface depression the step in the ground.Therefore, even stress deducts the buoyancy that acts on the soil and is still excessive in the ground.As the countermeasure of this situation, if, so, carry out high cost of this need of work and very long duration for improving ground tamping yield stress or improving ground earlier.In addition, when large tracts of land was filled, significant stress increase extended to very dark stratum.Even on the outmoded ground of geology, the stress in deep also can surpass ground tamping yield stress in the ground therefore.But improve ground, thereby big depression president time remaining owing to can not divide to deep very.
On the other hand, irrelevant with the degree of depth of the infield of soft end building, be limited in minimum desired value by regulating the subsidiary stress that ballast can apply building.Therefore, improve on the ground that only need increase the tamping yield stress on ground slightly, and perhaps only needing slightly, excavated earth adds the upper ground surface improvement.Therefore, compare, can significantly reduce building costs and reduction of erection time with the situation of improving ground according to the method for filling.In addition,, make its mode that is no more than the tamping yield stress in the deep on the outmoded ground of geology, can also avoid dark edaphic long-term depression by the control contact pressure.
Text 4-85410 number disclosed according to Japan Patent, the water-bed excavation, and ballast is conditioned, so that with the contact pressure of building control the pressure that causes less than the weight of being excavated the soil go, thereby can prevent from ground, to be deeper than the increase of stress of the degree of depth of the bottom of excavating, thereby satisfy the condition that stress in the ground is no more than the tamping yield stress.But when thinking that the ground strength deficiency of the excavation bottom determined like this is with the horizontal force of resistant function on building, perhaps, when the water surface altered a great deal, the bottom should be excavated to such an extent that be deeper than the level that prevents that depression is required.Therefore, in some cases, can unnecessarily increase building, thereby increase building costs.On the other hand,,, improve ground simultaneously improving the tamping yield stress on ground, thereby can freely improve the situation on ground in advance, comprise that building resists the stability of horizontal force because ground intensity can improve according to the present invention.Therefore needn't excavate the bottom, perhaps only need to excavate slightly.
With end state, soft the end building of constructing under suitable contact pressure on the bottom (hereafter is SLS) 1 (or 3 or 4: label and drawing reference numeral are corresponding) is a kind of part or most of the immersion under water, and is installed in building on the bottom with end state.Building (SLS1,3 or 4) comprises can water filling and the ballast case (one or more) of the free adjustment water yield.
Can guarantee in the floating state end of before and the horizontal stability of the building in end state by the ballast case on a plurality of each direction that is arranged in two horizontal directions.
Basic building (single SLS1 or 3 or the combination of SLS1 and SLS3) the end at the bottom, constitute a substructure, a upper building is installed on the substructure, stretches out from the water surface, thereby can constitute a building that can have a production function, accommodations etc.
Each a plurality of basic building (SLS1) or building (SLS3) that upper building all is housed connects into a man-made island with coherent condition, and it has jumbo various facility.Specifically, continuous in the plane when basic building (SLS1 and/or SLS3), when extending on aspect one or two, building (SLS1 and/or SLS3) can freely link to each other or be separated from each other.Therefore, when building has been formed a man-made island, the scale that can enlarge or dwindle man-made island arbitrarily.Therefore, this building is suitable for constructing the various infrastructure that comprise the production function, and building can have various uses.In addition, when a plurality of buildings annular links to each other, when constituting the man-made island with inner tranquil waters, this besieged waters can be used for various purposes.
When building (SLS1 and/or SLS3) in the plane with parallel cross or circular groups altogether the time, the installation waters of building (SLS4) is divided into inside and outside waters.In this case, inner tranquil waters can be used as aquafarm, seawater recreational facilities etc.Specifically, when the building annular connects, and when the water surface in the waters, inside that is surrounded by containment building (SLS4) is regulated to such an extent that be lower than the water surface in the outside waters of building (SLS4), power (ring is pressed) is directed to adjacent basic building (SLS1 or SLS3), thereby building is contacted with adjacent building.Equally, when the inner peripheral surface of building (SLS1 or SLS3) joins for circle continuously, and when the water surface in inner waters was regulated to such an extent that be lower than outside waters, power (arch meets arching) was guided in a circumferential direction to disperse external force (as hydraulic pressure).Because these power that are directed, the stability of building (SLS4) opposing external force is improved.
The mounting method of building (SLS1,3 or 4) is described now.
Building (SLS) can be hauled in floating state under the following conditions to it candidate locations is installed, that is, building is a kind of shape, is enough to obtain the buoyancy corresponding to building (SLS) gross weight when it immerses desired depth in water; The waters that is used to haul building is deeper than above-mentioned desired depth.On the other hand, building can be installed in the bottom under the following conditions, that is, building can prevent that to water surface come-up this condition is that the gross weight of building (SLS) is greater than the buoyancy on the building (SLS) that acts on the building installation ground degree of depth.
Building have a plurality of can water filling with any regulating action under the condition of the ballast case of the buoyancy on the building (SLS), use same building can satisfy above-mentioned two kinds of conditions.
Soft end building (SLS1) is installed or is implemented in the following manner by the substructure of constructing and a kind of method of being contained in soft the end building (SLS3) of upper building on the substructure by building (SLS1).That is, water-bed ground is enhanced or excavates slightly and adds the upper ground surface improvement, makes that when finishing the installation of these buildings (SLS1 and/or SLS3), ground has the suitable tamping yield strength above the needs of stress in the ground.On the other hand, on land or building construction waterborne (SLS1 and/or SLS3), haul is to the candidate waters is installed then, perhaps, in the candidate waters is installed, construct,, regulate the water yield in the ballast case simultaneously to reach suitable contact pressure then by the end at the bottom to the water filling of ballast case.
A kind of method of installing by substructure and being installed in the building (SLS3) that the upper building on the substructure constitutes is implemented in the following manner.That is, improve water-bed ground or slightly excavated earth add upper ground surface and improve, make that when finishing the installation of building (SLS3) ground has the suitable tamping yield strength above the needs of stress in the ground.On the other hand, substructure or be equipped with the part upper building substructure partly or entirely on land or waterborne constructing, haul is to installing the candidate waters then, perhaps construct in that the candidate waters is installed, then by to the water filling of ballast case on the bottom the end.Thereafter, on the bottom in the end state, the remainder of building construction to be to finish the installation of basic module, regulates the water yield in the ballast simultaneously to keep suitable contact pressure.Also can construct by the building (SLS4) that a plurality of buildings (SLS3) constitute by repeating said process.
The mounting method of soft the end building (SLS1) that is made of the building (SLS1 and/or SLS3) of a plurality of connections is implemented in the following manner.That is, improve water-bed ground or slightly excavated earth add upper ground surface and improve, ground is had surpasses the suitable tamping yield stress that is surpassing the needs of stress in the ground when building is installed finishing.On the other hand, according to the building (SLS1) of claim 1 or 2 or according to the structure (SLS3) of claim 3 partly or entirely on land or waterborne constructing, haul is to the candidate waters is installed then, perhaps construct in installation candidate waters, connect when the water yield in the ballast case keeps floating by regulating then, then in the ballast case water filling so that the end at the bottom.The remainder of building construction then, so as on the bottom finish the installation of building (SLS4) in the end state, regulate the water yield in the ballast case simultaneously to keep suitable contact pressure.
Difference according to the method for the present invention and the traditional method of filling is that water-bed naturally ground is just partly improved, that is, water-bed ground almost is that former state is used, and simultaneously, water-immersed substructure is in advance on land or waterborne constructing.Therefore, according to the present invention, after building was installed at the bottom, the remainder of building was then constructed on the water, thereby job step decreased number generally.In addition, the work of building site obtains simplifying, and has saved building costs, has shortened the duration of building in the waters.
In addition, building (SLS1 and/or SLS3) on land or place waterborne is constructed and in the waters, install in case on the bottom the end.Therefore, when when building (SLS) no longer can be used safely or finish its task, building can be according to opposite step dismounting to recover the original state of project site.Therefore, can protect near the environment in infield, reaching during building can damage to the environment after the building of complete building.
Brief Description Of Drawings is as follows:
Fig. 1 is a kind of soft stereogram of end building (SLS1) of expression, and it can install and be in a ratio of in the waters of the big degree of depth with water-immersed bulk, also from the function of feature expression ballast;
The sectional view of Fig. 2 represents to adopt the state of the SLS3 that a SLS1 shown in Figure 1 installs;
The sectional view of Fig. 3 is represented the state of the SLS that installs by the mode that connects a plurality of SLS1 shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 4 is the plan view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the plan view of expression SLS4, and this SLS4 has the free space that obtains from the space of the SLS1 that connects each Fig. 1;
The schematic diagram of Fig. 6 represents to be used for the feature of each SLS1 of the SLS4 of Fig. 5;
The sectional view of Fig. 7 is represented the connection of the structure of a plurality of adjacent S LS1;
Fig. 8 is illustrated in the method for ballast case of the SLS1 of a plurality of Fig. 1 of connection waterborne;
Fig. 9 is illustrated in the structure of the structure on the ballast case of connection shown in Figure 8;
Figure 10 is a profile of representing how to improve water-bed ground;
Figure 11 is the profile that is illustrated in the state of the SLS1 that the water surface connects;
Figure 12 is the profile of the state of the SLS4 of Figure 11 when representing the end of in the presence of;
Figure 13 is the profile of the superstructure of building on SLS1;
Figure 14 is the partial enlarged view of Figure 13;
The sectional view of Figure 15 is represented the execution stream of structure work when the superstructure precast;
The sectional view of Figure 16 is represented the structure of SLS4 when excavate slightly on water-bed ground;
Figure 17 is the plan view of Figure 16;
The schematic diagram of Figure 18 is represented the relation between load, buoyancy and the contact pressure of SLS3 each part when end state is installed;
The plan representation of Figure 19 is the SLS4 when parallel cross makes up as SLS1 and/or SLS3;
The plan representation of Figure 20 is as SLS1 and/or the fashionable SLS4 of SLS3 circular groups;
Figure 21 is the sectional view of Figure 20;
Another embodiment of the SLS4 of the plan representation annular combination of Figure 22;
The sectional view of Figure 23 represents that the SLS4 shown in Figure 19,20 and 22 etc. sets up adapter to guarantee safe state;
The stereogram of Figure 24 is represented a kind of SLS1, and wherein the ballast case is combined in the structure;
The bird's eye view drawing of Figure 25 is represented a kind of SLS4, wherein is provided as a plurality of SLS1 that substructure is connected with annular;
Figure 26 is the stereogram of cutting open of Figure 25.
Fig. 1 and 24 expression soft end building 1 (hereinafter claiming SLS1) of the present invention.Be installed in the free space that reaches among the little basin in building at SLS1 and guarantee to reduce in the situation of water-bed ground, SLS1 is substantially according to constructing as shown in Figure 24.SLS1 in this case comprises space 12 ' (hereinafter being called the ballast case) of establishing for each ballast case, and it and a free space are combined in the structure, ballast case 12 ' can water filling, and also can the free adjustment water yield.
On the other hand, be installed among the big basin and have in the situation of enough free spaces at SLS1, SLS1 resembles as shown in Figure 1 substantially and constructs.SLS1 in this case comprises some ballast casees 12 of a bottom that is arranged in SLS1 and contains free space and be arranged in structure 11 on the ballast case.The ballast case has only the ballast function of a water filling and the free adjustment water yield.SLS1 in the back in a kind of situation also can comprise the ballast case 12 that is combined in as required in the structure 11 ', as shown in Figure 2.
SLS1 comprises can water filling and the ballast case 12 of the free adjustment water yield, 12 ', be installed on the bottom with end state, reason buoyancy come-up is not to the surface, also not because of ground compacting depression, this be by improve water-bed ground or slightly excavated earth add and improve ground, regulate simultaneously ballast case 12,12 ' in the water yield realize.Therefore, SLS1 can build the static structures that becomes in the waters.
SLS1 of the present invention comprises a plurality of ballast casees 2, be arranged on each in two water directions so that realize particularly the quick condition of SLS1 and in the horizontal direction stability in the end state.Fig. 1 represents to satisfy the SLS1 as minimal modules of above-mentioned requirements.
SLS1 is as soft the minimal modules of end building 3 (hereinafter being called SLS3), and it comprises SLS1 and the superstructure 2 of building on SLS1, and as what constitute by SLS3 soft the minimal modules of end building 4 (hereinafter being called SLS4).
SLS3 of the present invention comprises the substructure and the superstructure of building on SLS1 of being constructed by SLS1.SLS3 is installed on the bottom under the following conditions, promptly, each ballast case 12,12 ' in the water yield regulate to such an extent that make the weight of the weight that comprises SLS1, superstructure 2 and as total deadweight of the SLS of the weight of the water of ballast case buoyancy greater than the SLS3 in end state; Even changing, the SLS3 buoyancy in end state do not cause land subsidence yet; And SLS3 bears with suitable being enough under the contact pressure of the distortion that horizontal force causes and installs with end state.Fig. 2 represents to use the embodiment of the SLS3 that SLS1 shown in Figure 1 constructs.
SLS4 of the present invention is made of SLS1 or SLS3 substantially.Wherein, a plurality of SLS1 or 3 make up on one or two direction and are connected.The embodiment of the SLS4 that Fig. 3 to 5 and 13 expressions are constructed like this.
SLS1 comprises a ballast case 12 that is arranged in planar central, or a plurality of ballast case 12, and it is arranged in two horizontal directions each, as shown in Figure 1 equably.Even comprise in the situation of a ballast case 12 that at single S LS1 as long as ballast case inside is divided into a plurality of spaces by the next door, single ballast case in this case just is equivalent to a plurality of ballast casees 12.Position relation between the number of ballast case 12 and ballast case 12 and the structure 11 is to determine as the situation of structure according to the SLS3 that how will comprise superstructure 2 or by the SLS4 that SLS3 constitutes.
Structure based on the SLS4 of SLS1 shown in Figure 1 is described now.
The structure of SLS1 is built in the composite construction of reinforced concrete structure (comprising pre-cast concrete structures), steel work or reinforced concrete structure and steel work.Constructing of ballast case is similar to structure, perhaps oversite concrete on box hat.
SLS1 shown in Figure 1 makes by following mode, that is, will be connected with the connector 13 shown in 4 by Fig. 3 for regulating buoyancy requisite number purpose ballast case 12, and on ballast case 12 construction structure body 11.
A plurality of SLS1 are connected in the part as shown in Figure 7 of structure, so that constitute SLS4.Wherein, a flat shape freely stretches on one or two direction as shown in Figure 5.Fig. 6 represents to constitute the sample of the SLS1 of SLS4 shown in Figure 5.In passing, when the space below SLS4 needn't be connected water surface, a plurality of SLS1 can be connected in the part of superstructure 2,2.
The structure 11 of SLS1 shown in Figure 1 is made of base plate 111 and sidewall 112.As shown in Figure 6, sidewall 112 is at adjacent SLS1, and the contact portion between 1 is partly cut, perhaps and do not require and depend on SLS1 position in the plane.Corresponding to the traffic route of inner space or usage space how.Six styles of SLS1 shown in Figure 6 are arranged in the mark of the mark of the position on Fig. 5 corresponding to style.Water-stop band 14 is laid on adjacent S LS1, on the butting surface of 1 structure 11,11, to intercept water.In addition, because structure 11 itself is to be made of forming the shape of casing base plate 111 and sidewall 112, thereby the hydraulic pressure that acts on around should resisting of the structure of SLS.Therefore, inner space and superstructure 2 are constructed and are not considered the influence of external force.
Fig. 7 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 3, expression adjacent S LS1, the coupling part between 1 the structure 11,11.As shown in Figure 7, two structures 11,11 are connected, so that the concrete 16 of filling between tensional element 15 that can be by being used to bear pulling force and two structures transmits pulling force and pressure.In this connection status, can prevent adjacent S LS1, the unordered behavior between 1.The hydraulic pressure that is used for keeping connection status generally is that the pulling force of pine oil connection status is owing to wave and high wind etc. produces from effect is so that make the mutual butt of the SLS1 of continuous layout on every side, thereby the SLS1 of continuous layout is separated from each other.But in according to coupling part of the present invention, concrete 16 can be resisted hydraulic pressure, and tensional element 14 can be resisted pulling force.
Consult Fig. 8 to 12 that carries out situation that every work in the situation of SLS1 shown in Figure 1 is used in expression respectively now, describe the SLS4 that constitutes by a plurality of SLS1 and carry out overview from the work that is being connected to the end.
SLS1 shown in Figure 1 can make haul afterwards to the candidate waters of installing in suitable place on land fully.Perhaps, ballast case 12,12 can be in the flat water or the candidate waters of installation connect with quick condition, as shown in Figure 8, be installed on the bottom at end state then, so that construction structure body 11.Structure 11 also can be constructed on the ballast case 12 of quick condition, as shown in Figure 9.
A plurality of SLS1 can independently connect behind the end.Perhaps, a plurality of SLS1 can connect in quick condition, as shown in figure 11.
SLS1 independent or in each ballast case 12, immerse in groups in the water after the water filling, the end with interconnective state then, shown in Figure 12 and 3.The water injection rate end of the time in the ballast case 12 of SLS1 should be regulated, and the gross weight of assembly 1 that makes the weight that comprises water is greater than the buoyancy of SLS1 in end state; Even make the SLS1 in end state when buoyancy changes, also not make land subsidence; And make SLS1 under the suitable contact pressure that is enough to bear the distortion that horizontal force causes, be installed on the bottom with end state.
On the other hand, by improve water-bed ground or slightly excavated earth add the mode that upper ground surface improves and can obtain water-bed ground needed suitable tamping yield stress or intensity.Ground can be improved according to following method: displacement method, and perhaps the compacting that carries out except the unfavorable foundation subsoil that is generally supporting land structure, the mixing method of mixed chemical stabilizing agent, evaporation or coagulation, or the combination of said method.
Figure 10 represents the sand drain method, wherein, when forming sand pile 6, sand pad 5 is laid on is used to install soft the candidate bottom of end building, and soil and sand or rubble mound are placed on the sand pad 5, applies a load to the bottom.But according to the present invention, compare with the situation of improving ground according to method of filling etc., just ground is improved a little, this is because building is limited to the minimum appropriate value that can not reduce to the contact pressure on ground, this is to realize that by the weight of regulating as the water of ballast this point will describe in detail hereinafter.Ground also can be improved according to above-mentioned other method.Depend on the subaqueous soil condition, improve the method on ground and can select arbitrarily.In the situation of Figure 10, after the time of the stackable needs of rubble mound 7 that are in the leveling state, the improvement on ground is promptly accused and is finished.
Except said method, the auxiliary part of carrying out ground in ground is excavated or piling also can guarantee needed suitable tamping yield stress in water-bed ground or intensity together with improving.In this case, after improving ground, partly excavated earth or piling.But, to compare with the situation of carrying out work on land, this local excavation or piling are auxiliary works, just carry out slightly.In addition, will ground excavation not arrive the open needed the sort of degree of 4-85410 number disclosed method of text of independent date of execution this patent.Figure 16 and 17 is illustrated in slightly and excavates soft the structure of end building in the water-bed situation.
Should satisfy following condition (seeing Figure 18) at the SLS3 at the end and the contact pressure scope between the bottom through regulating.
Contact pressure between SLS3 water-bed and that be made of SLS1 and the building 2 constructed on the SLS1 can be by ((W 1+ W 2+ W 3)-γ w.V) by the quotient representation of A except that gained, wherein, (W 1+ W 2+ W 3)-γ w.V representative is as the gross weight W of the SLS1 of underwater structures 1, inject be contained in assembly 1 on the weight W of water of ballast case 12 2Gross weight W with upper building 2 3Sum (W 1+ W 2+ W 3) with the underwater portion of SLS3 that is acting on end state on buoyancy γ w.V poor, the area of A representative under the SLS1 that installs.When on SLS1, constructing upper building 2 when finishing the building of SLS3, if the merchant who obtains like this no matter the water surface how to change all be on the occasion of, just can prevent that SLS3 from floating to the surface.In this case, the γ w unit of representative water is heavy, and V represents the volume of the immersion part of SLS3.
As mentioned above, contact pressure P is according to formula ((W 1+ W 2+ W 3)-γ w.V)/A obtains.At the Δ σ of stress increment under water that causes by contact pressure P with by the selfweight stress σ of the underwater portion of soil deadweight decision oSum is less than tamping yield stress σ yCondition under, that is, and at σ o+ Δ σ＜σ yCondition under, can prevent because the depression that causes of compacting.When V changes with water surface variation, at σ oWith peaked stress increment Δ σ corresponding to contact pressure P MaxSum is less than tamping yield stress σ yCondition under, that is, and at σ o+ Δ σ Max＜σ yCondition under, can prevent land subsidence.
By improving ground, or excavated earth adds and improves ground slightly, regulates ballast (that is, the water yield in the ballast case 12) simultaneously to satisfy the mode of above-mentioned formula, can obtain suitable contact pressure or suitable tamping yield stress.
On the other hand, when the ground of infield intensity be by improve ground or slightly excavated earth add upper ground surface and improve when obtaining, the SLS1 of upper building 2 or SLS3 are housed can easily resist the power that wind, wave or trend cause and the horizontal movement that causes.The size of the horizontal forces such as pressure of wave is directly proportional with the area of the side of buildings that influenced by horizontal force.But because the area under the installation of resistance and building is directly proportional, thereby the safety of SLS1 or SLS3 improves along with the increase of the planning of building.
Mention in passing, when being subjected to big load such as earthquake, this external force can prevent by the slippage with respect to water-bed ground of the shear strain that causes on water-bed ground or building to the transmission of building.
On SLS1, construct in the time of to appear at vertical load eccentric on the horizontal plane in the process of upper building 2, need to regulate the water yield in each ballast case 12, thereby the gross weight of building is evenly distributed in the plane to avoid the overturning of different depression, inclination and building.
The improvement on water-bed ground or excavate with the manufacturing of the SLS1 shown in Fig. 8 and 9 parallel, perhaps with as shown in figure 11 until SLS1, the building operation of 1 connection walks abreast.SLS1 or SLS4 that upper building in progress 2 is housed are hauled to the candidate waters of installing, and ground is enhanced or excavates there.Then, to 12 water fillings of ballast case, make in the whole immersion water of SLS4 so as the end, as shown in figure 12.Perhaps, when constructing upper building, whole SLS4 immerse in the water in case the end.When each SLS1 hauls when the candidate waters is installed independently, on the bottom of having improved, connect SLS1,1, as shown in figure 11.
Except the dry place of land, SLS1 can make in the place in tranquil waters.Shown in Fig. 8 and 9.Therefore, if manufacturing field is located near the installation candidate waters of SLS1, so, just needn't grow distance haul SLS1.Therefore, can not need the haul process of SLS1, in addition, the manufacturing of SLS1 can be parallel with the improvement on ground, thereby can the reduction of erection time.
Figure 15 is illustrated in the flow process of constructing upper building on the SLS1.As shown in figure 14, when constructing upper building, as shown in figure 15, can on the structure 11 of each SLS1, comprise the mixed concrete of preparation by precast concrete.Make building operations such as precast unit and assembling thereof.Therefore, needn't be from the land transport member, thus shortened the duration.
As shown in figure 19, SLS4 is made of a plurality of SLS1 (or 3), and they are connected with parallel cross in the plane.The waters, inside that is surrounded by SLS1 or 3 constitutes tranquil waters, all-purpose inside.For example, except as aquafarm or the fish gathering place, inner tranquil waters can be as recreational facilities such as the shower place of lying fallow.
Shown in Figure 20 and 22, SLS4 is made of a plurality of SLS1 (or 3), and they connect with the closed state annular in the plane.As shown in figure 21, when regulating to such an extent that be lower than the water surface in waters of SLS4 outside by the water surface by the waters, inside of SLS4 sealing of closed state body plan, can exert all one's strength (ring press) act on the adjacent SLS1 (or 3), thereby SLS1 (or 3) and adjacent SLS1 (or 3) are compressed to be contacted, as shown in figure 20, exert all one's strength simultaneously (arch relay) act on the adjacent SLS1 (or 3), so that disperse external force such as hydraulic pressure in a circumferential direction, as shown in figure 22, according to two kinds of situations shown in Figure 20 and 22, the stability of SLS4 opposing external force is strengthened.
In preceding a kind of situation shown in Figure 20, the hydraulic pressure in the outside waters that is separated by SLS4 is higher than the hydraulic pressure in the inner waters, thereby pressure always inwardly acts on the SLS1 (or 3) pressure reduction of its sizableness between inside and outside waters.In this state, ring is pressed and is acted on the adjacent SLS1 (or 3), thereby compressing SLS1 (or 3) makes it to contact with adjacent SLS1 (or 3).In back a kind of situation shown in Figure 22, though SLS4 has square periphery in the plane, but, SLS1 or 3 inner surface join continuously and are circle, therefore, from outside waters to the hydraulic pressure of inner waters effect, owing to connect and disperse in a circumferential direction along the arch in interior week, thereby press with ring and similarly to make SLS1 (or 3) pressurized and to contact adjacent SLS1 (or 3).
According to the embodiment shown in Figure 19 to 22, SLS1 (or 3) is linear to be connected, and therefore, compares with the situation of the SLS1 that is connected in the plane (or 3), is difficult to keep the connection between the SLS1 (or 3).Therefore, as shown in figure 23, a shear key 81 or an anchor 82 are embedded in the bottom of SLS1 (or 3), or retainer peace puts in order in the outside of SLS1 (or 3), or a bollard 84 is installed in the waters, the outside, with emergencies such as defence violent earthquakes.Perhaps, also can take other measure in addition as required.Figure 23 represents to set up to the embodiment of Figure 20 for safety the situation of shear key 81, anchor 82, retainer 83 and bollard 84.
The situation that Figure 25 represents to use the SLS1 of Figure 24 to construct conglobate SLS4, Figure 26 represents the section of the SLS4 of Figure 25.
This mounting method is to install by SLS1 (or 3) basically, for example, and the SLS4 that substructure that SLS1 shown in Figure 1 constructs and the upper building of constructing on substructure shown in Figure 22 constitute.That is to say that SLS1 (or 3) constructs on land or on the water, haul is perhaps constructed on the candidate waters of installing to the candidate waters of installing then.Make the SLS1 (or 3) that constructs like this end with suitable contact pressure then on the bottom, this is by realizing to 12 water fillings of ballast case.
This mounting method can be implemented in the following manner.Promptly, construct SLS1 as substructure, improve on ground to the bottom, perhaps excavate slightly and add and improve ground, make the SLS3 of the weight of water in the weight of the weight that comprises substructure, upper building 2 and the ballast case 12 or 4 gross weight regulate greater than buoyancy, even make the SLS3 of end state or 4 buoyancy change the also unlikely land subsidence that causes, and make SLS3 or 4 with suitable contact pressure on the bottom the end, above-mentioned suitable contact pressure is according to being enough to bear distortion that horizontal force causes and definite.On the other hand, SLS1 is on land or waterborne constructing, and haul is perhaps constructed in the waters of installing to the candidate waters of installing then.Then by to the water filling of ballast case, make the SLS1 that constructs like this on the bottom the end.Then, when on substructure, constructing upper building 2, regulate the water yield in the ballast case 12, the SLS3 of the water yield that comprises injection ballast case or 4 gross weight are adjusted in the scope of setting value.Therefore, in finishing its process of constructing, make upper building is installed SLS3 or 4 on the bottom install in the end state.
This mounting method can carry out in the following manner.That is, water-bed ground is improved or is excavated slightly and adds upper ground surface and improve, and the gross weight that makes the SLS4 of the weight of water in the weight of the weight that comprises substructure, upper building 2 and the ballast case is greater than buoyancy; Even make the SLS4 buoyancy of end state change the also unlikely land subsidence that causes; And make SLS4 under suitable contact pressure on the bottom the end, above-mentioned suitable contact pressure is according to being enough to bear distortion that horizontal force causes and definite.On the other hand, on land or waterborne constructing, haul is perhaps constructed in the candidate waters is installed to the candidate waters is installed then as the SLS1 of substructure.Then, the SLS1 that constructs like this connects at floating state, then by water filling in ballast case 12, make its on the bottom the end, and part or all of upper building 2 is to construct on the SLS1 of floating state by the water yield of regulating in the ballast case 12.Therefore, the SLS4 that upper building 2 is housed installs with end state on the bottom, regulates the water yield in the ballast case simultaneously, and the gross weight scope of the SLS4 of the weight that comprises the water in the ballast case is dropped in the value of setting.The process of Fig. 8 to 12 expression mounting method of the present invention.

Claims (22)

  1. A building at the bottom ground soft end building, it comprises:
    One on water-bed ground the ballast case at the end, the water yield that stores in the described ballast case is regulated;
    A substructure that is connected in the ballast box top in the underwater;
    A superstructure that is installed on the substructure, at least a portion of described superstructure are positioned at water surface top;
    Wherein, the water-bed ground under described ballast case makes the tamping yield stress on ground become σ through improving to increase the ground intensity of opposing building gross weight yAnd
    Wherein, the water in the described ballast is subjected to regulating to satisfy following relational expression:
    (1)(W1+W2-γ wV)/A＞0
    (2)Δσ+σ o＜σ y
    W1 is soft the gross weight of end building in the formula, and W2 is the weight of water in the ballast case, and V is the volume of building submergence part, γ wV represents to act on the buoyancy on the submergence part, and A is illustrated in the surface area under the ballast case, and Δ σ is the stress that relational expression (1) produces, σ oIt is the selfweight stress on water-bed ground.
  2. 2. soft end building as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the described water-bed ground under described ballast case is by comprising what one or more improvement methods in displacement method, compacting, evaporation and the coagulation were improved with the ground intensity that increases opposing building gross weight.
  3. 3. soft end building as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: be to combine with water-bed ground under excavating the ballast case by one or more described improvement methods to improve with the ground intensity that increases opposing building gross weight on the described water-bed ground under the described ballast case.
  4. 4. soft end building as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described water-bed ground under described ballast case is to improve with the ground intensity that increases opposing building gross weight by a kind of sand drain method, in described sand drain method, in ground, form a plurality of sand piles, the sand pad is set on the ground, on the sand pad, places rubble mound so that accept the ballast case thereon.
  5. 5. soft end building as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: a plurality of ballast casees are arranged in the bottom along one or more horizontal directions.
  6. 6. soft end building as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: a plurality of buildings connect freely to enlarge or to dwindle soft the whole scale of end building along one or more horizontal directions.
  7. 7. soft end building as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: a plurality of buildings closely are adjacent to connect forming annular mutually, thereby form a tranquil waters in inside.
  8. A building at the bottom ground soft end building, it comprises:
    One on water-bed ground the ballast case at the end, the water yield that stores in the described ballast case is regulated;
    A substructure that is connected in the underwater on the ballast box top;
    A superstructure that is installed on the substructure, at least a portion of described superstructure are positioned at water surface top;
    Wherein, the described water-bed ground under the described ballast case makes the tamping yield stress on ground become σ through improving to increase the ground intensity of opposing building gross weight yAnd
    Wherein, the water in the described ballast case is subjected to regulating to satisfy following relational expression:
    (1)(W1+W2-γ wV)/A＞0
    (2)Δσ max+σ o＜σ y
    W1 is soft the gross weight of bottom structure in the formula, and W2 is the weight of water in the ballast case, and V is the volume of the submergence part of building, γ wV represents to act on the buoyancy on the submergence part, and A represents the surface area under the ballast case, Δ σ MaxBe in response to the maximum stress of the variation of described water surface elevation, σ according to relational expression (1) oIt is the selfweight stress on water-bed ground;
    Thereby soft end building remains on the water-bed ground and bears the horizontal force that the water wave produces and can not cause the sedimentation on ground.
  9. 9. soft end building as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the described water-bed ground under described ballast case is by comprising what one or more improvement methods in displacement method, compacting, evaporation and the coagulation were improved with the ground intensity that increases opposing building gross weight.
  10. 10. soft end building as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: be to combine with water-bed ground under excavating the ballast case by one or more described improvement methods to improve with the ground intensity that increases opposing building gross weight on the described water-bed ground under the described ballast case.
  11. 11. soft end building as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: the described water-bed ground under described ballast case is to improve with the ground intensity that increases opposing building gross weight by a kind of sand drain method, in described sand drain method, in ground, form a plurality of sand piles, the sand pad is set on the ground, on the sand pad, places rubble mound so that accept the ballast case thereon.
  12. 12. soft end building as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: a plurality of ballast casees are arranged in the bottom along one or more horizontal directions.
  13. 13. soft end building as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: a plurality of buildings connect freely to enlarge or to dwindle soft the whole scale of end building along one or more horizontal directions.
  14. 14. soft end building as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: a plurality of buildings closely are adjacent to connect forming annular mutually, thereby form a tranquil waters in inside.
  15. 15. one kind soft the method for end building is installed, it may further comprise the steps:
    On land or body plan waterborne soft end building, described soft end building comprises a ballast case that is used to store the water yield of needs, substructure on top that is connected the ballast case, and a superstructure that is installed on the substructure, at least a portion of described superstructure is positioned at the top of the water surface;
    Soft end building is dragged to the candidate waters is installed with what be configured to;
    The water-bed ground of improvement under described ballast case with increase opposing soft the ground intensity of end building gross weight; And
    Soft end building is installed on the water-bed ground, finish soft end building under the following conditions: the water yield in the ballast case is regulated to such an extent that make soft end building keep end state, non-rising, do not cause surface settlement even water surface elevation changes yet, and with the suitable contact pressure that is enough to bear the horizontal force that the water wave causes on water-bed ground the end.
  16. 16. installation as claimed in claim 15 soft the method for end building, it is characterized in that: improve to increase the ground intensity of opposing building gross weight by one or more improvement methods on the described water-bed ground under described ballast case, and these improvement methods comprise: displacement method, compacting, evaporation and coagulation.
  17. 17. installation as claimed in claim 16 soft the method for end building, it is characterized in that: be to combine with water-bed ground under excavating the ballast case by one or more described improvement methods to improve with the ground intensity that increases opposing building gross weight on the described water-bed ground under the described ballast case.
  18. 18. installation as claimed in claim 15 soft the method for end building, it is characterized in that: the described water-bed ground under described ballast case is to improve with the ground intensity that increases opposing building gross weight by a kind of sand drain method, in described sand drain method, in ground, form a plurality of sand piles, the sand pad is set on the ground, on the sand pad, places rubble mound so that accept the ballast case thereon.
  19. 19. soft the method for end building is installed, may further comprise the steps for one kind:
    On land or body plan waterborne soft end building, described soft end building comprises the ballast case, a substructure that is connected in the ballast box top and the superstructure that is installed on the substructure that are used to store the water yield of needs, and at least a portion of described superstructure is positioned at water surface top;
    Soft end building is dragged to the candidate waters is installed with what be configured to;
    The water-bed ground of improvement under described ballast case with increase opposing soft the ground intensity of end building gross weight; And
    Soft end building is installed on the water-bed ground to finish soft end building;
    The water yield in the control ballast case is to satisfy following relational expression:
    (1)(W1+W2-γ wV)/A＞0
    (2)Δσ+σ o＜σ y
    W1 is soft the gross weight of end building in the formula, and W2 is the weight of water in the ballast case, and V is the volume of building submergence part, γ wV represents to act on the buoyancy on the submergence part, and A is illustrated in the surface area under the ballast case, and Δ σ is the stress that relational expression (1) produces, σ oBe the selfweight stress on water-bed ground, σ yIt is the tamping yield stress on water-bed ground after described improvement.
  20. 20. installation as claimed in claim 19 soft the method for end building, it is characterized in that: the described water-bed ground under described ballast case is by comprising what one or more improvement methods in displacement method, compacting, evaporation and the coagulation were improved with the ground intensity that increases opposing building gross weight.
  21. 21. installation as claimed in claim 19 soft the method for end building, it is characterized in that: be to combine with water-bed ground under excavating the ballast case by one or more described improvement methods to improve with the ground intensity of the gross weight that increases the opposing building on the described water-bed ground under the described ballast case.
  22. 22. soft the method for end building is installed, may further comprise the steps for one kind:
    On land or body plan waterborne soft end building, described soft end building comprises the ballast case, a substructure that is connected in the ballast box top and the superstructure that is installed on the substructure that are used to store the water yield of needs, and at least a portion of described superstructure is positioned at water surface top;
    Soft end building is dragged to the candidate waters is installed with what be configured to;
    The water-bed ground of improvement under described ballast case with increase opposing soft the ground intensity of end building gross weight; And
    Soft end building is installed on the water-bed ground to finish soft end building;
    The water yield in the control ballast case is to satisfy following relational expression:
    (1)(W1+W2-γ wV)/A＞0
    (2)Δσ max+σ o＜σ y
    W1 is soft the gross weight of end building in the formula, and W2 is the weight of water in the ballast case, and V is the volume of the submergence part of building, γ wV represents to act on the buoyancy on the submergence part, and A represents the surface area under the ballast case, Δ σ MaxBe in response to the maximum stress of the variation of described water surface elevation, σ according to relational expression (1) oIt is the selfweight stress on water-bed ground; σ yIt is the described improvement tamping yield force on ground afterwards;
    Thereby soft end building remains on the water-bed ground and bears the horizontal force that the water wave produces and can not cause the sedimentation on ground.
CN 95197663 1995-02-17 1995-02-17 A soft settling structure and method for setting the same Expired - Lifetime CN1050645C (en)

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