CN105064408A - Ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover - Google Patents
Ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover Download PDFInfo
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- CN105064408A CN105064408A CN201510460789.3A CN201510460789A CN105064408A CN 105064408 A CN105064408 A CN 105064408A CN 201510460789 A CN201510460789 A CN 201510460789A CN 105064408 A CN105064408 A CN 105064408A
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Abstract
Provided is an ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover. A cover body and a manhole base of the manhole cover are made of ultra-high performance concrete and steel bars. The cover body and the manhole base are subjected to one-time pouring forming through the ultra-high performance concrete comprising steel fibers, polymer fibers or mineral fibers respectively. The cover body is of a round cover structure with the upper surface being a plane and the lower surface being a curved surface. Reinforcing steel bars are arranged on the lower portion of the cover body and parallel to the lower curved surface. According to the shape of the lower curved surface of the cover body, the center of the round cover body is the thickest, the thickness is gradually reduced to the edge, and the thickness is gradually increased from the position close to the cover edge supporting face. The ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover has the advantages that through the structure design and optimization method of the ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, the material strength and toughness of the ultra-high performance concrete and the strength of the steel bars can be given to play effectively and fully utilized, and therefore the reasonable and light ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover structure with superior all-round performance is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, especially a kind of lightweight ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover.
Background technology
Ultra-high performance concrete (Ultra-HighPerformanceConcrete, be called for short UHPC), because generally need mixing of steel fiber or high-strength polymer fiber, also very-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (Ultra-HighPerformanceFibreReinforcedConcrete is called for short UHPFRC) is referred to as.UHPC is different from traditional high-strength concrete (HSC) and steel fibrous concrete (SFRC), neither the height strengthening of traditional sense " high performance concrete (HPC) ", but the new types of Cernent based structures engineering material that performance indications are clear and definite." a kind of ultra-high performance concrete-RPC " introduction UHPC that publish an article such as Tsing-Hua University professors Qin Weizu in 1999, still more use " RPC (being called for short RPC) " title in China so far.RPC is the proprietary name of a company of France, and publicity is introduced more and is widely known by the people.This kind of new material is called UHPC by French scholar DeLarrard in 1994 etc., because UHPC or UHPFRC title does not have business color, and better can express this cement-based material or concrete superior function, progressively be widely accepted and adopted.
The characteristic that the more representational definition of UHPC or needs possess is as follows: be the cement-base composite material that a kind of grating of composition material particle reaches best; Water-cement ratio is less than 0.25, the fine short Stainless-steel fibre material containing higher proportion; Compressive strength is not less than 150MPa; There is the toughness of tension state, still keep tensile strength to be not less than 5MPa(France after cracking and require 7MPa); Inside has non-intercommunicating pore structure, has the ability that very high opposing gas, liquid immerse, and compare with high performance concrete (HPC) with conventional concrete, durability can increase substantially.
UHPC belongs to modern advanced material, innovate the composite mode of cement-based material (concrete or mortar) and fiber, steel (reinforcing bar or high strength wire), increase substantially fiber and the intensity utilization ratio of reinforcing bar in concrete, made all round properties of cement based structural meterials there occurs great-leap-forward progress.Use UHPC can build the structure of high-strength light and high tenacity, thoroughly change concrete structure " fat beams and columns " state; The durability that its structure has and working life, surmount other all structural meterialss such as steel, aluminium, plastics far away.
UHPC last century late nineteen seventies originate from Denmark, eight, the nineties compares the deep research of system in Europe, and start to apply on minor works and goods.Enter this century, all UHPC is carried out research and development as novel, following or strategic engineering material in many countries such as America and Europe, Japan and Korea S, France and Japan take the lead in having formulated design guidelines.At present, the preparation of UHPC, production, construction and prefabricating technique have been tending towards ripe, structural performance and design specifications are in development and improve process, and the application of engineering structures and goods constantly makes further progress, and regularly hold international UHPC/UHPFRC seminar and carry out academic exchange.
The preparation of UHPC and enhancing, toughness reinforcing principle
Last century, some experimental studies of early seventies confirmed, improved the compactness of cement paste, effectively can improve intensity.The DSP(DensifiedSystemwithultra-fineParticles of Denmark scholar professor H.H.Bache development) theoretical, that is: be filled in cement granules with the ultra-fine grain (silicon ash) of fully dispersion to pile up in the space of system, realize particle packing densified.By the peptizaiton of high efficiency water reducing agent, it is the space that water is filled that silicon ash particle fills the space i.e. a large amount of script occupied between cement granules, thus significantly reducing the void content of solid particle accumulation and the water requirement of slurry, DSP system can make water-cement ratio be reduced to the ultra low levels of 0.10 ~ 0.20.Use high-strength aggregate, the compressive strength of DSP original concrete can reach 280MPa, but fragility is very large; Use Stainless-steel fibre toughness reinforcing (i.e. UHPC), compressive strength can reach the maintenance of 400MPa(normal temperature simultaneously).Further more afterwards, France uses the RPC (RPC) of high-pressure molding and HTHP (pressure is steamed) maintenance, and most high compressive strength reaches 800MPa.
The DSP matrix of high compact and the compactness at steel fibre interface also very high, interface binding intensity is greatly improved, and makes steel fibre in DSP matrix, improve tension, bending resistance, cracking resistance and toughening effect and is fully played.
With DSP theory preparation ultra high strength concrete, it is an important breakthrough of concrete technology.MDF cement (the MacroDefectFree that same time occurs, macroscopic view zero defect cement, with polymer-filled cement paste hole and crack), SIFCON(SlurryInfiltratedFibreConcrete, the concrete of pre-fill steel fibre cement injection fine sand slurry), also can obtain the very high strength of materials and toughness, but the former needs roll-in or extruded, the latter is difficult to make steel fibre form three-dimensional accumulation, application is subject to severely restricts, can only be used for so far making small articles.DSP theory realizes higher compactness, only needs select suitable high-quality raw material and carry out mixtures optimal design, does not need to use special process, by traditional mixing plant and vibratory compaction method, just can produce with shaping.Therefore, based on the UHPC of DSP theory preparation, the practical stage is entered quickly.
Nowadays, can prepare self-compaction UHPC, pre-manufactured product and cast in situs more convenient.Although the technological approaches of preparation UHPC presents variation with use material now, the basic principle followed does not become, and namely particle composition will make compactness maximize with match ratio.
The mechanical property of UHPC
Simple superelevation compressive strength, often along with " superelevation fragility ", is not meaned " very-high performance "." the superelevation mechanical property " of UHPC is more mainly reflected in superelevation tensile strength (uniaxial tension and bending and tensile strength) and high tenacity, and this dependence adds short fiber to realize.The straight smooth round steel fiber of early application diameter 0.15 ~ 0.4mm, length 6 ~ 12mm, the tensile strength of UHPC can be brought up to 30MPa, energy to failure reaches 1,500 ~ 40,000N/m(steel fibre volume content 2% ~ 12%), make UHPC stride into toughness, (energy to failure is more than 1,000J/m for the ranks of high-toughness material
2be divided into toughness material).Now, use abnormity, particularly reverse shape high-strength steel fiber, the tensile strength of UHPC, deformability, toughness or energy to failure can be improved further.In addition, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber of high-strength and high-modulus is also for the enhancing of UHPC and toughness reinforcing; Polyethylene (PP) fiber is for improving the refractory ability of UHPC.
The resistance to compression of UHPC and tensile strength significantly surmount other cement-based material.In deformability, UHPC can realize at relatively low fiber level " strain hardening " behavior that stretches, and namely many microcracks, appear in single shaft tension experience elastic stage, and fiber drawing-resistant function starts; Tensile stress rises subsequently, enters the stiff strain hardening stage (" surrenders " of similar steel); Reach the rear maximum tension stress (tensile strength) of cracking, occur that indivedual crack is in local expansion, tensile stress declines afterwards, enters softening stress-displacement stage." strain hardening " is the key character of toughness material, embody short fiber reinforced toughening efficiency " matter " change, only have ECC(high ductility cement-base composite material at present) and UHPC can realize " strain hardening ".Namely common and high-intensity fiber concrete (FRC, HSFRC) cracking softens, and fibre strength fails effectively to play, therefore improves the limited use of toughness.The UHPC that Stainless-steel fibre is toughness reinforcing, then the beam (CRC or HRUHPC beam) made with high tensile reinforcement or steel strand Application of composite, bending bearing capacity close to girder steel level and bending resistance behavior is similar, higher intensity/mass ratio and rigidity/mass ratio can be realized.In conjunction with prestressing technique, UHPC also has larger potentiality for building the structure of large span or high-strength light, high-ductility, has developed multiple bridge construction so far.
The durability of UHPC and sustainable development
Another performance of UHPC most attraction is potential superelevation durability.Theoretically with according to experimental study so far, substantially can determine: the problem that UHPC does not have Frozen-thawed cycled, alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF) to destroy; In uncracked condition, the anti-carbonization of UHPC, resisting chloride ion penetration intrusion, resisting erosion of sulfate, resist chemical, the endurance quality index such as wear-resisting, compared with traditional high-strength high-performance concrete (HSC/HPC), have the raising of the order of magnitude or multiple.But the not resistance to nitric acid ammonia corrosion of UHPC, because steel fibre can very fast corrosion.
UHPC has extraordinary microcrack self-healing ability.Because water-cement ratio is very low, UHPC mixes and stirs the water yield only can supply part of cement aquation, and the inside of most cement granules is in does not have hydrated state.Therefore, water or steam enter the crack of UHPC, and the non-aquation part of cement granules being exposed to fracture faces " will continue " aquation; The hydrated product volume combining outside moisture is greater than cement and who knows volume, and additional volume can cram crack.Test and engineering verification show, the crack self-healing of UHPC can not only be closed microcrack and reduces permeability and keep good durability, also plays the effect of " cementing " crack simultaneously, recovers the mechanical property that concrete reduces because of crack to a certain extent.
In the endurance quality of UHPC, the corrosion of surperficial steel fibre attracts people's attention always.Steel fibre topping near surface is very little, also possibility exposing surface, and at moist or corrosive atmosphere (environment such as villaumite, acidity), surperficial steel fibre has the very fast danger that corrosion occurs.The test of current 10 ~ 15 years and Practical Project are observed and are shown; as long as steel fibre is exposing surface not, the closely knit matrix of UHPC can effectively protect steel fibre not corrosion, and the corrosion of exposing surface steel fibre does not expand to inside; be only limitted to surface, but can surface aesthetic be affected.Therefore, for the UHPC structure having decoration functions, need to take measures to prevent steel fibre from exposing or using not corrosion fiber.
Compared with steel work, the advantage of UHPC structure is high-durability and does not almost have maintenance cost, and easily reaches building fire protection requirement.Compared with traditional reinforced concrete structure, UHPC structural life-time can significantly improve.According to theory analysis, existing exposure test and Practical Project assay, expection UHPC structural life-time, in corrosivity natural environment, (as marine environment) can more than more than 200 years; 1000 can be reached at non-corrosive environment (as urban architecture).Relatively conservative day this guide is thought, under normal environment for use condition, the design working life of UHPC structure is 100 years.Carbonization in durability, steel fibre and corrosion of steel bar, Frozen-thawed cycled, sulfate attack and alkali-aggregate reaction belong to inspection-free project, but heavily chemical attack and fire resistance are the projects needing inspection.
Use cementitious material CI bi(binderintensity) and concentration of carbon index ci(CO
2intensity) Eco-efficiency indicators of two cement applications is evaluated, and UHPC belongs to the concrete that peak efficiency uses cementitious material or cement, is also the concrete material of most low-carbon (LC) simultaneously.Compared by the calculating of concrete engineering structure, can material-saving, the energy-conservation and emission reduction effect of quantitative analysis UHPC.Such as, (material and the structure of two bridges are different to contrast the beam slab one road bridge of typical girder steel-reinforced concrete bridge deck plate composite construction road bridge and UHPC door type beam, length, width are identical with function), quantitative analysis shows: UHPC bridge material-saving volume is 24%, and material-saving weight is 35%; Energy-conservation 54%; Reduce and directly discharge CO
2with global warming potential GWP(equivalent CO
2discharge) reach 59% and 44% respectively.
The application of UHPC, make a general survey of the research of UHPC in the world, development and apply, leading country differs from one another, brief introduction is as follows: the research of Denmark has novelty most, more be applied in now in wind-power tower connection, building structure lightly attractive in appearance, as balcony, stair, curtain wall, building heat preservation system etc.; The research scale of France is large, participation unit is many, the value of UHPC is shown to the world, lead the development in many-side application, as bridge, building structure and curtain wall, anatomical connectivity, Long Life Pavement etc., wherein the Ductal product of Lafarge is applied at world wide; The research of Germany is exhaustive from microcosmic to macroscopic view, comparatively fast for the production of manufacture multiple product, as drilled pile drill bit (substituting cast steel), lathe base, building vertical column etc.; The research of America & Canada is compared and is absorbed in bridge and relevant practical technique, has developed multiple UHPC highway bridge and bridge deck system, and UHPC has started to connect for bridge deck more and more and quick bridge construction or bridge maintenance; The research and apply of Switzerland is leading in concrete structure maintenance and reinforcement, is becoming a kind of best approach and obtain more application with UHPC maintenance and reinforcement highway bridge; UHPC treats as " 21 century engineering material " by Japan, carries out the practice of more comprehensive research and apply, achieves the application in the new maritime runway major works of Tokyo Haneda Airport; Korea S's investigation and application system in bridge is goed deep into, and within a short period of time forms more complete design and production construction and application technique file (standard criterion); The cable channel cover plate (RPC cover plate) of the application mainly high-speed railway of China; Etc..
The value of UHPC and potentiality
From birth to today, UHPC experienced by the development of 35 years.From initial Densit commercially produced product, there is the product line that RPC, BSI, Ductal, CEMTEC, BCV etc. are numerous in development.Nowadays, UHPC takes off Mysterious Veil, is developing into the engineering material of new generation of easily preparation production and practical application.UHPC application study is in the ascendant, beam is so far pulled in the application such as rod structure, thin-walled thin shell structures, maintenance and reinforcement, function or decoration element, demonstrate firm, durable, attractive in appearance, the superiority such as material-saving, low-carbon (LC), low maintenance cost, revolutionize the looks of concrete structure or steel work.Value and the potentiality of UHPC are embodied in: superhigh intensity and toughness, impossible or Novel light high-strength structure before can building; The structural timber of durability significantly beyond tradition, makes UHPC structure have overlength working life and low-maintenance maintenance cost, obtains the life cycle cost (LCC, LifeCycleCost) lower than traditional structure; Give full play to the performance advantage of UHPC, in some applications, likely reduce the comprehensive construction cost of structure or engineering; The structure that application UHPC builds, has significant material-saving, energy-conservation and emission reduction effect, is conducive to sustainable development.
Research application so far shows, UHPC substitutes cast steel, cast iron and stainless steel and manufactures high-strength, corrosion resistant product or structure, is one of application that effectively can utilize UHPC performance and fully demonstrate UHPC value.
The implementation of prior art
Manhole cover is made up of well lid and well seat, and on road, use frequently can be subject to motor vehicles and rolls and impact, and therefore manhole cover needs higher structural strength and shock resistance; Manhole cover damage or loss, can serious harm pedestrian, non-maneuver and motor vehicles safety, therefore need well lid durable and antitheft.In addition, well lid needs very stably to be placed on well seat, prevents people, garage produces when walking on well lid and beat and noise.
Manhole cover is divided into manhole (people will enter) and non-manhole (nobody enters) two kinds by specification.Inhuman hole specification does not specify, manhole specification is pressed the clean perforate (CO, ClearOpening) of well seat and is divided into 600mm, 700mm, 800mm and 900mm tetra-class, and wherein the most frequently used manhole cover is CO=600mm and 700mm.In addition, standard has also made regulation to the gradient, well seat supports face width degree etc. of well lid insert depth and lateral margin, well lid design demand fulfillment corresponding requirements.Well lid shape mostly is circular most, and what other use was more is square and rectangle.
The material that current making manhole cover uses is mainly cast iron (ductile iron and grey cast-iron), steel fibrous concrete and polymer matrix composite.Also have consideration or invention UHPC to make well lid, the patent found as follows (these patents all use " RPC " i.e. RPC title):
CN2755183 " manhole lid with concrete active powder ": this well lid is formed by being provided with integrally formed fish-bellied type ball-crown body between position, the center of circle and round platform Outer annular strip bottom the endless belt of round platform, round platform outer, round platform, the fish-bellied type ball-crown body being positioned at position, the center of circle bottom round platform is the maximum gauge of well lid, and does the setting of thickness-tapered shape gradually to endless belt, round platform outer with curved; Individual layer steel mesh reinforcement skeleton is provided with in the fish-bellied type ball-crown body of well lid.
CN202672190U " a kind of manhole cover " (utility model, effectively): well lid comprises steel limit, stirrup, RPC structure.It is characterized in that: intersect in cylinder steel limit and be provided with stirrup; RPC structure is filled with in the housing of steel limit.
CN203034488U " a kind of well lid " (utility model, effectively): this well lid is tabular, be made up of RPC, for alleviating the weight of described well lid and guaranteed strength, being provided with fin in its bottom surface, being also provided with through hole, be beneficial to open, while guarantee well lid intensity, significantly can save material, there is lightly slim design feature.
Above-mentioned three utility model patents are all considered and utilize UHPC(RPC) intensity, but all identical in mentality of designing or in the theory of materials'use with the present invention, the manhole cover structure therefore obtained is completely not different.The present invention is by analyzing the worst static loaded state of well lid, by the thinking giving full play to most UHPC and reinforced steel bar strength, as far as possible minimizing material usage and weight, establish the complete method of manhole cover structure optimal design (being applicable to different brackets design optimization), the lightweight obtained, nodal wood type manhole cover structure are different from the structure that CN2755183 conceives, and the methods alleviating well lid weight with CN203034488U are also different.
The manhole cover used the earliest, adopts timber to make well lid, due to timber measurement poor stability (wet rise drying shrinkage amplitude large) and supporting capacity is low, the life-span is short, does not re-use now.Traditional manhole cover is cast iron quality, comprises grey cast-iron and ductile iron.Grey cast-iron intensity is lower, fragility is comparatively large, and the manhole cover of making is heavier, and use amount is reducing gradually.Ductile iron intensity and toughness are all higher, can produce the manhole cover that mechanical property is best, are used to the manhole cover of most of C250 and D400 grade.The subject matter that cast iron class manhole cover faces is lost, and therefore usually cause severe traffic accidents.Although take many kinds of measures antitheft now, as mounting shaft cover antitheft lock, door chain, antitheft hinge or concealed type well lid etc., all fundamentally cannot stop casting iron well lid and lose problem.
Another method avoiding well lid stolen be use recovery value little material---steel fibrous concrete and polymer matrix composite are to make well lid.Although can be effectively antitheft, the manhole cover that this two classes material makes, the shortcoming in performance also clearly.Steel fibrous concrete (SFRC) although Toughness Ratio ordinary concrete increases, but still is unable to undergo collision, impacts, and corner is easily damaged; Also have SFRC well lid to arrange stirrup at edge to protect corner, but stirrup is very easy to corrosion, the same deterioration of well lid is very fast.In addition, the insufficient strength of SFRC is high, and need the supporting capacity that just can reach C250 class requirement compared with heavy thickness, well lid weight is very large.Polymers or polymer matrix composites, particularly glass fiber reinforced plastic (galss fiber reinforced resin) class material, can reach very high tension, flexural strength, produce lighter manhole cover, but weather-proof or loss of properties on aging, supporting capacity decays with the aging of polymer or resin.Owing to there is these shortcomings, this two classes material is only limitted to the manhole cover making C250 and following grade.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lightweight ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, this well lid ultra-high performance concrete strength of materials and toughness and reinforced steel bar strength can be effectively played and make full use of, thus obtain rationally, the excellent ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover structure of lightweight, all round properties.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, the well lid of this manhole cover and well seat adopt ultra-high performance concrete and reinforcing bar to make, and well lid and well seat are shaping with the ultra-high performance concrete one-time-concreting containing steel fibre, polymer fiber or mineral fibers respectively; The round manhole cover structure that well lid upper surface is plane, soffit is curved surface, reinforcing steel bar is located at well lid bottom, parallel with soffit curved surface, and the shape of well lid soffit curved surface is that round manhole cover center is the thickest; Thinning gradually to edge; Thickness is increased gradually again close to well lid edge support surfaces.Well seat size and well lid suitable, form of structure be divided into directly holds formula design or adjustable structure design.
A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, its production method step is:
1) moulding form of well lid and well seat is made respectively; 2) steel bar meter, shearing, bending and cage of reinforcement are welded; 3) the fibrous ultra-high performance concrete mix of mixing; 4) lay cage of reinforcement in mould, build UHPC mix, respectively shaping well lid and well seat; 5) normal temperature moisture-keeping maintaining is to reaching demoulding strength; 6) demoulding; 7) well lid and well seat are 80 ~ 100
othermal curing in C steam or water; 8) product inspection, stack or dispatch from the factory.
The invention has the advantages that: use ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover structure design and optimization method of the present invention, the ultra-high performance concrete strength of materials and toughness and reinforced steel bar strength can be effectively played and make full use of, thus obtain rationally, the excellent ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover structure of lightweight, all round properties.Ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover solves the problem such as breakage, durability well, and all round properties is significantly better than high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete and polymer-base composite material cover for inspection manhole.Compared with castiron well cover, manufacture ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, effectively can reduce the life cycle cost of CO2 emission, energy consumption and manhole cover, social benefit is remarkable.Use the ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover (well lid and well seat) that the present invention designs and produces, mechanical property (supporting capacity/weight ratio and toughness) can reach the level of ductile iron manhole cover, and standard is to the requirement of C250 and D400 grade, the characteristics such as durability, antitheft, antiskid are then better than castiron well cover comprehensively, expection is the manhole cover of all round properties the best, wide market.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the static loaded state of well lid least favorable of a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover of the present invention and the initial flat panel well lid generalized section of manhole cover structure design optimization
Fig. 2 is the manhole cover structure generalized section of a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is formula of directly the holding well holder structure generalized section of a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the self-adjustable well holder structure generalized section of a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover of the present invention;
Fig. 5 be a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover of the present invention with well seat in conjunction with schematic diagram.
In figure:
1-well lid; 2-well seat; 3-ultra-high performance concrete; 4-reinforcing bar; 5-carries out the well lid soffit curved surface after structure optimization; 6-carries out the well lid soffit plane before structure optimization; 7-reinforcing bar strengthens ultra-high performance concrete layer (HRUHPC).
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, well lid 1 and the well seat 2 of this manhole cover adopt ultra-high performance concrete 3 and reinforcing bar 4 to make, and well lid and well seat are respectively with shaping containing steel fibre, polymer fiber or mineral fibers one-time-concreting; The round manhole cover structure that well lid 1 upper surface is plane, soffit is curved surface 5, reinforcing steel bar 4 is located at well lid bottom, parallel with soffit curved surface.The shape of well lid soffit curved surface 5 is according to the static loaded state of well lid least favorable and obtains by minimum weight optimization; Round manhole cover center is the thickest, thinning gradually to edge, increases thickness gradually again close to well lid edge support surfaces, with the well lid insert depth met the demands.
Well seat size and well lid suitable, form of structure is divided into directly holds formula design (well seat bearing surface be positioned at bottom) and adjustable structure designs (well seat bearing surface is positioned at top outer rim).
A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, its production method and processing step are: the moulding form 1) making well lid and well seat respectively; 2) steel bar meter, shearing, bending and cage of reinforcement are welded; 3) mixing UHPC mix (fibre-bearing); 4) lay cage of reinforcement in mould, build UHPC mix, respectively shaping well lid and well seat; 5) normal temperature moisture-keeping maintaining is to reaching demoulding strength; 6) demoulding; 7) well lid and well seat are 80 ~ 100
othermal curing in C steam or water; 8) product inspection, stack or dispatch from the factory.
The basic principle of the UHPC manhole cover (well lid and well seat) of Design and optimization of the present invention and making: under the prerequisite meeting C250 and D400 grade supporting capacity, material is minimum, the lightest optimal design of weight by using for well lid, and well seat is by meeting detailing requiments design.Well lid is lightweight, is convenient to staff and opens.
1) basic mechanical performance that manhole cover UHPC material require reaches is designed and produced
The compressive strength of UHPC matrix material is generally at 150 ~ 250MPa.Adopt Stainless-steel fibre, the uniaxial tension test of UHPC can be made to reach 10 ~ 30MPa, depend on UHPC matrix strength, steel fibre volume volume, steel fiber size and shape.The UHPC(adopting reinforcing bar to strengthen and high reinforcement ratio UHPC, is called for short HRUHPC), bending and tensile strength can reach 100 ~ 400MPa, is decided by reinforcement ratio and reinforced steel bar strength.
Make lightweight manhole cover, should working strength and the higher UHPC of toughness, and high-strength HRUHPC.The present invention considers the UHPC material used: uniaxial tension test is in 20 ~ 30MPa scope, and the bending and tensile strength of HRUHPC is in 100 ~ 150MPa scope.In well lid design optimization example, benchmark UHPC uniaxial tension test adopts σ
uHPC=25MPa(is straight micro-steel fibre volume content about 6%); HRUHPC tensile strength sigma
hRUHPC=120MPa, uses common or high strength cast iron, well lid tensile region (HRUHPC layer) reinforcement ratio per unit volume 8 ~ 20%.
2) UHPC manhole cover structure design and optimization
The method that manhole cover standard GB/T23858, GB26537 with EN124 test well lid supporting capacity is substantially identical.For C250 and D400 grade manhole cover, rupture load (P) respectively will more than 250kN and 400kN.The load mode (Fig. 1) of this supporting capacity test, also can regard the worst stress of well lid as, as the stress that manhole cover structure is optimized.
The optimization method of manhole cover structure: the bottom of UHPC well lid is tensile region, therefore by steel-bar arrangement bottom well lid, setting protective layer thickness c(=5 ~ 10mm).In order to avoid stress is concentrated, do not consider to arrange ribs bottom well lid.Well lid original state (without optimization) is set to circular dull and stereotyped (Fig. 1), bottom is set as HRUHPC layer, thickness is that bar diameter (Φ) adds upper and lower each c thickness (HRUHPC layer thickness=Φ+2c, namely the symmetrical HRUHPC layer centered by steel bar layer), this layer thickness remains unchanged, curvature allows in optimizing process change, and the maximum tension stress allowed in layer is σ
hRUHPC; Top is UHPC layer, and upper surface is fixed, and thickness can optimize change, and the maximum tension stress of permission is σ
uHPC.Adopt finite element analysis, the UHPC layer thickness of round manhole cover is optimised, finally forms optimizing structure of Fig. 2.
Citing: manhole cover structure Optimization Steps and enforcement, for conventional circular D400 grade, CO=600mm manhole cover:
Setting thickness of protection tier c=10mm, uses Φ 10mm reinforcing bar, then HRUHPC layer thickness=Φ+2c=30mm; According to standard GB/T23858 or EN124 requirement, supporting surface width design is 25mm, insert depth 50mm, edge taper 10%, and the basal diameter of the initial disk of such well lid is 650mm, end face diameter 660mm(650+2x50x10%); Well lid support section is well lid detailing requiments, and size and dimension immobilizes; The permission maximum tension stress of setting well lid top UHPC layer is σ
uHPC=25MPa, the permission maximum tension stress of bottom surface URUHPC layer is σ
hRUHPC=120MPa; Well lid loaded state is upper surface center Φ 250mm border circular areas well-distributed pressure is P=8.15MPa, and soffit peripheral annual face supports (Fig. 1).
Because be circular symmetric structure, adopt two-dimensional FE analysis; Meet use commercialization finite element software calculating and optimization manhole cover structure under above-mentioned condition, finally obtain the optimization manhole cover structure (use minimum amount, weight are the lightest) of Fig. 2.After optimization, the UHPC well lid of this D400 grade, CO=600mm, volume about 16 liters, weight are about 50kg, and weight is substantially identical with ductile cast iron manhole cover of the same type.
3) UHPC well holder structure design
The UHPC that well seat uses reinforcing bar to strengthen equally, the target at quantity of reinforcement and arrangement of reinforcement position is for meeting structure shearing resistance requirement.The main detailing requiments considering that well lid is installed and well seat is installed of well holder structure design, and the needs installing locking device are set.Fig. 3 is for directly to hold formula structure UHPC well seat, and well seat bearing surface is positioned at bottom.Fig. 4 is self-adjustable structure UHPC well seat, and well seat bearing surface is positioned at top outer rim.This two types well seat is identical with the function of corresponding ductile iron well seat, but UHPC is cement-based material, UHPC well seat and periphery material particularly the compatibility of pavement asphalt concrete or compatibility better.
Claims (3)
1. a ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, it is characterized in that: well lid (1) and the well seat (2) of this manhole cover adopt ultra-high performance concrete (3) and reinforcing bar (4) to make, and well lid and well seat are shaping with the ultra-high performance concrete one-time-concreting containing steel fibre, polymer fiber or mineral fibers respectively; The round manhole cover structure that well lid (1) upper surface is plane, soffit is curved surface (5), reinforcing steel bar (4) is located at well lid bottom, parallel with soffit curved surface; The shape of well lid soffit curved surface (5) is that round manhole cover center is the thickest, thinning gradually to edge, increases thickness gradually again close to well lid edge support surfaces.
2. ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover according to claim 1, is characterized in that: well seat size and well lid suitable, form of structure is divided into directly holds formula design or adjustable structure design.
3. ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover according to claim 1, its step manufactured is:
1) moulding form of well lid and well seat is made respectively;
2) steel bar meter, shearing, bending and cage of reinforcement are welded;
3) the fibrous ultra-high performance concrete mix of mixing;
4) lay cage of reinforcement in mould, build ultra-high performance concrete mix, respectively shaping well lid and well seat;
5) normal temperature moisture-keeping maintaining is to reaching demoulding strength;
6) demoulding;
7) well lid and well seat are 80 ~ 100
othermal curing in C steam or water;
8) product inspection, stack or dispatch from the factory.
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| CN201510460789.3A CN105064408B (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2015-07-31 | A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover |
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| CN105064408B CN105064408B (en) | 2017-06-06 |
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| CN114351768A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-15 | 金中天建设集团有限公司 | High-load adjustable anti-settling intelligent well lid and construction method thereof |
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| CN105064408B (en) | 2017-06-06 |
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