CN105060380B - 船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置 - Google Patents

船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置 Download PDF

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CN105060380B
CN105060380B CN201510420955.7A CN201510420955A CN105060380B CN 105060380 B CN105060380 B CN 105060380B CN 201510420955 A CN201510420955 A CN 201510420955A CN 105060380 B CN105060380 B CN 105060380B
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fresh water
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water collecting
water
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CN105060380A (zh
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吴巧瑞
王佼龙
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Zhejiang Ocean University ZJOU
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Priority to CN201610813153.7A priority patent/CN106277135A/zh
Priority to CN201610813155.6A priority patent/CN106365233A/zh
Priority to CN201610813171.5A priority patent/CN106219648A/zh
Priority to CN201610813152.2A priority patent/CN106277122A/zh
Priority to CN201610813154.1A priority patent/CN106277123A/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract

船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置，其特征在于：包括集热架、加热箱和淡水收集箱，所述集热架上均布安装有抛物镜；集热管安装在抛物镜上面，其两端连接有抽液泵，所述抽液泵数量为2个，两者之间连接有穿过所述加热箱的循环管道；与现有的技术相比，本发明的优点是：采用太阳能对导热油进行加热，最高可将集热管内的导热油加热到400度，通过循环管道对加热箱内的海水进行加热蒸馏，节省能源；装置简便，外形小巧，占地面积小具有节能效果，全部能源由太阳能提供，绿色环保。

Description

船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置
技术领域
本发明属于环保机械技术领域，具体涉及一种船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置。
背景技术
海水淡化即利用海水脱盐生产淡水。是实现水资源利用的开源增量技术，可以增加淡水总量，且不受时空和气候影响，可以保障沿海居民饮用水和工业锅炉补水等稳定供水。
从海水中取得淡水的过程谓海水淡化。现在所用的海水淡化方法有海水冻结法、电渗析法、蒸馏法、反渗透法，目前应用反渗透膜的反渗透法以其设备简单、易于维护和设备模块化的优点迅速占领市场，逐步取代蒸馏法成为应用最广泛的方法。
世界上有十多个国家的一百多个科研机构在进行着海水淡化的研究，有数百种不同结构和不同容量的海水淡化设施在工作。一座现代化的大型海水淡化厂，每天可以生产几千、几万甚至近百万吨淡水。淡化水的成本在不断地降低，有些国家已经降低到和自来水的价格差不多。某些地区的淡化水量达到了国家和城市的供水规模。
专利公布号CN203639186U一种余热利用海水淡化系统，其特征在于：包括顺次连接的控制器、柴油发电机、柴油机烟筒、烟气管、回收柴油发电机排烟余热的烟气换热器和海水淡化装置，柴油发电机外部设有缸套，所述缸套与海水淡化装置通过冷却水管连接；所述烟气换热器与所述柴油发电机通过烟气管路连接；所述烟气换热器与所述柴油发电机通过热水管连接。
又如专利公布号CN102765770A一种高效海水淡化机，其特征在于：它包括船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置和给水箱；所述的船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置与给水箱通过管路连接；所述的船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置是一个立式密闭容器，它包括高压水室、换热室、管板、横槽纹管、喷射器、换热面、成膜器、挡板和多根热管；所述的高压水室和换热室相邻，高压水室位于换热室上方，两室之间由管板分隔开；高压水室壁面设有海水进口，横槽纹管竖直或盘旋地穿过高压水室后通向外界；所述的喷射器、换热面、成膜器、挡板设置在换热室内，并且它们的中心线都与装置的中心线保持一致；所述的喷射器是一个空心圆锥体，喷射器下端缘竖直向下延伸至换热室底面，喷射器侧面沿圆周方向设置了多排喷孔，换热室底部设有烟气进口与喷射器空腔相通；所述的换热面是一个完全罩住喷射器的空心圆台体，换热面下端缘竖直向下延伸至换热室底面，换热面与换热室底面和侧面构成汇水槽，换热室底部设有排污口与汇水槽相通，换热面内表面为光滑面，换热面外表面为敷有金属多孔层的粗糙面；所述的成膜器是由两根同心竖管相套在一起而组成，内管分别与换热面上端缘和横槽纹管相连接，外管上端缘与管板开孔端缘连接，下端缘处在换热面上端缘上方位置，并且在内外管之间形成的狭窄夹层通道中设置轴向旋流叶片；所述的挡板是由圆台形隔热罩和与隔热罩上端缘连接的一段竖管组成，竖管上端缘处在管板的下方位置并高于成膜器外管的下端缘，挡板处于换热面的上方且在成膜器的外侧，挡板下端缘与换热室壁面连接并构成淡水槽，换热室壁面设有淡水出口与淡水槽相通，并在挡板上方的换热室壁面设有抽气口；所述的多根热管布满于管板面上，并贯穿于高压水室和换热室的挡板上方所在空间，各根热管外壁都与管板的开孔端缘连接，处在换热室所在空间的热管段外表面开出具有V形剖面的纵槽。
目前，在现有的船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置主要分为两大类型：1、被动式太阳能蒸馏系统主要缺点：1)蒸汽的潜热未被重新利用；2)海水的热容量太大；3)装置内自然对流模式限制了装置性能的提高；2、主动式太阳能蒸馏系统主要缺点：1)装备造价相对较高；2)需要耗费一定的电能，不利于边远海岛居民使用。同时，上述两种方式均需要消耗电能来带动设备运转淡化，这样会消耗大量能源，对于航行中的船舶来说，这样负担较大。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的缺点，提出了船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置，该装置通过太阳能对导热油加热，对海水进行蒸馏，产生淡水，速度快，不需要能源，环保。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置，其特征在于：包括集热架、加热箱和淡水收集箱，所述集热架上均布安装有抛物镜；集热管安装在抛物镜上面，其两端连接有抽液泵，所述抽液泵数量为2个，两者之间连接有穿过所述加热箱的循环管道；
所述加热箱内顶部安装有集水布，淡水收集管安装在所述集水布下方，所述淡水收集管与集水布之间均布连接有输水条，所述淡水收集管上均布开设有圆孔，输水条的滴水端穿过圆孔延伸到淡水收集管内部，所述淡水收集管与排水管连通；所述淡水收集管下方还设有过滤网，过滤网材料为尼龙；
所述排水管与淡水收集箱相连接，输水泵安装在加热箱上，输水泵与加热箱之间连接有供水管路，所述加热箱上安装有液位计，输水泵与液位计之间连接有信号传输线，出水管连接在淡水收集箱下方。
所述加热箱还连接有输气管，所述输气管出气口连接有汽轮机，发电机的旋转轴与汽轮机相连接。所述发电机侧边安装有配电柜，蓄电池组安装在配电柜内，发电机与配电柜连接有输电线路组。汽轮机底部设有凝结器，凝结器的另外一端连接有积水排除管，所述积水排除管连接有过滤箱，过滤膜安装在过滤箱内，所述过滤箱底部安装有排水管三。
优先地，还包括信号发射器，所述信号发射器与输水泵和液位计之间均连接有信号线路组。所述液位计为电子液位计。
优先地，所述淡水收集箱上也设有液位计，液位计与信号发射器之间连接有信号传输线路。
优先地，所述集水布从四边到中间水平高度逐渐降低，淡水收集管从中间向两边倾斜。
优先地，所述循环管道在加热箱内部设有分支管道，所述分支管道均布连接在循环管道的上方。
与现有的技术相比，本发明的优点是：采用太阳能对导热油进行加热，最高可将集热管内的导热油加热到400度，通过循环管道对加热箱内的海水进行加热蒸馏，节省能源；装置简便，外形小巧，占地面积小具有节能效果，全部能源由太阳能提供，绿色环保。
附图说明
现在接下来借助于实施例的附图来对本发明进行简短的描述。附图中：
图1示出了本发明船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置的结构布置示意图；
图2示出了本发明船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置另一个视图方向的结构布置示意图；
图3示出了本发明集热架的结构布置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
如图所示，船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置，包括集热架3、加热箱13和淡水收集箱19，所述集热架3上均布安装有抛物镜6；集热管5安装在抛物镜6上面，其两端连接有抽液泵1，所述抽液泵1数量为2个，两者之间连接有穿过所述加热箱13的循环管道10。抽液泵1外部安装有调节闸门2，抛物镜6为圆弧形，多个抛物镜6通过集片9安装集成形成圆弧形，并通过螺钉8与集片9锁紧连接固定，抛物镜6两端按轴心均布设有定位孔7，用于调节集热管5偏移角度。
加热箱13内顶部安装有集水布14，淡水收集管21安装在所述集水布14下方，所述淡水收集管21与集水布14之间均布连接有输水条18，集水布14和输水条18材料为尼龙，淡水收集管21上均布开设有圆孔，输水条18的滴水端穿过圆孔延伸到淡水收集管21内部，所述淡水收集管21与排水管12连通；排水管12优先采用铝管，集水布14从四边到中间水平高度逐渐降低，淡水收集管21从中间向两边倾斜，输水条18的的长短不同，从两边到中间长短越来越短。所述循环管道10在加热箱13内部设有分支管道40，所述分支管道40均布连接在循环管道10的上方，循环管道10和分支管道40优先采用铜管。所述淡水收集管21下方还设有过滤网41，过滤网材料为尼龙；过滤网41通过扣件扣在加热箱13内部。
排水管12与淡水收集箱19相连接，输水泵15安装在加热箱13上，输水泵15与加热箱13之间连接有供水管路，所述加热箱13上安装有液位计11，输水泵15与液位计11之间连接有信号传输线，出水管20连接在淡水收集箱19下方。还包括信号发射器16，所述信号发射器16与输水泵15和液位计11之间均连接有信号线路组。所述液位计11为电子液位计。另外，淡水收集箱19上也设有液位计，液位计与信号发射器16之间连接有信号传输线路。加热箱13还连接有输气管42，所述输气管42出气口连接有汽轮机48，发电机49的旋转轴与汽轮机48相连接。
汽轮机48通过蒸汽的推动带动发电机49发电，汽轮机48底部设有凝结器46，输水管45连接在凝结器46一端，其上面设有水泵三44。凝结器46的另外一端连接有积水排除管47，蒸汽推动汽轮机48发电之后进入汽轮机48底部被凝结器46凝结成水，通过积水排除管47排除。所述积水排除管47连接有过滤箱52，过滤膜54安装在过滤箱52内，所述过滤箱52底部安装有排水管三53。凝结器46凝结成的水通过积水排除管47排入到过滤箱52内进行在过滤使用，过滤膜54通过挂扣扣合在过滤箱52内。所述发电机49侧边安装有配电柜50，蓄电池组51安装在配电柜50内，发电机49与配电柜50连接有输电线路组。蓄电池组51储存电能供外部用电设备使用。
本发明公开的这种船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置，工作原理是这样的，首先通过输水泵15向加热箱13内输送海水，输水泵15为PLC控制电机，液位计11自动检测水位高度，并时刻发送信息给输水泵15。同时集热管5内注有导热油，抛物镜6将太阳能的热量集中到集热管5上对导热油进行加热，导热油最高可加热到400摄氏度，抽液泵1将加热的导热油送入循环管道10内，这样导热油进入加热箱13内为海水加热，使其沸腾产生蒸汽。
蒸汽向上运动并在集水布14上面凝结形成淡水，由于集水布14从四边到中间水平高度逐渐降低，通过重力作用，水向低处流去，水在流动过程中顺着输水条18下降进入淡水收集管21内再排入排水管12内，淡水最终通过排水管12进入淡水收集箱19内聚集，若需要使用淡水，通过出水管20排出即可，出水管20上面安装有手动闸门，可控制出水大小。

Claims (1)

1.船舶用太阳能海水淡化发电装置，其特征在于：包括集热架(3)、加热箱(13)和淡水收集箱(19)，所述集热架(3)上均布安装有抛物镜(6)；集热管(5)安装在抛物镜(6)上面，其两端连接有抽液泵(1)，所述抽液泵(1)数量为2个，两者之间连接有穿过所述加热箱(13)的循环管道(10)；
所述加热箱(13)内顶部安装有集水布(14)，淡水收集管(21)安装在所述集水布(14)下方，所述淡水收集管(21)与集水布(14)之间均布连接有输水条(18)，所述淡水收集管(21)上均布开设有圆孔，输水条(18)的滴水端穿过圆孔延伸到淡水收集管(21)内部，所述淡水收集管(21)与排水管(12)连通，所述淡水收集管(21)下方还设有过滤网(41)，过滤网材料为尼龙；
所述排水管(12)与淡水收集箱(19)相连接，输水泵(15)安装在加热箱(13)上，输水泵(15)与加热箱(13)之间连接有供水管路，所述加热箱(13)上安装有液位计(11)，输水泵(15)与液位计(11)之间连接有信号传输线，出水管(20)连接在淡水收集箱(19)下方；
所述加热箱(13)还连接有输气管(42)，所述输气管(42)出气口连接有汽轮机(48)，发电机(49)的旋转轴与汽轮机(48)相连接，所述发电机(49)侧边安装有配电柜(50)，蓄电池组(51)安装在配电柜(50)内，发电机(49)与配电柜(50)连接有输电线路组；汽轮机(48)底部设有凝结器(46)，凝结器(46)的另外一端连接有积水排除管(47)，所述积水排除管(47)连接有过滤箱(52)，过滤膜(54)安装在过滤箱(52)内，所述过滤箱(52)底部安装有排水管三(53)。
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