CN105054899B - A kind of nerve root canal probe - Google Patents
A kind of nerve root canal probe Download PDFInfo
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- CN105054899B CN105054899B CN201510489635.7A CN201510489635A CN105054899B CN 105054899 B CN105054899 B CN 105054899B CN 201510489635 A CN201510489635 A CN 201510489635A CN 105054899 B CN105054899 B CN 105054899B
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- probe
- nerve root
- root canal
- tip
- central portion
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 210000004262 dental pulp cavity Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910003145 α-Fe2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000000245 forearm Anatomy 0.000 claims description 28
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004393 prognosis Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241001448725 Endorchis Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nerve root canal probes, nerve root canal probe is to be sequentially connected the integral structure constituted by probe, linkage section and handle, the probe generally spindle-type α-Fe2O3, probe includes tip, central portion and basal part, its sharp head is blunt rounded, tip integral diameter uniformly increases, and is central portion, and the upper diameter maximum of entire probe in the end of tip；Diameter is gradually reduced since the central portion, forms the basal part being connect with linkage section；In the axial direction of probe, the length of tip is more than the length of basal part.Nerve root canal probe can detect patency, space size and surrounding tissue tension situation in nerve root canal, specify the pressure relief ranges in nerve root exit and nerve root canal in art, improve the effect that nerve root canal in art effectively depressurizes, the prognosis of patient is improved, operative failure incidence is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical auxiliary apparatus technical field, the operation instrument being related in a kind of spinal operation, specially one
Kind nerve root canal probe, is mainly used for detecting the space size in intervertebral foramen and nerve root canal in art, determines nerve root week in art
The pressure relief ranges enclosed improve effectively effect of easing stress and postoperative patient prognosis in art, reduce the risk of operative failure.
Background technology
Currently, with the continuous exacerbation of aging of population, the quantity of backbone degenerative disease patient is increasing.Wherein absolutely
Most of patient is preoperative different degrees of neurothlipsis symptom, and current main therapy is to release ridge by performing the operation
The compressing of spinal nerve, including the compressing in intraspinal tube, intervertebral foramen and nerve root canal.Intraspinal tube effect of easing stress can be led to
It crosses nerve dissector and detects or visually observe and have become ripe operation skill and method at present to determine.And for intervertebral
Effect of easing stress in hole and nerve root canal, there is presently no unified tool and methods to detect and determine.To solve above-mentioned ask
Topic, some patients softly pull nerve root using nerve dissector to detect the tension of intervertebral foramen and nerve root exit, but should
Method can only specify the compression situation that nerve root enters intervertebral foramen and nerve root outlet part, can not clear clear nerve root
In intervertebral foramen with remote and nerve root walking in pipe region tension and compression situation.Other tools cannot in nerve root canal into
Row is safely and effectively detected, it is thus impossible to root compression situation and effect of easing stress clearly in the region.If only detecting vertebra
Between the local nerve root tension in hole and nerve root outlet and effect of easing stress, and have ignored in nerve root canal in nerve root travel region
Compression situation, it is invalid or be not thorough to be likely to result in art nerve root decompression, and patient's postoperative nerve pressure symptom is caused to be alleviated not
It is ideal so that surgical effect is had a greatly reduced quality, and the possibility of second operation is increased, negative with huge pain and economy to patient
Load.
Invention content
Defect present in for the above-mentioned prior art and deficiency, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nerve root canals
Probe, nerve root canal probe can detect patency, space size and surrounding tissue tension situation in nerve root canal, clear
Pressure relief ranges in art in nerve root exit and nerve root canal, improve the effect that nerve root canal in art effectively depressurizes, and improve
The prognosis of patient reduces operative failure incidence.
In order to realize that above-mentioned task, the present invention use following technical scheme：
A kind of nerve root canal probe, nerve root canal probe are to be sequentially connected constitute one by probe, linkage section and handle
Body formula structure, the probe generally spindle-type α-Fe2O3, probe include tip, central portion and basal part, and sharp head is blunt
Round shape, tip integral diameter uniformly increase, and are central portion, and the upper diameter maximum of entire probe in the end of tip；From
Central portion starts diameter and is gradually reduced, and forms the basal part being connect with linkage section；In the axial direction of probe, the length of tip is more than base
The length of bottom.
Further, in section in an axial direction of popping one's head in, the angle at tip is denoted as α 1, and the angle of central portion is denoted as α 2,
Then have：2 > α 1 of α.
Further, in probe section in an axial direction, the edge contour of basal part by two sections it is symmetrical and with central portion phase
The side circular arc connect is constituted with the bottom surface circular arc for connecting two sections of side circular arcs, and bottom surface circular arc is connect with linkage section；Wherein side is justified
The curvature of arc is more than the curvature of bottom surface circular arc.
Further, the linkage section is L-shaped structure, is made of forearm and postbrachium, and forearm is thin and postbrachium is thick, forearm and
The angle number of degrees between postbrachium are 120 °.
Further, the handle is cylindrical structure, and the orient diameter on handle from end to front end is gradually reduced；
Anti-slip section is provided on handle.
Further, the forearm of the linkage section is fixedly connected with the basal part of probe, and the axial line popped one's head in is with before
The axial line of arm overlaps.
Further, in the axial direction, entire length is 4~8mm to the probe, and the length of tip is 4mm.
Further, in probe axially direction, the maximum gauge of probe is 5mm.
Further, in the axial direction of handle, the length of handle is 100mm, a diameter of 8mm of handle end, anti-slip section
Length is 70mm.
Further, the length of the forearm is 15~25mm, and the length of postbrachium is 25~35mm.
The present invention has following technical characterstic compared with prior art：
1. present invention proposition is a kind of dedicated for detecting the tool of intervertebral foramen and nerve root canal region, specify refreshing in the region
Through root compression situation, the blank in the field has been filled up；
2. the space size in intervertebral foramen and nerve root canal can be detected using the present apparatus, subtracting around nerve root in art is determined
Range is pressed, effectively effect of easing stress and postoperative patient prognosis in art is improved, reduces the risk of operative failure；
3. the characteristics of present apparatus is according to human anatomic structure is directed to different positions, by science, strict design,
So that probe's overall structure is not only conveniently detected, and the damage of adjacent tissue will not be caused in use, meets doctor and hold
Custom is held, controllability is strong, and safety is good, and a kind of strong auxiliary tool is provided for doctor.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the axial sectional diagrammatical view illustration of probe segment；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of linkage section part；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of handle portion；
Figure label represents：1- pops one's head in, 2- linkage sections, 3- handles, 11- tips, 12- central portions, 13- basal parts, before 21-
Arm, 22- postbrachiums.
Specific implementation mode
Be directed to does not have currently the problem of specific purpose tool, inventor to go out from actual demand in nerve root canal probe procedure
Hair has devised one kind and has in use in conjunction with the actual demand during human physiological structure's feature and operations research
There is the tool of good result：
A kind of nerve root canal probe, nerve root canal probe are sequentially connected and are constituted by probe 1, linkage section 2 and handle 3
Integral structure, the generally spindle-type α-Fe2O3 of probe 1, probe 1 include tip 11, central portion 12 and basal part 13,
Sharp head 11 is blunt rounded, and 11 integral diameter of tip uniformly increases, and is central portion 12, and entire spy in the end of tip 11
Diameter maximum on first 1；Diameter is gradually reduced since the central portion 12, forms the basal part 13 being connect with linkage section 2；Probe 1
Axial direction on, the length of tip 11 is more than the length of basal part 13.
As shown in Figure 1, for the overall structure diagram of the present invention.The probe of the present invention, basic structure are mainly big by three
Part forms：
1. probe 1.
Probe 1 is a most important structure in this programme, and in operation, probe 1 is whole to be insinuated into nerve root canal
In intervertebral foramen, determine whether nerve root canal needs further to depressurize by the sense of touch of 1 return of probe.Therefore probe 1 is being set
During meter, need to consider many problems：First, size issue.Probe 1 is the part of entire probe front end, needs depth
Enter into narrow gap and is operated.If that its is excessive, then the nerve root canal of stenosis is not easily passed through, it is too small then
Sense of touch is fed back well.Second, shape issue.It pops one's head in during 1 global design, due to double which carry what is advanced and detect
Recast is used, therefore it is required that its global shape will not only be conducive to traveling process, also requires it that can feel nerve root canal in all directions
Interior space size.Third, angle problem.The direction of travel of accurate control probe 1, to having important meaning in entire probe procedure
Justice.It is not only difficult to reach commitment positions as deviation occurs in direction, it is also possible to cause neurotrosis.However entire probe procedure is doctor
Raw direct hand-held, any subtle action may all cause to deviate, therefore require probe 1 angle can with connect
Section 2, handle 3 match, and composition is a kind of to be conducive to detect, convenient for the structure of manipulation.
Inventor considers above-mentioned factor as a result, gives a kind of probe 1 structure.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, of the invention
The generally spindle-type α-Fe2O3 of probe 1 of middle proposition, but in view of the factor of volume size during use, probe 1 is simultaneously asymmetric
Spindle-type α-Fe2O3, that is to say, that spindle-type α-Fe2O3 one end point some and the other end is more blunt.1 point of probe is three parts：The
A part is tip 11, and tip 11 is located at the front end of entire instrument, and in actual use, 11, tip is to probe at first
Into nerve root canal, and front end is constantly in subsequent operation.For the ease of its traveling probe procedure, tip 11 designs
For blunt round structure, as shown in Fig. 2, i.e. tip 11 can be regarded as gyroscope-like.Blunt round structure design is not only convenient for it and is visiting
It easily entered when looking into root pipe, be convenient for traveling process, and since its surface is smooth, it will not injured nerve.The tip of tip 11
To its end, uniform diameter increases, and diameter reaches diameter maximum on probe 1 at its end, this position is referred to as center
Portion 12.The second part of probe 1 is central portion 12, and the size of central portion 12 determines the applicability of probe 1, passes through central portion
12 energy effective Feedback senses of touch, auxiliary doctor judge.Central portion 12 is the maximum position of diameter on probe 1.Part III is base
Bottom 13, probe 1 is from after 12 diameter of central portion reaches maximum, and its rear end is shunk to limit whole size, this part
Contraction process is not uniform, therefore it is asymmetric to cause the tip 11 of probe 1, basal part 13.A kind of symmetrical spindle in this way
Shape structure will then will increase the entire length of probe 1, be unfavorable for operating.The generally smooth circular configuration of circumferential direction of probe 1,
And in its axial direction, that is, run through on the centerline direction of probe 1, the length of tip 11 is more than the length of basal part 13.Basal part
13 another function is connect with linkage section 2.
About the particular technique parameter of each section, it is further described as follows：
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is cut off with its axial direction to 1 part of probe, face is formed by after cutting.In probe 1 along axis
To section in, the angle at tip 11 is denoted as α 1, and the angle of central portion 12 is denoted as α 2, then has：2 > α 1 of α.Point described here
Angle at first 11 refers to angle as shown in Figure 2, i.e., after tip 11 is cut off, what tip showed is a circular angle.
Since tip 11 is uniformly increased, angle α 1 here is exactly between the two side extended lines formed after tip 11 is cut off
Angle.This number of degrees is advisable with 60 ° or so.Central portion 12 be tip 11 end, the angle α 2 of central portion 12 here,
It refer to the angle cut off between the 11 end junction tangent line of tangent line and basal part 13 and tip of 11 end of rear tip.From appearance
Apparently, tip 11 should seamlessly transit here with basal part 13, i.e., 12 outer surface of central portion is round and smooth shape.The size of α 2
It is advisable with 120 ° or so.
About basal part 13, the design requirement that also has its stringent：
In 1 section in an axial direction of probe, the edge contour of basal part 13 is symmetrical and connect with central portion 12 by two sections
Side circular arc is constituted with the bottom surface circular arc for connecting two sections of side circular arcs, and bottom surface circular arc is connect with linkage section 2；Wherein side circular arc
Curvature is more than the curvature of bottom surface circular arc.
As shown in Fig. 2, in the face cut off, basal part 13 is not the circular arc of one section of entirety, but is spelled by three sections of circular arcs
Made of connecing.In this three sections of circular arcs, two sections be with pop one's head in 1 the mutually symmetrical setting of axial line, curvature, size all same,
This two sections of circular arcs are known as side circular arc, and side circular arc connects with central portion 12；Another section of circular arc is bottom surface circular arc, connects two sections of sides
Face circular arc keeps the profile of basal part 13 integrally about semicircle.However it is not a same song between bottom surface circular arc and side circular arc
Rate transition and come, the curvature of bottom surface circular arc is less than side circular arc, i.e., relative to side circular arc, bottom surface circular arc is more smoother,
Bending degree is smaller.13 structure of basal part is set, is on the one hand to fix with 2 phase of linkage section, is on the other hand basal part
Constitute unique spindle-type α-Fe2O3 at 13 this sets and tip 11, detect finish rollback during, and detected
When needing to be moved forward and backward in journey, due to the smooth setting of 13 side circular arc of basal part, root pipe is made to be easier smoothly to both sides
It struts, is conducive to the activity of probe 1.
In the axial direction of probe 1, entire length L1 is 4~8mm, wherein being best with 6mm；At the tip 11 of probe 1
Length L2 is 4mm or so, and 13 length L3 of basal part is 2mm or so.Perpendicular to probe 1 axially direction on, that is, pop one's head in 1 diameter
Upwards, pop one's head in 1 maximum gauge, i.e., diameter D1 is 5mm or so at central portion 12, which is less than in normal neuronal root pipe
Diameter, it is to touch surrounding situation in nerve root canal by the enlarged area of the central portion 12 to detect, and by probe 1 in nerve
Mobility and surrounding space in root pipe judge effect of easing stress.If D1 is too small, probe 1 easily enters nerve root canal, right
The damage risk of surrounding tissue is smaller, but the 1 meticulous space that can not really feel nerve root canal inner periphery of popping one's head in, and is easy to art
Person brings misleading, leads to that pressure relief ranges are too small, decompression is not thorough or in vain.If D1 is excessive, probe 1 hardly enters nerve root
Pipe, cannot effectively detect space in nerve root canal, may cause to damage to nerve root if making a forcible entry into, may be made in art
At excessive decompression, local destruction of bone and operation risk are increased.Circular arc diametrical chord length D2 in bottom surface is 3mm or so.
2. linkage section 2.
Linkage section is L-shaped structure, is made of forearm and postbrachium, and forearm is thin and postbrachium is thick, the length L4 of forearm is 15~
25mm or so is best with 20mm；The diameter D3 of forearm is 3mm or so, and the length L5 of postbrachium is 25~35mm, is most with 30mm
It is good；The diameter D4 of postbrachium is 4mm or so.Forearm and postbrachium collectively form L-shaped structure, but consider the actual physiology of operating process
Structure and factor conducive to doctor's operation, the angle α 3 between forearm and postbrachium is advisable with 120 ° or so, this angle be by
What multiple test finally determined, angle too small is easy to increase forearm extruding or injured nerve root during then detecting nerve root canal
Risk, angle is excessive, detects and is easy to increase postbrachium during nerve root canal and squeezes or the risk of damage endorchis；Work as spy
When head is located in root pipe, postbrachium is obliquely located at the top of canalis spinalis (endorchis), reduces postbrachium and squeezes or damage endorchis
Risk, while forearm and postbrachium will not squeeze dura mater easily when using the direction of handle adjustment probe.Similarly, it is detecting pair
When nervus lateralis root pipe, forearm can also be reduced and postbrachium squeezes the risk of endorchis.The forearm of linkage section and the basal part of probe
It is fixedly connected, and the axial line popped one's head in is overlapped with the axial line of forearm, i.e., probe is whole equidirectional with forearm, facilitates manipulation.
The forearm L4 of linkage section is connect with distance travelled in nerve root canal of nerve root it is preferably provided as 20mm or so
Closely, therefore when being detected using nerve root canal probe, the length L4 of the forearm of linkage section is enough to ensure that probe can be detected
The whole process of nerve root canal can effectively detect the effect of easing stress inside nerve root canal.If the length L4 of forearm is too small, probe can only
Partial nerve root pipe is detected, the distal end of nerve root canal can not be effectively detected, causes decompression inadequate.If the length L4 of forearm is excessive,
Linkage section is easy touching spinous process etc. when hand intraoperative porbe enters nerve root canal, makes troubles to operation, and pops one's head in and enter nerve root
Manage it is too deep, if before touching centrum, outside organ and tissue, increasing the risk of Accessory injury in art.
3. handle 3.
Handle 3 is cylindrical structure, and the orient diameter on handle 3 from end to front end is gradually reduced；It is arranged on the handle 3
There is anti-slip section.The entire length L6 of handle 3 is 100mm or so, and the diameter D5 of 3 end of handle is 8mm or so, the length and diameter
It is held convenient for patient, anti-slip section is the part that patient holds, and the design of coarse point planar can increase patient and hold nerve root canal
The contact surface and strength of probe controls the direction of probe by gripping handle 3 convenient for patient and enters the dynamics of nerve root canal,
Reduce nerve root canal probe landing and Accessory injury risk in art.
Probe, linkage section and handle 3 are smoothly connected and integral successively, and each section surface is smooth, is stainless steel
Material.The tissue in visual area, especially nerve root, hard ridge are inevitably touched in the front end of probe, linkage section and handle 3 when being operated in art
Film, muscle vascular etc., nerve root probe's each section junction, which is smoothly connected, and each section surface is smooth (removes the anti-skidding of outdoor handle 3
Section), the Accessory injury for operating and bringing in art can be substantially reduced.
Operation using the present invention is as follows：Appear exiting nerve root after vertebrae plate resection, holds with a hand nerve root canal probe's hand
The anti-slip section of handle 3 is moved towards along nerve root the forearm of probe and linkage section in soft feeding intervertebral foramen and nerve root canal, not
During breaking deeply, nerve root canal inner periphery tissue is gently touched with probe, the space size in it is felt, will pop one's head in into one
Step is goed deep into nerve root canal, until forearm fully enters.After detecting, along the taking-up probe of nerve root canal direction gently, i.e.,
Complete probe operation.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of nerve root canal probe, which is characterized in that nerve root canal probe is by probe (1), linkage section (2) and handle
(3) it is sequentially connected the integral structure of composition, the probe (1) generally spindle-type α-Fe2O3, probe (1) includes tip
(11), central portion (12) and basal part (13), sharp head (11) they are blunt rounded, and tip (11) integral diameter uniformly increases,
The end of tip (11) is diameter maximum on central portion (12), and entire probe (1), and the size of central portion determines spy
The applicability of head (1), by central portion (12) energy effective Feedback sense of touch, auxiliary doctor judges；The diameter since the central portion (12)
It is gradually reduced, forms the basal part (13) being connect with linkage section (2)；It pops one's head in the axial direction of (1), the length of tip (11) is more than base
The length of bottom (13).
2. nerve root canal probe as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in probe (1) section in an axial direction, tip
(11) angle at is denoted as α 1, and the angle of central portion (12) is denoted as α 2, then has：2 > α 1 of α.
3. nerve root canal probe as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in probe (1) section in an axial direction, basal part
(13) edge contour is by two sections of symmetrical and side circular arcs to connect with central portion (12) and the bottom surface for connecting two sections of side circular arcs
Circular arc is constituted, and bottom surface circular arc is connect with linkage section (2)；Wherein the curvature of side circular arc is more than the curvature of bottom surface circular arc.
4. nerve root canal probe as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the linkage section (2) is L-shaped structure, by preceding
Arm (21) and postbrachium (22) are constituted, and forearm (21) is thin and postbrachium 22 is thick, and the angle number of degrees between forearm (21) and postbrachium (22) are
120°。
5. nerve root canal probe as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the handle (3) is cylindrical structure, handle
(3) orient diameter on from end to front end is gradually reduced；It is provided with anti-slip section on handle (3).
6. nerve root canal probe as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the forearm (21) of the linkage section (2) and spy
The basal part (13) of head (1) is fixedly connected, and the axial line of probe (1) is overlapped with the axial line of forearm (21).
7. nerve root canal probe as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the probe (1) is in the axial direction, whole long
Degree is 4~8mm, and the length of sharp head (11) is 4mm.
8. nerve root canal probe as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in probe (1) axially direction, visit
The maximum gauge of head (1) is 5mm.
9. nerve root canal probe as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the axial direction of handle (3), the length of handle (3)
Degree is 100mm, and handle (3) end diameter is 8mm, and the length of anti-slip section is 70mm.
10. nerve root canal probe as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the length of the forearm (21) be 15~
The length of 25mm, postbrachium (22) are 25~35mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510489635.7A CN105054899B (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2015-08-12 | A kind of nerve root canal probe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510489635.7A CN105054899B (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2015-08-12 | A kind of nerve root canal probe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105054899A CN105054899A (en) | 2015-11-18 |
| CN105054899B true CN105054899B (en) | 2018-10-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510489635.7A Expired - Fee Related CN105054899B (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2015-08-12 | A kind of nerve root canal probe |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4985031A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-01-15 | Techmedica, Inc. | Left and right inferior border osteotomy blade saw |
| US5836894A (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1998-11-17 | Artann Laboratories | Apparatus for measuring mechanical parameters of the prostate and for imaging the prostate using such parameters |
| CN204889948U (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-23 | 郑伟 | Neural root canal scout |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6895283B2 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2005-05-17 | Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. | Stimulation/sensing lead adapted for percutaneous insertion |
| CA2500973C (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2012-05-15 | Surgifile, Inc. | Shielded reciprocating surgical file |
| US20140012261A1 (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2014-01-09 | Henry Nita | Ultrasound Enhanced Selective Tissue Removal Method and Apparatus |
| US20140180291A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Neuro Enterprises, Llc | Surgical rasp |
-
2015
- 2015-08-12 CN CN201510489635.7A patent/CN105054899B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4985031A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-01-15 | Techmedica, Inc. | Left and right inferior border osteotomy blade saw |
| US5836894A (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1998-11-17 | Artann Laboratories | Apparatus for measuring mechanical parameters of the prostate and for imaging the prostate using such parameters |
| CN204889948U (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-23 | 郑伟 | Neural root canal scout |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105054899A (en) | 2015-11-18 |
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