CN105052062B - For realizing the method and system of the time division duplex in physical layer - Google Patents

For realizing the method and system of the time division duplex in physical layer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105052062B
CN105052062B CN201380032713.XA CN201380032713A CN105052062B CN 105052062 B CN105052062 B CN 105052062B CN 201380032713 A CN201380032713 A CN 201380032713A CN 105052062 B CN105052062 B CN 105052062B
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stream
bit stream
bit
successive bits
sublayer
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CN105052062A (en
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C·皮埃茨
N·瓦兰尼斯
J·蒙托约
A·加拉瓦格里拉
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/08—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1694—Allocation of channels in TDM/TDMA networks, e.g. distributed multiplexers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/4013—Management of data rate on the bus
    • H04L12/40136—Nodes adapting their rate to the physical link properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/403—Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling
    • H04L12/4035—Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling in which slots of a TDMA packet structure are assigned based on a contention resolution carried out at a master unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q11/0067—Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0064—Arbitration, scheduling or medium access control aspects

Abstract

A kind of physical layer equipment includes being used for receiving the first successive bits stream from Media Independent Interface and the first sublayer of the second successive bits stream is provided to the Media Independent Interface.The physical layer equipment also includes being used for first signal corresponding with the first successive bits stream is sent on peripheral link during individual time window more than first and receives the second sublayer with the corresponding secondary signal of the second successive bits stream from the peripheral link during individual time window more than second.More than the second individual time window is had any different with more than the first individual time window.

Description

For realizing the method and system of the time division duplex in physical layer
Technical field
Various embodiments of the present invention relate generally to communication system, and in particular to use the communication system of time division duplex.
Background of related
Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) agreement is extended on coaxial (coaxial cable) link in cable installation.It is real EPON agreements on present coaxial cable links are referred to as EPoC.EPoC networks or similar network are realized on coaxial cable facility Significant challenge is presented.For example, the conventionally used FDD of EPON compatible systems (FDD) realizes full-duplex communication, and EPON MAC controllers (MAC) are that the family of standards of IEEE 802.3 (for example, in IEEE 802.3av standards) such as limits Full duplex MAC.It is expected that EPoC physical layer equipments (PHY) are compatible with full duplex EPON MAC.However, cable operator may expect Communicated using time division duplex (TDD) rather than FDD between coax line terminal and coax network unit.
Brief description
Various embodiments of the present invention explain as example, and are not intended in by accompanying drawing each figure and are limited.
Figure 1A is the block diagram according to the coaxial network of some embodiments.
Figure 1B is the block diagram according to the network for including both optical link and coaxial cable links of some embodiments.
Fig. 2 explanations according to the upstream of the time division duplex such as measured in coax line end of some embodiments and Descending streamed timing.
Fig. 3 is coupled to coaxially by coaxial circuit link according to the wherein coax line terminal of some embodiments The block diagram of the system of cable system unit.
Fig. 4 offers transmit advanced according to the data wherein in the system that PHY level realizes TDD schemes of some embodiments Do not illustrate.
Fig. 5 A are the block diagrams according to the sublayer being coupled in full duplex MAC TDD PHY of some embodiments.
Fig. 5 B show the downstream signal provided between Fig. 5 A each sublayer according to some embodiments.
Fig. 6 A are the block diagrams according to the sublayer being coupled in full duplex MAC TDD PHY of some embodiments.
Fig. 6 B show the upstream signal provided between Fig. 6 A each sublayer according to some embodiments.
Fig. 7 A are the block diagrams according to the sublayer being coupled in full duplex MAC TDD PHY of some embodiments.
Fig. 7 B show the signal provided between each sublayer in transmission in Fig. 7 A according to some embodiments.
Fig. 8 A are the block diagrams according to the sublayer being coupled in full duplex MAC TDD PHY of some embodiments.
Fig. 8 B show the signal provided between each sublayer in transmission in Fig. 8 A according to some embodiments.
Fig. 9 A are the block diagrams according to the sublayer being coupled in full duplex MAC TDD PHY of some embodiments.
Fig. 9 B show the signal provided between each sublayer when receiving in Fig. 9 A according to some embodiments.
Figure 10 explanations are according to the OFDM PHY for realizing TDD of some embodiments operation.
Figure 11 is the coaxial wire for wherein carrying full duplex MAC and coaxial cable TDD PHY according to some embodiments Road terminal is coupled in the block diagram of the system of the coax network with full duplex MAC and coaxial cable TDD PHY.
Figure 12 explanations are according to the descending streaming in Figure 11 of some embodiments system.
Figure 13 A are the block diagrams according to the light coaxial cable unit for being implemented as repeater of some embodiments.
Figure 13 B explain the bit stream in the light PHY of the light coaxial cable unit of Figure 13 A according to some embodiments.
Figure 13 C explain what is transmitted according to the coaxial cable PHY of Figure 13 A of some embodiments light coaxial cable unit OFDM symbol.
Figure 14 is to include both optical link and coaxial cable links and also including being implemented as figure according to some embodiments The block diagram of the network of the light coaxial cable unit of 13A repeater.
Figure 15 is the flow chart for showing the data communications method according to some embodiments.
Identical reference is through part corresponding to drawing and description citation.
It is described in detail
Disclose wherein physical layer equipment (PHY) and be coupled in the Media Independent Interface that is configured for full-duplex communication While realize time division duplex (TDD) embodiment.The Media Independent Interface may couple to full duplex MAC.
In certain embodiments, PHY includes being used to receive the first successive bits stream from Media Independent Interface and being used for this Media Independent Interface provides the first sublayer of the second successive bits stream.The PHY also includes being used in more than first individual time window phases Between transmission corresponding to each first signal of the first successive bits stream and corresponding for being received during individual time window more than second In the second sublayer of each secondary signal of the second successive bits stream.More than the second individual time window be different from this more than first it is individual when Between window.
In certain embodiments, a kind of method of the data communication performed in PHY includes receiving from Media Independent Interface First successive bits stream and to the Media Independent Interface provide the second successive bits stream.When this method is additionally included in individual more than first Between during window transmission corresponding to the first successive bits stream each first signal and connect during individual time window more than second Receive each secondary signal corresponding to the second successive bits stream.More than the second individual time window is different from more than the first individual time window Mouthful.
In the following description, numerous details (example of such as specific component, circuit and process) are elaborated, to carry For the thorough understanding to the disclosure.Equally, in the following description and for explanatory purposes, specific name is elaborated to provide Thorough understanding to various embodiments of the present invention.However, it will be apparent that for those skilled in the art, it may not be necessary to these tools Body details is with regard to that can put into practice various embodiments of the present invention.In other instances, known circuit and equipment are shown in form of a block diagram to keep away Exempt to obscure the disclosure.As it is used herein, term " coupling " means to be directly connected to or by one or more component between two parties Or circuit connects.Various embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limited to specific examples described herein, but in the range of it Including all embodiments being defined by the appended claims.
Figure 1A is the block diagram according to the coax network 100 (for example, EPoC networks) of some embodiments.Network 100 wraps Include the coaxial cable that multiple coax network unit (CNU) 140-1,140-2 and 140-3 are coupled to via coaxial cable links Line terminal (CLT) 162 (also referred to as coaxial cable links terminal).Each coaxial cable links can be Passive Coax or One or more amplifiers and/or balanced device can also be included.These coaxial cable links form cable installation 150.At some In embodiment, CLT 162 is located at the head end of cable installation 150 and CNU 140-1,140-2 and 140-3 are located at relative users Premises.
CLT 162 to CNU 140-1,140-2 and 140-3 transmit downstream signal and from CNU 140-1,140-2 and 140-3 receives upstream signal.In certain embodiments, each reception in CNU 140-1,140-2 and 140-3-1 by Each packet and discarding that CLT 162 is transmitted not are addressed to the packet of the CNU.CNU 140-1,140-2 and 140-3 by The scheduling time that CLT 162 is specified transmits upstream signal.For example, CLT 162 passes to CNU 140-1,140-2 and 140-3 Control message (for example, GATE (gating) message) is sent, the control message specifies corresponding CNU 140-1,140-2 and 140-3 to pass Send the corresponding future time of upstream signal.
In certain embodiments, CLT 162 is the light-coaxial cable unit for being also coupled to optical line terminal (OLT) 110 (OCU) a 130-1 or 130-2 part, as shown in fig. 1b.Figure 1B is to include optical link and coaxial according to some embodiments The block diagram of the network 105 of both cable links.Network 105 includes being coupled to multiple optical network units via corresponding fiber link (ONU) 120-1 and 120-2 OLT 110 (also referred to as optical link terminal).OLT 110 is also via corresponding fiber link by coupling It is bonded to multiple OCU 130-1 and 130-2.OCU is also sometimes referred to as optical fibre-coaxial cable unit (FCU), media converter or same Shaft cable media converter (CMC).
Each OCU 130-1 and 130-2 include the ONU 160 coupled with CLT 162.ONU 160 is under the receptions of OLT 110 Row flow point group is transmitted and provides it to CLT 162, and CLT 162 forwards these packets to its cable installation 150 (for example, electricity Cable facility 150-1 or 150-2) on CNU 140 (for example, CNU 140-4 and 140-5, or CNU 140-6,140-7 and 140-8).In certain embodiments, CLT 162 filters out the packet for the CNU 140 being not addressed in its cable installation 150 simultaneously Remaining is forwarded the packet to the CNU 140 in its cable installation 150.CLT 162 is also from the CNU in its cable installation 150 These packet transmission are simultaneously supplied to ONU 160, ONU 160 to be transferred to OLT 110 by 140 reception upstream packet transmission. Therefore ONU 160 receives optical signal from OLT 110 and should be to OLT 110 by optical signal transmission, and CLT 162 is from CNU 140 Receive electric signal and send electric signal to CNU 140.
In Figure 1B example, the first OCU 130-1 communicate with CNU 140-4 and 140-5, and the 2nd OCU 130-2 with CNU 140-6,140-7 and 140-8 communications.The coaxial cable chain that first OCU 130-1 are coupled with CNU 140-4 and 140-5 Road forms the first cable installation 150-1.The coaxial cable links group that 2nd OCU 130-2 are coupled with CNU 140-6 to 140-8 Into the second cable installation 150-2.Each coaxial cable links can be Passive Coax or alternatively can be including one or more Individual amplifier and/or balanced device.In certain embodiments, OLT 110, ONU 120-1 and 120-2 and OCU 130-1 and Realized according to Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) agreement 130-2 light part (e.g., including ONU 160).
In certain embodiments, OLT 110 is located at the head end of Virtual network operator, ONU 120-1 and 120-2 and CNU 140-4 to 140-8 is located at the premises of relative users, and OCU 130-1 and 130-2 are located at its corresponding cable installation 150-1 With at 150-2 head end or in its corresponding cable installation 150-1 and 150-2.
In certain embodiments, the communication on respective cable facility 150 is performed using time division duplex (TDD)：Identical Frequency band be used for from CNU 140 to CLT 162 up streaming and from CLT 162 to CNU 140 descending streaming two Person, and the upstream and downstream transmission are duplexing in time.It is for example, alternate for upstream and the distribution of descending streaming Time window.Be grouped wherein be sent to from CNU 140 CLT 162 time window be referred to as upstream time window or on Row stream window, and be grouped wherein be sent to from CLT 162 CNU 140 time window be referred to as downstream time window or Downstream window.
Fig. 2 explanations are according to the upstream and downstream that are such as measured at CLT 162 (Figure 1A and Figure 1B) place of following examples The timing of time window.As shown in Figure 2, alternate window is distributed for upstream and descending streaming.In downstream time window During mouthfuls 202, CLT 162 is to the descending transmission signals of CNU 140.It is protection interval 204 after downstream time window 202, it CLT 162 receives upstream signal during upstream time window 206 from one or more of CNU 140 afterwards.Between protection Every 204 propagation times being included on coaxial cable links and be included in CLT 162 from transmitting configuration be switched to receive configuration Switching time.Protection interval 204 is so that it is guaranteed that upstream and downstream time window at CNU 140 separate.The upstream time Followed by another downstream time window 208, another protection interval 210 and another upstream time window after window 206 Mouth 212.Alternate downstream and upstream time window continue in this way, wherein connected downstream and upstream time window Mouthful separated by protection interval, and downstream time window is after upstream time window, as shown in Figure 2.Time window Upstream and descending streaming during mouth 202,206,208 and 212 use identical frequency band.For upstream time window (example Such as, window 206 and 212) distribution time may differ from for downstream time window (for example, window 202 and 208) distribution when Between.Wherein compared with upstream time window 206 and 212, the more time (and therefore more bandwidth) is assigned to for Fig. 2 explanations The example of downstream time window 202 and 208.
Fig. 3 is to be coupled according to the block diagram of the system 300 of some embodiments, wherein CLT 302 by coaxial cable links 310 CNU 312.CLT 302 is CLT 162 (Figure 1A -1B) example, and CNU 312 is CNU 140-1 to 140-8 (Figure 1A -1B) One of example.CLT 302 and CNU 312 is communicated using TDD via coaxial cable links 310.Coaxial cable links 310 will The coaxial cable PHY 318 that coaxial cable physical layer equipment (PHY) 308 in CLT 302 is coupled in CNU 312.Coaxial electrical Cable PHY 308 transmits signal and up during downstream time window (for example, window 202 and 208, Fig. 2) to CNU 312 Flow during time window (for example, window 206 and 212, Fig. 2) from CNU 312 (or from the phase for including the coaxial cable links 310 Answer other CNU in cable installation 150) reception signal.Equally, coaxial cable PHY 318 upstream time window (for example, Window 206 and 212, Fig. 2) during to CLT 302 transmit signal, and downstream time window (for example, window 202 and 208, From the reception signals of CLT 302 during Fig. 2).
Coaxial cable PHY 308 in CLT 302 is coupled in full-duplex media access controller by Media Independent Interface 306 (MAC)304.Media Independent Interface 306 constantly transmits signal from MAC 304 to PHY 308 and also constantly from PHY 308 Signal is transmitted to MAC 304.The data transfer rate of Media Independent Interface in each direction is higher than the data of coaxial cable links 310 Rate, so as to allow PHY 308 perform TDD communication, although be coupled in full duplex MAC 304 (for example, as following reference chart 5A-5B, Described by 6A-6B, 7A-7B, 8A-8B and/or 9A-9B).According to some embodiments, CLT 302 TDD features are so as to complete Realized entirely in coaxial cable PHY 308.
Coaxial cable PHY 318 in CNU 312 is coupled in full duplex MAC 314 by Media Independent Interface 316.Medium without Interface 316 is closed constantly to transmit signal from MAC 314 to PHY 318 and also constantly transmit letter from PHY 318 to MAC 314 Number.CNU 312 TDD features are in a manner of the identicals of coaxial cable PHY 308 with CLT 302 completely in coaxial cable PHY Realized in 318.
Fig. 4 provides the high-grade diagram that the down stream data transfer in the system 300 (Fig. 3) according to some embodiments transmits.Should Data transmission uses the TDD schemes realized in PHY level.Continuous ratio from full duplex MAC 304 to coaxial cable PHY 308 is provided Spy's stream 400.Bit stream 400 was included in from the time 0 to TDThe TDD periods during provide data 402-1, from time TDTo 2TD The TDD periods during the data 402-2 that provides and from time 2TDTo 3TDThe TDD periods during the data 402-3 that provides. The TDD periods are (according to suitable with protection interval 404, upstream window 406 and downstream window 408-1,408-2 or 408-3 Sequence) associated total period.Each TDD periods are lasted equal to TD, as shown in Figure 4.Protection interval 404 is protection interval 204 or 210 (Fig. 2) example.Upstream window 406 is upstream time window 206 or 212 (Fig. 2) example.Downstream window Mouth 408-1,408-2 and 408-3 are the examples of downstream time window 202 and 208 (Fig. 2).
PHY 308 (Fig. 3) is converted to data 402-1 first transmitted during the first downstream (DS) window 408-1 Descending streaming signal.Equally, it is descending to be converted into second transmitted during the second downstream window 408-2 by data 402-2 Streaming signal, and data 402-3 is converted into the descending streaming letter of the 3rd transmitted during the 3rd downstream window 408-3 Number.In this example, T1Represent that PHY 308 performs the processing time of this conversion.Each downstream window 408-1,408-2 and 408-3 was included in the corresponding TDD periods, and the TDD periods also include upstream (US) window 406 and protection interval 404.CNU PHY 318 (Fig. 3) in 312 receives descending streaming signal and reconstructs successive bits stream 410, and the successive bits stream 410 includes Data 402-1,402-2 and 402-3.Start from time T2, PHY 318, which spreads the successive bits, is handed to MAC 314 (Fig. 3). In this example, T2Represent place of the channel latency plus both PHY 308 and PHY 318 in upper on coaxial cable links 310 Manage the time.
Although Fig. 4 explains descending streaming, but also can use similar scheme for up streaming.For example, CNU MAC 314 (Fig. 3) in 312 can provide successive bits stream to PHY 318, and the PHY 318 is by the data conversion in the bit stream It is (false for discrete transmission signal, the transmission in upstream during continuous upstream Transfer Window 406 of these discrete transmission signals Fixed continuous upstream window 406 is assigned to CNU 312 and is not assigned to other CNU in the cable installation).CLT 302 In PHY 308 (Fig. 3) receive transmission signal, reconstruct and provides reconstructed bit stream to MAC successive bits stream 304。
In order to continuous bit stream 400 is converted to transmitted during Transfer Window 408-1,408-2 and 408-3 from Scattered signal, PHY 308 perform symbol and map and map the symbols onto corresponding in Transfer Window 408-1,408-2 and 408-3 Time slot and physical resource.Single carrier or multicarrier transfer scheme can be used.
The more detailed example for descending streamed TDD operations is provided with reference now to Fig. 5 A and 5B.In fig. 5, TDD PHY (for example, coaxial cable PHY 308, Fig. 3) includes Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) 508, physical medium attachment sublayer (PMA) 514 and Physical Medium Dependent sublayer (PMD) 516.PCS 508 passes through Media Independent Interface (xMII) 506 and reconciliation sublayer (RS) 504 are coupled to full duplex MAC 502 (for example, MAC 304, Fig. 3).In certain embodiments, Media Independent Interface 506 It is the 10 Gigabit Media independent interfaces (XGMII) for being operated in 10Gbps.(term " Media Independent Interface " may refer to interface Race, but refer also to the certain types of Media Independent Interface in the race.As used in this article, the term refers to the interface Race and be called xMII for short so that itself and specific Media Independent Interface (such as XGMII) mutually to be distinguished).Media Independent Interface 506 Arrow is symbolically shown as in fig. 5, but actually includes first interface circuit system, the coupling for being coupled in RS 504 Second interface circuit system together in the PCS 508 in the PHY and connect one of the first and second interface circuitries or Multiple signal wires.
In certain embodiments, Fig. 5 A PHY (including PCS 508, PMA 514, PMD 516 and XMII 506 PHY parts) realized in a single integrated circuit with hardware.Full duplex MAC 502 can be in one point of integrated circuit opened Or realized in same integrated circuit.
Fig. 5 B are alignd with Fig. 5 A to show that the downstream provided between Fig. 5 A each sublayer according to some embodiments is believed Number.Fig. 5 B signal is therefore corresponding to Fig. 5 A downward solid arrow.MAC 502 crosses over Media Independent Interface 506 to PCS 508 transmission successive bits streams 520.Media Independent Interface 506 presses the fixation of the speed of other interfaces in the system higher than Fig. 5 A Speed RxMIIOperation.Bit stream 520 includes packet 522 (in respective frame) and idle packet 524；The quilt of idle packet 524 It is included in bit stream 520 to maintain fixed rate RxMII。
PCS 508 includes one or more upper PCS layers 510, and the upper PCS layers 510 remove idle packet 524 and performed Forward error correction (FEC) cataloged procedure, the forward error correction coding process inserts parity bit (D+P) in packet, so as to obtain Bit stream 530 including packet 532 and the idle character 534 for taking on packet separator.Upper PCS layers 510 are with RPCS,DSUnder TDD adapter 512 of the row stream baud rate into PCS 508 provides bit stream 530.Bit stream 530 is adapted to by TDD adapters 512 To higher baud rate RPMAAnd bit interleaving 546, so as to obtain with RPMAIt is provided to PMA 514 bit stream 540. Bit stream 540 includes corresponding respectively to the packet 532 of bit stream 530 and the packet 542 of idle character 534 and free time Character 544.Filling bit 546 corresponds to time slot 552, wherein PMA 514 and PMD 516 can not be descending during time slot 552 Transmitted on stream.Time slot 552 is for example corresponding to protection interval 404 and upstream window 406 (Fig. 4).
Packet 542 is converted to downstream signal 550 by PMA 514 (or alternatively, PMD 516), and PMD 516 is in downstream Transmission downstream signal 550 during window 408 (for example, window 408-1,408-2 and 408-3, Fig. 4).Each downstream window 408 have last TDSAnd each time slot 552 has and lasts TUS+TGI, wherein TUSIt is lasting for upstream window 406 (Fig. 4), and TGIIt is lasting for protection interval 404 (Fig. 4).
Baud rate RPCS,DSAnd RPMABetween relation it is as follows：
Equation (1) display, RPCS,DSIt is RPMASuch as by TDSWith the ratio between whole TDD cycles determined by fraction.(in Fig. 5 B In, index n and n+1 is used to index the continuous TDD cycles.)
Although Fig. 5 B describe descending streaming, but up streaming can perform (for example, in CNU in a similar manner In 312 coaxial cable PHY 318, Fig. 3).
The example for up streamed TDD operations is provided with reference now to Fig. 6 A and 6B.Fig. 6 A MAC 502 and PHY It is identical with Fig. 5 A MAC 502 and PHY.Fig. 6 B alignd with Fig. 6 A with show according to each sublayers in Fig. 6 B of some embodiments it Between the upstream signal that provides.Fig. 6 B signal is therefore corresponding to Fig. 6 A upward solid arrow.PMD 516 is in upstream window Simulation upstream signal is received during 406 (Fig. 4) of mouth and is converted into digital up-link stream (US) signal 630, digital up-link stream Signal 630 is provided to PMA 514.Upstream signal 630 is not present during time slot 632, each time slot 632 includes downstream Window 408 and protection interval 404 (Fig. 4).
PMA 514 is in time slot 632 period bit interleaving 622, and so as to obtain bit stream 620, bit stream 620 also includes Packet (there is parity bit) 624 and by the separated idle character 626 of each packet 624.Packet 624 is included from upper The data that row stream signal 630 extracts.PMA 514 is with baud rate RPMABit stream 620, baud rate R are provided to TDD adapters 512PMA It is and the identical R for downstream communicationPMA.TDD adapters 512 abandon filling bit 622 and by bit stream 620 be adapted to Baud rate RPCS,US, so as to obtain bit stream 610.Bit stream 610 includes corresponding respectively to adaptation to RPCS,USPacket 624 Packet 612 and idle character 614 with idle character 626.RPCS,USIt is defined as：
Equation (2) display, RPCS,USIt is RPMASuch as by TUSWith the ratio between whole TDD cycles determined by fraction.In general, RPCS,USNot equal to RPCS,DSAlthough if TDSEqual to TUSThen they will be equal.
The upward PCS layers 510 of TDD adapters 512 provide bit stream 610, and upper PCS layers 510 are abandoned obtained by parity bit, filling Empty space and bit stream 610 is adapted to R by inserting idle packet 604xMII, so as to obtain bit stream 600.Than The packet 602 of spy's stream 600, which corresponds to, is fitted to RxMIIThe packet 612 for being removed parity bit.In some implementations In example, RxMIIIt is identical on upstream and downstream direction.Upper PCS layers 510 via Media Independent Interface 506 and RS 504 with RxMIIBit stream 600 is provided to full duplex MAC 502.Fig. 5 B and 6B combination explain MAC 502 full duplex nature：It is simultaneously The continuous descending flow bit stream 520 (Fig. 5 B) of transmission simultaneously receives continuous up flow bit stream 600 (Fig. 6 B).
Although Fig. 6 B show that upstream receives, but downstream reception can perform (for example, in CNU in a similar manner In 312 coaxial cable PHY 318, Fig. 3).
Fig. 5 A-5B and 6A-6B so as to explain how by PCS sublayers 508 add TDD adapters 512 come in PCS sublayers TDD is realized in 508.As described, TDD adapters 512 perform rate adaptation to ensure bit stream 520 and 530 during the TDD cycles Data volume in (or 600 and 610) is equal to the data volume in bit stream 540 (or 620) during downstream (or upstream) window. In certain embodiments, Fig. 5 A and 6A PHY other sublayers (for example, upper PCS layers 510, PMA 514 and PMD 516) such as exist Running as defined in the family of standards of IEEE 802.3.
In certain embodiments, the adapter of the TDD for being realized is included in PMD rather than PCS.
In fig. 7, TDD PHY (for example, coaxial cable PHY 308 or 318, Fig. 3) include PCS 708, the and of PMA 710 PMD 712.PCS 708 is coupled in full duplex MAC 502 (for example, MAC 304 or 314, figure by xMII 506 and RS 504 3).In certain embodiments, Fig. 7 A PHY (including PCS 708, PMA 710, PMD 712 and xMII 506 PHY portions Point) realized in a single integrated circuit with hardware.Full duplex MAC 502 can be with the PHY in the integrated circuit separated Or realized in same integrated circuit.
Fig. 7 B are alignd with Fig. 7 A to show according to providing between each sublayer of some embodiments in transmission in Fig. 7 A Signal.Fig. 7 B signal is so as to the downward solid arrow corresponding to Fig. 7 A.MAC 502 transmits across Media Independent Interface 506 to be connected Continuous bit stream 520, as with reference to described in figure 5A and 5B.Media Independent Interface 506 presses fixed rate RxMIIOperation.PCS 708 Successive bits stream 520 is received, the successive bits stream 520 includes packet 522 and idle packet 524.
PCS 708 removes idle packet 524 and performs FEC cataloged procedures, and the FEC cataloged procedures are in packet 522 Parity bit is inserted, so as to obtain the mixing (D+P) of data and parity bit.Separated for example, PCS 708 generates by idle character 734 Encoded data frame (D+P) 732, the idle character 734 filling interframe space simultaneously takes on packet separator.In some embodiments In, PCS 708 deletes some idle characters from idle packet 524, leaves the sky for filling the space between each data frame 732 Characters idle, and FEC coding of the data and the execution of remaining idle character to bit stream 520 based on stream, are deleted so as to produce substitution The parity bit of the idle character removed.Alternatively, PCS 708 performs block-based FEC codings.PCS 708 generates bit stream 730, Encoded data frame 732 and idle character 734 are grouped into and burst in bit stream 730.PCS 708 is into bit stream 730 Bit interleaving 736；The filling bit 736 separates corresponding burst.(alternatively, it is not bit interleaving 736, and It is that PCS 708 leaves space in bit stream 730 so that bit stream 730 is not continuous.) in certain embodiments, packing ratio Spy 736 (or alternatively, space) there is regular length (that is, to last) TFillingAnd respectively burst and (that is, last) T with regular lengthBurst。 In other embodiments, TFillingAnd TBurstValue change near fixed average value, and PCS 708, PMA 710 and/or PMD 712 Buffering is performed to adapt to this change.
PCS 708 presses speed RPCSBit stream 730, speed R are provided to PMA 710PCSEqual to speed RxMII.At PMA 710 Manage the bit stream 730 (for example, according to the standards of IEEE 802.3) and by speed RPMABit stream 730 is forwarded to PMD 712, speed Rate RPMAEqual to speed RxMIIAnd RPCS.XMII 506, PCS 708 and PMA 710 so as to all by phase same rate (for example, 10Gbps) operate.
(term " bit stream " as used in this article include being described as illustrated throughout the figures each corresponding PHY sublayers it Between all signals for transmitting.It is, therefore, apparent that term " bit stream " may include sample flow and/or code element stream and individual bit Stream.)
PMD 712 includes coaxial cable rate adaptor 714 and one or more relatively low pmd layers 716.Coaxial cable speed Rate adapter 714 presses speed RPMABit stream 730 is received from PMA 710, filling bit 736 is removed, by encoded data frame 732 It is adapted to idle character 734 to relatively low speed RPMD,TX, and be periodically inserted and be lasted for TSpaceSpace 746.Result is tool There is the bit stream 740 of data frame 742 and idle character separator 744.Free word between data frame 742 and two spaces 746 Symbol separator 744 has TDataTotal length (that is, lasting).TDataMatching is lasted for TDThe TDD cycles in Transfer Window 752 Length TTX.Fig. 7 A PHY can be transmitted during each Transfer Window 752, and the Transfer Window 752 can be used for (the figures of CLT 162 Downstream window 202 or 208 (Fig. 2) 1A-1B) or (figure of upstream window 206 or 212 for CNU 140 (Figure 1A -1B) 2).However, Fig. 7 A PHY can not with receive window (for example, Fig. 2 upstream window 206 and 212 for CLT 162, Or Fig. 2 downstream window 202 or 208 for CNU 140) and protection interval (for example, Fig. 2 protection interval 204 or 210) Transmitted during the corresponding time 754.
Speed RPMD,TXAnd RPMARelation it is as follows：
In certain embodiments, TBurstT can be considerably shorter thanData.For example, it can be single FEC code (for example, making to burst In embodiment with the FEC based on stream) or single frame (for example, single Ether frame).Moreover, period TBurst+TFillingWhen can be less than Section TData+TSpace.Moreover, TBurst、TFillingAnd TBurst+TFillingValue can change (for example, changing near fixed average value).Fig. 8 A Wherein T is explained with 8BBurstLess than TData、TBurst+TFillingLess than TData+TSpaceAnd TBurst、TFillingAnd TBurst+TFillingValue changes example. Fig. 8 B bit stream 830 is the example of Fig. 7 B bit stream 730.In this example, speed RPMD,TXRate and RPMARelation it is as follows：
Data frame 742 is converted to transmission signal 750 by relatively low pmd layer 716, and the transmission signal 750 is in the phase of Transfer Window 752 Between be transferred on coaxial cable links (for example, link 310, Fig. 3).Space 746 in bit stream 740 corresponds to each transmission window Time 754 (for example, combination corresponding to protection interval and reception window) between mouth 752.The beginning of Transfer Window 752 can be with The end alignment of the sequence of filling bit 736 starts to align with what is burst, but so aligns not necessarily.
The example of TDD operations for data receiver is provided with reference now to Fig. 9 A and 9B.Fig. 9 A are shown and Fig. 7 A and 8A Identical MAC and PHY.Fig. 9 B are alignd with Fig. 9 A to show according between each sublayer of some embodiments when receiving in Fig. 9 A The signal of offer.Fig. 9 B signal is so as to the upward solid arrow corresponding to Fig. 9 A.Relatively low pmd layer 716 is being lasted for TRX's Receiving window 906, (for example, Fig. 2 downstream window 202 and 208 for CNU 140, or Fig. 2 is used for CLT's 162 Row stream window 206 and 212) period reception signal 902 are simultaneously converted into bit stream 910, and the bit stream 910 is included in by lasting For TSpaceSpace it is separated be lasted for TDataPeriod in data frame 912 and idle character separator 914.Data frame 912 It is encoded and including parity bit.TDataCorresponding to reception window 906 and it is equal to TRX；TSpaceCorresponding to the TDD cycles the wherein PHY not Reception period 904 (for example, as Fig. 7 B and 8B Transfer Window 752 and protection interval combination period 904).By speed RPMD,RXBit stream 910 is provided to coaxial cable rate adaptor 714, speed RPMD,RXCan be use with equation (3) or (4) similar equation calculates.
Due to the asymmetry between upstream and downstream bandwidth, speed RPMD,RXIt may differ from RPMD,TX.In some realities Apply in example, there is less subcarrier can use in the upstream direction compared with the downstream direction, so as to cause to compare downstream The smaller upstream bandwidth of bandwidth.As a result, RPCS,RXIt is less than R in CLT 162PCS,TX, and it is more than R in CNU 140PCS,TX。 (RPCS,RXAnd RPCS,TXBetween difference cause T for transmissionBurstAnd TFillingRelative value be different from for receive TBurstAnd TFilling Relative value.) however, according to some embodiments, in both direction, RPMAConsistently there is identical value.
Bit interleaving 922 (or alternatively the leaving a void) in bit stream 910 of coaxial cable rate adaptor 714, So as to cause by speed RPMAIt is provided to PMA 710 bit stream 920.In addition to filling bit 922, bit stream 920 also wraps Include the encoded data frame 924 and idle character separator 926 corresponding with data frame 912 and separator 914.At PMA 710 Manage the bit stream 920 (for example, according to the standards of IEEE 802.3) and by speed RPCSBit stream 920 is forwarded to PMD 708, speed Rate RPCSEqual to RPMA。
The decoding data frames 924 of PCS 708 simultaneously remove parity bit, so as to obtain packet 602.PCS 708 is also removed and filled out Fill bit 922 and insert idle packet 604, so as to obtain bit stream 600 (Fig. 6 B).Bit stream 600 presses speed RxMIIAcross xMII 506 are transferred into RS 504 and MAC 502, speed RxMIIEqual to RPCSAnd RPMA.Moreover, these speed can with such as with reference to figure 7A- It is identical that what 7B and 8A-8B was described is used for the respective rate that data transmit.
In certain embodiments, Fig. 5 A and 6A PHY and Fig. 7 A, 8A and 9A PHY are (for example, Fig. 3 Hes of PHY 308 318) it is to use TDD to transmit and receive OFDM (OFDM) PHY of OFDM symbol.Figure 10 explanations are according to some embodiments This OFDM PHY 1006 operation.PHY 1006 by Media Independent Interface 1004 (for example, Fig. 5 A, 6A, 7A, 8A and/ Or the xMII 506 in 9A；Interface 306 in Fig. 3) full duplex MAC is coupled in (for example, the MAC in Fig. 5 A, 6A, 7A, 8A and 9A 502；MAC 304 or 314 in Fig. 3).In downstream direction, the MAC provides successive bits stream 1000 to PHY 1006.Under Row stream process circuit system 1008 (including for example, PCS 508, PMA 514 and PMD 516 (Fig. 5 A and 6A) downstream portion Or PCS 708, PMA 710 and PMD 712 (Fig. 7 A, 8A and 9A) downstream portion) in buffer 1009 from bit stream 1000 collect data.Once enough data have been have collected to be handled (for example, for encoding/OFDM symbol structure Build), the data are converted into time domain samples 1012 to be transmitted in OFDM symbol.Sample 1012 is buffered in buffer 1018 In, it is arranged to buffer 1018 being coupled to physical media interface 1024 until switching 1020, so as to start descending streaming Untill window.In Figure 10 example, downstream (DS) window phase of two downstream OFDM symbols 1022 in each TDD cycles Between transmitted.(in Fig. 10, there is its corresponding OFDM symbol of data in bit stream 1000 and 1002 identical to fill sample Formula).
During upstream window, switch 1020 is arranged to interface 1024 being coupled to upstream processing circuitry system Buffer 1014 in 1010.Upstream processing circuitry system 1010 includes such as PCS 508, PMA 514 and the (figures of PMD 516 5A and 6A) upstream portion or PCS 708, PMA 710 and PMD 712 (Fig. 7 A, 8A and 9A) upstream portion.Buffering Device 1014 buffers the time domain samples 1016 in received OFDM symbol.In Figure 10 example, two upstream OFDM codes Member 1022 is received during upstream (US) window in each TDD cycles.Once buffer 1014 is collected into enough samples 1016 to be handled (for example, FFT processing, demodulation or decoding), then the upstream processing circuitry system 1010 is by sample 1016 Bitstream data is converted to, thus recovers to be provided to full duplex MAC successive bits stream via Media Independent Interface 1004 1002。
Although Figure 10 shows that descending streaming and upstream receive, but downstream reception can be by similar with up streaming Mode performs (for example, in CNU 312, Fig. 3).
Figure 11 is according to the block diagram of the system 1100 of some embodiments, wherein with full duplex MAC 1104 and coaxial cable TDD PHY 1108 CLT 1102 is coupled to the CNU with full duplex MAC 1118 and coaxial cable TDD PHY 1122 1116.System 1100 is system 300 (Fig. 3) example.Coaxial cable links 1114 couple PHY 1108 and 1122.Medium is unrelated Interface 1106 couples MAC 1104 with the PHY 1108 in CLT 1102, and Media Independent Interface 1120 by MAC 1118 with PHY 1122 in CNU 1116 is coupled.In downstream direction, PHY 1108 performs mapping with by successive bits stream 1110 Data be converted to the OFDM symbol 1112 that PHY 1122 is transferred into during downstream window, and PHY 1122 performs mapping To recover the data from the OFDM symbol 1112 received and re-create successive bits stream 1110.In upstream direction, PHY 1122 performs mapping and is transferred into PHY during upstream window so that the data in successive bits stream 1110 to be converted to 1108 OFDM symbol 1112, and PHY 1108 performs mapping and laid equal stress on recovering the data from the OFDM symbol 1112 received It is new to create successive bits stream 1110.Although (in order to which concise Figure 11 shows single bit stream 1110, but it there are in fact in MAC Two between PHY 1122 between PHY 1108 in 1104 and CLT 1102 and in MAC 1118 and CNU 1116 The separated upstream and descending flow bit stream continuously transmitted in respective direction.)
Figure 12 further explains the descending streaming in the system 1100 (Figure 11) according to some embodiments.CLT's 1102 PHY 1108 receives continuous data bit stream during a series of DBA cycles 1202 from full duplex MAC 1104 (Figure 11).(DBA Refer to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation；The DBA cycles 1202 are another terms for the TDD cycles.Each DBA cycles 1202 include downstream Window 1204 and upstream window 1206, and protection interval (being not shown in fig. 12 in order to concise).) each DBA cycles 1202 are divided into four periods 1208,1210,1212 and 1214 (or more generally, multiple periods) for being lasted for Ts.Scheming In 10-12 example, two OFDM symbols transmit during each DBA cycles 1202 on downstream.Therefore, for it is each when The bitstream data of section 1208,1210,1212 and 1214 is the data for half OFDM symbol.
Data for first and second periods 1208 and 1210 in the first DBA cycles 1202 are provided to queue 1216 (for example, buffer 1009, Figure 10) is simultaneously buffered in the queue.Once the institute for the first and second periods 1208 and 1210 There are data to be collected, then perform fast fourier inverse transformation (IFFT) processing 1218 to be converted into sample, from the sample The OFDM symbol of this structure first.(for simplicity, other are handled, such as PCS 508 (Fig. 5 A and 6A) or PCS 708 (Fig. 7 A, 8A and 9A) in perform channel coding, omitted from Figure 12.) the first OFDM symbol is then the one of downstream window 1204 CNU 1116 PHY 1122, the portion of the downstream window 1204 are sent to during part from CLT 1102 PHY 1108 Divide and occur during first period 1208 in the 2nd DBA cycles 1202.During (RX) processing 1220 is received, PHY 1122 is from the One OFDM symbol recovers bitstream data and the bitstream data recovered is delivered into (1222) to MAC 1118.This delivering 1222 Last lasting (i.e. 2*Ts) equal to two shown periods.
Data for third and fourth period 1212 and 1214 in the first DBA cycles 1202 are provided to queue 1216 simultaneously Buffered in the queue.Once all data for the third and fourth period 1212 and 1214 have been collected, then perform fast Fast inverse fourier transform (IFFT) handles 1218 to be converted into sample, and the second OFDM symbol is built from the sample.It is (same Sample, for simplicity, other are handled, the letter such as performed in PCS 508 (Fig. 5 A and 6A) or PCS 708 (Fig. 7 A, 8A and 9A) Road encodes, and is omitted from Figure 12.) the second OFDM symbol is then during a part for downstream window 1204 by from CLT 1102 PHY 1108 is sent to CNU 1116 PHY 1122 (Figure 11), and the part of the downstream window 1204 is second Occur during second period 1210 in DBA cycles 1202.During (RX) processing 1220 is received, PHY 1122 (Figure 11) is from second OFDM symbol recovers bitstream data.PHY 1122 is then in the bit stream recovered to MAC 1118 (Figure 11) deliverings (1222) The bitstream data (1224) recovered is buffered before data.This delivering 1222 follows the data received in the first OFDM symbol closely Delivering 1222 after.
Descending streaming continues in this way, as a result, the bit stream being continuously resumed is delivered from PHY 1122 To CNU 1116 MAC 1118, even if OFDM symbol only passes during the part in each DBA cycles 1202 in downstream Send.
Although Figure 12 explains descending streaming, but up streaming can perform in a similar manner.
It attention is drawn to the OCU for being embodied as TDD repeaters.OCU 130-1 and 130-2 is provided above CLT 162 in the example of (Figure 1B), wherein OCU 130-1 or 130-2 includes full duplex MAC.For example, CLT 302 (Fig. 3) is wrapped Include full duplex MAC 304 and CLT 1102 (Figure 11) includes full duplex MAC 1104.However, in certain embodiments, OCU can quilt It is embodied as repeater, the repeater does not have the MAC of the coaxial cable PHY coupled to OCU.The repeater is by that will be received Signal is converted to coaxial cable form from light form or relays received signal in turn.It is implemented as receiver OCU does not include Figure 1B OCU 130-1 and 130-2 ONU 160 and CLT 162.Equally, it is same to be also sometimes referred to as optical fiber by OCU Shaft cable unit (FCU), media converter or coaxial cable medium converter (CMC).
Figure 13 A are the block diagrams according to the OCU 1300 for being embodied as repeater of some embodiments.OCU 1300 includes light PHY 1304, light PHY 1304 are connected to fiber link 1302 (and being connected to OLT 110, Figure 1B whereby) and coaxial cable PHY 1308, coaxial cable PHY 1308 are connected to coaxial cable links 1312 and (and are connected to whereby multiple in cable installation 150 CNU 140, Figure 1B).Light PHY 1304 is FDD (FDD) PHY, its transmitted on first frequency or frequency band optical signal and It is different from the second frequency or frequency band of first frequency or frequency band and receives optical signal.In certain embodiments, light PHY 1304 is EPON PHY.Light PHY 1304 is uploaded in fiber link 1302 by burst mode and is sent upstream；Its during the idle frame period not Transmission.
Coaxial cable PHY 1308 is TDD PHY (for example, coaxial cable PHY 308 (Fig. 3) or 1108 (Figure 11)).One In a little embodiments, coaxial cable PHY 1308 includes PCS 508；PMA514；With PMD 516 (Fig. 5 A and 6A), the PCS 508 is wrapped Include PCS layers 510 and TDD adapters 512.In certain embodiments, coaxial cable PHY 1308 includes PCS 708, PMA 710 With PMD 712, it includes coaxial cable rate adaptor 714 and relatively low pmd layer 716 (Fig. 7 A, 8A and 9A).In some embodiments In, coaxial cable PHY 1308 is OFDM PHY (for example, PHY 1006, Figure 10), and the OFDM PHY with reference to figure 10-12 as retouched Running as stating, difference is it is not to provide successive bits stream to MAC and receive successive bits stream from MAC, but this is coaxial Cable 1308 provides successive bits stream to light PHY 1304 and receives successive bits stream from light PHY 1304.
Bit buffer unit 1308 couples light PHY 1304 with coaxial cable PHY 1308.In certain embodiments, light PHY 1304 provide first with the form (for example, with XGMII forms) corresponding with Media Independent Interface to coaxial cable PHY 1308 Successive bits stream, coaxial cable PHY 1308 by it is fixed it is predefined in a manner of handle the first successive bits stream.Similarly, together Shaft cable PHY 1308 provides the second successive bits stream with same format to light PHY 1304.The buffering of bit buffer unit 1,306 first With the second successive bits stream.Bit buffer unit 1306 is so as to being Jie that light PHY 1304 and coaxial cable PHY 1308 are coupled A part for matter independent interfaces 1310.(Media Independent Interface 1310 is additionally included in the interface circuit system in PHY 1304 and 1308 System, in order to which simplicity is not shown in figure 13a.) in certain embodiments, bit buffer unit 1306 is abandoned and is not addressed to Any one CNU corresponding with coaxial cable links 1312 packet in CNU 140 in cable installation 150 (Figure 1A -1B).Example Such as, this packet is replaced with idle frame.According to some embodiments, bit buffer unit 1306 optionally comes including reconciliation sublayer Perform such filtering.
Figure 13 B explain the bit created by light PHY 1304 based on the downstream optical signals received via fiber link 1302 Stream 1320.Bit stream 1320 includes the first data 1322-1, the second data 1322-2 and the 3rd data 1322-3.Bit stream 1320 are lined up in bit buffer unit 1306 and are provided to coaxial cable PHY 1308.According to some embodiments, in Figure 13 C Shown, coaxial cable 1308 creates OFDM codes based on the bit stream 1320 transmitted during downstream window in downstream Member.The first pair OFDM symbol corresponding with the first bitstream data 1322-1 is passed during the first downstream window 1330-1 Send, the second pair OFDM symbol corresponding with the second bitstream data 1322-2 is passed during the second downstream window 1330-2 Send, and the three pair OFDM symbol corresponding with the 3rd bitstream data 1322-3 quilt during the 3rd downstream window 1330-3 Transmission.In this way, make coaxial cable TDD communications compatible with the light FDD communications in the OCU 1300 for being designed to repeater.
Figure 14 is the block diagram of network 1400, and network 1400 is equal with Figure 1B network 105, and difference is Figure 1B OCU 130-1 and 130-2 substitutes (Figure 13 A) by the OCU 130-3 and 130-4 for being implemented as repeater 1300.Because OCU 130-3 and 130-4 only performs PHY layer processing without performing MAC or higher processing, so from OCU 130-3 and 130-4 in terms of agreement visual angle It is invisible to CNU 140-4 to 140-8 and OLT 110.
Figure 15 is the flow chart for showing the data communications method 1500 according to some embodiments.Method 1500 is held in PHY Row (1502), all PHY of coaxial cable in this way 308 or 318 (Fig. 3) of PHY；Fig. 5 A and 6A PHY；Fig. 7 A, 8A and 9A PHY； PHY 1006 (Figure 10)；Coaxial cable PHY 1108 or 1122 (Figure 11)；And/or coaxial cable PHY 1308 (Figure 13 A).One In a little embodiments, performing the PHY of method 1500 wherein includes PCS, PMA and PMD sublayer.
In method 1500, (1504) first successive bits streams are received from Media Independent Interface.First successive bits stream Example includes bit stream 400 (Fig. 4), 520 (Fig. 5 B, 7B and 8B), 1000 (Figure 10) and 1110 (Figure 11).Media Independent Interface Example includes interface 306 or 316 (Fig. 3), xMII 506 (Fig. 5 A, 6A, 7A, 8A, and/or 9A), interface 1004 (Figure 10), interface 1106 or 1120 (Figure 11) and xMII 1310 (Figure 13 A).In certain embodiments, Media Independent Interface operates in 10Gbps XGMII.
(1506) the 3rd bit streams are generated (for example, bit stream 530 (Fig. 5 B), 730 (Fig. 7 B) based on the first successive bits stream Or 830 (Fig. 8 B)).It is adapted to the speed of (1508) the 3rd bit streams and in the time do not transmitted with PHY therebetween corresponding position It is middle that filling bit (or space) is inserted into (1508) into the 3rd bit stream.These times include more than second individual time windows (i.e., Individual operating time window 1512 more than second hereinafter) and (more than first i.e., hereinafter operate by more than first individual time windows Time window 1510) and individual time window more than second each corresponding separated protection interval of time window.
In certain embodiments, (1506) the 3rd bit streams are generated, the speed of (1508) the 3rd bit streams is adapted to and incites somebody to action Filling bit insertion (1508) performs into the 3rd bit stream in PCS.For example, upper PCS layers 510 (Fig. 5 A) generation conduct The speed and bit interleaving of bit stream 530 and TDD adapters 512 (Fig. 5 A) adaptation bit stream 530 of the 3rd bit stream 546, thus generate bit stream 540 (Fig. 5 B).Alternatively, (1506) the 3rd bit streams of generation perform in PCS；Adaptation The speed of (1508) the 3rd bit streams and filling bit is inserted into (1508) into the 3rd bit stream performed in PMD. For example, PCS 708 (Fig. 7 A and 8A) generates the bit stream 730 (Fig. 7 B) or 830 (Fig. 8 B) as the 3rd bit stream.PMD 712 The speed of the adaptation bit stream 730 or 830 of coaxial cable rate adaptor 714 in (Fig. 7 A and 8A) simultaneously inserts space 746, thus Generate bit stream 740 (Fig. 7 B and 8B).
In certain embodiments, the first successive bits stream include packet (for example, packet 522 (Fig. 5 B, 7B and 8B) (for example, idle packet 524 (Fig. 5 B, 7B and 8B), and generate (1506) the 3rd bit streams with idle packet and include from first Idle packet is deleted in successive bits stream and inserts parity bit into the packet.
(for example, downstream window 408 (Figure 4 and 5 B) or (figure of Transfer Window mouth 752 during individual time window more than first 7B and 8B)) transmission (1510) with first and the 3rd corresponding the first signal of successive bits stream (for example, downstream signal 550 (Fig. 5 B) or the signal 750 (Fig. 7 B and 8B) transmitted).
Equally in method 1500, in more than the second individual time windows for being different from individual time window more than first (for example, up Flow window 406 (Fig. 6 B) or receive window 906 (Fig. 9 B)) period reception (1512) secondary signal.Secondary signal corresponds to will be across Second successive bits stream of Media Independent Interface transmission.The example of secondary signal includes upstream signal 630 (Fig. 6 B) and institute The signal 902 (Fig. 9 B) of reception.The example of second successive bits stream includes bit stream 410 (Fig. 4), 600 (Fig. 6 B and 9B), 1002 (Figure 10) and 1110 (Figure 11).
In certain embodiments, according to TDD, received on the same frequency band with transmitting (1510) first signals thereon (1512) secondary signal.
It is to have packing ratio in the time not received with PHY therebetween corresponding position that secondary signal is changed into (1514) 4th bit stream (for example, bit stream 620, Fig. 6 B) of special (for example, filling bit 622, Fig. 6 B).These times include more than first Individual time window and by each corresponding separated protection interval of time window in more than first and second individual time windows.Alternatively, 4th bit stream (for example, bit stream 910, Fig. 9 B) has space in the position corresponding with more than first individual time windows. In some embodiments, (for example, in PMA 514 (Fig. 6 A)) generates the 4th bit stream in PMA.In some other embodiments In, (for example, in PMD 712 (Fig. 9 A)) generates the 4th bit stream in PMD.
(1516) the 5th bit streams (for example, bit stream 610 (Fig. 6 A) or 920 (Fig. 9 B)) are generated based on the 4th bit stream. Generating the 5th bit stream includes the speed of the 4th bit stream of adaptation and deletes filling bit from the 4th bit stream (or removing empty Gap).In certain embodiments, the 5th bit stream is generated in PCS.For example, the TDD adapters 512 in PCS 508 (Fig. 6 A) are suitable Speed with bit stream 620 simultaneously removes filling bit 622 from bit stream 620, thus generates bit stream 610 (Fig. 6 B).One In a little other embodiments, the 5th bit stream is generated in PMD.For example, the coaxial cable rate adaptor in PMD 712 (Fig. 9 A) The speed of 714 adaptation bit streams 910 simultaneously removes space from bit stream 910, thus generates bit stream 920 (Fig. 9 B).
(1518) second successive bits streams are generated based on the 5th bit stream.In certain embodiments, generation second is continuously compared Spy's stream includes deleting parity bit from the packet of the 5th bit stream and idle packet is inserted into the 5th bit stream.
(1520) second successive bits streams are provided (for example, by PCS 508 (Fig. 6 A) or 708 (figures to Media Independent Interface 9A))。
Although method 1500 includes seeming the several operations occurred with certain order, it is apparent that method 1500 can be included more More or less operations, these operate serializables or are performed in parallel.Two or more operation orders can change, two or The execution of more operations can be folded, and two or more operations can be combined into single operation.For example, operation 1504th, 1506,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518 and 1520 can be performed simultaneously in a manner of ongoing.
In the foregoing length of specification, various embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to its specific illustrative embodiment. But will be apparent that, can various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the disclosure illustrated in such as appended claims to it Wider range of spirit and scope.Correspondingly, the specification and drawings are considered as illustrative and nonrestrictive.

Claims (27)

1. a kind of physical layer equipment, including：
For receiving the first successive bits stream from Media Independent Interface and providing the second successive bits to the Media Independent Interface First sublayer of stream；And
For transmitting first signal corresponding with the first successive bits stream during individual time window more than first and in area Received not during more than second individual time windows of individual time window more than described first corresponding with the second successive bits stream Secondary signal the second sublayer, wherein first sublayer includes：
For generating one or more layers of the 3rd bit stream based on the first successive bits stream；And
For be adapted to the 3rd bit stream speed and with second sublayer therebetween do not transmit first signal when Between filling bit is inserted in corresponding position the time division duplex adapter of the 3rd bit stream, the time includes described Individual time window more than second.
2. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that second sublayer is used to upload in a common frequency band Send first signal and receive the secondary signal.
3. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
First sublayer includes Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS)；
Second sublayer includes Physical Medium Dependent sublayer (PMD)；And
The physical layer equipment further comprises the physical medium attachment sublayer being coupling between the PCS and the PMD (PMA)。
4. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The time window of individual time window more than described first has first to last；
The time window of individual time window more than described second has second to last；
3rd protection interval lasted separates each corresponding time window of more than described first and second individual time windows；And
The time division duplex adapter is used to the speed of the 3rd bit stream being adapted to by Graph One factor, and the factor is equal to described First lasts and described first, second, and third ratio for lasting sum.
5. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The first successive bits stream includes packet and idle packet；And
One or more of layers of first sublayer are used to delete the idle packet simultaneously from the first successive bits stream Parity bit is inserted into the packet.
6. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that first sublayer includes：
For receiving fourth bit stream corresponding with the secondary signal and by being adapted to the speed of the 4th bit stream simultaneously Filling bit is deleted from the 4th bit stream to generate the time division duplex adapter of the 5th bit stream, wherein the filling bit Positioned at corresponding with the time that second sublayer does not receive the secondary signal therebetween position in the 4th bit stream In, the time includes more than described first individual time windows；And
For generating one or more layers of the second successive bits stream based on the 5th bit stream.
7. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：
The time window of individual time window more than described first has first to last；
The time window of individual time window more than described second has second to last；
3rd protection interval lasted separates each corresponding time window of more than described first and second individual time windows；And
The time division duplex adapter is used to the speed of the 4th bit stream being adapted to by Graph One factor, and the factor is equal to described Second lasts and described first, second, and third ratio for lasting sum.
8. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：
The second successive bits stream includes packet and idle packet；
5th bit stream includes the packet；And
One or more of layers of first sublayer are used to the idle packet being inserted into the first successive bits stream In and from the packet delete parity bit.
9. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The physical layer equipment is located in coax line terminal；
Individual time window more than described first includes downstream time window；And
Individual time window more than described second includes upstream time window.
10. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The physical layer equipment is located in coax network unit；
Individual time window more than described first includes upstream time window；And
Individual time window more than described second includes downstream time window.
11. a kind of physical layer equipment, including：
For receiving the first successive bits stream from Media Independent Interface and providing the second successive bits to the Media Independent Interface First sublayer of stream；And
For transmitting first signal corresponding with the first successive bits stream during individual time window more than first and in area Received not during more than second individual time windows of individual time window more than described first corresponding with the second successive bits stream Secondary signal the second sublayer；Wherein
First sublayer is used to generate the 3rd bit stream based on the first successive bits stream；And
Second sublayer include be used for by be adapted to the 3rd bit stream speed and with second sublayer therebetween not The time for transmitting first signal inserts space in corresponding position the rate adaptor of the 3rd bit stream, described Time includes more than described second individual time windows.
12. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that second sublayer further comprises being used for the Four bit streams are converted to one or more layers of first signal.
13. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that：
The first successive bits stream includes packet and idle packet；And
First sublayer includes being used to delete the idle packet from the first successive bits stream and parity bit is inserted into institute Packet is stated to generate one or more layers of the 3rd bit stream.
14. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 13, it is characterised in that：
One or more of layers of first sublayer are further used for the packet being organized as by the described 3rd ratio Filling bit in spy's stream is separated to be burst, and described burst is lasted and the filling bit lasts with second with first；With And
The rate adaptor is used to the speed of the 3rd bit stream being adapted to by Graph One factor, and the factor is equal to described first Last and the described first and second ratios for lasting sum.
15. a kind of physical layer equipment, including：
For receiving the first successive bits stream from Media Independent Interface and providing the second successive bits to the Media Independent Interface First sublayer of stream；And
For transmitting first signal corresponding with the first successive bits stream during individual time window more than first and in area Received not during more than second individual time windows of individual time window more than described first corresponding with the second successive bits stream Secondary signal the second sublayer, wherein second sublayer includes：
For the secondary signal to be converted to one or more layers of the 4th bit stream, the 4th bit stream with institute therebetween Stating the time that the second sublayer does not receive the secondary signal has space in corresponding position, and the time includes described first Multiple time windows；And
For being adapted to the speed of the 4th bit stream and the rate adaptor in the space being removed from the 4th bit stream.
16. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that the rate adaptor is further used for filling Bit inserts the 4th bit stream.
17. physical layer equipment as claimed in claim 16, it is characterised in that first sublayer is used for from the 4th bit Stream deletes the filling bit, deletes parity bit from the packet in the 4th bit stream, and idle packet is inserted Into the 4th bit stream, to generate the second successive bits stream.
18. a kind of method of data communication, including：
The first successive bits stream is received from Media Independent Interface；
The second successive bits stream is provided to the Media Independent Interface；
First signal corresponding with the first successive bits stream is transmitted during individual time window more than first；
Received and second successive bits during more than second individual time windows of individual time window more than described first are different from Flow corresponding secondary signal；
3rd bit stream is generated based on the first successive bits stream；
It is adapted to the speed of the 3rd bit stream；And
Filling bit is inserted into institute in the time for not transmitting first signal with physical layer equipment therebetween corresponding position The 3rd bit stream is stated, the time includes more than described second individual time windows, wherein the 3rd bit stream corresponds to described the One signal.
19. method as claimed in claim 18, it is characterised in that：
The first successive bits stream includes packet and idle packet；And
Generating the 3rd bit stream includes deleting the idle packet from the first successive bits stream and inserts parity bit The packet.
20. method as claimed in claim 18, it is characterised in that：
The physical layer equipment includes PCS, PMA and PMD sublayer；And
The generation, adaptation and insertion perform in the PCS.
21. method as claimed in claim 18, it is characterised in that：
The physical layer equipment includes PCS, PMA and PMD；
The 3rd bit stream is generated to perform in the PCS；And
The adaptation and insertion perform in the PMD.
22. method as claimed in claim 18, it is characterised in that：
The transmission, which is included on a frequency band, transmits first signal；And
The reception, which is included on the frequency band, receives the secondary signal.
23. method as claimed in claim 18, it is characterised in that further comprise：
The secondary signal is converted into the 4th bit stream, the 4th bit stream does not receive with the physical layer equipment therebetween There is filling bit in time of the secondary signal corresponding position, the time includes more than described first individual time windows Mouthful；And
5th bit stream is generated based on the 4th bit stream, wherein generating the 5th bit stream includes：
It is adapted to the speed of the 4th bit stream；And
The filling bit is deleted from the 4th bit stream.
24. method as claimed in claim 23, its feature exists, and further comprises connecting based on the 5th bit stream generation second Continuous bit stream, wherein generating the second successive bits stream includes：
Parity bit is deleted from the packet in the 5th bit stream；And
Idle packet is inserted into the 5th bit stream.
25. method as claimed in claim 24, it is characterised in that：
The physical layer equipment includes PCS, PMA and PMD sublayer；
The 4th bit stream is generated to perform in the PMA；And
Generate the 5th bit stream and the second successive bits stream performs in the PCS.
26. a kind of method of data communication, including：
The first successive bits stream is received from Media Independent Interface；
The second successive bits stream is provided to the Media Independent Interface；
First signal corresponding with the first successive bits stream is transmitted during individual time window more than first；
Received and second successive bits during more than second individual time windows of individual time window more than described first are different from Flow corresponding secondary signal；
The secondary signal is converted into the 4th bit stream, the 4th bit stream do not received with physical layer equipment therebetween it is described There is space in time of secondary signal corresponding position, the time includes more than described first individual time windows；
It is adapted to the speed of the 4th bit stream；And
The space is removed from the 4th bit stream.
27. method as claimed in claim 26, it is characterised in that：
The physical layer equipment includes PCS, PMA and PMD sublayer；And
The conversion, adaptation and removal perform in the PMD.
CN201380032713.XA 2012-06-21 2013-06-12 For realizing the method and system of the time division duplex in physical layer Expired - Fee Related CN105052062B (en)

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US201261702195P 2012-09-17 2012-09-17
US61/702,195 2012-09-17
US13/794,362 2013-03-11
US13/794,362 US8989577B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2013-03-11 Methods and systems for implementing time-division duplexing in the physical layer
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