CN105048727A - Method for forming ''novel motor'' from ''prototype motor'' - Google Patents
Method for forming ''novel motor'' from ''prototype motor'' Download PDFInfo
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- CN105048727A CN105048727A CN201510530600.3A CN201510530600A CN105048727A CN 105048727 A CN105048727 A CN 105048727A CN 201510530600 A CN201510530600 A CN 201510530600A CN 105048727 A CN105048727 A CN 105048727A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for forming a ''novel motor'' from a ''prototype motor''. On the basis of parameters of the ''prototype motor'', through an equivalent method, corresponding parameters of the ''novel motor'' are acquired; and windings of the ''novel motor'' are fabricated according to the parameters of the ''novel motor'', so as to obtain the ''novel motor''. According to the ''novel motor'' provided by the invention, three-phase windings of a stator are in Y connection; and the system output characteristics of the ''novel motor'' completely correspond to those of the ''prototype motor''.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the threephase asynchronous machine field for frequency control, be specifically related to a kind of method being formed " New-type electric machine " by " prototype machine ".
Background technology
At present, variable-frequency driving technique is extensively applied among the driven by power of all trades and professions, and all kinds of frequency converter product is constantly weeded out the old and bring forth the new, and promotes improving and progress of this technology.
Motor and frequency converter are combined into unit the most basic in a frequency changing driving system (hereinafter referred to as system), and all kinds of threephase asynchronous machine (hereinafter referred to as general-purpose machine) is the motor that in existing system, use amount is maximum.
The general-purpose machine rated frequency fe=50Hz of China, rated voltage Ue is mostly 380V.The rated voltage of different regions general-purpose machine is different abroad, and rated frequency has 50Hz, also has 60Hz, and they are all consistent with local line voltage grade and frequency.
General-purpose machine and frequency converter are combined into system, and the output characteristic curve (hereinafter referred to as system performance) of system as shown in Figure 1.Article two, " flex point " of curve is only corresponding with the rated frequency fe=50Hz (or fe=60Hz) of motor." flex point " is divided into permanent torque and Constant-power drive Two Areas the speed governing of system, and in fact, system that is domestic, that be abroad made up of general-purpose machine at present, its system performance mostly as shown in Figure 1.If the synchronous speed that rated frequency fe corresponding to " flex point " in accompanying drawing 1 is converted to 2 poles, 4 poles, 6 poles, 8 poles and 10 pole general-purpose machines respectively, then the system performance figure of accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 3, accompanying drawing 4, accompanying drawing 5 and accompanying drawing 6 can be obtained respectively.Being less than synchronous speed is permanent torque drive area, and being greater than synchronous speed is Constant-power drive region.
The applicant submits the patent application (hereinafter referred to as A application) of " designing stator winding to transform the method for designing of general-purpose machine by load characteristic and requirement " on April 12nd, 2007, authorized, the patent No.: 200710039396.0; The PCT application of " a kind of method being formed " its derivative motors " by " prototype machine " " is have submitted on August 18th, 2008, application number: PCT/CN2008/00148 (hereinafter referred to as B application), this application enters (China) thenational phase on August 18th, 2010, on December 6th, 2011 is authorized to, the patent No.: 200880127377.6.
The technical method that A application and B application propose, be the general triphase induction type asynchronous machine (hereinafter referred to as general-purpose machine or " prototype machine ") of 50Hz (or 60Hz) rated frequency, when not changing its seat No., overall dimension and stators and rotators core dimensions, by the rule that threephase stator winding conducting wire copper consumption is suitable, to the three-phase windings coil number of turn, the variation of Y-△ connecting mode between the series and parallel of every phase coil and three-phase windings, and then obtain should numerous " its derivative motors " of " prototype machine ".
The technical method that A application and B application propose, can allow " prototype machine " of any one to obtain its " its derivative motors " group.Each " prototype machine " be substantially all identical with the wire copper consumption of the seat No. of its " its derivative motors ", overall dimension, internal stator, rotor core size, three-phase windings, the consumptive material namely manufacturing " its derivative motors " is identical with its " prototype machine ".
When the frequency converter composition system cloud gray model that each " its derivative motors " matches with it, its rated voltage is constant, when exporting rated power under its rated frequency, current density in stator winding and rotor conductor and its " prototype machine " current density when rated power is identical, that is their stators when respective rated power, rotor copper loss are identical substantially, but their rated frequency, rated current, rated output power are not identical.If the rated frequency of " its derivative motors " is 150Hz, then its rated current and rated output power are 3 times of its " prototype machine ".
Following result can be drawn from the comparing of above-mentioned " its derivative motors " and its " prototype machine " something in common and difference:
1. motor runs is a kind of mode electric energy and mechanical energy changed mutually, and " prototype machine ", to increase transfer power, just needs the rated output power increasing it, and the consumptive material manufacturing motor will increase." its derivative motors " if 2 times, 3 times or 4 times of rated frequency its " prototype machine ", so, its power output is exactly 2 times, 3 times or 4 times of its " prototype machine ", and its manufacture consumptive material is identical with " prototype machine ".
2. " its derivative motors " and its " prototype machine ", when they export rated power operation under respective rated frequency, although respective rated current is not identical, but their current densities in stator winding and rotor conductor are identical, and that is their copper loss is identical substantially.If the rated output power of " its derivative motors " is 2 times, 3 times or 4 times of its " prototype machine ", their copper loss is substantially identical again, so just significantly can decrease the copper loss of motor self in conversion process of energy, improve the operational efficiency of motor, because copper loss is the main factor affecting motor operational efficiency.
The technology of A, B two application is prior art, applies this technical limit spacing " its derivative motors " and is difficult to the simple replacement general-purpose machine identical with its rated power.Such as: a rated power Pe=15kw general-purpose machine, if obtain its fe=150Hz, " its derivative motors " of Pe=45kw, after it is combined into system, if the synchronous speed of " its derivative motors " is not identical with the synchronous speed of rated power Pe=45kw general-purpose machine, be irreplaceable.Because the two system performance formed separately is not identical, the system performance after replacement is not mated with driven load characteristic.
In theory, if the output of motor can be adjusted and by the transmission speed ratio driven between load, namely suitably have adjusted the matching relationship of system performance and load characteristic, then " its derivative motors " just can replace former general-purpose machine.But, in practical operation this adjustment often difficulty, cannot realize even completely.
Summary of the invention
The object of the application formerly under also not making the prerequisite of any transmission speed ratio adjustment, is directly replaced the general-purpose machine in original system by driving load characteristic with a kind of New-type electric machine not changing, and keeps the system performance after replacing and load characteristic to match.
More specifically, formed the method for " New-type electric machine " by " prototype machine " according to one provided by the invention, based on the parameter of " prototype machine ", pass through equivalent method, obtain the parameter of corresponding " New-type electric machine ", make the winding of " New-type electric machine " according to the parameter of " New-type electric machine ", thus obtain " New-type electric machine "; Wherein, equivalent method is:
Step one: based on the number of poles of " prototype machine " and rated frequency, determine number of poles and the rated frequency of " New-type electric machine ", wherein, the number of poles of " New-type electric machine " and the number of poles of rated frequency and " prototype machine " and rated frequency direct proportionality;
Step 2: external diameter and the internal diameter ratio of determining the stator punching of " New-type electric machine " according to the number of poles of " New-type electric machine ", and number of stator slots and the stator and rotor groove number mix proportion of determining " New-type electric machine ";
Step 3: utilize the Y-△ conversion factor between " prototype machine " and " New-type electric machine ", according to the parameter of " prototype machine ", obtains the winding parameter of " New-type electric machine ";
Step 4: utilize headroom sectional area coefficient in groove, according to the relevant parameter of " prototype machine ", obtains headroom sectional area in the stator punching of " New-type electric machine " and the groove of rotor punching; And wherein
The three-phase windings of " New-type electric machine " stator is Y and connects, and " New-type electric machine " is completely corresponding with the system output characteristic of " prototype machine ".
Further, according to method provided by the present invention, in step one, the number of poles of " New-type electric machine " is more than 2 times of the number of poles of " prototype machine " and less than 3 times, and the rated frequency of " New-type electric machine " is more than 2 times of the rated frequency of " prototype machine " and less than 3 times; And
The rated frequency of " New-type electric machine " becomes large along with the number of poles increase of " New-type electric machine ".
Further, according to method provided by the present invention, in step 2, the external diameter of the stator punching of " New-type electric machine " and internal diameter ratio increase along with the number of poles of " New-type electric machine " and reduce, and make " New-type electric machine " meet following relational expression with the geometric parameter of " prototype machine ":
Vn＝Dn
2·Ln(1)；
Vp=Dp
2lp (2); And
Vn≥Vp(3)；
Wherein, Dn is the rotor diameter of " New-type electric machine ", and Ln is the length of the iron core of " New-type electric machine "; Dp is the rotor diameter of " prototype machine ", and Lp is the length of the iron core of " prototype machine ".
Further, according to method provided by the present invention, in step 2, determine number of stator slots and the stator and rotor groove number mix proportion of " New-type electric machine " according to the number of poles of " New-type electric machine ", and make the stator and rotor groove number of " New-type electric machine " meet following relational expression:
Z1-Z2≠±1(4)；
Z1-Z2≠±P±1(5)；
Wherein, Z1 is the number of stator slots of " New-type electric machine ", and Z2 is the rotor number of " New-type electric machine ", and P is the number of poles of " New-type electric machine ".
Further, according to method provided by the present invention, in step 2,
If the number of stator slots of " New-type electric machine " and stator and rotor groove number mix proportion are defined as identical with stator and rotor groove number mix proportion with the number of stator slots of " prototype machine ", conductor cross-section sum end ring sectional area in the rotor of then " New-type electric machine " in each groove is identical with " prototype machine ", and the total number of turns of " New-type electric machine " every phase winding is identical with " prototype machine " that Y connects; Or
If the number of stator slots of " New-type electric machine " and stator and rotor groove number mix proportion are defined as different with stator and rotor groove number mix proportion from the number of stator slots of " prototype machine ", the total sectional area of all conducting in the rotor of then " New-type electric machine " is identical with " prototype machine " with end ring total sectional area, and the total number of turns of " New-type electric machine " every phase winding is identical with " prototype machine " that Y connects.
Further, according to method provided by the present invention, in step 3, Y-△ conversion factor is: when the three-phase windings of " prototype machine " is that Y connects, then Y-△ conversion factor is 1; When the three-phase windings of " prototype machine " stator is that △ connects, then Y-△ conversion factor is
The parameter of " prototype machine " comprises that the stator winding of " prototype machine " is every to be connected or △ connected mode with the Y of sectional area of wire, the parallel branch number of the every phase winding of " prototype machine " stator and the three-phase windings of " prototype machine " stator with the number of turn in every groove of the number of turn of the sectional area of wire of each coil, every phase total number of turns of " prototype machine " stator winding, each coil of " prototype machine " stator winding, " prototype machine " stator winding mutually.
Further, according to method provided by the present invention, in step 4,
The total sectional area that headroom sectional area needed for the stator slot of " New-type electric machine " is multiplied by the stator slot inside conductor of " New-type electric machine " by headroom sectional area coefficient in groove obtains; And
The headroom sectional area of the rotor of " New-type electric machine " is: when " New-type electric machine " is identical with the rotor number of " prototype machine ", the headroom sectional area of the rotor of " New-type electric machine " is identical with the headroom sectional area of the rotor of " prototype machine "; When " New-type electric machine " is not identical with the rotor number of " prototype machine ", the headroom sectional area of the rotor of adjustment " New-type electric machine ", to make the wire total sectional area in the rotor of " New-type electric machine " identical with " prototype machine " with end ring sectional area; Wherein
In groove, headroom sectional area coefficient adds that insulating barrier occupies the gross area in space occupied by insulating material in actual space and groove, the coefficient that the copper factor divided by 0.75 obtains for round conductors all in stator slot.
Further, according to method provided by the present invention, in step 4, in groove, headroom sectional area coefficient value is between 1.85 ~ 1.92.Preferably, in groove, headroom sectional area coefficient value is 1.89.
According to " New-type electric machine " that obtained by " prototype machine " that the application provides, not only change the rated frequency fe of motor, also change the number of poles (poles) of motor simultaneously.By such mode, no matter the number of poles of " prototype machine " is how many, corresponding " New-type electric machine " all has the system performance completely corresponding with " prototype machine ", thus directly can replace the general-purpose machine in original system, keeps the system performance after replacing and load characteristic to match.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The system performance of Fig. 1 to be the rated frequency Fe corresponding with present pre-ferred embodiments be prototype machine of 50Hz (or 60Hz);
Fig. 2 is for according to embodiments of the invention by rated frequency Fe being the system performance that the prototype machine of 50Hz (or 60Hz) is converted to 2 pole motor in synchrony rotating speeds;
Fig. 3 is for according to embodiments of the invention by rated frequency Fe being the system performance that the prototype machine of 50Hz (or 60Hz) is converted to 4 pole motor in synchrony rotating speeds;
Fig. 4 is for according to embodiments of the invention by rated frequency Fe being the system performance that the prototype machine of 50Hz (or 60Hz) is converted to 6 pole motor in synchrony rotating speeds;
Fig. 5 is for according to embodiments of the invention by rated frequency Fe being the system performance that the prototype machine of 50Hz (or 60Hz) is converted to 8 pole motor in synchrony rotating speeds;
Fig. 6 is for according to embodiments of the invention by rated frequency Fe being the system performance that the prototype machine of 50Hz (or 60Hz) is converted to 10 pole motor in synchrony rotating speeds;
The structural representation of Fig. 7 to be the model corresponding with the embodiment of the present invention be stator punching of the prototype machine of Y2--280S-8;
Fig. 8 is be the structural representation of the stator punching of the New-type electric machine of N--250M-24 according to the model of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
New-type electric machine before elaboration content of the present invention, the related content being necessary to make brief of the introduction in A, B two application because the design of " New-type electric machine " provided by the present invention need application two to apply in principle and technical method.
Following applicant calls " New-type electric machine " (NewMotor) motor provided by the invention, represents with Mn.The general-purpose machine be replaced is referred to as " prototype machine " (PrototypeMotor), represents with Mp." its derivative motors " (DerivedMotor) filed an application before the applicant is represented with Md.
During the A application proposed before applicant and B apply for, its numerous Md can be formed from any one " prototype machine ", two applications highlight the size of seat No., overall dimension and the stator and rotor iron core not changing Mp, by the principle that Stator winding wires copper consumption is suitable, the number of turn only to coil every in three-phase windings, the combination that between the series, parallel of every phase winding coil and three-phase windings, Y-△ connecting mode changes separately, and then obtain numerous Md.
Wherein, about the equivalent method in the B application of " its derivative motors " is: with the stator winding parameter of Mp for benchmark, by the rule that stator winding copper consumption is suitable, obtain the equivalent coefficient S be associated between Md and Mp, be multiplied by the parameter of corresponding Mp again by this equivalent coefficient S, calculate the parameter of Md.And equivalent coefficient S is the product of number of turn factor X, connection in series-parallel factor Z and Y-△ conversion factor Y, i.e. S=X × Z × Y.Wherein number of turn factor X is the ratio of each pitch of the laps number of turn in the number of turn of each coil in Mp stator winding and Md stator winding.I.e. X=T/T ± N (T is the number of turn of each coil of Mp, and N is the natural number of 0,1,2,3,4).In Mp stator winding, each coil successively reduces or increases by 1 circle, all forms the number of turn of a new Md stator winding coil.Connection in series-parallel factor Z is when the coil sum of the corresponding every phase winding of Mp stator of the coil sum of the every phase winding of Md stator is constant, with the ratio of the every phase winding parallel branch of Mp.When Mp three-phase windings is that Y connects, Md three-phase windings is also that Y connects, and Y-△ conversion factor Y value is 1; Connect if Md changes △ into, then Y-△ conversion factor Y value is
when Mp three-phase windings is that △ connects, Md three-phase windings is also that △ connects, and Y-△ conversion factor Y value is 1; Connect if Md changes Y into, then Y-△ conversion factor Y value is
" its derivative motors " Mp obtained by such method is compared with " prototype machine " Md, the aspects such as overall dimension, seat No., consumptive material, rated voltage Ue, number of poles, current in wire density are all identical, and both rated frequency fe, synchronous speed, rated power Pe and rated current Ie etc. are then different.
Different from above-mentioned " its derivative motors ", the application provides a kind of " New-type electric machine " Mn completely newly.According to " New-type electric machine " Mn that the application provides, not only change the rated frequency fe of motor, also change the number of poles (poles) of motor, and Mn three-phase windings is Y connecting mode simultaneously.By such mode, no matter the number of poles of " prototype machine " is how many, corresponding " New-type electric machine " all has the system performance completely corresponding with " prototype machine ", thus directly can replace the general-purpose machine in original system, keeps the system performance after replacing and load characteristic to match.
What propose the present invention below with reference to preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail from the method for " prototype machine " formation " New-type electric machine ".Specifically, corresponding to " prototype machine " Mp of rated frequency Fe=50Hz, the application selects the rated frequency Fe of " New-type electric machine " Mn of correspondence at 100Hz-150Hz.Further, corresponding to the Mp of Fe=50Hz, when they be respectively 2 poles, 4 poles, 6 poles, 8 poles or 10 pole time, the Mn of design in the selection of Fe and corresponding number of poles should in accordance with following list 1 in option regulation.
List 1
When designing corresponding " New-type electric machine " Mn according to " prototype machine " Mp of Fe=50Hz, the rated frequency Fe of " New-type electric machine " Mn and the option of corresponding number of poles are as above shown in list 1.
Equally, corresponding to " prototype machine " Mp of rated frequency Fe=60Hz, the rated frequency Fe of corresponding " New-type electric machine " Mn selects at 120Hz-180Hz.Further, corresponding to the Mp of Fe=60Hz, when they be respectively 2 poles, 4 poles, 6 poles, 8 poles or 10 pole time, the Mn of design in the selection of Fe and corresponding number of poles should in accordance with list 2 in option regulation.
List 2
That is, according to method provided by the present invention, first based on the number of poles of " prototype machine " and rated frequency, determine number of poles and the rated frequency of " New-type electric machine ", wherein, the number of poles of " New-type electric machine " and the number of poles of rated frequency and " prototype machine " and rated frequency direct proportionality.Further, in the preferred embodiment of the application, the number of poles of " New-type electric machine " is more than 2 times of the number of poles of " prototype machine " and less than 3 times, the rated frequency of " New-type electric machine " be more than 2 times of the rated frequency of " prototype machine " and less than 3 times (in this article, the implication of statement " more than 2 times and less than 3 times " is the whole multiples in 2 times to 3 times intervals, and comprises 2 times of these numbers and 3 times of these numbers); And the rated frequency of " New-type electric machine " becomes large along with the number of poles increase of " New-type electric machine ".But the present invention is not limited to this, to those skilled in the art, the number of poles of " New-type electric machine " and " prototype machine " and the proportional numerical value of rated frequency can be selected arbitrarily, as long as make both proportional, and the rated frequency of " New-type electric machine " is made to become large along with the number of poles increase of " New-type electric machine ".
Further, the middle-size and small-size general-purpose machine of China's Y-series is with IEC design standard, and axle center height is from 70mm-355mm, and point 14 class seat No., Mp is the seat No. of IEC standard, then the seat No. of Mn should meet the standard of IEC equally.Most Mn compares Mp seat No. can a little class, and also have young waiter in a wineshop or an inn's class, even individual other can be same seat No..The operating general-purpose machine of reality, have much not according to the design of IEC Standard Machine seat number, when they need the Mn designing them as Mp, the regulation of list 1 and list 2 is applicable equally.
Next, the number of poles of " New-type electric machine " Mn determined according to above step determines the ratio between the outer diameter D 1 of the stator punching of " New-type electric machine " and internal diameter D2.As a rule, number of poles is larger, then the ratio of D1 and D2 is less.Further, in the preferred embodiment, the number of poles of Mn is 2-3 times of Mp number of poles, needs to select the ratio between rational D1 and D2, to meet the needs of Mn design.As following list 3 is recorded, list the selection of 4-30 pole Mn stator punching outer diameter D 1 and internal diameter D2 ratio.
List 3
List 3 is the application is the stator punching outer diameter D 1 of Mn setting of 4-30 pole and the scope of the ratio of internal diameter D2, and how suitably a certain numerical value in selected scope, then need careful accounting.Generally, more greatly, large seat No. punching value is less for the punching value of little seat No..More specifically, in the present invention, the external diameter of the stator punching of " New-type electric machine " Mn and internal diameter ratio increase and reduce along with the number of poles of " New-type electric machine "; And make " New-type electric machine " meet following relational expression with the geometric parameter of " prototype machine " Mp:
Vn＝Dn
2·Ln(1)；
Vp=Dp
2lp (2); And
Vn≥Vp(3)；
Wherein, Dn is the rotor diameter of " New-type electric machine " Mn, and Ln is the length of the iron core of " New-type electric machine " Mn; Dp is the rotor diameter of " prototype machine " Mp, and Lp is the length of the iron core of " prototype machine " Mp.
Further, number of stator slots and the stator and rotor groove number mix proportion of " New-type electric machine " Mn is determined according to the number of poles of " New-type electric machine " Mn.More specifically, determine number of stator slots and the stator and rotor groove number mix proportion of " New-type electric machine " according to the number of poles of " New-type electric machine " Mn, and make the stator and rotor groove number of " New-type electric machine " Mn meet following relational expression:
Z1-Z2≠±1(4)；
Z1-Z2≠±P±1(5)；
Wherein, Z1 is the number of stator slots of " New-type electric machine " Mn, and Z2 is the rotor number of " New-type electric machine " Mn, and P is the number of poles of " New-type electric machine " Mn.
If the number of stator slots of " New-type electric machine " Mn and stator and rotor groove number mix proportion are defined as identical with stator and rotor groove number mix proportion with the number of stator slots of " prototype machine " Mp, conductor cross-section sum end ring sectional area in the rotor of then " New-type electric machine " Mn in each groove is identical with " prototype machine " Mp, and the total number of turns of " New-type electric machine " every phase winding is identical with " prototype machine " Mp that Y connects; Or
If the number of stator slots of " New-type electric machine " Mn and stator and rotor groove number mix proportion are defined as different with stator and rotor groove number mix proportion from the number of stator slots of " prototype machine " Mp, the total sectional area of all conducting in the rotor of then " New-type electric machine " Mn is identical with " prototype machine " Mp with end ring total sectional area, and the total number of turns of " New-type electric machine " every phase winding is identical with " prototype machine " Mp that Y connects.
Next, utilize the Y-△ conversion factor between " prototype machine " Mp and " New-type electric machine " Mn, according to the parameter of " prototype machine " Mp, obtain the winding parameter of " New-type electric machine " Mn.More specifically, wherein, the three-phase windings due to " New-type electric machine " stator is Y and connects, and Y-△ conversion factor is in the present invention: when the three-phase windings of " prototype machine " is that Y connects, then Y-△ conversion factor is 1; When the three-phase windings of " prototype machine " stator is that △ connects, then Y-△ conversion factor is
in addition, the parameter of " prototype machine " comprises that the stator winding of " prototype machine " is every to be connected or △ connected mode with the Y of the number of turn, the parallel branch number of the every phase winding of " prototype machine " stator and the three-phase windings of " prototype machine " stator in every groove of the number of turn of the sectional area of wire of each coil, every phase total number of turns of " prototype machine " stator winding, each coil of " prototype machine " stator winding, " prototype machine " stator winding mutually.
Next, utilize headroom sectional area coefficient in groove, according to the relevant parameter of " prototype machine " Mp, obtain headroom sectional area in the stator punching of " New-type electric machine " Mn and the groove of rotor punching; And wherein, the three-phase windings of " New-type electric machine " Mn stator is Y and connects, and " New-type electric machine " Mn is completely corresponding with the system output characteristic of " prototype machine " Mp.More specifically, in the present invention, the total sectional area that the headroom sectional area needed for stator slot of " New-type electric machine " is multiplied by the stator slot inside conductor of " New-type electric machine " by headroom sectional area coefficient in groove obtains.The headroom sectional area of the rotor of " New-type electric machine " is: when " New-type electric machine " is identical with the rotor number of " prototype machine ", the headroom sectional area of the rotor of " New-type electric machine " is identical with the headroom sectional area of the rotor of " prototype machine "; When " New-type electric machine " is not identical with the rotor number of " prototype machine ", the headroom sectional area of the rotor of adjustment " New-type electric machine ", to make the wire total sectional area in the rotor of " New-type electric machine " identical with " prototype machine " with end ring sectional area; Wherein, in groove, headroom sectional area coefficient adds that insulating barrier occupies the gross area in space occupied by insulating material in actual space and groove, the coefficient that the copper factor divided by 0.75 obtains for round conductors all in stator slot.More specifically, the applicant of the application rule of thumb obtains, and in groove, headroom sectional area coefficient value is between 1.85 ~ 1.92, and such result of calculation is the most accurate.By calculating headroom sectional area in groove like this, space unnecessary in groove can be reduced as far as possible, thus be conducive to the width increasing stator yoke and teeth portion.Further, according to headroom sectional area coefficient in the groove that the application provides, total namely the sectional area of groove inside conductor is multiplied by COEFFICIENT K, be exactly the headroom sectional area needed for stator slot.Thus the headroom sectional area that can obtain easily needed for stator slot, as long as stator slot slightly larger than calculating needed for sectional area.
Through above step, the method of " New-type electric machine " can be formed by " prototype machine " according to one provided by the invention, based on the parameter of " prototype machine ", pass through equivalent method, obtain the parameter of corresponding " New-type electric machine ", make the winding of " New-type electric machine " according to the parameter of " New-type electric machine ", thus obtain " New-type electric machine "
Next, how to be formed " New-type electric machine " by " prototype machine " according to method provided by the invention to clearly illustrate, with China Y-series general-purpose machine Y2-280S-8 (fe=50Hz, Pe=37kw, 8 poles) be example as Mp, illustrate several steps of the Mn obtaining it:
1, the relevant data of Y2-280S-8 motor is gathered
Seat No.: 280S, Pe=37kw, Ie=76.2A, core length L=190mm, gas length 0.7mm, stator outer diameter D1=445mm, diameter of stator bore D2=325mm, every groove interior lines number: 42, wire gauge: 1-1.121-1.18n-d/mm, parallel branch: 4 △, winding type: double-deck stacked, pitch: 1-9, rotor/stator groove Z1/Z2=72/58.
Above data according to this Mp calculate:
Each winding wire sectional area: 2.0777mm
2
Each stator slot inside conductor sectional area: 2.0777 × 42=87.26mm
2
Every phase conductor sectional area: 2.0777 × 4=8.311mm
2
The current density of winding wire:
Each coil is 21 circles, and every phase total number of turns is: 21 × 6=126 circle
4 △ are connected conversion for 4Y connecting mode
Every phase total number of turns:
Each coil turn: 72.75 ÷ 6=12.125 circles
The number of turn in every groove:
Each winding wire sectional area:
As can be seen from calculating above, Mn and Mp compares, and current density, every groove inside conductor sectional area of winding wire are all constant.
2, the V that searching one is suitable
The application V is defined as rotor diameter D square with the product of core length L, i.e. V=D
2l, if the factor ignoring air gap between stator and rotor, rotor diameter D equals diameter of stator bore D2, i.e. D=D2.
Vp and Vn is expressed as the V of Mp and Mn, Dp and Dn, Lp and Ln are expressed as the rotor diameter of Mp and Mn and length unshakable in one's determination, then Vp=Dp
2lp, Vn=Dn
2ln.
Find a suitable V, be requirement Vn slightly larger than or equal Vp, i.e. Vn >=Vp.
Number of poles due to Mn is 2-3 times of Mp number of poles, and their stator outer diameter D1 and the ratio of internal diameter D2 are not identical, and therefore, the Vn be applicable to generally can find in the rotor of a seat No. less of Mp; What have also can find in the rotor of two seat No. less of Mp; Need under individual cases to find in the rotor of same seat No..
In this example, in the option of 8 pole motors of list 1, get the option of corresponding 24 poles of fe=150Hz, in list 3, the ratio of D1 and the D2 of 24 pole motors gets 1.25, selects the stator punching of 250 seat No., outer diameter D 1=400mm, internal diameter D2=400 ÷ 1.25=320mm, gets L=200mm, then Vn=320
2× 200=20.48 × 10
6mm
3, Vp=325
2× 190=20.07 × 10
6mm
3, Vn is proper slightly larger than Vp.
3, for Mn selects number of stator slots, and suitable stator and rotor slot fit is determined
In the present invention, the number of stator slots of Mn should be selected according to the number of poles P of Mn, and stator and rotor groove number coordinates should observe Z1-Z2 ≠ ± 1, and the rule of Z1-Z2 ≠ ± P ± 1 is determined (Z1 is number of stator slots, and Z2 is rotor number).
In this preferred embodiment, Mn have selected the number of stator slots identical with Mp, and identical rotor groove number coordinates, Z1/Z2=72/58.Now, require that the sectional area of aluminium (copper) sliver in each groove of Mn rotor is identical with Mp with end ring sectional area; And require that the total number of turns of the every phase winding of Mn is substantially equal with the Mp that Y connects.
But, in the present invention, coordinate with not identical rotor groove number if Mn have selected the number of stator slots not identical with Mp, then require that the total sectional area of all aluminium (copper) slivers in Mn rotor is identical with Mp with end ring sectional area; And require that the total number of turns of the every phase winding of Mn is substantially equal with the Mp that Y connects.
Requiring that the total number of turns of every phase winding of Mn is substantially equal with the Mp that Y connects, is because the number of turn of each coil of Mn must be positive integer.And when there will be the result of non-positive integer in computational process, need, by trace adjustment core length L, to become positive integer.
4, for Mn designs threephase stator winding parameter
In this example, the three-phase windings design of Mn:
Winding type: individual layer chain type (every 12 coils mutually)
Parallel branch: 6Y (2 strings 6 also)
Each stator slot interior lines number: 36.375 circles
Every phase total number of turns: 36.375 × 2=72.75 circle
Pitch: 1-4
For reducing the copper loss of winding, improving the efficiency of Mn, reducing the current density of coil to 4.485A/mm
2, each winding wire sectional area: 76.2 ÷ 6 ÷ 4.485=2.832mm
2
Line number in stator slot and the total number of turns of every phase winding must be integers, like this Mn core length Ln=200mm are adjusted to 205mm, and the line number in every groove is adjusted to 36 circles, and the total number of turns of every phase winding is adjusted to 72 circles.
Wire gauge: 1-1.06,2-1.12n-d/mm
Each winding wire sectional area: 2.8514mm
2
Current in wire density: 76.2 ÷ 6 ÷ 2.8514=4.454
Every groove inside conductor sectional area: 2.8514 × 36=103mm
2
Arrange the technical data of this routine Mn, as shown in list 5 the 8th
5, headroom sectional area in the groove designing M stator punching and rotor punching
The calculating of headroom sectional area in stator slot, to consider in groove that whole round conductors adds the factor of space in real space occupied by insulating barrier, groove shared by insulating material and copper factor three aspect.
The application adopts the method for " customized " to calculate the headroom sectional area of the stator slot of Mn, under the prerequisite that Mn copper factor is decided to be 0.75, get COEFFICIENT K=1.89, the total sectional area S of stator slot inside conductor is multiplied by 1.89, is the headroom sectional area needed for stator slot.
If Mn with Mp rotor number is identical, Mn gets the headroom sectional area of the identical rotor of Mp, as not identical in both groove numbers, then adjust the headroom sectional area of Mn rotor punching groove, make aluminium (copper) sliver total sectional area in Mn rotor identical with Mp with end ring sectional area.
In this example, the total sectional area of Mn stator slot inside conductor is 103mm
2
Headroom sectional area required in stator slot: 103mm × 1.89=195mm
2
Headroom sectional area in Mn rotor is identical with Mp, and in this example, stator and rotor punching refers to accompanying drawing 7 and accompanying drawing 8.
Shown in the following list 5 of technical data the 8th arranging this routine Mn
Through five steps above, the Mn of acquisition is the N-250M-24 in lower list 5
According to identical method, can not only be their Mn of general-purpose machine acquisition of other fe=50Hz (or fe=60Hz) IEC standard design, also can be their Mn of general-purpose machine acquisition of non-IEC standard design.
In order to further illustrate method provided by the present invention, selecting 8 different size general-purpose machines in China Y2 series, obtaining their Mn respectively.Following list 4 is technical data of 8 Mp, and list 5 is the corresponding Mn technical data of 8 Mp design in list 4 by method provided by the present invention.When after 8 Mn in the Mp of 8 in list 4 and list 5 separately composition system, their system output characteristic is completely corresponding with accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 3, accompanying drawing 4 and accompanying drawing 5, and namely Mn replaces the result of Mp is set up.
Next, " New-type electric machine " Mn obtained according to method provided by the present invention and each performance of " prototype machine " Mp are compared, to further illustrate feature and the advantage of " New-type electric machine " provided by the present invention Mn with list 5 according to above-mentioned list 4.
Specifically, according to above-mentioned list 4 and list 5, can assess from saving motor manufacturing cost and lifting motor efficiency two aspects Mn and Mp.
List 4 and list 5 reflect that the consumptive material contrast when Mn and Mp manufactures is obvious, the seat No. 1-2 class less of Mp of Mn, and it is 43.5% respectively that the volume ratio Mp of its iron core reduces, 34.8%, 16.8%, 23.5%, 19.5%, 15.4%, 17.5% and 12.8%.
In addition, about motor winding conducting wire copper consumption.
A winding coil of general-purpose machine divides part and the outer part of groove in stator slot, the length of the outer part of groove and the length ratio of the interior part of groove, usual 2 pole motors are greater than 4 pole motors, 4 pole motors are greater than 6 pole motors, so analogize, the length ratio of the number of poles more outer part of multiple-grooved is fewer, this is because their difference in span cause.The number of poles of Mn is 2-3 times of Mp, and therefore, Mn is more much smaller than the span of Mp, and it is much shorter that Mn overhang length compares Mp, and the total length which results in Mn three-phase windings is shorter than Mp, and in their stators, length is roughly identical.When current density is identical, Mn is fewer than the wire copper consumption of Mp, and in list 4 and list 5, numbering 4-7 belongs to this situation.
The situation of numbering 1-3 is that the current in wire density ratio Mn of Mp is little, this is because these 3 Mp will reach caused by their rated efficiency, carefully analyze the data of two lists, Mn will reduce a lot than the wire copper consumption of Mp.The citing of numbering 8 is, the current in wire density ratio Mp's of Mn is little by 18.8%, and this is the copper loss in order to reduce stator winding about 18.8%, improves the efficiency of Mn.Reduce Mn stator copper loss 18.8% to refer to reduce by 18.8% again on the basis that both current densities are identical.Because both current densities are identical, the three-phase windings total length of Mn is more much shorter than Mp, and the winding copper loss of natural Mn will be less than Mp.Make Mn can save 18.8% wire when current in wire density is identical with Mp.In this example, the current density of M reduces by 18.8%, add copper consumption, decrease copper loss.Form the result that two motor winding conducting wire copper consumptions are substantially identical.This example also illustrate that, during design Mn winding conducting wire current density, can be allowed a choice between the two raising the efficiency within the specific limits with saving copper wire material.
The rated efficiency of Mn, relative to Mp, indicates >=the rated efficiency of Mp, this is because following points factor in list 5.
A. copper loss: because rotor aluminum (copper) sliver of Mn with Mp is substantially identical with the sectional area of end ring, when operating in identical nominal torque separately, loss Mn with Mp on rotor windings conductor is identical for its induced current; The copper loss of stator winding, because three-phase windings total length Mn is shorter than Mp, such relative resistance is just low.When same nominal electric current, the copper loss of winding is just low.
B. the iron loss of stator core: the total iron loss of stator should be the iron loss amount of stator core per unit volume and the product of stator volume.
Affect stator core iron loss and have three factors, the frequency f e of rotating magnetic field, the magnetic density B of stator yoke and teeth portion and the volume of stator core.
The rotating magnetic field frequency of Mn is 2-3 times of Mp, and this can make the iron loss of Mn increase than Mp.
Wide with the facewidth and the result of calculation of both core length L to Mn and Mp stator yoke, the stator yoke of Mn is all little than Mp with the magnetic density B of teeth portion; The magnetic field computational length of yoke portion and teeth portion, Mn is shorter than Mp, and cause Mn to reduce at the magnetic potential AT of stator yoke and teeth portion, this is conducive to the raising of power factor (PF).Calculate by the data of list 4 and list 5, the volume of 8 Mp stator cores is 2.555,2.067,1.484,1.784,1.692,1.453,1.526 and 1.487 times of 8 Mn stator core volumes respectively.
The comprehensively factor of above-mentioned three aspects, total iron loss of Mn stator core can be larger than Mp, but be not 1-2 increment doubly.
In the stator slot of Mn, headroom area is according to actual needs " customized ", and after winding inserting, unnecessary space is little, and in Mp stator slot, headroom area is often for the consideration of versatility, and space remaining after winding inserting is larger.Referring to headroom area in the groove of two stator slot punchings in accompanying drawing 7 and accompanying drawing 8, Mn is 212mm
2, Mp is 232mm
2, in the groove needed for Mn, headroom area is 195mm
2, in the groove needed for Mp, headroom area is 165mm
2.195:212=92%, 165:232=71%, this illustrates that Mn is 92% to the utilance of headroom area in groove, and Mp is 71% to the utilance of headroom area in groove, so the space that in Mn stator slot, " customized " of net area saves can increase the width of stator yoke and teeth portion, be conducive to the magnetic density B reducing them.
The copper loss of the stator winding of comprehensive analysis: Mn is larger than the added value of iron loss than the copper loss drop-out value of Mp.Conclusion is: the rated efficiency of the rated efficiency >=Mp of Mn.
To sum up, according to " New-type electric machine " that obtained by " prototype machine " that the application provides, not only change the rated frequency fe of motor, also change the number of poles of motor simultaneously.By such mode, no matter the number of poles of " prototype machine " is how many, corresponding " New-type electric machine " all has the system performance completely corresponding with " prototype machine ", thus directly can replace the general-purpose machine in original system, keeps the system performance after replacing and load characteristic to match.
Claims (9)
1. formed the method for " New-type electric machine " by " prototype machine ", it is characterized in that,
Based on the parameter of " prototype machine ", by equivalent method, obtain the parameter of corresponding " New-type electric machine ", make the winding of " New-type electric machine " according to the parameter of " New-type electric machine ", thus obtain " New-type electric machine ";
Wherein, described equivalent method is:
Step one: based on the number of poles of described " prototype machine " and rated frequency, determine number of poles and the rated frequency of described " New-type electric machine ", wherein, the number of poles of described " New-type electric machine " and the number of poles of rated frequency and described " prototype machine " and rated frequency direct proportionality;
Step 2: external diameter and the internal diameter ratio of determining the stator punching of described " New-type electric machine " according to the number of poles of described " New-type electric machine ", and number of stator slots and the stator and rotor groove number mix proportion of determining described " New-type electric machine ";
Step 3: utilize described Y-△ conversion factor between " prototype machine " and described " New-type electric machine ", according to the parameter of described " prototype machine ", obtains the winding parameter of described " New-type electric machine ";
Step 4: utilize headroom sectional area coefficient in groove, according to the relevant parameter of described " prototype machine ", obtains headroom sectional area in the described stator punching of " New-type electric machine " and the groove of rotor punching; And wherein
The three-phase windings of described " New-type electric machine " stator is Y and connects, and described " New-type electric machine " is completely corresponding with the system output characteristic of described " prototype machine ".
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step one, the number of poles of described " New-type electric machine " is more than 2 times of the number of poles of described " prototype machine " and less than 3 times, and the rated frequency of described " New-type electric machine " is more than 2 times of the rated frequency of described " prototype machine " and less than 3 times; And
The rated frequency of described " New-type electric machine " becomes large along with the number of poles increase of described " New-type electric machine ".
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, the external diameter of the stator punching of described " New-type electric machine " and internal diameter ratio increase along with the number of poles of described " New-type electric machine " and reduce, and make described " New-type electric machine " meet following relational expression with the geometric parameter of described " prototype machine ":
Vn＝Dn
2·Ln(1)；
Vp=Dp
2lp (2); And
Vn≥Vp(3)；
Wherein, Dn is the rotor diameter of described " New-type electric machine ", and Ln is the length of the iron core of described " New-type electric machine "; Dp is the rotor diameter of described " prototype machine ", and Lp is the length of the iron core of described " prototype machine ".
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, determine number of stator slots and the stator and rotor groove number mix proportion of described " New-type electric machine " according to the number of poles of described " New-type electric machine ", and make the stator and rotor groove number of described " New-type electric machine " meet following relational expression:
Z1-Z2≠±1(4)；
Z1-Z2≠±P±1(5)；
Wherein, Z1 is the number of stator slots of described " New-type electric machine ", and Z2 is the rotor number of described " New-type electric machine ", and P is the number of poles of described " New-type electric machine ".
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step 2,
If the number of stator slots of described " New-type electric machine " and stator and rotor groove number mix proportion are defined as identical with stator and rotor groove number mix proportion with the number of stator slots of described " prototype machine ", conductor cross-section sum end ring sectional area in the rotor of " New-type electric machine " then in each groove is identical with described " prototype machine ", and the total number of turns of described " New-type electric machine " every phase winding is identical with described " prototype machine " that Y connects; Or
If the number of stator slots of described " New-type electric machine " and stator and rotor groove number mix proportion are defined as different with stator and rotor groove number mix proportion from the number of stator slots of described " prototype machine ", the total sectional area of all conducting in the rotor of " New-type electric machine " is then identical with described " prototype machine " with end ring total sectional area, and the total number of turns of described " New-type electric machine " every phase winding is identical with described " prototype machine " that Y connects.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, described Y-△ conversion factor is: when the three-phase windings of described " prototype machine " is that Y connects, then described Y-△ conversion factor is 1; When the three-phase windings of described " prototype machine " stator is that △ connects, then described Y-△ conversion factor is
The parameter of described " prototype machine " comprises that the stator winding of " prototype machine " is every to be connected or △ connected mode with the Y of the number of turn, the parallel branch number of the every phase winding of described " prototype machine " stator and the three-phase windings of described " prototype machine " stator in every groove of the number of turn of each coil of the sectional area of wire of each coil, every phase total number of turns of described " prototype machine " stator winding, described " prototype machine " stator winding, described " prototype machine " stator winding mutually.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, in described step 4,
The total sectional area of the described stator slot inside conductor of " New-type electric machine " described in headroom sectional area coefficient in described groove is multiplied by of the headroom sectional area needed for stator slot of described " New-type electric machine " obtains; And
The headroom sectional area of the rotor of described " New-type electric machine " is: when described " New-type electric machine " is identical with the rotor number of described " prototype machine ", and the headroom sectional area of the rotor of described " New-type electric machine " is identical with the headroom sectional area of the rotor of described " prototype machine "; When described " New-type electric machine " is not identical with the rotor number of described " prototype machine ", the headroom sectional area of the rotor of adjustment described " New-type electric machine ", to make the wire total sectional area in the rotor of described " New-type electric machine " identical with described " prototype machine " with end ring sectional area; Wherein
In described groove, headroom sectional area coefficient adds that insulating barrier occupies the gross area in space occupied by insulating material in actual space and groove, the coefficient that the copper factor divided by 0.75 obtains for round conductors all in stator slot.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, in described step 4,
In described groove, headroom sectional area coefficient value is between 1.85 ~ 1.92.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, in described groove, headroom sectional area coefficient value is 1.89.
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