CN105047993A - Electrolyte for promoting film formation of graphite cathode and battery using electrolyte - Google Patents
Electrolyte for promoting film formation of graphite cathode and battery using electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN105047993A CN105047993A CN201510451755.8A CN201510451755A CN105047993A CN 105047993 A CN105047993 A CN 105047993A CN 201510451755 A CN201510451755 A CN 201510451755A CN 105047993 A CN105047993 A CN 105047993A
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- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- lithium
- carbonate
- graphite cathode
- film forming
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides electrolyte for promoting film formation of a graphite cathode and a battery using the electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises an electrolyte lithium salt, difluoride ethylene carbonate (DFEC), propylene carbonate (PC) and a non-aqueous organic solvent, wherein a chemical structure of the DFEC is as shown in the formula (I); the formula (I) is as shown in the specification; a lithium secondary battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and the electrolyte for promoting film formation of the graphite cathode provided by the invention. By the DFEC, a passivation film which is stable enough can be formed on the surface of a graphite material; when the PC is utilized by the electrolyte as a high dielectric constant solvent component, graphite powder is not stripped due to the fact that propylene carbonate molecules are embedded into a layered structure of the graphite material, and the lithium ion battery does not lose efficacy in the charging and discharging cycle processes of the lithium ion battery; and the service life of the lithium battery is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery, be specifically related to a kind ofly can promote the electrolyte of graphite cathode film forming and use the battery of this electrolyte.
Background technology
Lithium secondary battery has that operating voltage is high, specific energy density is large, have extended cycle life, self-discharge rate is low, memory-less effect and the advantage such as environmental pollution is little, being widely used in all kinds of consumer electronics market, is also the ideal power source of following motor vehicle and various electric tool.On current technical market, negative material is main or monopolized by graphite cathode, electrolyte generally adopts the carbonic ester system of ring-type and wire mixing to take into account the character such as viscosity, dissolubility and conductivity, the more double combination property meeting lithium ion battery with types of functionality additive.
Ethylene carbonate is relatively stable at the electroreduction product on graphite cathode surface, be the requisite component of electrolyte solvent system, but ethylene carbonate fusing point is high, is unfavorable for the cryogenic property of electrolyte.Propene carbonate has wider liquid journey scope, dielectric constant is suitable with ethylene carbonate with donicity simultaneously, widely use in disposable lithium-battery, but propene carbonate mates when using with graphite material, propene carbonate easily imbeds in the layer structure of graphite altogether, causes graphite efflorescence to destroy.In academia, previous research work wishes (to comprise vinylene carbonate by adding film for additive in the electrolytic solution, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, dioxalic acid borate, difluoro oxalate borate, sulfuric acid vinyl ester etc.), have precedence over the common embedding current potential film forming of propene carbonate, to suppress the common embedding behavior of propene carbonate, this technical scheme controls the destruction of propene carbonate to graphite material from certain degree, but current developed negative terminal surface film for additive limited functionality, in electrolyte prescription combination, propene carbonate is only suitable for a small amount of interpolation, high dielectric constant solvent main component can only use ethylene carbonate.
Summary of the invention
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of additive promoting graphite cathode surface filming, and contain the electrolyte of this additive and a kind of lithium ion battery, this additive can form effective passivating film on graphite cathode surface, propylene carbonate ester molecule can be suppressed to imbed altogether into graphite cathode, when making to use propene carbonate (PC) in electrolyte as high dielectric constant solvent component, lithium ion battery has superior circulation and cryogenic property.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of electrolyte promoting graphite cathode film forming, comprise electrolyte lithium salt, difluorinated ethylene carbonate (DFEC), propene carbonate (PC) and non-aqueous organic solvent, wherein: the chemical constitution of described difluorinated ethylene carbonate (DFEC) is such as formula shown in (I):
Described difluorinated ethylene carbonate mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution 0.1% ~ 30%.
Described propene carbonate mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution not less than 10%.
Also containing other additive in described electrolyte, other additives mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution 0.5% ~ 10%.
Other additives described are vinylene carbonate (VC), vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), PS (PS), 1,4-butyl sultone (BS), sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD), sulfuric acid propylene, the one in ethylene sulfite and propylene sulfite and more than.
Described non-aqueous organic solvent comprise one in dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), gamma-butyrolacton (GBL), methyl acetate (EM), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (EP), butyl acetate (EB), ethyl propionate (PE), propyl propionate (PP), butyl propionate (PB) and more than.
Described electrolyte lithium salt is LiBF
4, LiPF
6, LiPF
2o
2, LiAsF
6, LiClO
4, LiSO
3cF
3, LiB (C
2o
4)
2, LiBF
2c
2o
4, LiN (SO
2cF
3)
2, LiN (SO
2f)
2one and more than.
A kind of lithium secondary battery: the electrolyte comprising positive plate, negative plate, barrier film and promotion graphite cathode film forming of the present invention, positive plate comprises the positive electrode active materials of embedding/deintercalate lithium ions, conductive agent, collector, the bonding agent that described positive electrode active materials and conductive agent is combined with described collector; Negative plate comprises and can embed or the negative active core-shell material of deintercalate lithium ions, conductive agent, collector, the bonding agent that described negative active core-shell material and conductive agent is combined with described collector.
Described positive electrode active materials comprise in the metal oxide of lithium and metallic element Mg, Al, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, Zr, Cr, Fe, Sr and rare earth element more than one; Described negative active core-shell material comprises lithium metal, lithium alloy, crystalline carbon, agraphitic carbon, carbon fiber, hard carbon and soft carbon.
Positive electrode active materials also comprises polyanion lithium compound LiMx (PO4) y, and described M is any one of Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Ti and V, 0≤x≤5,0≤y≤5); Crystalline carbon in described negative active core-shell material comprise one in native graphite, graphitized coke, graphitization MCMB, graphitized intermediate-phase asphalt-based carbon fiber and more than.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) difluorinated ethylene carbonate (DFEC) can form sufficiently stable passivating film on graphite material surface, when can ensure that electrolyte uses propene carbonate (PC) as high dielectric constant solvent component, in lithium ion battery charge and discharge cycles process, propylene carbonate ester molecule, not because imbedding in the layer structure of graphite material altogether, causes graphite efflorescence peel off and lithium ion battery was lost efficacy.
(2) ethylene carbonate is not contained in electrolyte, therefore there is lower setting temperature, simultaneously the passivating film that formed in negative terminal surface of difluorinated ethylene carbonate (DFEC) is form compact and stable, the internal resistance of cell is little, and these advantages are all conducive to the discharge performance of battery under low temperature and high magnification.
Embodiment
Below by exemplary embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated; But scope of the present invention should not be limited to the scope of embodiment, any do not depart from purport of the present invention change or change and can be understood by those skilled in the art, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of electrolyte
(H in the glove box of argon atmosphere
2o<1ppm), by organic solvent be PC (propene carbonate): EMC (methyl ethyl carbonate): DEC (diethyl carbonate)=30: 40:30 and LiPF in mass ratio
6(1.0M) mix, difluorinated ethylene carbonate (DFEC) accounts for 2% of total weight.Above-mentioned each raw material is added successively, stirs, namely obtain lithium secondary cell electrolyte of the present invention (free acid <15ppm, moisture <10ppm).
(3) preparation of anode pole piece
By mass percent be 3% Kynoar (PVDF) be dissolved in 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone solution, by the LiCoO of mass percent 94%
2add above-mentioned solution with the conductive agent carbon black of 3% and mix, after the slurry of mixed system being coated on the two sides of aluminium foil, after oven dry, roll extrusion, obtaining anode pole piece.
(4) preparation of cathode pole piece
It is the SBR binding agent of 4% by mass percent, mass percent is in the water-soluble solution of CMC thickener of 1%, is that the graphite of 95% adds above-mentioned solution, mixes mass percent, after the slurry of mixed system being coated on the two sides of Copper Foil, after oven dry, roll extrusion, obtain cathode pole piece.
(5) preparation of lithium // graphite half-cell
The graphite cathode pole piece of above-mentioned preparation, metal lithium sheet, barrier film and electrolyte are assembled into 2032 type button cells, carry out discharge and recharge 5 times with the multiplying power of 0.5/0.5C, cut-ff voltage interval is 3.0 ~ 0.001V.After battery testing, take apart in glove box, take out graphite cathode material, use dimethyl carbonate washes clean, carry out sem test.Test result as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2
Electrolyte quota, positive electrode are identical with embodiment 1 with the manufacture craft of negative material.
(1) manufacture craft of lithium ion battery
The anode pole piece of above-mentioned preparation, cathode pole piece and barrier film are made square electric cell with winding method, adopts polymer packaging, pour into the electrolyte of above-mentioned preparation, after the technique such as changing into, make the lithium secondary battery that capacity is 1600mAh.
(2) battery performance is surveyed
Cycle performance is tested, and carry out charge and discharge cycles test with the multiplying power of 0.5/0.5C discharge and recharge to battery, cut-ff voltage interval is 3.0 ~ 4.2V.Cryogenic property is tested, and first will change into complete battery under normal temperature state with 0.5C discharge and recharge once, then at 0 DEG C and-20 DEG C, carries out discharge test with 0.5C after battery being full of electricity with 0.5C.Test result as shown in appendix 1.
Comparative example 1
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is not use additive in electrolyte prescription.Test result as shown in Figure 1.
Comparative example 2
Identical with the technique of embodiment 1, difference is to use fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) to replace difluorinated ethylene carbonate (DFEC) in electrolyte prescription.Test result as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 3-8
Except following table parameter, other parameters and preparation method are with embodiment 2.
Table 1 embodiment 3-8
The test result of table 2 embodiment and comparative example
From embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 ~ 2; and the result of accompanying drawing 1 can be found out; a () and (b) is the test group of not adding film for additive; graphite cathode is seriously damaged efflorescence; reason be graphite cathode unstable SEI film protection, PC molecule imbeds altogether in the layer structure of graphite crystal under electronegative potential.C () and (d) are the test groups of adding FEC, clearly from Electronic Speculum figure find out, graphite cathode efflorescence destructiveness reduces, but also there is the situation of local failure.E () and (f) is the test group of adding DFEC, as can be seen from Electronic Speculum figure, graphite cathode surface coverage the passivating film of one deck densification, there is not the graphite granule of efflorescence.These results show, using PC as in the electrolyte system of main solvent, DFEC has superior surface filming performance, can effectively suppress PC molecule to the destruction of graphite cathode.
As can be seen from the result of embodiment 2 ~ 18, comparative example 3 ~ 5 and comparative example 1, take PC as the electrolyte system of main solvent, do not add the lithium ion battery cisco unity malfunction of film for additive, main cause also can be verified from accompanying drawing 1, mainly because graphite cathode efflorescence destroys.As can be seen from the result of embodiment 2 ~ 4, in electrolyte, DFEC needs interpolation more than 2%, effectively could suppress the common embedding of PC molecule.As can be seen from the result of embodiment 2, embodiment 6 ~ 8 and comparative example 4 ~ 5, DFEC and the composite use of other film for additive, the correlated performance of battery is more excellent, but when being used alone FEC and VC, battery performance is poor.
As can be seen from the result of embodiment 2,7 comparative example 6,7, when containing DFEC additive, lithium ion battery room temperature cycle performance difference containing PC and EC component electrolyte is little, but under cryogenic, uses PC to embody more superior performance as the lithium ion battery of main solvent.
Below be only illustrating for possible embodiments of the present invention, but this embodiment be not used to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, allly do not depart from the equivalence that thinking of the present invention does and implement or change, all should be contained in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 comprises 6 width Electronic Speculum figure, wherein:
A (), (b) do not use the graphite cathode Electronic Speculum figure of film for additive.
C (), (d) use the graphite cathode Electronic Speculum figure of FEC additive.
E (), (f) use the graphite cathode Electronic Speculum figure of DFEC additive.
Claims (10)
1. one kind promotes the electrolyte of graphite cathode film forming, comprise electrolyte lithium salt, difluorinated ethylene carbonate (DFEC), propene carbonate (PC) and non-aqueous organic solvent, wherein: the chemical constitution of described difluorinated ethylene carbonate (DFEC) is such as formula shown in (I):
2. the electrolyte of promotion graphite cathode film forming according to claim 1, described difluorinated ethylene carbonate mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution 0.1% ~ 30%.
3. the electrolyte of promotion graphite cathode film forming according to claim 1, described propene carbonate mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution not less than 10%.
4. the electrolyte of promotion graphite cathode film forming according to claim 1, also containing other additive in described electrolyte, other additives mass percentage is in the electrolytic solution 0.5% ~ 10%.
5. the electrolyte of promotion graphite cathode film forming according to claim 4, other additives described are vinylene carbonate (VC), vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), 1,3-N-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid lactone (PS), Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-butyl sultone (BS), sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD), sulfuric acid propylene, the one in ethylene sulfite and propylene sulfite and more than.
6. the electrolyte of promotion graphite cathode film forming according to claim 1, described non-aqueous organic solvent comprise one in dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), gamma-butyrolacton (GBL), methyl acetate (EM), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (EP), butyl acetate (EB), ethyl propionate (PE), propyl propionate (PP), butyl propionate (PB) and more than.
7. the electrolyte of promotion graphite cathode film forming according to claim 1, described electrolyte lithium salt is LiBF
4, LiPF
6, LiPF
2o
2, LiAsF
6, LiClO
4, LiSO
3cF
3, LiB (C
2o
4)
2, LiBF
2c
2o
4, LiN (SO
2cF
3)
2, LiN (SO
2f)
2one and more than.
8. lithium secondary battery: the electrolyte comprising positive plate, negative plate, barrier film and promotion graphite cathode film forming of the present invention, positive plate comprises the positive electrode active materials of embedding/deintercalate lithium ions, conductive agent, collector, the bonding agent that described positive electrode active materials and conductive agent is combined with described collector; Negative plate comprises and can embed or the negative active core-shell material of deintercalate lithium ions, conductive agent, collector, the bonding agent that described negative active core-shell material and conductive agent is combined with described collector.
9. lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, described positive electrode active materials comprise in the metal oxide of lithium and metallic element Mg, Al, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, Zr, Cr, Fe, Sr and rare earth element more than one; Described negative active core-shell material comprises lithium metal, lithium alloy, crystalline carbon, agraphitic carbon, carbon fiber, hard carbon and soft carbon.
10. lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, positive electrode active materials also comprises polyanion lithium compound LiMx (PO4) y, and described M is any one of Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Ti and V, 0≤x≤5,0≤y≤5); Crystalline carbon in described negative active core-shell material comprise one in native graphite, graphitized coke, graphitization MCMB, graphitized intermediate-phase asphalt-based carbon fiber and more than.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107195967A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-22 | 东莞锂威能源科技有限公司 | A kind of low-temperature lithium ion battery |
| CN108232300A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-29 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery and its electrolyte |
| CN110506358A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-11-26 | 三井化学株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolyte for battery and lithium secondary battery |
| CN111416151A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-14 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device, and electronic device |
| CN112331914A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-05 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery without ethylene carbonate solvent and battery |
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| JP2004319317A (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-11-11 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Lithium secondary battery |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110506358A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2019-11-26 | 三井化学株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolyte for battery and lithium secondary battery |
| CN110506358B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2022-09-30 | 三井化学株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution for battery and lithium secondary battery |
| CN107195967A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-22 | 东莞锂威能源科技有限公司 | A kind of low-temperature lithium ion battery |
| CN107195967B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2019-04-19 | 东莞锂威能源科技有限公司 | A kind of low-temperature lithium ion battery |
| CN108232300A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-29 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery and its electrolyte |
| CN112331914A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-05 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery without ethylene carbonate solvent and battery |
| JP2021100001A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-07-01 | 寧徳新能源科技有限公司Ｎｉｎｇｄｅ Ａｍｐｅｒｅｘ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ | Electrolyte, electrochemical device, and electronic device |
| EP3883038A1 (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-09-22 | Ningde Amperex Technology Limited | Electrolytic solution, electrochemical device, and electronic device |
| CN111416151B (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-12-07 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device, and electronic device |
| CN114094185A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2022-02-25 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device, and electronic device |
| JP7069375B2 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2022-05-17 | 寧徳新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolyte, electrochemical device and electronic device |
| JP2022107544A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2022-07-21 | 寧徳新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolytic solution, electrochemical device, and electronic device |
| CN111416151A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-14 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device, and electronic device |
| JP7223192B2 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2023-02-15 | 寧徳新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolytes, electrochemical devices and electronic devices |
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Address after: 523000 Guangdong province Dongguan city Dongguan Ecological Industrial Park Xingye Road Applicant after: Dongguan City Kai Xin battery material Co., Ltd Address before: 523000 Guangdong province Dongguan City Chashan Town Ecological Industrial Park Industrial Road Applicant before: Dongguan City Kai Xin battery material Co., Ltd |
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Application publication date: 20151111 |