CN105047346A - Preparation method of ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanocomposite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanocomposite material Download PDF

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CN105047346A
CN105047346A CN201510534046.6A CN201510534046A CN105047346A CN 105047346 A CN105047346 A CN 105047346A CN 201510534046 A CN201510534046 A CN 201510534046A CN 105047346 A CN105047346 A CN 105047346A
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preparation
ferroferric oxide
magnetic
composite material
nanometer composite
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CN105047346B (en
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苏碧桃
靳正娟
董永永
董娜
何方振
莘俊莲
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Northwest Normal University
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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanocomposite material. According to the method, with Fe(NO3)3.9H2O as a raw material, chicken feather (chicken feather-CF) as a reducing agent, and ethanol as a solvent, a solvothermal one-step reaction is carried out to obtain the ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanocomposite material. According to the preparation method, under the premise of not adding any reagent (for example, a precipitant, a reducing agent and a catalyst), transformation from an appropriate amount of Fe<3+> to Fe<2+> is ensured by regulating and controlling the amount of CF; the Fe3O4/C magnetic nanocomposite material with good magnetic property can be obtained; and the preparation method has the prominent advantages of being low in cost, short in flow, high in efficiency, simple to operate, environment-friendly and the like.

Description

A kind of preparation method of ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanometer composite material
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of magnetic materials, relate to a kind of preparation of Fe 3 O 4 magnetic material; Particularly relating to one utilizes chicken feather to prepare ferroferric oxide/carbon (Fe for reducing agent 3o 4/ C) method of magnetic nanometer composite material.
Background technology
Tri-iron tetroxide (the Fe of inverse spinel structure 3o 4) be the important magnetic ferrites materials of a class, because it has unique physics, chemical property and magnetism characteristic (as the high magnetization and corrosion-resistant and polishing machine etc.), in microwave absorption, magnetic recording and magnetic fluid, there is boundless application prospect.
At present, Fe is prepared 3o 4(FeOFe 2o 3) method of magnetic material mainly contains: chemical coprecipitation, sol-gel process, microemulsion method etc.But traditional preparation methods all comes with some shortcomings: although as simple in chemical coprecipitation, the material granule prepared is comparatively large, reunites more serious; The preparation condition of sol-gel process is wayward, and raw materials used majority is organic compound, and cost is high, and some is harmful.From another angle, most preparation method is owing to utilizing the difference of source of iron, and Problems existing is also different.Simply, if with Fe 3+when salt is cooked source of iron, not only need to use alkaline precipitating agent, but also need reducing agent, to make appropriate Fe 3+be converted into Fe 2+; If with Fe 2+when salt is cooked source of iron, except adding except alkaline precipitating agent, also need to control appropriate Fe 2+(be easy to be oxidized to Fe 3+) be converted into Fe 3+; If stoichiometrically than Fe 2+, Fe 3+when salt is cooked source of iron, equally except adding except alkaline precipitating agent, also will strictly Control release condition (no matter be Fe 2+, Fe 3+→ hydroxide, or the conversion of hydroxide → oxide) etc.In a word, Fe 3o 4there is preparation process complexity in preparation method, condition is difficult to strict control, cost is high mostly, be easy to cause environmental pollution etc., and be difficult to the Fe of the high and excellent performance of obtained purity 3o 4.
In chicken feather (CF), keratic content is up to 85 ~ 89%.Containing elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen in keratin, be a kind of filamentary structure, insoluble animal protein.It contains numerous group, as-NH 2,-OH, C=O, C-O-C, C-N-C ,-S-S-etc., therefore there is good wetting, absorption and reproducibility.Therefore, if prepare Fe using chicken feather (CF) as reducing agent 3o 4magnetic material, not only can turn waste into wealth, but also can reduce Fe 3o 4the production cost of magnetic material, improve production environment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to for problems of the prior art, provide that a kind of cost is low, efficiency is high, the ferroferric oxide/carbon (Fe of environmental protection 3o 4/ C) preparation method of magnetic nanometer composite material.
One, Fe 3o 4the preparation of/C magnetic nanometer composite material
1, Fe 3o 4the preparation of/C magnetic nanometer composite material
Fe of the present invention 3o 4the preparation method of/C magnetic nanometer composite material is with Fe (NO 3) 39H 2o is raw material, and chicken feather is reducing agent, and ethanol is solvent, carries out solvent thermal reaction; Reaction terminates rear centrifugal, washing, dry, obtains Fe 3o 4/ C nano composite magnetic.Its concrete technology is as follows:
(1) preliminary treatment of chicken feather: by chicken feather first with after water cleaning removing surface impurity, in soaked in absolute ethyl alcohol process 24 ~ 48h, dry for subsequent use;
(2) Fe 3o 4the preparation of/C magnetic nanometer composite material: by Fe (NO 3) 39H 2o is fully dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, then is immersed by the CF of clean, after ultrasonic 0.5 ~ 1h, transfers in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor, at 180 ~ 200 DEG C, react 10 ~ 35h; Reaction terminates rear centrifugal, after washing, is placed in baking oven dry 9 ~ 10h at 110 ~ 120 DEG C, obtains Fe with absolute ethyl alcohol and redistilled water 3o 4/ C magnetic nanometer composite material product.
CF and Fe (NO after process 3) 39H 2the mass ratio of O is 0.58:1 ~ 1.08:1.
2, reaction condition is to magnetic component Fe 3o 4formation and magnetism of material can impact
(1) chicken feather (CF) is to magnetic component Fe 3o 4formation and magnetism of material can impact
In order to investigate CF to Fe 3o 4the formation of magnetic composite and the impact of magnetic behavior thereof, we have done following experiment: respectively by (2.4240gFe (NO 3) 39H 2and (2.4240gFe (NO O+1.4000gCF+48mLEtOH) 3) 39H 2o+48mLEtOH) proceed in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor, at 200 DEG C, react 10h, through centrifugal, washing, drying, color and the magnetic property of gained sample are shown in Fig. 1.Without under CF existent condition, gained sample is that rust red (is Fe 2o 3), and nonmagnetic; When CF exists, gained sample is black, and is magnetic.Thus illustrate in solvent thermal reaction process, CF can by part Fe 3+be reduced to Fe 2+, thus form the Fe with magnetic property 3o 4.
(2) solvent is to magnetic component Fe 3o 4the formation of magnetic and the impact of magnetic property
In order to investigate solvent H 2o and EtOH is to target Fe 3o 4the formation of magnetic composite and the impact of magnetic property, we have done following experiment: by 2.4240gFe (NO 3) 39H 2o is dissolved in 48mLEtOH, EtOH+H respectively 2and H O(1:1v/v) 2in O, add 1.4000gCF (CF and Fe (NO 3) 39H 2the mass ratio of O is expressed as: 0.58:1), proceed in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor after ultrasonic 1h, at 200 DEG C, reaction 10h; Centrifugal, washing, dry, color and the magnetic property of resulting materials are shown in Fig. 2.Can find out, along with solvent is EtOH, EtOH+H 2o, H 2o, the color of gained sample is respectively black, coffee color, rust red (Fe 2o 3), the magnetic intensity of sample is by strong → weak → nothing.That is, H 2o is unfavorable for magnetic component Fe 3o 4generation, therefore, solvent should select EtOH.
(3) solvent heat temperature and time is to magnetic component Fe 3o 4formation and magnetism of material can impact
In order to investigate solvent heat temperature to Fe 3o 4formation and the impact of magnetic property, we have done following experiment: by 2.4240gFe (NO 3) 39H 2o is dissolved in 48mLEtOH, with CF and Fe (NO 3) 39H 2the mass ratio of O is proceed in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor after 0.58:1 adds CF (1.4000g), ultrasonic 1h, under different solvents hot temperature degree (200,180,160 DEG C), react 10h; Through centrifugal, washing, drying, color and the magnetic property of gained sample are shown in Fig. 3.Contrast discovery with Fig. 2: doing with EtOH under solvent and CF existent condition, although the color of solvent heat temperature to resulting materials has no significant effect, the magnetic property of appreciable impact material, namely along with the reduction of solvent thermal reaction temperature, product magnetic is by strong → weak → nothing.That is low temperature is unfavorable for the generation of magnetic component.Therefore, in order to obtain the material of good magnetic property, solvent heat condition should be: temperature is at 180 ~ 200 DEG C (preferably 200 DEG C).
Known by simply analyzing and testing, for the preparation with high magnetic component content and good magnetic property material, not only need enough temperature, also need sufficiently long reaction, crystallization time simultaneously.Experimental result has proved that the solvent thermal reaction time increases, and the magnetic property of resulting materials improves; But when solvent thermal reaction time lengthening is to certain value (as about 30h), this impact will become not obvious.Therefore, in order to obtain the material of good magnetic property, solvent heat condition should be: temperature at 180 ~ 200 DEG C, time 8 ~ 30h (preferred 30h).
(4) CF consumption is to magnetic component Fe 3o 4formation and magnetism of material can impact
In order to investigate CF consumption further to Fe 3o 4formation and magnetism of material can impact, we have done following experiment: by 2.4240gFe (NO 3) 39H 2o is dissolved in 48mLEtOH, adds respectively and Fe (NO 3) 39H 2the mass ratio of O is: the CF of 0.58:1,0.91:1,1.08:1, proceeds in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor after ultrasonic 1h, and under solvent EtOH, solvent heat temperature 200 DEG C, time 30h, obtained magnetic composite, is designated as Fe respectively 3o 4/ C-1, Fe 3o 4/ C-2, Fe 3o 4/ C-3.
Fig. 4 is sample F e 3o 4the hysteresis graph of/C-1 ~ 3.Can be obtained by Fig. 4, gained sample is superparamagnetic material; In studied CF amount ranges (0.58:1 ~ 1.08:1), the increase that the magnetic property of sample is measured with CF significantly strengthens.Composite nano materials Fe 3o 4/ C-1,2, the saturation magnetization of 3 is respectively 48.33,51.74,65.37emu/g.This result sufficient proof reproducibility of CF, and under CF existent condition, utilize solvent-thermal method one step to prepare high magnetic component Fe by trivalent iron salt 3o 4the target material of content and good magnetic property.
Two, Fe 3o 4the structural characterization of/C magnetic nanometer composite material
The technology such as XRD, IR, VSM, XPS, TEM are utilized the sample composition, properity etc. of preparing gained to be characterized below.
1, XRD analysis
Fig. 5 is gained sample F e under different chicken feather (CF) consumption 3o 4the XRD figure of/C-1 ~ 3.Can find from the XRD figure of all samples: although apart from the target phase Fe of inverse spinel structure all samples 3o 4outward, α-Fe is also had 2o 3exist mutually; But along with the increase of CF consumption, Fe 3o 4the diffraction peak intensity of phase strengthens gradually, α-Fe 2o 3the diffraction peak intensity of phase weakens gradually, i.e. target magnetic component Fe 3o 4content increase, and α-Fe 2o 3content reduce.As can be seen here, under optimum solvent heat (solvent, temperature, time) condition, as long as the consumption of regulation and control CF, appropriate Fe can be ensured 3+→ Fe 2+conversion, to obtain high Fe 3o 4the magnetic material of content.In addition, the diffraction peaks broadening of sample, shows scantling little (being about 14nm), should be nano-scale.
2, IR analyzes
Fig. 6 is the present invention CF used and preparation sample F e 3o 4the IR figure of/C.IR spectrogram relatively finds: at Fe 3o 4in the IR figure of/C, 3450cm -1the neighbouring absorption band corresponding to group-NH ,-OH and 3000cm -1near correspond to=absworption peak of C-H and-C-H disappears substantially; 1780 ~ 1600cm -1between the absworption peak obvious broadening relevant with various C=O for be with, 1600 ~ 1270cm -1between the multiple absworption peak broadening relevant with C=C, C=N etc. and intensity obviously strengthen; 1270 ~ 950cm -1between should be relevant with groups such as C-O-C, C-N-C absworption peak significantly weaken.Therefore, by 3450 and 3000cm -1near, and 1780 ~ 950cm -1between the significant change of absworption peak/band show: chicken feather CF is at Fe 3+under existence condition, by solvent heat process, its conjugated degree significantly increases/obviously carbonization, therefore is referred to as material with carbon element.Lower than 950cm -1scope in, the absorption band of Qiang Erkuan should be shown in acromion with the-S-S-(in M-O and CF in inorganic compound) relevant; And can infer from the division of M-O absorption band: Fe 3o 4fe in/C 3o 4phase small-sized or/and and there is strong interaction between the polar group (as C=O ,-S-S-etc.) in C material.
3, XPS analysis
Fig. 7 is sample F e 3o 4the XPS figure of/C.From total spectrogram (a), containing C, O, N, S and Fe five kinds of elements in sample, and content is respectively C:57.98%, O:24.07%, Fe:10.13%, N:6.98%, S:0.83%.By O 1swide and asymmetric spectrum peak illustrate have the O of two kinds of different chemical environment to exist, they are attributable to the lattice O in oxide 2-with the ketonic oxygen (C=O) in CF.Same C 1sspectrogram prove sample F e 3o 4carbon in/C is mainly formed with C=C, C=N, C=O to be existed, and namely CF is under metal ion existent condition, and after solvent heat process, its conjugated degree increases or basic carbonization (consistent with the IR result of this sample).By wide and asymmetric Fe 2ppeak proves the Fe:Fe that there is different valence state in sample 3+and Fe 2+, this result absolutely proves that CF has good reproducibility, can by Fe 3+partial reduction is Fe 2+, to ensure Fe 3+→ Fe 3o 4conversion.
4, tem analysis
Fig. 8 is the TEM figure of sample.As seen from Figure 8, obtained material is nano-sized materials, presents fusiformis structure, and is assembled by less particle; Find no the phenomenon that machine-inorganic phase is separated, and good dispersion property.In fact, from the IR spectrogram of CF, there is a large amount of polar groups (as-OH ,-NH, C=O ,-S-S-etc.) to exist in CF fiber, thus there is the performance of good Liquidity limit.In other words, in solvent heat process, metal cations Fe 3+first adsorbing (mainly in coordinate bond mode) at CF fiber surface, is Fe by the reduction of CF and solvent heat process converted in-situ 3o 4.And CF is in metal cations Fe 3+effect under converted in-situ be the material with carbon element of high conjugated degree.Therefore, from certain angle, CF and metal cations Fe 3+respectively at Fe 3+→ Fe 3o 4with also play the effect of catalyst in the conversion process of CF → C.
In sum, the present invention makes reducing agent/catalyst with CF, without under other any additive (as precipitation reagent, reducing agent, catalyst) existent condition, utilizes solvent-thermal method one step to prepare Fe 3o 4/ C magnetic nanometer composite material.In this solvent heat preparation process, CF is reducing agent and catalyst, makes Fe 3+be reduced into Fe 2+, achieve by single Fe 3+fe is prepared in source 3o 4process; CF is again carbon source simultaneously, at Fe 3+under existent condition, transformed into the material with carbon element with high conjugated degree by solvent heat process.That is, the method set up by the present invention, a step achieves Fe 3+→ Fe 3o 4, the conversion of CF → C and Fe 3o 4with the organic composite of both C, and without the need to pyrolytic conversion, Crystallizing treatment process, the Fe with good magnetic property can be prepared 3o 4/ C nano composite material.Therefore, the present invention have that cost is low, flow process is short, efficiency is high, the outstanding advantages such as simple to operate, environmental protection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 CF is on products therefrom composition and the impact of magnetic property.
Fig. 2 solvent is on products therefrom composition and the impact of magnetic property.
Fig. 3 solvent heat temperature is on products therefrom composition and the impact of magnetic property.
Fig. 4 is sample F e 3o 4the hysteresis graph of/C-1 ~ 3.
Fig. 5 is sample F e 3o 4the XRD figure of/C-1 ~ 3.
Fig. 6 is CF and sample F e 3o 4the IR figure of/C.
Fig. 7 is sample F e 3o 4the XPS figure of/C.
Fig. 8 is sample F e 3o 4the TEM figure of/C.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment to Fe of the present invention 3o 4preparation and the magnetic property thereof of/C magnetic nanometer composite material are described further.
embodiment 1
(1) preliminary treatment of chicken feather: the preliminary treatment of chicken feather CF: by the chicken feather removing surface impurity collected, use alcohol immersion 48h after cleaning, dry, pack rear for subsequent use.
(2) Fe 3o 4the preparation of magnetic nanometer composite material: by 2.4240gFe (NO 3) 39H 2o joins in 48mLEtOH, after stirring and dissolving, is immersed by 1.4000gCF in this solution, proceeds in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor after ultrasonic 1h, at 180 DEG C, and reaction 10h.Through centrifugal, washing, drying, obtain nano magnetic material.The magnetization of this composite nano materials is 3.12emu/g.
embodiment 2
(1) preliminary treatment of chicken feather: with embodiment 1.
(2) Fe 3o 4the preparation of magnetic nanometer composite material: by 2.4240gFe (NO 3) 39H 2o joins in 48mLEtOH, after stirring and dissolving, adds 1.4000gCF(CF and Fe (NO 3) 39H 2the mass ratio of O is: 0.58:1), proceeds in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor after ultrasonic 1h, at 200 DEG C, after reaction 10h, centrifugal, washing, dry, obtains nano magnetic material.The magnetization of this composite nano materials is 29.75emu/g.
embodiment 3
(1) preliminary treatment of chicken feather: with embodiment 1.
(2) Fe 3o 4the preparation of magnetic nanometer composite material: by 2.4240gFe (NO 3) 39H 2o joins in 48mLEtOH, after stirring and dissolving, adds 1.4000gCF(CF and Fe (NO 3) 39H 2the mass ratio of O is: 0.58:1), proceeds in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor after ultrasonic 1h, at 200 DEG C, after reaction 20h, centrifugal, washing, dry, obtains nano magnetic material.The magnetization of this composite nano materials is 35.54emu/g.
embodiment 4
(1) preliminary treatment of chicken feather: with embodiment 1.
(2) Fe 3o 4the preparation of magnetic nanometer composite material: by 2.4240gFe (NO 3) 39H 2o joins in 48mLEtOH, after stirring and dissolving, adds 1.4000gCF(CF and Fe (NO 3) 39H 2the mass ratio of O is: 0.58:1), proceeds in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor after ultrasonic 1h, at 200 DEG C, after reaction 30h, centrifugal, washing, dry, obtains nano magnetic material.The magnetization of this composite nano materials is 48.33emu/g.
embodiment 5
(1) preliminary treatment of chicken feather: with embodiment 1.
(2) Fe 3o 4the preparation of magnetic nanometer composite material: by 2.4240gFe (NO 3) 39H 2o joins in 48mLEtOH, after stirring and dissolving, adds 2.2000gCF(CF and Fe (NO 3) 39H 2the mass ratio of O is: 0.91:1), proceeds in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor after ultrasonic 1h, and at 200 DEG C, after reaction 30h, centrifugal, washing, dry, obtain nano magnetic material, its saturation magnetization is 51.74emu/g.
embodiment 6
(1) preliminary treatment of chicken feather: with embodiment 1.
(2) Fe 3o 4the preparation of magnetic nanometer composite material: by 2.4240gFe (NO 3) 39H 2o joins in 48mLEtOH, after stirring and dissolving, adds 2.6000gCF(CF and Fe (NO 3) 39H 2the mass ratio of O is: 1.08:1), proceeds in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor after ultrasonic 1h, and at 200 DEG C, after reaction 30h, centrifugal, washing, dry, obtain nano magnetic material, its saturated magnetic intensity is 65.37emu/g.

Claims (6)

1. a preparation method for ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanometer composite material is with Fe (NO 3) 39H 2o is raw material, and chicken feather is reducing agent, and ethanol is solvent, carries out solvent thermal reaction; Reaction terminates rear centrifugal, washing, dry, obtains ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanometer composite material.
2. the preparation method of ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanometer composite material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: by Fe (NO 3) 39H 2o is fully dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, then is immersed by the chicken feather of clean, after ultrasonic 0.5 ~ 1h, transfers in polytetrafluoroethylene reactor, at 180 ~ 200 DEG C, react 10 ~ 30h; Reaction terminates rear centrifugal, washing, dry, can obtain.
3. the preparation method of ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanometer composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: chicken feather and Fe (NO after process 3) 39H 2the mass ratio of O is 0.58:1 ~ 1.08:1.
4. the preparation method of ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanometer composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described washing adopts absolute ethyl alcohol and redistilled water to wash.
5. the preparation method of ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanometer composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described drying is in an oven, dry 9 ~ 10h at 110 ~ 120 DEG C.
6. the preparation method of ferroferric oxide/carbon magnetic nanometer composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the clean of described chicken feather, be by chicken feather first with after water cleaning removing surface impurity, in soaked in absolute ethyl alcohol process 24 ~ 48h, dry for subsequent use.
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CN105315461A (en) * 2015-12-03 2016-02-10 西北师范大学 Method for preparing polyaniline-ferroferric oxide (PANI-Fe3O4) nanocomposite by solvothermal method
CN106241886A (en) * 2016-07-22 2016-12-21 浙江师范大学 A kind of Electromagnetic enhancement carbon magnetic composite and preparation method and application
CN110560064A (en) * 2019-09-20 2019-12-13 武汉轻工大学 Preparation method and application of magnetic carbon sphere loaded cobaltosic oxide catalyst
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CN110560064A (en) * 2019-09-20 2019-12-13 武汉轻工大学 Preparation method and application of magnetic carbon sphere loaded cobaltosic oxide catalyst

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