CN105045621A - Chain guide and dynamic partition table modification based installation method for any number of systems - Google Patents
Chain guide and dynamic partition table modification based installation method for any number of systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN105045621A CN105045621A CN201510408544.6A CN201510408544A CN105045621A CN 105045621 A CN105045621 A CN 105045621A CN 201510408544 A CN201510408544 A CN 201510408544A CN 105045621 A CN105045621 A CN 105045621A
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Abstract
Provided is a chain guide and dynamic partition table modification based installation method for any number of systems. Installation of any number of operating systems can be implemented mainly based on chain start and dynamic modification of system partitions. A stage of general bootloader is added to a routine startup process to form chain startup consisting of two stages of boolloaders, and then a system partition table is dynamically modified through customized Linux, so that switching of multiple systems can be implemented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic technology field, is the installation method of any multisystem guiding and on-the-fly modify partition table based on chain type specifically.
Background technology
Increasing Cross-border congestion management and application, need the support to multiple operating system, such as Windows, linux, Mac etc., add different versions and the branch of each system at present, and combination is just more, just more urgent to the demand of multiple operating system.
Although the APP application of pure software can be met by virtual machine, some hardware-related exploitations, as driven, use virtual machine then helpless.
Therefore conventional Cross-border congestion management and application need to install multiple stage machine, extremely inconvenient engineer applied.
On the other hand, current hard disc of computer space, considerably beyond the size of general storage demand, is now only installed an operating system, is caused the significant wastage of hard drive space.
Although patent " a kind of method and electronic equipment realizing multiple operating system " achieves a kind of installation of multisystem, its operating system number realized is less than subregion number.
According to existing MBR zoning schemes, have at most four main partitions, and boot partition can only be main partition.
Although GPT partition table does not limit subregion number in theory, in fact there is certain restriction to the startup of GPT subregion in certain operations system, cannot realize any subregion and start,
Therefore existing multi partition starts, and cannot realize the installation more than four operating systems.
Current most of multi partition startup is all the one-level guiding mechanism method based on BIOS layer and Bootloader, and can only realize guiding of simply starting shooting, the difficulty of secondary regarded as output controlling is very large.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts chain type to guide the method adding and on-the-fly modify system partition table to realize the installation of any multisystem, breaks through the restriction of operating system installation number by fdisk number.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing above-mentioned technical purpose is: guide based on chain type and on-the-fly modify the installation method of any multisystem of partition table, comprising the following steps,
Step one, in conventional starting up's flow process, increase the general Bootloader of one-level, the chain type becoming two-stage Bootloader composition starts, the rear starting procedure improved: first BIOS loads first order Bootloader from MBR, be called Bootloader1, and the Bootloader of corresponding operating system is loaded by Bootloader1, be called Bootloader2, and loaded by Bootloader2 and start corresponding operating system;
Step 2, DISK to Image is divided into four pieces, is placed on four main partitions respectively: Muti-system, Data, MaintainOS and Bootloader.Wherein Muti-system subregion is used for depositing various operating system, the same subregion of each system time-sharing multiplex, Data subregion is used for the shared data deposited between each system, MaintainOS subregion installs a basic customizing linux operating system, be used for revising the switching that partition table realizes system dynamically, Bootloader subregion is used for depositing Bootloader1, and operating system divides table, Bootloader2 then leaves the start-up portion in respective operating system space in Muti-system subregion in;
Step 3, utilize linux boot disk, MaintainOS is installed and is placed on MaintainOS subregion, start and enter MaintainOS, and in MaintainOS, Bootloader1 is arranged on Bootleader subregion, set up operating system division table simultaneously, be placed on Bootloader subregion.According to changing method, be switched to corresponding system space, carry out normal OS installation;
Described changing method is:
Step one, system state corresponding in operating system division table is set to 1, the state of other system is set to 0, and secondary boot partition is changed into MaintainOS;
Step 2, restart machine, the Bootloader2 that Bootloader1 is corresponding according to the state load MaintainOS of boot partition, start MaintainOS by Bootloader2;
Step 3, MaintainOS revise the start address of Muti-system subregion according to the system entries activated in the operating system division table in Bootloader subregion, and secondary boot partition is changed into Muti-system subregion;
Step 4, restart machine, Bootloader1 loads the Bootloader2 of the correspondence of Muti-system according to the option chain type of boot partition, start corresponding OS;
Step 5, switch complete.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the invention provides a kind of installation method of any multiple operating system, breach the restriction of operating system installation number by fdisk number, its operating system number of installing is only relevant with the space shared by hard-disk capacity size and operating system, and separate between each operating system, be independent of each other.
2, the present invention adopts the linux operating system of customization, easily carries out secondary development, expansion and system integrating.
A, for the backup of system and maintenance, be exactly general linux file operation, exploitation and regular job difficulty all very little, and as easy as rolling off a log realization is automatic and timed backup.
B, because linux operating system itself provides the support of network, operating system division table can be placed on long-range server end, thus realize the long-range switching of multiple operating system.
C, backup also can add memory device (as long as MaintainOS supports) in addition, also can realize remote backup.
D, subregion between system and data are independently, therefore can share data partition between system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Booting sequence figure;
Fig. 2 is partition table figure;
Fig. 3 is multisystem fdisk scheme;
Fig. 4 is operating system division table.
Embodiment
The Bootloader1 that the support chain type of the present invention starts will meet two conditions:
1, support that chain type starts.
2, most file system is supported.
Such as can with grub as a general Bootloader1.Bootloader2 then adopts the Bootloader corresponding to each operating system.Such as windows can carry with it, and linux can use grub, lilo etc.
MaintainOS adopts the linux of customization, can use gentoo to customize.
Only need to install most ultimate system just passable, do not need XWindow is installed.
The present invention is divided into four pieces DISK to Image, and place four main partitions (Muti-system, Data, MaintainOS, Bootloader) respectively, the partition table just meeting MBR only has at most the requirement in four main partitions.Because MBR partition table leaves last 64 bytes of hard disk first sector in, every part of partition table occupies 16 bytes, just in time four subregions.
Partition table as Fig. 2, the present invention by adjusting the start address of subregion, the size of end address and subregion realizes partition table time-sharing multiplex.
In the present invention, Muti-system subregion is shared in the timesharing of all operations system.Data, MaintainOS and Bootloader1 be an exclusive subregion respectively.Rewrite Muti-system subregion in partition table dynamically by MaintainOS to begin to stop the switching that address realizes operating system, the order of subregion is divided and can arbitrarily be adjusted.General allocation strategy is order-assigned, as shown in Figure 3:
1, Muti-system subregion is used for depositing various operating system, and the operating system number of installation depends on the size of hard-disk capacity.Such as need installation 6 systems, each system 120G, so just needs the hard drive space of 600G.
2, Data subregion is used for the shared data deposited between each system, and its size is determined by the remaining space size of hard disk.
3, MaintainOS installs a basic customizing linux operating system, is used for realizing the backup (generally needing about 2G space) of systematic evaluation and system.
4, Bootloader subregion is used for depositing Bootloader1, and operating system divides table (as Fig. 4), and Bootloader2 then leaves the start-up portion in respective operating system space in Muti-system subregion in.
(1) multisystem installation process
1, according to demand and the size of hard disk, calculate partition size, subregion is carried out to hard disk.
2, utilize the linux boot disk of customization, MaintainOS is installed and is placed on MaintainOS subregion.
3, startup enters MaintainOS, and in MaintainOS, Bootloader1 is arranged on Bootleader subregion, sets up operating system division table at Bootloader subregion simultaneously.
4, according to operating system switching method in the present invention, be switched to corresponding system space, carry out normal operating system installation.
Embodiment 1
(1) we are with the hard disk of 1T, and installing six operating systems is example.Hard disk allocative decision is as follows:
Here start address/end address is hard disk (LogicalBlockAddress) LBA address, and (size is 8K) calculates according to 1G=1000M, 1M=1000K in units of cyls, and rounds and obtain.These units can check: sfdisk-l-uC checks.
(2)specific implementation step
1, with sfdisk, subregion is carried out to hard disk
Same Muti-System subregion (only activating a system each time) is shared in six operating system time-sharings, and Data, MaintainOS, a Bootloader independent subregion separately.According to upper table, write real partition table.
sfdisk/dev/sda<<EOF
1,14589,L#Win7
87541,33572,L#Data
121114,243,L#MaintainOS
121358,243,L#Booloader
EOF
2, gentoo to the MaintainOS subregion of customization is installed.
3, grub to Bootloader subregion is installed, and configures menulist
timeout3
defaultsaved
titleMaintainOS
rootnoverify(hd0,2)
chainloader+1
savedefault1
titleMuti-System
rootnoverify(hd0,0)
chainloader+1
savedefault1
4, operating system division table is left in Bootloader subregion.
5, in gentoo, start is added from opening service.The operating system of automatic reading Bootloader subregion divides table, and revises the address of Muti-System subregion in partition table accordingly.
6, Bootloader subregion is all visible in all systems.When needs switch, as long as the startupoptions of amendment grub/default is MaintainOS subregion, revise the state of corresponding system simultaneously, restart machine and changeable.
Claims (2)
1. guide based on chain type and on-the-fly modify the installation method of any multisystem of partition table, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps,
Step one, in conventional starting up's flow process, increase the general Bootloader of one-level, the chain type becoming two-stage Bootloader composition starts, the rear starting procedure improved: first BIOS loads first order Bootloader from MBR, be called Bootloader1, and the Bootloader of corresponding operating system is loaded by Bootloader1, be called Bootloader2, and loaded by Bootloader2 and start corresponding operating system;
Step 2, DISK to Image is divided into four pieces, is placed on four main partitions respectively: Muti-system, Data, MaintainOS and Bootloader; Wherein Muti-system subregion is used for depositing various operating system, the same subregion of each system time-sharing multiplex, Data subregion is used for the shared data deposited between each system, MaintainOS subregion installs a basic customizing linux operating system, be used for revising the switching that partition table realizes system dynamically, Bootloader subregion is used for depositing Bootloader1, and operating system divides table, Bootloader2 then leaves the start-up portion in respective operating system space in Muti-system subregion in;
Step 3, utilize linux boot disk, MaintainOS is installed and is placed on MaintainOS subregion, start and enter MaintainOS, and in MaintainOS, Bootloader1 is arranged on Bootleader subregion, set up operating system division table simultaneously, be placed on Bootloader subregion, according to changing method, be switched to corresponding system space, carry out normal OS installation.
2. guide as claimed in claim 1 and on-the-fly modify the installation method of any multisystem of partition table based on chain type, it is characterized in that: described changing method is:
Step one, system state corresponding in operating system division table is set to 1, the state of other system is set to 0, and secondary boot partition is changed into MaintainOS;
Step 2, restart machine, the Bootloader2 that Bootloader1 is corresponding according to the state load MaintainOS of boot partition, start MaintainOS by Bootloader2;
Step 3, MaintainOS revise the start address of Muti-system subregion according to the system entries activated in the operating system division table in Bootloader subregion, and secondary boot partition is changed into Muti-system subregion;
Step 4, restart machine, Bootloader1 loads the Bootloader2 of the correspondence of Muti-system according to the option chain type of boot partition, start corresponding OS;
Step 5, switch complete.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106648685A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-10 | 东软集团股份有限公司 | Processing method and device of intelligent terminal system and intelligent terminal |
| US10635451B2 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2020-04-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Mass storage medium having an operating system but not a partition table pre-installed |
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| CN101369230A (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2009-02-18 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Operating system loading method used for computer |
| US20110022832A1 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2011-01-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Multi-operating system (os) booting apparatus, multi-os booting program, recording medium, and multi-os booting method |
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| US10635451B2 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2020-04-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Mass storage medium having an operating system but not a partition table pre-installed |
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