CN105043430B - A kind of LVDT Transducer Signal Detecting Circuits and its detection method - Google Patents
A kind of LVDT Transducer Signal Detecting Circuits and its detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of LVDT Transducer Signal Detecting Circuits and its detection method, detection circuit includes frequency generating circuit, frequency generating circuit connects LVDT sensors with driving circuit by analogue filter circuit successively, the secondary coil of LVDT sensors after amplitude modulate circuit and A/D conversion modules, is separately connected envelope parsing module and breakdown judge module successively.Detection method exports sinusoidal 0 phase first, in accordance with primary coil, the phase of secondary coil is judged after delay, elapsed time is recorded when secondary coil phase is 0, then according still further to recorded delay data, so that the secondary coil of LVDT sensors is carried out signal acquisition, signal amplitude, phase are judged by envelope parsing module and breakdown judge module respectively, whether in normal range (NR), corresponding different situations obtain guilty culprit to acceleration.The present invention integrates detection and fault diagnosis, and diagnosis coverage rate and flexibility are higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to industrial control fields, and in particular to a kind of LVDT Transducer Signal Detecting Circuits and its detection side
Method.
Background technology
LVDT linear variable difference transformers are displacement sensors common in industrial control system, are widely used in electricity
The industries such as power, petrochemical industry, chemical industry.Existing LVDT sensor signal detections technology there are the problem of have following aspect：
1, current all methods are all made of analogy method, and circuit is complicated, and integrated level is low, and reliability is low, and cost is difficult to drop
It is low.
2, can completely does not carry out fault detect to current method to LVDT signals, such as primary coil fault, fault
Deng.Reason is that pervious scheme carries out information extraction using analog form, cannot comprehensively analyze original signal, only extracts
Useful information, and carry out fault detect and need to use to be modeled the partial information that acquisition information filters, thus cannot carry out therefore
Barrier judges.
3, bad adaptability when external sensor characteristic variations, needs circuit parameter because being realized by analog circuit
Adjustment.
Based on the above issues, it is urgent to provide a kind of stabilization, intelligence, digitization program at low cost adapts to different scenes
It is required that.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to the defects of for the above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of detection and the fault diagnosis of collecting in one
The LVDT Transducer Signal Detecting Circuits and its detection method of body, can completely carry out fault detect, and diagnosis coverage rate is high.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution that LVDT Transducer Signal Detecting Circuits of the present invention use for：
Including frequency generating circuit, frequency generating circuit connects LVDT sensings through analogue filter circuit with driving circuit successively
Device, the secondary coil of LVDT sensors after amplitude modulate circuit and A/D conversion modules, are separately connected for finding successively
The envelope parsing module of each period maximum value of frequency acquisition and the breakdown judge module of analysis institute frequency acquisition parameter.
What the frequency generating circuit generated is digitized sine wave code value, and defeated according to the frequency of setting and amplitude progress
Go out.
The renewal frequency of the frequency generating circuit output voltage values be more than need the sine wave freuqency 16 that exports again with
On, PWM fundamental frequencies are more than 10 times of the renewal frequency or more of output voltage values.
The analogue filter circuit includes the low pass for frequency generating circuit output voltage to be become to continuous sine wave
Filter.
The driving circuit includes the capacitance influenced on LVDT cell winding magnetic circuits for reducing direct current.
The LVDT sensors are divided into three, four, five, six line systems；For three, four-wire system LVDT sensors, secondary coil
Successively after amplitude modulate circuit and A/D conversion modules, it is separately connected envelope parsing module and breakdown judge module；For
Five, six line LVDT sensors, increase additional channel, and additional channel has and three, four-wire system LVDT sensors secondary coil institute
Identical circuit is connect, two-way secondary coil is made independently to detect.
The A/D conversion modules sampling opportunity has adjustable determine with frequency generating circuit voltage output update opportunity
Delay.
The technical solution that LVDT sensor signal detections method of the present invention uses, includes the following steps：
The first step makes the primary coil of LVDT sensors export sinusoidal 0 phase, after delay, is acquired according to secondary coil
The signal arrived carries out phase judgement, if the collected phase of secondary coil and the primary coil phase difference of output are more than 0, according to phase
The minimum resolution that position is adjusted subtracts delay, if phase is less than 0, adds delay, secondary coil according to phase-adjusted minimum resolution
It resurveys signal and carries out phase judgement, until it is 0 that phase, which is difference, record delay data；
Second step, according to recorded delay data, the secondary coil of LVDT sensors carries out signal acquisition, if LVDT is sensed
Device primary coil phase is 90 ° or 180 ° sinusoidal, carries out digital low-pass filtering to the input frequency of LVDT sensors, passes through envelope
Parsing module judges amplitude whether in normal range (NR), if, output signal, on the contrary alarm；If LVDT sensor primary coils
Phase is 0, judges phase whether in normal range (NR) by breakdown judge module, if in the secondary coil weight of LVDT sensors
It is new to carry out signal acquisition, on the contrary it alarms；
When third walks, the secondary coil of LVDT sensors carries out signal acquisition according to recorded delay data, pass through failure
Judgment module judges acceleration whether within the scope of sunpender, while sending out digital low-pass filtering locking output to envelope parsing module
It orders and acceleration signal is sent out to breakdown judge module and confirm judgement, if breakdown judge module confirms that acceleration is in sunpender
In range, then alarm is sent out, otherwise releases the digital low-pass filtering locking of envelope parsing module；
4th step, LVDT sensor faults analyze and determine, specific as follows；
1. broken string, short circuit occur for primary coil or secondary coil：LVDT sensors are divided into three, four, five, six line systems, three,
Secondary coil does not collect frequency under four-wire system, indicate primary coil broken string or short circuit or all coils break simultaneously or
Short circuit；Under five, six line systems, if single channel does not have frequency, the corresponding secondary coil broken string in the channel or short circuit are indicated, if two
A channel does not have frequency then to indicate primary coil broken string or short circuit or all coils while broken string or short-circuit simultaneously；
2. channel circuit failure：It is more than design that deviation, which occur, in phase of output signal and amplitude and input signal phase and amplitude
Offset；
3. sensor boom failure：LVDT sensor verticals are installed, when detecting that acceleration change occurs in amplitude signal
When, tentatively judge sunpender, carry out pre-alarm, sends locking output order at this time；It is secondary when center-pole is dropped out from LVDT sensors
Grade signal can show inverse change, and the value until being stabilized to a normal range (NR) confirms sunpender at this time, formal to alarm.
Compared with prior art, LVDT Transducer Signal Detecting Circuits of the present invention can substitute integrated simulation chip completely
AD698, and fault diagnosis functions are attached, frequency parameter acquisition is comprehensive, and diagnosis coverage rate improves, and envelope of the present invention parses mould
Block and breakdown judge module are handled information by digitized mode, and Digital Implementation can be according to current information and history
Information carries out intelligent management.In addition, the circuit can facilitate the frequency and width of setting frequency generating circuit output drive signal
Value, to be adapted to different LVDT sensors and situ configuration so that the flexibility of circuit is higher.
Further, the renewal frequency of frequency generating circuit output voltage values of the present invention is more than the sinusoidal wave frequency for needing to export
16 times of rate or more, PWM fundamental frequencies are more than 10 times of the renewal frequency or more of output voltage values, because the voltage value of output is discrete
Digital quantity, need smoothly can just become sine wave by analogue filter circuit progress, if voltage renewal frequency is low, smooth effect
Fruit is with regard to very poor, and just unlike sine wave, PWM needs to pass through filtering the waveform of output because being to indicate voltage value by duty ratio
Voltage can just be become, if PWM fundamental frequencies are too low, the update of voltage can be influenced.
Further, the conversion frequency of A/D conversion modules of the present invention and sampling opportunity and frequency generating circuit voltage output
The timely machine of renewal frequency has constant time lag, can simplify the design of circuit.
Compared with prior art, LVDT sensor signal detections method of the present invention is first, in accordance with primary coil output sine 0
Phase judges the phase of secondary coil after delay, record secondary coil phase be 0 when elapsed time, then according still further to
Record delay makes the secondary coil of LVDT sensors carry out signal acquisition, is acquired because the delay makes acquisition channel know
Signal peak position, therefore without responsible peak search algorithm, peak value can be found by directly carrying out peak value acquisition.Pass through envelope
Parsing module and breakdown judge module judge signal amplitude respectively, and phase, acceleration whether in normal range (NR), do not sympathize with by correspondence
Condition obtains guilty culprit.Detection method is easy to operate, and fault diagnosis is accurate, is adapted to different LVDT sensors and scene
Configuration.
Description of the drawings
The structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1 detection circuits of the present invention；
The flow chart of Fig. 2 detection methods；
In attached drawing：1- frequency generating circuits；2- analogue filter circuits；3- driving circuits；4-LVDT sensors；5- amplitude tune
Manage circuit；6-A/D conversion modules；7- envelope parsing modules；8- breakdown judge modules；9- additional channels.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Fig. 1, LVDT Transducer Signal Detecting Circuits of the present invention include frequency generating circuit 1, frequency generating circuit 1 according to
Secondary to connect LVDT sensors 4 through analogue filter circuit 2 and driving circuit 3, the secondary coil of LVDT sensors 4 passes through amplitude successively
After modulate circuit 5 and A/D conversion modules 6, it is separately connected envelope parsing module 7 and breakdown judge module 8.
Frequency generating circuit 1, A/D conversion modules 6, envelope parsing module 7 and breakdown judge module 8 belong to digital circuit portion
Point, analogue filter circuit 2, driving circuit 3, LVDT sensors 4 and amplitude modulate circuit 5 belong to artificial circuit part, add logical
The inside in road 9 also includes amplitude modulate circuit 5, after A/D conversion modules 6, envelope parsing module 7 and breakdown judge module 8.
Digital circuits section can be selected a piece of microcontroller and be realized, the microcontroller have all the way AD acquisition, all the way PWM or
Person's DA outputs, such as the microcontrollers such as Infineon's XMC1000 series monolithics or Freescale K20 series.
1 principle of frequency generating circuit is identical as DDS, by digital form, generates sine wave code value, and according to certain frequency
Rate and amplitude are exported, and the frequency and amplitude are configured by parameter, to adapt to different LVDT sensor requirements.Output
DA PWM two ways may be selected in voltage value, and the renewal frequency of output voltage values generally should be greater than the sine wave for needing to export
16 times of frequency or more, PWM fundamental frequencies should be greater than 10 times of voltage value renewal frequency or more, to obtain preferable effect, because defeated
The voltage value gone out is discrete digital quantity, needs to carry out smoothly capable of just becoming sine wave by analogue filter circuit 2, if voltage
Renewal frequency is low, and smooth effect is with regard to very poor, and the waveform of output is just unlike sine wave, and PWM is because be to indicate electricity by duty ratio
Pressure value needs just become voltage by filtering, if PWM fundamental frequencies are too low, can influence voltage update.It is assumed that needs exported
Frequency is F, then needs the DA chips for selecting conversion rate as 16*F, if exported with PWM, PWM fundamental frequencies want 160*F, design
The look-up table of 16 values puts in the sine value of a cycle, and the frequency according to 16F exports one by one.
The principle of analogue filter circuit 2 is exactly low-pass filtering, single order low pass or second-order low-pass filter, higher order
There is no positive effect, output voltage values are filtered into continuous sine wave.
Driving circuit 3 is to adapt to the long linear load in scene setting, the output of driving circuit 3 is required to carry out blocking, drop by capacitance
Influence of the low DC circuit to coil magnetic circuit.
LVDT sensors 4 divide does not have to use for three, four, five, six line systems wherein three, four-wire system secondary coil is only all the way
Additional channel 9, five, the normal mode of connection of six line systems have two-way secondary coil, need to use additional channel 9.
Amplitude modulate circuit 5 is voltage modulate circuit, and on-site signal voltage, which is adjusted to A/D conversion modules 6, to be acquired
In the range of signal arrived, and basic analog filtering is carried out, eliminates the High-frequency Interference of signal.
The conversion frequency of A/D conversion modules 6 of the present invention and sampling opportunity and 1 voltage output renewal frequency of frequency generating circuit
Timely machine has constant time lag, can simplify the design of circuit.
Envelope parsing module 7 parses for digital envelope, that is, finds the maximum value in the sine wave each period of acquisition back, uses
The variation of the variation characterization on-site signal of the maximum value.It is primary or secondary disconnected when there is LVDT because output is frequency signal
When line, short circuit and other faults, inevitably result in input frequency signal variation, breakdown judge module 8 by amplitude,
The detection of frequency, phase carries out breakdown judge, and concrete principle is as follows：
Primary coil and secondary coil have a fixed phase relation, magnitude relation according to the initialization of LVDT in use,
Setting output to primary coil frequency and voltage, during zeroing adjusts full, by program obtain secondary voltage range and
The phase relation of secondary signal and primary signal, during normal use, phase and amplitude is in correct range, and indication circuit is just
Often, outside line is normal, and phase deviation, amplitude deviation are all failure performances.The failure that scene often occurs has：
1, broken string, short circuit occur for primary coil or secondary coil；Under 3,4 line systems secondary coil do not have frequency collection into
Come, under 5,6 line systems, if single channel does not have frequency, indicates the corresponding secondary coil broken string of no frequency channel or short circuit, if
Two do not have frequency then to indicate primary coil broken string or short circuit, or wired while broken string or short circuit simultaneously.
2, channel circuit failure；Channel circuit failure is generally the device performance of channel circuit, parameter shifts, channel
Circuit is mainly made of amplifier, resistance, capacitance, and is low-pass filter circuit, when a failure occurs it, shows as output signal phase
There is deviation in position and the phase and amplitude of amplitude and input signal, because in initialization in use, having recorded under normal circumstances
Amplitude and phase difference are obtained because of amplitude and phase difference caused by environment changes by calculating in actual use, are more than design
Offset means that channel circuit breaks down, if initial phase deviation is 3 degree, because of phase deviation caused by temperature, humidity
± 2 degree are up to, in actual use, when measuring phase deviation less than 1 degree or more than 5 degree, means that channel failure.
Similarly, also there are one zone of reasonableness for amplitude, overrun and indicate failure, the two parameters can change simultaneously, but because width
It is bigger to be worth normal range (NR), and variation caused by Parameters variation is smaller, removes the severity of non-faulting, is generally not easy to judge event
Barrier.
3, LVDT sunpenders failure；When sunpender occurs in LVDT, if LVDT right angle settings, the center-pole of LVDT will be with deceleration
It falls down, while can be reacted in signal amplitude variation for the acceleration of G, rate of change is also a*G, and wherein a is primary signal
Secondary signal ratio, generally 1, it is obtained according to output amplitude and output amplitude maximum value when can be used by initializing.Work as detection
When there is this acceleration change to amplitude signal, so that it may tentatively to judge sunpender, carry out pre-alarm, lockable LVDT is defeated at this time
Go out signal, reducing influences.If acceleration not can confirm that, continue to detect signal, when LVDT continues to fall down, when center-pole is from LVDT
When dropping out, secondary signal can show inverse change at this time, the value until being stabilized to a normal range (NR), if occurring reversed rear steady
It is fixed, then it can be confirmed as sunpender, it is formal to alarm.If LVDT horizontal, sunpender rear center bar position will not change, signal card
Extremely, such case cannot judge, external information is needed to carry out auxiliary judgment.
Internal fault and external fault, i.e. channel circuit failure and wiring faults, breakdown judge are determined by deviation range
Comprehensively.
Driving circuit 3 can technically be implemented by multiple means such as transistor, power preventions, and amplitude modulate circuit 5 can lead to
Amplifier realization is crossed, than more conventional, A/D conversion modules 6 are recommended to use SAR type A/D chips, technology maturation, in this application cost performance
Height, envelope parsing module 7 carry standard envelope analytical algorithm, because the data of input and the signal phase difference of acquisition are fixed, institute
With effect closer to theoretical, the carrying breakdown judge algorithm of breakdown judge module 8, substantially characteristic value judgement is set normal special
Value indicative range and known fault eigenvalue, can differentiate known fault, normal condition or unknown failure, easily realize.
The rate-adaptive pacemaker of frequency generating circuit 1 is generally 1~5KHz, and amplitude is generally 1~24V, amplitude, frequency occurrence
It is arranged according to the requirement for the LVDT sensors 4 being coupled, the cutoff frequency of analogue filter circuit 2 is generally 10K or so, preferably two
Rank low-pass filtering, driving circuit 3 preferably use transistor to carry out power drive, power for single supply, using single triode
Coordinate analogue filter circuit 2 to realize, output voltage introducing analogue filter circuit 2 is fed back.Amplitude modulate circuit 5 is using logical
It is realized with operational amplifier, amplification factor is adjusted by digital regulation resistance, and A/D conversion modules 6 pass through general SAR types AD cores
Piece realizes that sample rate is more than 50KSPS.
Referring to Fig. 2, LVDT sensor signal detections method of the present invention includes the following steps：
The first step makes the primary coil of LVDT sensors 4 export sinusoidal 0 phase, after delay, is acquired according to secondary coil
The signal arrived carries out phase judgement, if the collected phase of secondary coil and the primary coil phase difference of output are more than 0, according to phase
The minimum resolution that position is adjusted subtracts delay, if phase is less than 0, adds delay, secondary coil according to phase-adjusted minimum resolution
It resurveys signal and carries out phase judgement, until it is 0 that phase, which is difference, record delay data；Minimum resolution is to adjust phase
Ability, here 0 be a range, which reaches 1 degree and is sufficient.
Second step, according to recorded delay data, the secondary coil of LVDT sensors 4 carries out signal acquisition, if LVDT is passed
4 primary coil phase of sensor is 90 ° or 180 ° sinusoidal, carries out digital low-pass filtering to the input frequency of LVDT sensors 4, passes through
Envelope parsing module 7 judges amplitude whether in normal range (NR), if, output signal, on the contrary alarm；If at the beginning of LVDT sensors 4
Grade coil phase is 0, judges phase whether in normal range (NR) by breakdown judge module 8, if in time of LVDT sensors 4
Grade coil re-starts signal acquisition, otherwise alarm；
When third walks, the secondary coil of LVDT sensors 4 carries out signal acquisition according to recorded delay data, pass through failure
Judgment module 8 judges acceleration whether within the scope of sunpender, while it is defeated to send out digital low-pass filtering locking to envelope parsing module 7
Go out order and acceleration signal is sent out to breakdown judge module 8 and confirm judgement, if breakdown judge module 8 confirms that acceleration is in
Within the scope of sunpender, then alarm is sent out, otherwise releases the digital low-pass filtering locking of envelope parsing module 7；
4th step, 4 accident analysis of LVDT sensors judge, specific as follows；
1. broken string, short circuit occur for primary coil or secondary coil：LVDT sensors 4 divide for three, four, five, six line systems,
Three, secondary coil does not collect frequency under four-wire system, indicates that primary coil broken string or short circuit or all coils are broken simultaneously
Or short circuit；Under five, six line systems, if single channel does not have frequency, the corresponding secondary coil broken string in the channel or short circuit are indicated, if
Two channels do not have frequency then to indicate primary coil broken string or short circuit or all coils while broken string or short-circuit simultaneously；
2. channel circuit failure：It is more than design that deviation, which occur, in phase of output signal and amplitude and input signal phase and amplitude
Offset；
3. sensor boom failure：By 4 right angle setting of LVDT sensors, when detecting that acceleration change occurs in amplitude signal
When, tentatively judge sunpender, carry out pre-alarm, sends locking output order at this time；When center-pole is dropped out from LVDT sensors 4,
Secondary signal can show inverse change, and the value until being stabilized to a normal range (NR) confirms sunpender at this time, formal to alarm.
LVDT Transducer Signal Detecting Circuits of the present invention can substitute integrated simulation chip AD698 completely, and attached
Fault diagnosis functions, frequency parameter acquisition is comprehensive, and diagnosis coverage rate improves, and envelope parsing module 7 and breakdown judge module 8 pass through
Digitized mode handles information, and Digital Implementation can carry out intelligent management according to current information and historical information.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of LVDT sensor signal detections method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
The first step makes the primary coil of LVDT sensors (4) export sinusoidal 0 phase, after delay, is collected according to secondary coil
Signal carry out phase judgement, if the collected phase of secondary coil and the primary coil phase difference of output are more than 0, according to phase
The minimum resolution of adjusting subtracts delay, if phase is less than 0, adds delay, secondary coil weight according to phase-adjusted minimum resolution
New acquisition signal carries out phase judgement, until it is 0 that phase, which is difference, records delay data；
Second step, according to recorded delay data, the secondary coil of LVDT sensors (4) carries out signal acquisition, if LVDT is sensed
Device (4) primary coil phase is 90 ° or 180 ° sinusoidal, carries out digital low-pass filtering to the input frequency of LVDT sensors (4), leads to
It crosses envelope parsing module (7) and judges amplitude whether in normal range (NR), if, output signal, on the contrary alarm；If LVDT sensors
(4) primary coil phase is 0, judges phase whether in normal range (NR) by breakdown judge module (8), if in LVDT sensings
The secondary coil of device (4) re-starts signal acquisition, otherwise alarm；
When third walks, the secondary coil of LVDT sensors (4) carries out signal acquisition according to recorded delay data, sentenced by failure
Disconnected module (8) judges acceleration whether within the scope of sunpender, while sending out digital low-pass filtering locking to envelope parsing module (7)
Output, which orders and sends out acceleration signal to breakdown judge module (8), confirms judgement, accelerates if breakdown judge module (8) confirms
Degree then sends out alarm within the scope of sunpender, otherwise releases the digital low-pass filtering locking of envelope parsing module (7)；
4th step, LVDT sensors (4) accident analysis judge, specific as follows；
1. broken string, short circuit occur for primary coil or secondary coil：LVDT sensors (4) are divided into three, four, five, six line systems, three,
Secondary coil does not collect frequency under four-wire system, indicate primary coil broken string or short circuit or all coils break simultaneously or
Short circuit；Under five, six line systems, if single channel does not have frequency, the corresponding secondary coil broken string in the channel or short circuit are indicated, if two
A channel does not have frequency then to indicate primary coil broken string or short circuit or all coils while broken string or short-circuit simultaneously；
2. channel circuit failure：It is more than that design deviates that deviation, which occur, in phase of output signal and amplitude and input signal phase and amplitude
Amount；
3. sensor boom failure：By LVDT sensors (4) right angle setting, when detecting that acceleration change occurs in amplitude signal
When, tentatively judge sunpender, carry out pre-alarm, sends locking output order at this time；When center-pole is dropped out from LVDT sensors (4)
When, secondary signal can show inverse change, and the value until being stabilized to a normal range (NR) confirms sunpender at this time, formal to alarm.
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| CN105423886B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-11-24 | 上海工程技术大学 | A kind of micro-displacement data collecting system discriminating direction unit |
| CN105865318A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-17 | 杭州和利时自动化有限公司 | Non-phase-sensitive digital demodulation system and method applied to LVDT displacement sensor |
| CN106370096B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-05-10 | 中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所 | The measuring circuit and its measurement method of LVDT |
| CN106647505A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 北京润科通用技术有限公司 | Signal processing system and method for RVDT |
| CN112014593B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2022-05-17 | 浙江德盛铁路器材股份有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring and evaluating quality condition of railway track basic equipment |
| CN112525536B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2023-04-14 | 中航通飞华南飞机工业有限公司 | Method and system for detecting alarm value setting of vibration acceleration monitoring system of large airplane |
| CN113074759A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 中国航发北京航科发动机控制系统科技有限公司 | Displacement measurement system based on LVDT sensor |
| CN117310444B (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2024-05-07 | 广州向成电子科技有限公司 | Fault state corresponding relation table manufacturing method, LC passive filter circuit fault detection method, detection equipment and storage medium |
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| US5777468A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-07-07 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Variable differential transformer system and method providing improved temperature stability and sensor fault detection apparatus |
| US7391202B2 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2008-06-24 | The Boeing Company | Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) system using an inductance of an LVDT primary as a micro-power excitation carrier frequency to lower a drive power |
| CN101373143B (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2010-08-25 | 上海微电子装备有限公司 | Method for detecting LVDT sensor signal |
| CN104597371A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-06 | 上海自动化仪表股份有限公司 | Line-breaking detection method for linear variable differential transformer |
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