CN105039897A - Metal surface laser bluing processing device and method - Google Patents

Metal surface laser bluing processing device and method Download PDF

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CN105039897A
CN105039897A CN201510378477.8A CN201510378477A CN105039897A CN 105039897 A CN105039897 A CN 105039897A CN 201510378477 A CN201510378477 A CN 201510378477A CN 105039897 A CN105039897 A CN 105039897A
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laser
bluing
workpiece
scattered light
blue
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CN105039897B (en
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吴涛涛
周孟莲
王立君
韦成华
吴立雄
朱永祥
蔡跃
王家伟
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Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a realtime monitoring metal surface laser bluing processing device and method. The device comprises a laser, a light beam shaping system, and a scattered light monitoring system. The laser beams generated by the laser are shaped and then evenly radiated on the whole surface of workpiece to be processed through the scattered light monitoring system. In the provided technology and device, the absorption and intervene effects on incident laser beams of the oxidation film formed by the bluing on the metal surface are used to monitor the bluing degree in real time, the bluing degree is converted into a realtime voltage signal by using the characteristic of high sensitivity of a photoelectric detector, the laser beam strength of the laser is controlled at the same time, thus the realtime monitored bluing processing on different metal surfaces is achieved, and the method has the characteristics of strong adaptability, convenient and simple operation, no environment pollution, and controllable process.

Description

一种金属表面激光发蓝处理装置及方法A metal surface laser bluing treatment device and method

技术领域technical field

本发明属于金属表面处理技术领域,涉及一种金属表面发蓝处理的装置和方法,尤其是一种利用激光对金属表面发蓝处理的装置和方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of metal surface treatment, and relates to a device and method for bluing metal surface treatment, in particular to a device and method for bluing metal surface treatment by using a laser.

背景技术Background technique

发蓝工艺是一种材料保护技术,其实质是钢铁等金属表面通过化学反应,主要是氧化反应,从而生成一种均匀致密、有一定厚度、附着力强、耐蚀性能好的蓝黑色氧化膜,起到美化、耐腐蚀和保护工件的作用。目前金属表面发蓝的主要工艺有:热碱发蓝、常温发蓝、石墨流态床发蓝、电阻加热发蓝、铅浴加热发蓝、电磁感应加热发蓝和含氧蒸汽发蓝。这些工艺主要存在的问题是,工件发蓝的程度很难实时监控,只能通过对完成发蓝处理后样品的测试评估,并调整发蓝溶液、时间等参数,以获得最佳的工艺参数,给实际生产加工带来不便,同时容易造成浪费和环境污染。The bluing process is a material protection technology. Its essence is that the surface of steel and other metals undergoes chemical reactions, mainly oxidation reactions, to form a blue-black oxide film that is uniform and dense, has a certain thickness, strong adhesion, and good corrosion resistance. , Play the role of beautification, corrosion resistance and protection of the workpiece. At present, the main processes of metal surface bluing are: hot alkali bluing, normal temperature bluing, graphite fluidized bed bluing, resistance heating bluing, lead bath heating bluing, electromagnetic induction heating bluing and oxygen-containing steam bluing. The main problem with these processes is that the degree of bluing of the workpiece is difficult to monitor in real time. Only by testing and evaluating the samples after bluing treatment, and adjusting parameters such as bluing solution and time, to obtain the best process parameters, Bring inconvenience to actual production and processing, cause waste and environmental pollution easily simultaneously.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于激光辐照的金属表面发蓝处理装置和方法,可通过对激光参数的实时监测,进而对发蓝处理过程进行实时控制,具有操作简单、处理过程可控等特点。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a metal surface bluing treatment device and method based on laser irradiation, which can control the bluing treatment process in real time through real-time monitoring of laser parameters, and has the advantages of simple operation and fast processing. controllable features.

本发明的解决技术方案为:The technical solution scheme of the present invention is:

一种金属表面激光发蓝处理装置,包括激光器、光束整形系统和散射光监测系统;激光器的出射光束经过光束整形系统匀化和整形后入射至待发蓝工件表面,散射光监测系统用于待发蓝工件表面的散射光强信号进行监测。A metal surface laser bluing treatment device, including a laser, a beam shaping system and a scattered light monitoring system; the outgoing beam of the laser is homogenized and shaped by the beam shaping system and then incident on the surface of a workpiece to be blued, and the scattered light monitoring system is used to The scattered light intensity signal on the surface of the bluish workpiece is monitored.

上述金属表面激光发蓝处理装置中,散射光监测系统包括积分球、光电探测器和信号记录仪,待发蓝工件设置在积分球的输出口位置,入射光束经积分球的输入口入射至待发蓝工件的表面,待发蓝工件表面的散射光经过积分球收集后,由在积分球上设置的光电探测器和后端的信号记录仪记录散射光的强度幅值信号。In the above-mentioned metal surface laser blueing processing device, the scattered light monitoring system includes an integrating sphere, a photoelectric detector and a signal recorder, the workpiece to be blued is set at the output port of the integrating On the surface of the bluing workpiece, after the scattered light on the surface of the workpiece to be blued is collected by the integrating sphere, the intensity amplitude signal of the scattered light is recorded by the photodetector set on the integrating sphere and the signal recorder at the back end.

上述金属表面激光发蓝处理装置中,光束整形系统包括扩束镜和限孔光阑。In the above metal surface laser bluing treatment device, the beam shaping system includes a beam expander and a limiting aperture diaphragm.

上述金属表面激光发蓝处理装置中,光束整形系统包括微透镜阵列和限孔光阑。In the above metal surface laser bluing treatment device, the beam shaping system includes a microlens array and an aperture-limiting diaphragm.

上述金属表面激光发蓝处理装置中,激光器为连续或重频脉冲激光器。In the above metal surface laser bluing treatment device, the laser is a continuous or repetitive pulse laser.

上述金属表面激光发蓝处理装置中,待发蓝工件表面为平面。In the above metal surface laser bluing treatment device, the surface of the workpiece to be blued is a plane.

上述金属表面激光发蓝处理装置中,激光均匀入射至待发蓝工件的整个表面。In the above-mentioned laser bluing treatment device for metal surface, the laser light is evenly incident on the entire surface of the workpiece to be blued.

上述金属表面激光发蓝处理装置中,待发蓝工件的材料为铁、镍、铝等常用金属材料以及碳钢等常用合金材料。In the above metal surface laser bluing treatment device, the material of the workpiece to be blued is common metal materials such as iron, nickel, aluminum and common alloy materials such as carbon steel.

一种金属表面发蓝的方法,包括以下步骤:A method for bluing metal surfaces, comprising the steps of:

[1]对待发蓝工件表面进行打磨抛光和清洁处理;[1] Grinding, polishing and cleaning the surface of the workpiece to be blued;

[2]激光对待发蓝工件表面进行加热,实现发蓝处理;[2] The laser heats the surface of the workpiece to be blued to realize the bluing treatment;

[3]散射光监测系统实时监测待发蓝工件表面的散射光信号,并与事先获取的金属表面散射光信号与工件表面发蓝程度的关系进行比较,实现对发蓝过程的监测;[3] The scattered light monitoring system monitors the scattered light signal on the surface of the workpiece to be blued in real time, and compares it with the relationship between the scattered light signal of the metal surface and the bluing degree of the workpiece surface obtained in advance, so as to realize the monitoring of the bluing process;

[4]根据监测的金属表面散射光信号控制激光器的开启和关闭,获得所需要的发蓝工件。[4] According to the monitored metal surface scattered light signal, the laser is turned on and off to obtain the required bluish workpiece.

本发明具有的有益效果如下:The beneficial effects that the present invention has are as follows:

1、本发明提出了一种基于激光辐照金属表面的发蓝处理工艺,利用激光辐照到铁、镍等金属表面,在空气中发生氧化反应,使得金属表面产生致密的氧化膜,实现金属表面的发蓝,达到美化、耐腐蚀和保护工件的目的。1. The present invention proposes a bluing treatment process based on laser irradiation on metal surfaces. Laser irradiation is used to irradiate metal surfaces such as iron and nickel, and an oxidation reaction occurs in the air, so that a dense oxide film is formed on the metal surface, and the metal surface is realized. The bluing of the surface achieves the purpose of beautification, corrosion resistance and protection of the workpiece.

2、本发明在发蓝处理中,通过实时监测激光的散射光信号随时间的变化,并与事先标定获取的散射光信号与发蓝程度的关系结果相比较,实现对工件的发蓝过程的实时监测,并随时开启或停止激光器,达到对发蓝过程的控制,具有环境污染小,能量利用率高等特点,尤其适用于批量试件的发蓝处理。2. In the bluing process of the present invention, by monitoring the change of the scattered light signal of the laser over time in real time, and comparing it with the result of the relationship between the scattered light signal and the degree of bluing acquired by calibration in advance, the bluing process of the workpiece is realized. Real-time monitoring, and start or stop the laser at any time, to achieve control of the bluing process, with the characteristics of low environmental pollution and high energy utilization, especially suitable for bluing treatment of batch test pieces.

3、本发明的发蓝处理可根据工件的材料、种类和尺寸改变激光器的参数来实现,比如激光扩束或聚焦、大功率或小功率、连续或重频脉冲等,具有较强的适应性。3. The bluing treatment of the present invention can be realized by changing the parameters of the laser according to the material, type and size of the workpiece, such as laser beam expansion or focusing, high power or low power, continuous or repeated frequency pulse, etc., which has strong adaptability .

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明可实时监控的金属表面激光发蓝处理装置示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a metal surface laser bluing treatment device capable of real-time monitoring of the present invention;

图2为金属工件在激光发蓝过程中散射光信号随时间变化规律;Figure 2 shows the time-varying law of the scattered light signal of the metal workpiece during the laser bluening process;

其中1—激光器;2—光束;3—光束整形系统;4—积分球;5—光电探测器;6—待发蓝工件;7—信号记录仪。Among them, 1—laser; 2—beam; 3—beam shaping system; 4—integrating sphere; 5—photoelectric detector; 6—workpiece to be emitted; 7—signal recorder.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面以给金属铁表面进行发蓝处理为例,介绍本发明的加工原理。Taking the metal iron surface as an example to carry out bluing treatment below, introduce the processing principle of the present invention.

如图1所示,激光器1输出的光束2经过光束整形系统3光束均匀化和整形后,通过积分球4的输入口入射至待发蓝工件6的表面,待发蓝工件6设置在积分球4的输出口位置,其表面的散射光经过积分球收集后,由在积分球4上设置的光电探测器5和后端的信号记录仪7记录散射光的强度幅值信号。光电探测器5的型号可根据激光束的实际功率和波长进行选取。As shown in Figure 1, after the beam 2 output by the laser 1 is homogenized and shaped by the beam shaping system 3, it is incident on the surface of the workpiece 6 to be blued through the input port of the integrating sphere 4, and the workpiece 6 to be blued is arranged on the integrating sphere 4, after the scattered light on its surface is collected by the integrating sphere, the intensity amplitude signal of the scattered light is recorded by the photodetector 5 arranged on the integrating sphere 4 and the signal recorder 7 at the rear end. The type of photodetector 5 can be selected according to the actual power and wavelength of the laser beam.

当具有一定功率密度的激光束可以快速加热金属铁表面,在空气环境中,被加热的铁表面能快速同空气中的氧气发生氧化反应,生成数层致密的氧化膜,也就是发蓝过程。When the laser beam with a certain power density can quickly heat the metal iron surface, in the air environment, the heated iron surface can quickly undergo oxidation reaction with the oxygen in the air to form several layers of dense oxide film, which is the bluing process.

对于金属铁而言,通过激光功率控制样品的表面温度,使其低于570℃,由铁-氧相图,氧化膜主要由外层的Fe2O3和内层的Fe3O4组成。其中Fe2O3对激光基本透明,对入射的激光产生干涉作用,Fe3O4则强烈吸收激光,随着氧化膜的增厚,样品对激光的散射光将呈现出周期性衰减的特征。这就说明不同的氧化膜厚对应特定的散射光强,如此即可直接测量散射光信号,实现对金属表面发蓝程度的监测。For metallic iron, the surface temperature of the sample is controlled by laser power to make it lower than 570°C. From the iron-oxygen phase diagram, the oxide film is mainly composed of Fe 2 O 3 in the outer layer and Fe 3 O 4 in the inner layer. Among them, Fe 2 O 3 is basically transparent to laser light and interferes with incident laser light, while Fe 3 O 4 strongly absorbs laser light. With the thickening of the oxide film, the scattered light of the sample to laser light will show the characteristics of periodic attenuation. This means that different oxide film thicknesses correspond to specific scattered light intensities, so that the scattered light signal can be directly measured to monitor the blueness of the metal surface.

为保证发蓝效果的均匀性,所用激光束必须整形为均匀的光斑,并且是激光光斑辐照于整个工件平面,以实现均匀加热。若工件尺寸较大,由于散热的影响,会导致工件表面温度不均匀,此时可通过重频激光加热的方式,并对工件整体温度加以控制,亦可实现表面的均匀发蓝处理。In order to ensure the uniformity of the bluing effect, the laser beam used must be shaped into a uniform spot, and the laser spot is irradiated on the entire workpiece plane to achieve uniform heating. If the size of the workpiece is large, due to the influence of heat dissipation, the surface temperature of the workpiece will be uneven. At this time, the method of repeated frequency laser heating can be used to control the overall temperature of the workpiece, and the uniform bluish treatment of the surface can also be achieved.

对于不同金属种类的工件,其表面处理温度、散射光变化规律和发蓝的程度之间的规律可能不同,需要事先对其进行标定测量,并将散射光信号同氧化膜厚之间建立关系,即可实现不同金属工件表面的激光发蓝处理和发蓝程度的监测。For workpieces of different metal types, the surface treatment temperature, the change law of scattered light and the degree of bluishness may be different. It is necessary to calibrate and measure them in advance, and establish a relationship between the scattered light signal and the thickness of the oxide film. The laser bluing treatment and the monitoring of the bluing degree on the surface of different metal workpieces can be realized.

图2给出了金属铁平板试件在发蓝过程中的散热光强度随时间的变化规律。本发明事先获取了图2中A、B、C、D、E、F多个阶段中铁试件发蓝过程的金属表面发蓝照片,并实际测量得到了多个阶段中氧化膜厚度、表面色泽等参数,建立了金属发蓝程度和表面散射光信号之间的关系。在后续的实际处理中,只需要根据实时测量得到的表面散射光信号,对激光的加载功率和时间进行调整,达到对整个发蓝过程实时监测和控制的目的。Figure 2 shows the variation law of the heat dissipation light intensity with time during the bluing process of the metal iron plate specimen. The present invention has previously obtained the metal surface bluing photos of the iron test pieces in multiple stages A, B, C, D, E, and F in Fig. 2, and obtained the oxide film thickness and surface color in multiple stages through actual measurement. and other parameters, the relationship between the degree of metal bluishness and the surface scattered light signal was established. In the subsequent actual processing, it is only necessary to adjust the loading power and time of the laser according to the surface scattered light signal obtained by real-time measurement, so as to achieve the purpose of real-time monitoring and control of the entire blueing process.

本发明提出了一种可实时监控的金属表面激光发蓝处理方法和装置,包括以下步骤:The present invention proposes a metal surface laser bluing treatment method and device capable of real-time monitoring, comprising the following steps:

一种金属表面发蓝的方法,包括以下步骤:A method for bluing metal surfaces, comprising the steps of:

[1]对待发蓝工件表面进行打磨抛光和清洁处理;[1] Grinding, polishing and cleaning the surface of the workpiece to be blued;

[2]激光对待发蓝工件表面进行加热,实现发蓝处理;[2] The laser heats the surface of the workpiece to be blued to realize the bluing treatment;

[3]散射光监测系统实时监测待发蓝工件表面的散射光信号,并与事先获取的金属表面散射光信号与工件表面发蓝程度的关系进行比较,实现对发蓝过程的监测;[3] The scattered light monitoring system monitors the scattered light signal on the surface of the workpiece to be blued in real time, and compares it with the relationship between the scattered light signal of the metal surface and the bluing degree of the workpiece surface obtained in advance, so as to realize the monitoring of the bluing process;

[4]根据监测的金属表面散射光信号控制激光器的开启和关闭,获得所需要的发蓝工件。[4] According to the monitored metal surface scattered light signal, the laser is turned on and off to obtain the required bluish workpiece.

这样通过测量光电探测器信号来开启或停止激光,实现工件表面发蓝的实时监控。In this way, the laser is turned on or off by measuring the signal of the photodetector to realize real-time monitoring of the bluishness of the workpiece surface.

下面给出本发明装置用于金属铁表面发蓝处理和监控的实验结果,如图1所示激光器1产生功率为5W,波长1064nm的高斯光束,通过光束整形系统的匀化,扩束后再由光阑限制成形状为11mm×11mm的均匀光斑,功率密度为2W/cm2。所用金属铁工件尺寸为10mm×10mm,厚度0.4mm。将工件置于积分球出光口处,再用整形好的均匀光斑辐照工件表面。用InGaAs探测器检测金属表面的散射光,可获得如图2所示的金属铁表面发蓝过程中散射光信号的变化规律,通过与事前标定获取的散热光与发蓝程度的关系,可对工件铁表面的发蓝程度进行监测和控制。Provide the experimental result that the device of the present invention is used for the bluish treatment and monitoring of metal iron surface below, as shown in Figure 1, laser 1 produces power and is 5W, the Gaussian beam of wavelength 1064nm, through the homogenization of beam shaping system, after beam expansion Confined by an aperture to form a uniform light spot with a shape of 11mm×11mm, the power density is 2W/cm 2 . The size of the metal iron workpiece used is 10mm×10mm, and the thickness is 0.4mm. Place the workpiece at the light outlet of the integrating sphere, and then irradiate the surface of the workpiece with a shaped uniform spot. Using an InGaAs detector to detect the scattered light on the metal surface, the change law of the scattered light signal during the blueing process of the metal iron surface can be obtained as shown in Figure 2. Through the relationship between the heat dissipation light and the blueing degree obtained by calibration in advance, the Monitor and control the bluing degree of the iron surface of the workpiece.

本发明的工艺装置可满足不同材料和尺寸的金属工件表面发蓝处理和监控,适用范围广,无环境污染,为金属表面发蓝工艺提供了一种新的技术手段。本发明的装置和方法可用铁、镍、铝等常用金属材料以及碳钢等常用合金材料表面发蓝处理。此外,本发明装置的散射光监测系统也可应用于其它发蓝工艺中工件发蓝效果的监测。The process device of the present invention can meet the requirements for the surface bluing treatment and monitoring of metal workpieces of different materials and sizes, has a wide application range, has no environmental pollution, and provides a new technical means for the metal surface bluing process. The device and method of the present invention can be used for surface bluing treatment of common metal materials such as iron, nickel, aluminum and common alloy materials such as carbon steel. In addition, the scattered light monitoring system of the device of the present invention can also be applied to the monitoring of the bluing effect of workpieces in other bluing processes.

Claims (9)

1. a metal surface laser bluing treating device, is characterized in that: comprise laser apparatus (1), beam shaping system (3) and scattered light Monitoring systems; The outgoing beam (2) of described laser apparatus (1) is incident to workpiece to be turned blue (6) surface after (3) homogenize of beam shaping system and shaping, the scattered light intensity signal that scattered light Monitoring systems is used for workpiece to be turned blue (6) surface is monitored, and compare with the turn blue relation of degree of the metallic surface scattered light signal obtained in advance and workpiece surface, realize the control to laser apparatus (1) irradiation time.
2. metal surface laser bluing treating device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described scattered light Monitoring systems comprises integrating sphere (4), photodetector (5) and signal recorder (7), described workpiece to be turned blue (6) is arranged on the delivery port position of integrating sphere (4), described incoming beam (2) is incident to the surface of workpiece to be turned blue (6) through the input aperture of integrating sphere (4), wait the workpiece that turns blue (6) surface scattered light through integrating sphere (4) collect after, by the strength signal recording scattered light at the photodetector (5) of the upper setting of integrating sphere (4) and the signal recorder (7) of rear end.
3. metal surface laser bluing treating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the diaphragm that described beam shaping system (3) comprises beam expanding lens and arranges thereafter.
4. metal surface laser bluing treating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the diaphragm that described beam shaping system (3) comprises microlens array and arranges thereafter.
5. metal surface laser bluing treating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described laser apparatus is continuous or recurrent frequency pulse laser device.
6. metal surface laser bluing treating device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described workpiece to be turned blue (6) surface is plane.
7. metal surface laser bluing treating device according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described laser is evenly incident to the whole surface of workpiece to be turned blue (6).
8. metal surface laser bluing treating device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the material of described workpiece to be turned blue (6) is iron, nickel, aluminium or carbon steel alloy.
9. utilize the metal surface laser bluing treating device described in claim 1 or 2 to carry out a method of turning blue metallic surface, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
[1] treat the workpiece surface that turns blue and carry out sanding and polishing and clean;
[2] laser is treated the workpiece surface that turns blue and is heated, and realizes turning blue process;
[3] scattered light signal of scattered light Monitoring systems Real-Time Monitoring workpiece surface to be turned blue, and compare with the turn blue relation of degree of the metallic surface scattered light signal obtained in advance and workpiece surface, realize the monitoring to the process of turning blue;
[4] opening and closing of laser apparatus are controlled according to the metallic surface scattered light signal of monitoring, the workpiece that turns blue required for acquisition.
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