CN105025578A - Method for utilizing television frequency band white space spectrums in Internet of vehicles - Google Patents

Method for utilizing television frequency band white space spectrums in Internet of vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105025578A
CN105025578A CN201510407877.7A CN201510407877A CN105025578A CN 105025578 A CN105025578 A CN 105025578A CN 201510407877 A CN201510407877 A CN 201510407877A CN 105025578 A CN105025578 A CN 105025578A
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car
channel
frequency
resource
blank
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陈嘉成
刘勃
归琳
熊箭
潘成磊
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/53—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on regulatory allocation policies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for utilizing television frequency band white space spectrums in the Internet of vehicles, and utilizes the television frequency band white space spectrums to provide spectrum resource allocation of an Internet data transmission service for vehicles. The method includes resource modeling based on a spectrum geography database and resource allocation with maximized handling capacity, resource modeling based on the spectrum geography database specifically represents variation characteristics of resources in the form of space-frequency resource blocks, guaranteeing feasibility of resource allocation, resource allocation with maximized throughput allocates a subchannel to vehicles in a usable range of the subchannel according to a fixed time period through time domain and frequency domain division, and the objective of maximizing network throughput is guaranteed at the same time.

Description

A kind of method utilizing TV band blank frequency spectrum in car networking
Technical field:
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology field, specifically a kind of have the car of car internet base station support network in utilize TV band blank frequency spectrum resource to carry out the method for data communication.
Background technology:
Car networking is a kind of at wireless network mode emerging in recent years.As its name suggests, the automobile that its object is to as being equipped with wireless transport module provides data communication services.Generally speaking, car networking can be divided into has the support of car internet base station and supports this two type without car internet base station.The former can by the communication between car internet base station and car for user vehicle provides Internet data service at a high speed (such as: file download, video flowing etc.), the function class of the base station in the function of car internet base station here and Cellular Networks or the access point in WLAN (wireless local area network) seemingly, namely as gateway, one side is connected to the Internet by cable network, and another side connects terminal use by wireless network.The communication that the latter can realize between the car of any time optional position and car with the form of self-organizing network, but owing to not possessing the ability be connected with internet, therefore the diffusion (such as: traffic accident, traffic congestion etc.) that some apply relevant local information to traffic safety is generally used for.
Current, there is several potential mode realizing car connected network communication.One is by Cellular Networks, especially 4G network, realizes the access of car.But this mode can make the experience of natively crowded Cellular Networks worsen further.Two is by existing WLAN (wireless local area network), i.e. WiFi correlation technique.But, the important feature that car is networked is that the translational speed of user's (car) is very fast, when adopting the user rs authentication of WiFi, connection and media to get involved control protocol, the waste of the data transmission period of a large amount of preciousnesses can be caused, network effective throughput is declined.In addition, the frequency range of WiFi work is positioned at 2.4GHz and 5GHz, and its high-frequency can cause network coverage little, and its common features more can cause the jam situation more serious than Cellular Networks.Three is to be networked exclusive frequency range by car.In the U.S., Federal Communications Committee FCC is the special frequency range that car networking service has divided 75MHz, also known as Dedicated Short Range Communications frequency range.But this frequency range is positioned at 5.9GHz place, therefore still there is the little problem of coverage.Moreover its each channel bandwidth is only 10MHz, is therefore more suitable for the transmission being used as control channel and some security-related short and small information, and is not suitable for the transmission of Large Copacity Intemet data traffic.In sum, car networking, as a new growth point of Future Internet business, needs to possess larger network capacity and stronger data transmission capabilities.
TV band blank frequency spectrum refers to the frequency spectrum cavity-pocket existed in the frequency range used at existing ground digital television broadcast, and namely in some position and some time, some frequencies are not used.Along with the development of cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access technology, it is the recycling that scientific research institution or government bodies all more and more pay attention to the frequency spectrum resource of this part preciousness.Show through measuring, blank frequency spectrum generally has the bandwidth of tens to MHz up to a hundred, and it is positioned at very high frequency(VHF) and the ultrahigh frequency band of tens to hundreds of MHz, has outstanding covering and penetration capacity.Generally speaking, by the mode of secondary access, the blank frequency spectrum recycling when not disturbing primary user (i.e. digital cable customers) can be realized.In the developed country such as the U.S., Britain, government has opened the secondary access right of TV band blank frequency spectrum, and China also will put into effect same policy within the coming years.
Although TV band blank frequency spectrum may be used for the transmission of any wireless traffic, this part frequency resource is used for car networking service more suitable.As from the foregoing, this resource of frequency range is abundant and coverage is large, does not therefore have the shortcoming of above-mentioned potential implementation.But variation characteristic can be exaggerated under the high-speed mobile scene of car during TV band blank frequency spectrum resource empty, therefore for the Resourse Distribute of network brings challenges.In traditional resource allocation methods, resource is all static constant, and in general dynamic spectrum access scene, the mobility of user is generally little, namely only considers the time-varying characteristics of resource, therefore, needs new resource allocation methods in car networking.In paper " Interplay Between TVWS and DSRC:Optimal Strategy forSafetyMessage Dissemination in VANET ", author's proposition TV band blank frequency spectrum supplies proprietary frequency range, thus ensures the diffusion of information that safety is relevant.But author only considered the transmission of less information, and there is the communication of car internet base station mainly through the communication between car and car.In paper " Modeling and analysisof dsa-based vehicle-to-infrastructurecommunication systems ", author utilizes queueing theory to come to access modeling to the opportunistic of car, but its result is mainly considered from time delay angle, does not design for network throughput.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to and how utilize this problem of TV band blank frequency spectrum efficiently in car networking scenario, provide a kind of with the maximum resource allocation methods turning to target of network throughput.The high-speed mobile characteristic of variation characteristic and car when the method considers resource empty, resource is characterized by the method for frequency spectrum geographical data bank, then its car that can serve is given according to certain time interval by blank frequency spectrum Resourse Distribute, and the target that As soon as possible Promising Policy aggregate network throughput is maximum.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The invention provides a kind of under highway scene (i.e. linear topology), by the car internet base station of similar base station, utilize TV band blank frequency spectrum to provide the frequency spectrum resource allocation method of Internet data transmission business for car, comprise two parts: based on Resource Modeling and the throughput-maximized Resourse Distribute of frequency spectrum geographical data bank.The former by the variation characteristic embodiments of resource out, and presents with the form of empty-frequency Resource Block, ensure that the feasibility of Resourse Distribute.Sub-channel, by the division in time domain and frequency domain, is given the car in its usable range by cycle regular time by the latter, ensures the maximized target of network throughput simultaneously.Specifically comprise the steps:
The first step, based on the Resource Modeling of frequency spectrum geographical data bank, specific as follows:
11) car internet base station obtains the blank channel information in its coverage;
12) usable range of blank channel information is calculated:
13) calculate the data can transmitted car present position, unit is bit, and formula is as follows:
Ψ x V v = Δ x Δ W v log 2 ( 1 + P t P L ( | x V - x R S U | ) P N )
Wherein v represents the speed of car, and Δ x and Δ W represents the size of Resource Block in Distance geometry frequency surely, P trepresent transmitting power, P nrepresent noise power, P lrepresent electromagnetic wave propagation loss;
Second step, carries out throughput-maximized Resourse Distribute, specific as follows:
24) the bipartite graph G (F, V, E) of car and blank channel is set up, wherein, F represents the set of all blank channels, and V represents the set of all cars, E represents the set on the limit of bipartite graph, and every bar limit represents that certain car is within the usable range of certain blank channel;
25) the income u on every bar limit is calculated, the data that the car that namely income on certain limit is expressed as its correspondence uses corresponding channel to transmit;
26) according to G (F, V, E) draw final frequency resource allocation result G ' (F ', V ', E '), wherein F ', V ', E ' is respectively F, the subset of V, E, the channel be assigned with in F ' expression actual allocated result, obtain the car of resource in V ' expression actual allocated result, the every bar limit in E ' represents a little for certain in the channel of correspondence channel allocation to corresponding car.
Described step 23) specifically comprise the following steps:
I all channels arrange according to the order that usable range is ascending by ().
(ii) all cars are arranged according to the order that income is descending, namely select maximum in bipartite graph G from the income u on all limits be adjacent, as the income of this car, then all cars are arranged according to the order that income is descending;
(iii) distribution of channel and sub-frequency is carried out:
First, from the car set after sequence, select a car in order at every turn;
Then, from the channel set after sequence, check each channel in order: if this channel can be used by this car and the sub-frequency of this channel has not been assigned with, then the sub-parallel compensate needed by this car gives it; If the sub-frequency that this car needs is more than the remaining sub-frequency number of current channel, then first give this car the sub-parallel compensate of all residues of current channel, then according to this car residue unsatisfied demand, check the next channel in channel set, and according to flow process before for this car divides gamete frequency; Otherwise, if the sub-frequency of this channel can meet this car, then start the distribution carrying out next car;
After all cars all complete above-mentioned assigning process, distribute and stop.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention be following some:
1. present invention achieves efficiency utilization TV band blank frequency spectrum resource in car networking, interference can't be produced to primary TV user.By the Resource Modeling based on frequency spectrum geographical data bank, define with empty-Resource Block resource division that is base unit frequently, variation characteristic when Resource Allocation in Networks being more prone to and can overcoming resource empty, thus possesses feasibility.
2. the car that contemplated by the invention diverse location has the characteristic of different transmission rates, and resource allocation result wherein can be similar to and reach network throughput maximization, and realizes assigning process by the heuritic approach of low complex degree, has stronger practicality.
3. the result that resource allocation methods according to the present invention draws possesses medium-term and long-term Throughput fairness, ensure that the Che Douhui within car internet base station coverage obtains close transmitted data amount.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1. based on the Resource Modeling schematic diagram of frequency spectrum geographical data bank, wherein, Fig. 1 a is blank channel usable range; Fig. 1 b is the division of empty-frequency Resource Block.
Fig. 2. blank channel Resourse Distribute schematic diagram.
Fig. 3. Resourse Distribute flow chart.
Fig. 4. embodiment allocation result.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be described in detail.The present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed execution mode and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
The first step, based on the Resource Modeling of frequency spectrum geographical data bank, specific as follows:
Resourse Distribute is that least unit is carried out with assignment period.Before each resource allocation cycle, car internet base station communicates with the server of frequency spectrum geographical data bank, to obtain the blank channel information in its coverage.The frequency spectrum geographical database purchase available blank television channel information in each geographical position, current have a lot of company all to set up this database, such as: Google, Microsoft etc.
After acquisition information, intersection operation is carried out by the section usable range of each blank channel and car internet base station covered, base station just can utilize obtained " band " to be showed by the usable range that all blank channels cover section at it, as shown in Figure 1a.Distance car internet base station is far away, signal attenuation stronger, and the signal to noise ratio of the signal of car reception is lower, and the speed that can transmit is lower, as shown in the transmission rate curve in Fig. 1 b.
In specific implementation, generally rate variation is carried out sliding-model control, thus form multiple discretization speed, corresponding different signal to noise ratios is interval, namely different from base station distance on highway multiple intervals.Therefore, each " band " can be subdivided into again sky-frequency Resource Block one by one, as shown in Figure 1 b, whole k-path partition is become segment one by one by space (transverse axis) in units of Δ x, a channel is divided into multiple sub-frequency with the width of Δ W Hz by frequency (longitudinal axis), so just generates the sky-frequency Resource Block being of a size of Δ x* Δ W.Each Resource Block represents that the data that car transmits by this Resource Block in its present position, unit are bit, and concrete account form is drawn by following formula:
Ψ x V i v = Δ x Δ W v log 2 ( 1 + P t P L ( | x V i - x R S U | , f ) P N ) - - - ( 1 )
Wherein v represents the speed of car, and f represents the frequency of the channel residing for Resource Block, and Δ x and Δ W represents the size of Resource Block in Distance geometry frequency, P trepresent base station transmitting power, P nrepresent noise power, P lrepresent electromagnetic wave propagation loss, with distance dependent (the i.e. position of car of frequency and car and car internet base station with base station location x rSUdifference), specifically can be drawn by some existing path loss models.
Second step, throughput-maximized Resourse Distribute, specific as follows:
1) according to the result of the first step, the bipartite graph G (F, V, E) of car and channel is set up, as shown in Fig. 2 upper part.Wherein, F represents the set of all channels, each channel node of on the upside of bipartite graph represents, V represents the set of all cars, a node on the downside of each automobile-used bipartite graph represents, E represents the set on the limit of bipartite graph, and every bar limit represents that certain car can use certain channel in current assignment period, and namely the current location of this car is in " band " of this channel.
2) the income u on every bar limit is calculated.Because frequency resource allocation turns to target so that network throughput is maximum, u can be expressed as the data that car corresponding to certain limit uses the Resource Block of corresponding channel to transmit.If two of certain limit summits are car V respectively iwith frequency f j, by the position of car speed v, frequency f jsubstitute into formula (1) above and can obtain the income u on this limit.
3) on the basis of above-mentioned bipartite graph, draw final frequency resource allocation result G ' (F ', V ', E '), wherein F ', V ', E ' be respectively F, V, the subset of E, as shown in Fig. 2 lower part, the every bar limit in E ' represents that the number of the sub-channel be assigned with represents with c by a little for certain in the channel of correspondence channel allocation to corresponding car.Distribution can be realized, require that same channel allocation is no more than its sub-channel number had to the number of sub-channels summation of different car.Meanwhile, the process of distribution turns to target so that network throughput is maximum, namely maximizes all income u on limit in set E ' and the summation of the product of number of sub-channels c.Concrete resource allocation process is as follows:
I all channels arrange according to the order that usable range is ascending by (), i.e. " band " order from short to long.
(ii) all cars are arranged according to the order that income is descending, specific as follows: first for each car, select maximum in bipartite graph G from the income u on all limits be adjacent, as the income of this car, then all cars are arranged according to the order that income is descending.
(iii) distribution of channel and sub-frequency is carried out.Wherein, Fs represents the number of sub-channels that each channel comprises.V and F represents the car after according to first two steps sequence and channel set.Ri represents the data volume size of i-th car demand.The concrete method of salary distribution is as follows: from the set of the car after sequence, select a car in order at every turn.Then from the channel set after sequence, each channel is checked in order.If this channel can be used by this car and the sub-frequency of this channel has not been assigned with, then the sub-parallel compensate needed by this car gives it.If the sub-frequency that this car needs is more than the remaining sub-frequency number of current channel, then first give this car the sub-parallel compensate of all residues of current channel, then according to this car residue unsatisfied demand, check the next channel in channel set, and according to flow process before for this car divides gamete frequency; Otherwise, if the sub-frequency of this channel can meet this car, then start the distribution carrying out next car.After all cars all complete above-mentioned assigning process, distribute and stop.
Embodiment
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
The first step, based on the Resource Modeling of frequency spectrum geographical data bank, specific as follows: in the present embodiment, do following setting: the coverage of car internet base station is 4000m, and base station is positioned at 2000m place.Its blank channel resource has 3, is respectively 509MHz, 575MHz and 635MHz, and usable range is respectively [500,3500], [1000,3000], [1500,2500].Each channel available bandwidth is 5.33MHz, comprise 35 sub-channels (namely sub-channel size is 5.33/35MHz), space granularity is set to 1m, and the siding-to-siding block length of different rates is set to 500m, and the minimum value of the signal to noise ratio in each interval in interval represents.Have 6 cars, current location lays respectively at 800,1200,1600,2400,2800,3200, and demand data is respectively 10,20,30,30,20,10, and unit is Mbit, and speed is 60km/h.By above-mentioned setting, substitute into formula (1) each car data bit size of using the Resource Block of each channel to transmit.
Second step, throughput-maximized Resourse Distribute, specific as follows: assignment period is set to 1 second.In current period, according to the position of above-mentioned blank channel usable range and current vehicle, draw the situation of each car available channel, and the income u on every bar limit is drawn according to the data bit size result that each car of the first step uses the Resource Block of each channel to transmit, then the maximum income obtaining car is selected in the income u of its available channel to each car, the bipartite graph result that above step obtains is as shown in the figure above Fig. 4, limit wherein represents that certain car can use certain channel, numeral below car is the income of car, and unit is Kbit.Then Resourse Distribute is carried out according to following steps:
I all channels arrange according to the order that usable range is ascending by ().
(ii) all cars are arranged according to the order that income is descending.
(iii) carry out the distribution of channel and sub-frequency according to the flow process shown in Fig. 3, final result is as shown in the figure below Fig. 4, and every bar limit represents and gives certain car by one of this channel a little channel allocation, and the number of sub-channels of distribution is marked on limit.Under current setting, first car there is no enough resources to complete its demand, and the 6th car there is no any resource.

Claims (4)

1. in car networking, utilize a method for TV band blank frequency spectrum, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
The first step, based on the Resource Modeling of frequency spectrum geographical data bank, specific as follows:
11) car internet base station obtains the blank channel information in its coverage;
12) usable range of blank channel information is calculated:
13) calculate the data can transmitted car present position, unit is bit, and formula is as follows:
Wherein v represents the speed of car, and Δ x and Δ W represents the size of Resource Block in Distance geometry frequency surely, P trepresent transmitting power, P nrepresent noise power, P lrepresent electromagnetic wave propagation loss;
Second step, carries out throughput-maximized Resourse Distribute, specific as follows:
21) the bipartite graph G (F, V, E) of car and blank channel is set up, wherein, F represents the set of all blank channels, and V represents the set of all cars, E represents the set on the limit of bipartite graph, and every bar limit represents that certain car is within the usable range of certain blank channel;
22) the income u on every bar limit is calculated, the data that the car that namely income on certain limit is expressed as its correspondence uses corresponding channel to transmit;
23) according to G (F, V, E) draw final frequency resource allocation result G ' (F ', V ', E '), wherein F ', V ', E ' is respectively F, the subset of V, E, the channel be assigned with in F ' expression actual allocated result, obtain the car of resource in V ' expression actual allocated result, the every bar limit in E ' represents a little for certain in the channel of correspondence channel allocation to corresponding car.
2. the method utilizing TV band blank frequency spectrum in car networking according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 23) specifically comprise the following steps:
I all channels arrange according to the order that usable range is ascending by ().
(ii) all cars are arranged according to the order that income is descending, namely select maximum in bipartite graph G from the income u on all limits be adjacent, as the income of this car, then all cars are arranged according to the order that income is descending;
(iii) distribution of channel and sub-frequency is carried out:
First, from the car set after sequence, select a car in order at every turn;
Then, from the channel set after sequence, check each channel in order: if this channel can be used by this car and the sub-frequency of this channel has not been assigned with, then the sub-parallel compensate needed by this car gives it; If the sub-frequency that this car needs is more than the remaining sub-frequency number of current channel, then first give this car the sub-parallel compensate of all residues of current channel, then according to this car residue unsatisfied demand, check the next channel in channel set, and according to flow process before for this car divides gamete frequency; Otherwise, if the sub-frequency of this channel can meet this car, then start the distribution carrying out next car;
After all cars all complete above-mentioned assigning process, distribute and stop.
3. the method utilizing TV band blank frequency spectrum in car networking according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described first step, adopt the mode of empty-frequency Resource Block to characterize the information of frequency spectrum geographical data bank in car internet base station coverage, make the resource for high dynamic subscriber's allocation space change become feasible.
4. the method utilizing TV band blank frequency spectrum in car networking according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described second step, blank channel is sorted according to its usable range is ascending, car is sorted according to income is descending, then carry out Resourse Distribute, network throughput is similar to and reaches maximization.
CN201510407877.7A 2015-07-13 2015-07-13 Method for utilizing television frequency band white space spectrums in Internet of vehicles Pending CN105025578A (en)

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CN113423087A (en) * 2021-06-17 2021-09-21 天津大学 Wireless resource allocation method facing vehicle queue control requirement

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105792227A (en) * 2016-05-04 2016-07-20 上海交通大学 Method for realizing coexistence of broadcast uplink network and other cognitive radio networks
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CN113423087A (en) * 2021-06-17 2021-09-21 天津大学 Wireless resource allocation method facing vehicle queue control requirement

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