CN105023626A - Magnetic-separation electronic nuclear battery - Google Patents
Magnetic-separation electronic nuclear battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105023626A CN105023626A CN201510489999.5A CN201510489999A CN105023626A CN 105023626 A CN105023626 A CN 105023626A CN 201510489999 A CN201510489999 A CN 201510489999A CN 105023626 A CN105023626 A CN 105023626A
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Abstract
The invention, which belongs to the technical field of the nuclear energy utilization, discloses a magnetic-separation electronic nuclear battery. According to the principle of the nuclear battery, alpha or beta sources (4) emit alpha particles or beta particles that are injected into metal plates (3); and the metal plates are ionized to obtain free electrons and positive ions under the effect of the alpha particles or beta particles. A strong magnetic field formed by two strong magnets (5) is formed near the metal plates; and the free electrons in the metal plates (3) are deflected out of the metal plates in the magnetic field to make circular motion and then are injected into a metal plate (1). The metal plates (3) and the metal plate (1) are separated by hollow cylindrical insulation layers (2), so that the free electrons and the positive ions are not be recombined; charges in the metal plates (3) and the metal plate (1) are led out by metal leads; and an external load is connected to form stable direct currents. When multiple structures are placed on one metal plate, the electric charge quantity generated in unit time can be multiplied. The nuclear battery can be designed to have different dimensions according to specific needs, thereby satisfying different demands.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear energy utilization technology field, is cell apparatus radioactivity energy being converted into electric energy.
Technical background
Radioisotope battery (or claiming nuclear battery) is the battery utilizing the energy of radioactive isotope release when decaying and prepare.Radiation energy can be able to be used in many different fields such as industry, agricultural and medical services, and application has been started in the such as field such as pacemaker, space probe, nuclear battery because of its have that working stability, environment-adapting ability are strong, long service life, energy density greatly, the advantage such as battery volume relatively of the same type is little, the electric power support high, reliable and stable relative to other types battery energy density can be provided uninterruptedly under complex environment, therefore in MEMS (micro electro mechanical system), dark space probation, extreme earth environment research, have huge application prospect.
The kind of current nuclear battery mainly contains thermoelectric nuclear battery, photovoltaic effect nuclear battery, capacitive nuclear battery, β volta effect nuclear battery etc., thermoelectric nuclear battery is that the temperature difference utilizing radioactive source thermal effect to cause generates electricity, be usually used in space probe, spaceship, thermoelectric nuclear battery power is larger, but required radioactive source activity is very large, and conversion efficiency is lower.Photovoltaic effect nuclear battery utilizes radioactive source to send radioactive particle and plays luminescence on the fluorescent substance, and utilize the photovoltaic effect generation current of photon and material, because through two times transfer, therefore efficiency is very low.Capacitive nuclear battery is directly collected on pole plate by the charged particle that radioactive source is released, and being formed can the capacitor of discharge and recharge, and voltage can be accomplished very high by this nuclear battery, but it is less to collect electric charge, and thus electric current is less.β volta effect nuclear battery utilizes β particle energy to form electron hole pair in semiconductor PN district, electron hole pair under built in field electron stream to N district, hole flows to P district, form electric current, β volta effect nuclear battery generation current is larger, capacity usage ratio is higher, but causes lens lesion that efficiency is declined as the easy raying of semiconductor of transducer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the utilization ratio improving nuclear battery, and overcome the defect of above-mentioned nuclear battery, while raising nuclear battery size of current, simplification transducer architecture overcomes the efficiency decline that radiation damage causes, radioactivity energy is converted into electric energy, removes the low conversion efficiency that energy secondary conversion is caused from.
Ray particle ionized metal plate is utilized to produce a large amount of electronic secondary for realizing above-mentioned target the present invention, electronic deflection is gone out sheet metal and collects by recycling magnetic field, concrete physical process is that α particle is launched in α source or β source (4) or β particle injects sheet metal (3), α particle or β particle make sheet metal ionize out free electron and positive ion, a high-intensity magnetic field [i.e. two strong magnets (5)] is added in sheet metal both sides, free electron in sheet metal (3) is deflected out sheet metal and circles and outwards finally inject sheet metal (1) in magnetic field, isolate with hollow cylinder insulation course (2) between sheet metal (3) and sheet metal (1), make free electron and positive ion can not compound, electronics is collected by the electrode (6) be connected with sheet metal (1), positive ion is transported to sheet metal (11) by the sheet metal (3) with each charge collecting elements by plain conductor (9), exported by electrode (10).Nuclear battery shell (7) is insulation screen, and protection inner structure also shields radioactive source radiation and radioactive source beats the secondary radiation on battery structure.
Described αsource is americium-241, plutonium-239, uranium-238 or curium-244, and radiator beta-ray is carbon-14, Strontium-90, nickel-63, thallium-204 or promethium-147.
Described sheet metal (1) (3) are aluminium sheet or copper coin, and plain conductor (9) is aluminum steel or copper cash.
Described hollow cylinder insulation course (2) material is organic glass, paper film or pottery etc.
Described insulation screen (7) for heavy metal or doping heavy metal high molecule plastic.
Described strong magnet (5) is ndfeb magnet.
The described charge collecting elements be made up of sheet metal (1), hollow cylinder insulation course (2), sheet metal (3), radioactive source (4), kicker magnet (5) can increase and decrease quantity, according to the actual requirements to reach the requirement under different application scene.
Theoretical energy utilization factor of the present invention is higher than capacitive nuclear battery, substantially increasing charge-trapping amount makes electric current increase, transducer architecture is simple simultaneously, avoid because semicoductor radiating damage causes efficiency to decline, and transducing unit can be increased and decreased flexibly according to design requirement, be conducive to nuclear battery miniaturization, be a kind of new radioactive source Energy harvesting thinking, there is good investigation and application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 .1 is schematic top plan view of the present invention, and Fig. 1 .2 is schematic side view of the present invention, and Fig. 1 .3 is schematic perspective view of the present invention; Fig. 2 .1 is charge collecting elements schematic top plan view of the present invention, and Fig. 2 .2 is charge collecting elements schematic side view of the present invention.
1-electron collection sheet metal, 2-hollow cylinder insulation course, 3-positive ion and ray particle collect sheet metal, 4-α or radiator beta-ray, 5-kicker magnet, 6-electronic collection electrode, 7-battery case (insulation screen), 8-vacuum layer, 9-positive charge collects wire, 10-positive electrode, 11-positive charge collects sheet metal.
Technical scheme
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described
Embodiment 1
Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery is as Fig. 1 .1, Fig. 1 .2, shown in Fig. 1 .3, radioactive source (4) is oblate cylindricality, upper and lower two pieces of center surfaces being embedded in cylindrical metal plate (3), sheet metal (3) completely cuts off with hollow cylinder insulation course (2) outward, this structure and sheet metal (1) form a charge collecting elements, multiple this structure is embedded in sheet metal (1) and forms charge-trapping array, a strong magnet (5) is respectively placed in sheet metal (1) both sides, metal electrode (6) connection metal plate (1) forms negative electrode, plain conductor (9) is drawn separately in each sheet metal (3), other end connection metal plate (11) of plain conductor (9), sheet metal (11) is settled metal electrode (10) as positive electricity electrode.Inside battery wraps up by battery case (7), and be sheet metal (1), strong magnet (5), sheet metal (11) and electrode (6), (10) support fixing.
Radioactive source (4) is launched radioactive particle and is beaten surperficial at sheet metal (3), the free electron that the electron ionization in metallic atom is become to have certain kinetic energy by ionization is there is in metal surface, and produce a large amount of X ray and gamma-rays, X ray and gamma-rays are beaten, on metal, double ionization are occurred, photoelectric effect, electron pair is corresponding, the reactions such as Compton effect, a large amount of positive ion and free electron is produced again in this process, the free electron natively existed in metal also has part and obtains the kinetic energy that ray particle or secondary radiation bring, be subject to deflection in the high-intensity magnetic field that sheet metal (3) surface is formed at strong magnet (5) with the free electron of certain kinetic energy and leave sheet metal (3), the free electron sheet metal (3) that flies out of major part deflection squeezes into sheet metal (1), hollow cylinder insulation course (2) is had to intercept between sheet metal (1) and (3), make the electronics squeezing into sheet metal (1) can not with the positive ion compound in sheet metal (3), free electron in sheet metal (1) is derived by electrode (6) and is formed negative electrode, positive ion in multiple sheet metal (3) is collected into sheet metal (11) by the plain conductor connected separately (9), and form positive electrode by electrode (10) derivation.
The selection principle of radioactive source is that releasing ray type is as far as possible single, α particle is only had to release in decay scheme as α source, β particle is only had to release in the decay scheme in β source, or there are other rays to produce but the very weak easy shielding of branching ratio small intensity, the radiomaterial half life period can not be too short at least more than the several years, the optional americium-241 of αsource, plutonium-239, uranium-238 or curium-244 etc., the optional carbon-14 of radiator beta-ray, Strontium-90, nickel-63, thallium-204 or promethium-147 etc.
The selection principle of sheet metal to ionize out a large amount of electronic and ionic pair, better to outgoing electron shield effectiveness, and conductive capability is strong, can aluminium or copper material.
Strong magnet used (5) adopts ndfeb magnet, and ndfeb magnet is the permanent magnet that current known magnetic induction density is the strongest.
Hollow cylinder insulation course (2) material is organic glass, paper film, pottery etc., and very thin thickness makes as far as possible many deflect electronic enter sheet metal (1) from sheet metal (3).
The effect of battery case (7) is the secondary X-ray and the gamma-rays that shield inside battery generation as insulation screen, and material is heavy metal or high molecule plastic, and the heavy metal that can adulterate increases gamma ray shielding ability.
According to output voltage current needs during practical application, adjustable radioactive source dosage size, charge collecting elements quantity, magnetic field size, radioactive source shape are to meet design parameter requirement.
Claims (7)
1. Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery, it is characterized in that, radioactive source (4) is oblate cylindricality, upper and lower two pieces of center surfaces being embedded in sheet metal (3), sheet metal (3) completely cuts off with hollow cylinder insulation course (2) outward, multiple this structure is embedded in sheet metal (1) and forms charge-trapping array, a strong magnet (5) is respectively placed in sheet metal (1) both sides, metal electrode (6) connection metal plate (1) forms negative electrode, plain conductor (9) is drawn separately in each sheet metal (3), other end connection metal plate (11) of plain conductor (9), sheet metal (11) is settled metal electrode (10) as positive electricity electrode, inside battery wraps up by battery case (7), and be sheet metal (1), strong magnet (5), sheet metal (11) and electrode (6), (10) support is fixing.
2. Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that affiliated radioactive source (4) is αsource americium-241, plutonium-239, uranium-238, curium-244 etc. or radiator beta-ray carbon-14, Strontium-90, nickel-63, thallium-204, promethium-147 etc.
3. Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described sheet metal (1) (3) are for aluminium sheet or copper coin, plain conductor (9) is aluminum steel or copper cash.
4. Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that described hollow cylinder insulation course (2) material is organic glass, paper film or pottery etc.
5. Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that the high molecule plastic that described insulation screen (7) is heavy metal or doping heavy metal.
6. Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that described strong magnet (5) is ndfeb magnet.
7. Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described charge collecting elements be made up of sheet metal (1), hollow cylinder insulation course (2), sheet metal (3), radioactive source (4), kicker magnet (5) can increase and decrease quantity, according to the actual requirements to meet the demand under different application environment.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510489999.5A CN105023626B (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2015-08-12 | Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery |
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| CN201510489999.5A CN105023626B (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2015-08-12 | Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery |
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| CN105023626A true CN105023626A (en) | 2015-11-04 |
| CN105023626B CN105023626B (en) | 2017-09-29 |
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| CN201510489999.5A Expired - Fee Related CN105023626B (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2015-08-12 | Magneto separate electronic type nuclear battery |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106409374A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2017-02-15 | 吉林大学 | Nuclear battery of separating ionized charges in electric field |
| CN110289119A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-27 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of proliferous type high-voltage nuclear battery |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008012844A1 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Gian Claudio Paolo Faussone | Hall-effect nuclear cell |
| CN201122371Y (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2008-09-24 | 余悌华 | Magnetohydrodynamic power generation demonstration instrument device |
| CN102262912A (en) * | 2011-01-01 | 2011-11-30 | 徐宽 | Magnetic fluid atomic battery |
| CN102543238A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 华北电力大学 | Alpha and beta ray capacitive nuclear battery |
| JP2015122290A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-02 | 健太郎 堀川 | Apparatus and method for generating radiation ray such as neutron by nuclear fission |
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2015
- 2015-08-12 CN CN201510489999.5A patent/CN105023626B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008012844A1 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Gian Claudio Paolo Faussone | Hall-effect nuclear cell |
| CN201122371Y (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2008-09-24 | 余悌华 | Magnetohydrodynamic power generation demonstration instrument device |
| CN102262912A (en) * | 2011-01-01 | 2011-11-30 | 徐宽 | Magnetic fluid atomic battery |
| CN102543238A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 华北电力大学 | Alpha and beta ray capacitive nuclear battery |
| JP2015122290A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-02 | 健太郎 堀川 | Apparatus and method for generating radiation ray such as neutron by nuclear fission |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106409374A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2017-02-15 | 吉林大学 | Nuclear battery of separating ionized charges in electric field |
| CN110289119A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-27 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of proliferous type high-voltage nuclear battery |
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| CN105023626B (en) | 2017-09-29 |
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