CN105021886A - Harmonic source positioning device based on latent root estimation - Google Patents
Harmonic source positioning device based on latent root estimation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a harmonic source positioning device based on latent root estimation, which is characterized by comprising an analog quantity acquisition module, an analog quantity modulation module, an AD conversion module, a processing unit, a GPS module, a data communication module, a display module and a power supply module. The analog quantity acquisition module is connected with the analog quantity modulation module, the analog quantity modulation module is connected with the AD conversion module, the AD conversion module is connected with the processing unit, the processing unit is connected with the data communication module, the display module and the GPS module, and the power supply module provides power for the entire hardware circuit.
Description
Art
The present invention relates to electrical engineering field, especially relate to the harmonic source location device that a kind of feature based root is estimated.
Background technology
Along with the progress in epoch and the development of science and technology, the electric network composition complexity of electric system increases, and the equipment in load has had higher requirement to electric energy, and power quality problem is also more and more concerned.In all evaluation content that the quality of power supply comprises, harmonic content thinks a kind of important index.Harmonic pollution mainly due to when the nonlinear load of of a great variety, huge number runs by the harmonic injection that produces in electrical network.If obtained the information such as the position of harmonic source, capacity, just can take measures on customs clearance and improve process, stop it to affect other users.Therefore, in order to improve the quality of power supply, clearly accomplishing divisions of responsibility can, developing a set of accurately harmonic source location device important in inhibiting.
But along with expanding economy, electric network composition is day by day huge, and harmonic source also becomes increasingly complex, be difficult to accurately locate it, therefore study harmonic source identification technology and emission level evaluation method very necessary.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem that the difficult and harmonic wave kind of harmonic source divisions of responsibility can cannot differentiate, this device applies a kind of harmonic source location and analytical approach accurately especially.
This device realizes accurate harmonic source location, and its key is, comprising: analogue collection module, analog quantity modulation module, AD conversion module, processing unit, GPS module, data communication, display module and power module.
Described analogue collection module connects analog quantity modulation module and comprises: Hall current sensor and voltage sensor, and for the analog quantity of the harmonic voltage and harmonic current that gather common point, its configuration design becomes voltage clamp and current clamp, can be convenient for measuring like this.
Described analog quantity modulation module connects AD conversion module, comprising: Low-pass second order filter circuit, zero cross detection circuit and single-ended transfer difference circuit, and its effect is filter away high frequency noise, prevents spectral aliasing.
Described AD conversion module connects processing unit, and its effect converts analog quantity to digital quantity, and signal is sent to processing unit.
Described processing unit connects GPS module, data communication module and display module, adopts DSP and MCU dual processor, realizes the real-time analysis calculation function of sampled data.
Described GPS module, is sent to monitoring terminal by the geography information of harmonic source, sets up a harmonic source location network.
Described data communication module connects processing unit, and the report of the harmonic source location of generation is sent to monitoring terminal by timing.
Described display module connects processing unit, realizes man-machine interaction.
Shown power module, adopts and selects AC/DC module to power to circuit board.
The present invention is a kind of open accurate harmonic source location method in real time also, and its key is, comprises the steps:
Step 1, the harmonic voltage recorded at PCC point and harmonic wave current value are the value after the superposition of multiple harmonic source, and we need by the harmonic analysis method based on fft algorithm, calculate the containing ratio of the harmonious wave voltage of certain subharmonic current.
Step 2, sets up the linear regression model (LRM) between the harmonious ripple electric current of certain subharmonic voltage further, goes out corresponding regression equation and regression coefficient by latent root estimator.
Step 3, according to regression equation and the regression coefficient of the harmonic voltage obtained and harmonic current, calculates harmonic impedance, thus calculates the level of pollution of harmonic source, positioning system side and user-side harmonic source.
Described one is accurate harmonic source location method in real time, and described step 2 comprises:
Step 21, for regression model
,
, wherein
for dependent variable,
for independent variable,
for regression coefficient,
for observational error.
First, right
,
carry out centralization, standardization, obtain
,
, order matrix
, then
characteristic root be
, characteristic of correspondence vector is
, wherein
=0,1 ...,
m;and
.Namely there is orthogonal matrix
, make
, dependent variable
with independent variable
between there is strict linear relationship:
, two kinds of situations may be there are to the linear relationship that described step 22 is set up in step 22:
When
, then regression equation is:
Regression coefficient is:
, wherein
;
When
At this, we suppose
,
,
.Known according to analyzing above, to these
group data just do not have regression equation.So assuming that
, regression equation is:
The latent root estimator of regression coefficient is
, wherein
,
.
Described one is accurate harmonic source location method in real time, and described step 3 comprises:
Step 31, employing system side is thevenin equivalent circuit, and user side is the level of pollution of the model calculating harmonic source of equivalent circuit, define system side voltage
, impedance
; User side electric current
, impedance
.The harmonic voltage and harmonic wave current value that record PCC point are normalized, are described as real part and imaginary part, draw:
Wherein subscript, S representative system side, C representative of consumer side, PCC represents public-measurement point; X is real part, and y is imaginary part.That is,
for the real part of system side harmonic voltage,
for the imaginary part of system side harmonic voltage;
for the real part of system side harmonic impedance,
for the imaginary part of system side harmonic impedance;
for the real part of the harmonic voltage that PCC point is measured,
for the imaginary part of the harmonic voltage that PCC point is measured;
for the real part of the harmonic current that PCC point is measured,
for the imaginary part of the harmonic current that PCC point is measured.
One group of occurrence of the harmonic impedance of system side can be obtained through the calculating of described step 1 and step 2
with the situation of the harmonic voltage of mains side
.
Step 32, in like manner, by formula
parameter is calculated by returning
and
.
Multi-group data is returned the result calculated to be averaged the parameter calculated needed for final estimation harmonic pollution level.Draw correlation parameter, thus we can calculate the harmonic voltage content caused by user-side harmonic current implantation systems:
Because
represent mains side harmonic impedance, usually less, known
, by above formula abbreviation be:
In sum, owing to adopting above-mentioned innovative solution, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Drawing in concrete harmonic pollution horizontal process by calculating harmonic impedance, need process mass data go forward side by side line retrace calculate, generally can there is Problems of Multiple Synteny, existing regretional analysis generally adopts least square, and least square can't resolve collinearity problem.The latent root estimator that these apparatus and method propose and the similar process that least-squares estimation is analyzed, but solve the not treatable collinearity data problem of least-squares algorithm by some calculating, improve the computational accuracy of harmonic impedance, thus the computational accuracy of harmonic source level of pollution also presses close to true horizon more along with the raising of harmonic impedance accuracy.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will become obvious and easy understand from accompanying drawing below combining to the description of embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the harmonic source location device hardware structure diagram that the present invention is based on latent root estimator;
Fig. 2 is the overall system design block diagram of the harmonic source location device that the present invention is based on latent root estimator;
Fig. 3 is the harmonic source location apparatus system user equivalent electrical circuit that the present invention is based on latent root estimator.
Embodiment:
Being exemplary below by the enforcement be described with reference to the drawings, only for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention being interpreted as.In describing the invention, unless otherwise prescribed and limit, term " installation ", " connection " should make broad understanding, such as, can be mechanical connection or electrical links, also can Shi Liangge element internal UNICOM, can directly be connected, also indirectly can be connected by intermediary, for those of ordinary skill in the art, the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term can be understood as the case may be.
Hardware components of the present invention adopts DSP to add the structure of CPLD, not only meets the requirement of measuring real-time, and takes into account the portability of system.Electrical network is divided into both sides by the present invention, i.e. system side and user side, then by measuring the voltage and current of common point, by frequency analysis, obtains the containing ratio of certain subharmonic; The each harmonic data obtained are processed further, equivalent electrical circuit according to system side and user side obtains circuit equation, obtained the parameter of system side and user side by latent root estimator, thus the harmonic voltage content caused by user-side harmonic current implantation systems can be calculated.
A hardware configuration for the harmonic source location device that feature based root is estimated, comprising: mould analogue collection module, analog quantity modulation module, AD conversion module, processing unit, GPS module, data communication, power module, display module, as shown in Figure 1.
Described analogue collection module is that the voltage signal gathered by voltage sensor and Hall current sensor and current signal are sent into analog quantity modulation module.
Analog quantity modulation module is by the analog quantity of collection after second-order low-pass filter circuit, then sends into single-ended transfer difference circuit, finally sends into AD conversion module.The acquisition mode of analog quantity is AC sampling, and ac sampling method is according to certain rules to measured signal sampling, then carries out numerical value process by certain algorithm, thus obtains measured.
The analog quantity collected mainly is converted to digital quantity and is sent in processing module by described AD conversion module.AD conversion module core devices is ADS8364 data acquisition chip, ADS8364 is a kind of low-power consumption, at a high speed 16 analog-converted devices, conjugation rejection ratio is 80dB when 50kHz, so while the measuring accuracy of the system of guarantee, goes for the environment that noise ratio is larger.
Described processor unit comprises the dual processor that DSP adds MCU, and peripheral logic control is the CPLD device of the EPM7032AE of Altera.The dual processor that DSP adds MCU exchanges data therebetween by bus, while realizing image data, completes the work for the treatment of of the analysis of the data system task not high with relative real-time, as man-machine interaction, display analysis result, optimum configurations protection etc.This dual processor pattern, has very large dirigibility in the choice, can obtain the various processors that performance meets the demands.In addition, in order to realize ADS8364 6 road signals while sampling, ADS8364 chip /HOLDA ,/HOLDB, / HOLDC signal is connected with the TDIRB pin of DSP2812, samples while the square wave exported just can control 6 road signals by this connected mode DSP on this pin.
Described GPS module adopts SiRFstar third generation chip, can determine the geography information of harmonic source by carrying GPS chip in real time.
Described display module comprises liquid crystal display and button, adopts liquid crystal display the data understood required for user can be shown intuitively, coordinates button user friendlyly to operate.The 320240A-3 Liquid Crystal Module of Shenzhen credit space science and technology is selected in liquid crystal display, bus mode is adopted to be connected with processing module, there is powerful Plotting Function, support text display mode, image display mode and mixed display pattern, there is multiple functional steering order collection; What key part adopted is simple nonencoded keyboard, and hardware circuit is simple, easily realizes.
Described data communication module, by the harmonic source location generated, emerging 2G module MG2639 in employing, reports that timed sending is to sense terminals.
Described power module, because sample mode is AC sampling, then requires that amplifier can, by the signal of positive-negative polarity, select+15V bipolarity to power.In addition, the core ADC chip as AD conversion module adopts+5V to power, and what the core DSP of system adopted is that 3.3V powers.So the power supply plan of system is: select AC/DC module to power to circuit board.
Software section of the present invention will adopt modular design proposal, mainly comprise the initialize routine of DSP, button driver and liquid crystal drive program.
The divisions of responsibility can of harmonic source is divided into two classes: qualitative identification and quantitative test.Quantitative test can quantize harmonic source level of pollution, lays particular emphasis on the calculating of harmonic impedance.Non-intervention formula in quantitative test that what the present invention adopted is method---" the harmonic source location method that feature based root is estimated " builds positioning system of the present invention, overall design drawing as shown in Figure 2:
In figure, be first the acquisition and processing of data, mainly to the synchronized sampling of data and the pre-service of data; Further, the data after process are carried out frequency analysis, and can be obtained the spectrogram of harmonic wave by fft analysis, the spectrogram obtained will carry out Spectrum Correction by convolution, can calculate the containing ratio of certain subharmonic like this; The regression equation that feature assessment obtains equivalent electrical circuit is carried out to certain subharmonic, thus draws the harmonic contribution of system side and user side; By the data genaration harmonic source location report analyzed; Finally the report of the harmonic source location of generation is sent to monitoring equipment by wireless communication module.
The present invention is a kind of open accurate harmonic source location method in real time also, and its key is, comprises the steps:
Step 1, the harmonic voltage recorded at PCC point and harmonic wave current value are the value after the superposition of multiple harmonic source, and we need by the harmonic analysis method based on fft algorithm, calculate the containing ratio of the harmonious wave voltage of certain subharmonic current.
Step 2, sets up the linear regression model (LRM) between the harmonious ripple electric current of certain subharmonic voltage further, goes out corresponding regression equation and regression coefficient by latent root estimator.
Step 3, according to regression equation and the regression coefficient of the harmonic voltage obtained and harmonic current, calculates harmonic impedance, thus calculates the level of pollution of harmonic source, positioning system side and user-side harmonic source.
The harmonic source location system that feature based root is estimated
Latent root estimator, based on the Principal Component Estimation in multiple linear regression, equally belongs to a kind of Biased estimator with Principal Component Estimation.Feature based estimates to obtain harmonic source location and the estimation of harmonic wave level of pollution, that the harmonic voltage measured PCC point with feature assessment and harmonic current are analyzed, calculate regression coefficient, harmonic impedance is gone out by regression equation calculation, thus draw the harmonic contribution of system side and user side, finally locate harmonic source.Its ultimate principle is as follows:
Latent root estimator is introduced
Consider linear regression model (LRM)
(1)
In formula,
for dependent variable,
for independent variable,
for regression coefficient,
for observational error.
First, right
,
carry out centralization, standardization:
,
;
,
in formula,
,
data then after change, standardization.
Order matrix
, then
characteristic root be
, characteristic of correspondence vector is
, wherein
=0,1 ...,
m;and
.Namely there is orthogonal matrix
, make
.Can find out, dependent variable
with independent variable
between there is strict linear relationship:
（2）
Then may there are two kinds of situations for above formula:
①
If
, then
by
,
...,
linear expression
（3）
Because data strictly meet this equation, so residual sum of squares (RSS) is zero.Because above formula is optimal candidate in empirical regression equation, as it is used as prediction, good prediction effect should be had;
②
In application, if
, then
, formula (2) namely becomes multiple collinear relationship
(4)
At this, we suppose
,
,
.Analyze known before eradication, to these
group data just do not have equation (3).Assuming that
, equation (3) just can be rewritten into
(5)
From formula (5), the latent root estimator of regression coefficient is
(6)
Wherein
,
.
Feature based estimates to obtain model calculation procedure
Harmonic source level of pollution computation model adopts mains side to be thevenin equivalent circuit, and user side is equivalent circuit, as shown in Figure 3.In figure 3,
,
,
and
be all unknown circuit parameter, and
with
concrete numerical value is obtained by relevant measurement.Measured value is pressed real part and imaginary part expansion, and
remain unchanged in sampling periods, and
be steady random variation, and meet
,
.Wherein,
,
for mean value,
,
for deviation, and
,
,
,
.The regression equation then simplified is:
（7）
Wherein known variables is
,
,
,
.Solving known variables first will to points of common connection place harmonic voltage
with harmonic current
accurately measurement, then process by following process:
Conveniently later calculating and the unification of tolerance, first need to carry out centralization and standardization to independent variable.Independent variable and dependent variable are carried out centralization and standardization calculates according to following formula:
,
.Wherein independent variable is harmonic current real part and imaginary part, and dependent variable is harmonic voltage real part and imaginary part.
Calculate according to feature assessment method, calculate regression coefficient by formula (6), obtain solve for parameter, one group of occurrence of the harmonic impedance of mains side can be obtained
with the situation of the harmonic voltage of mains side
, in like manner, by formula
by returning the parameter calculating user side
and
.
Draw correlation parameter, thus we can calculate the harmonic voltage content caused by user-side harmonic current implantation systems, known
, then can obtain:
(8)
Therefore, this device is by measuring the harmonic voltage of common electrical and harmonic current, and application characteristic root estimates the solve for parameter of the system that draws: the harmonic impedance of mains side and harmonic voltage, and the harmonic current of user side and harmonic impedance; Further, by calculating the voltage content caused by user-side harmonic current implantation systems, then harmonic contribution can be separated.Result shows, adopts the method only need measure the voltage and current of common electrical, does not impact system, real-time and reliability high, can be widely used in practice.
Claims (10)
1. a real-time harmonic source electricity device for feature based root estimation, is characterized in that, comprising: mould analogue collection module, analog quantity modulation module, AD conversion module, processing unit, GPS module, data communication, display module and power module;
Described analogue collection module connection mode analog quantity modulation module, described analog quantity modulation module connects AD conversion module, described AD conversion module connects processing unit, described processing unit connection data communication module, display module, GPS module, and described power module is that whole hardware circuit is powered.
2. the real-time harmonic source electricity device of a kind of feature based root estimation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, use voltage sensor and the Hall current sensor of tong-like, be convenient for measuring.
3. the real-time harmonic source electricity device estimated of a kind of feature based root according to claim 1, is characterized in that, use processing unit to add MCU dual processor for DSP, peripheral logic control is the CPLD device of the EPM7032AE of Altera; The dual processor that DSP adds MCU exchanges data therebetween by bus, while realizing image data, completes the work for the treatment of of the analysis of the data system task not high with relative real-time, as man-machine interaction, display analysis result, optimum configurations protection etc.; This dual processor pattern, has very large dirigibility in the choice, can obtain the various processors that performance meets the demands; In addition, in order to realize ADS8364 6 road signals while sampling, ADS8364 chip /HOLDA ,/HOLDB, / HOLDC signal is connected with the TDIRB pin of DSP2812, samples while the square wave exported just can control 6 road signals by this connected mode DSP on this pin.
4. the real-time harmonic source electricity device of a kind of feature based root estimation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, emerging 2G module MG2639 during described data communication module adopts, is connected with the monitoring device of far-end by data communication, the report of generation is sent to monitoring equipment.
5. the real-time harmonic source electricity device of a kind of feature based root estimation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described GPS module adopts SiRFstar third generation chip, can determine the geography information of harmonic source by carrying GPS chip in real time.
6. the real-time harmonic source electricity device of a kind of feature based root estimation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described display module comprises liquid crystal display and button, adopt liquid crystal display the data understood required for user can be shown intuitively, coordinate button user friendlyly to operate; The 320240A-3 Liquid Crystal Module of Shenzhen credit space science and technology is selected in liquid crystal display, bus mode is adopted to be connected with processing module, there is powerful Plotting Function, support text display mode, image display mode and mixed display pattern, there is multiple functional steering order collection; What key part adopted is simple nonencoded keyboard, and hardware circuit is simple, easily realizes.
7. the real-time harmonic source electricity device of a kind of feature based root estimation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described power module, because sample mode is AC sampling, then require that amplifier can, by the signal of positive-negative polarity, select+15V bipolarity to power; In addition, the core ADC chip as AD conversion module adopts+5V to power, and what the core DSP of system adopted is that 3.3V powers; So the power supply plan of system is: select AC/DC module to power to circuit board.
8. the present invention's also a kind of open accurate harmonic source location method in real time, its key is, comprises the steps:
Step 1, the harmonic voltage recorded at PCC point and harmonic wave current value are the value after the superposition of multiple harmonic source, and we need by the harmonic analysis method based on fft algorithm, calculate the containing ratio of the harmonious wave voltage of certain subharmonic current;
Step 2, sets up the linear regression model (LRM) between the harmonious ripple electric current of certain subharmonic voltage further, goes out corresponding regression equation and regression coefficient by latent root estimator;
Step 3, according to regression equation and the regression coefficient of the harmonic voltage obtained and harmonic current, calculates harmonic impedance, thus calculates the level of pollution of harmonic source, positioning system side and user-side harmonic source.
9. a kind of accurate harmonic source location method in real time according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described step 2 comprises:
Step 21, for regression model
,
, wherein
for dependent variable,
for independent variable,
for regression coefficient,
for observational error;
First, right
,
carry out centralization, standardization, obtain
,
, order matrix
, then
characteristic root be
, characteristic of correspondence vector is
, wherein
=0,1 ...,
m;and
;
Namely there is orthogonal matrix
, make
, dependent variable
with independent variable
between there is strict linear relationship:
, two kinds of situations may be there are to the linear relationship that described step 22 is set up in step 22:
When
, then regression equation is:
Regression coefficient is:
, wherein
;
When
, at this, we suppose
,
,
, known according to analyzing above, to these
group data just do not have regression equation, so supposition
, regression equation is:
The latent root estimator of regression coefficient is
, wherein
,
.
10. a kind of accurate harmonic source location method in real time according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described step 2 comprises:
Step 31, employing system side is thevenin equivalent circuit, and user side is the level of pollution of the model calculating harmonic source of equivalent circuit, define system side voltage
, impedance
; User side electric current
, impedance
;
The harmonic voltage and harmonic wave current value that record PCC point are normalized, are described as real part and imaginary part, draw:
Wherein subscript, S representative system side, C representative of consumer side, PCC represents public-measurement point; X is real part, and y is imaginary part;
That is,
for the real part of system side harmonic voltage,
for the imaginary part of system side harmonic voltage;
for the real part of system side harmonic impedance,
for the imaginary part of system side harmonic impedance;
for the real part of the harmonic voltage that PCC point is measured,
for the imaginary part of the harmonic voltage that PCC point is measured;
for the real part of the harmonic current that PCC point is measured,
for the imaginary part of the harmonic current that PCC point is measured;
One group of occurrence of the harmonic impedance of system side can be obtained through the calculating of described step 1 and step 2
with the situation of the harmonic voltage of mains side
;
Step 32, in like manner, by formula
parameter is calculated by returning
and
, by multi-group data
The result that recurrence calculates is averaged and calculates the final parameter estimated needed for harmonic pollution level, draw correlation parameter, thus we can calculate the harmonic voltage content caused by user-side harmonic current implantation systems:
Because
represent mains side harmonic impedance, usually less, known
, by above formula abbreviation be:
。
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| CN105548805A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 厦门理工学院 | Critical impedance method-based bilateral harmonic source identification and localization method |
| CN107968402A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-04-27 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of localization method of more current source type oscillation sources |
| CN110470926A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-11-19 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of practical evaluation method of AC network background harmonics impedance |
| CN112014680A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-12-01 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Harmonic source positioning method and system for electric power system |
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