CN105021791B - Method and device for simulating variable roughness factor ice cover in ice water dynamic test - Google Patents
Method and device for simulating variable roughness factor ice cover in ice water dynamic test Download PDFInfo
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- CN105021791B CN105021791B CN201510510809.3A CN201510510809A CN105021791B CN 105021791 B CN105021791 B CN 105021791B CN 201510510809 A CN201510510809 A CN 201510510809A CN 105021791 B CN105021791 B CN 105021791B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for simulating a variable roughness factor ice cover in an ice water dynamic test. The device comprises a simulated ice cover plate which is matched with a simulated river course is width, the simulated ice cover plate is made of polyethylene boards, multiple fixing holes are formed in the simulated ice cover plate uniformly, rough blocks for simulating the roughness factor are fixed in the fixing holes correspondingly according to test requirements, and the rough blocks are made of polyethylene bars. According to the method and device, the ubiquitous material, namely the polyethylene, serves as the material for simulating the ice cover, the ice cover plane is simulated by boards, the long-strip-shaped polyethylene materials are erected on the board for simulating the rough surface of the ice cover, and simulated ice covers of different roughness factors are formed. Due to the fact that the long-strip-shaped materials which are different in length and density can be replaced in various simple ways, the ice covers of different roughness factors can be simulated, the test can be accelerated, and the test cost can be reduced greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to variable roughness ice sheet analogy method and device in a kind of frozen water dynamic test, are a kind of water conservancy project realities
Method and apparatus is tested, is a kind of method and apparatus of frozen water dynamic experiment.
Background technology
Enter after the winter, temperature is reduced, water body loss of heat when water temperature is down to less than 0 DEG C, will produce frost flower in river course, with
Further there is floating ice in water body constantly loss of heat, water surface.Affected by flow condition, orographic condition and wind direction etc., water body table
The floating ice in face mutually can be piled up to form ice, and the presence of ice sheet can substantially increase wetted perimeter and resistance, even if discharge section area
It is constant also to cause significantly reducing for river course discharge capacity.Because the field prototype measurement of ice condition has certain danger, because
This becomes an important means of frozen water dynamics research by labs simulation study.Experimental simulation research nature is related to
To ice sheet and the problem of modelling of ice sheet roughness.Roughness is irregular, border the roughness and neat degree for weighing side wall shape
It is the important parameter in frozen water mechanics study etc. the integrated coeficient of factor.The ice sheet analogue technique master that at present laboratory is commonly used
If manually inserting bamboo let on cystosepiment, the artificial degree of roughness for increasing cystosepiment, because the manually depth and density of slotting bamboo let
It is difficult to control, therefore the method is random larger in the control of ice sheet roughness, and to regular campaign difficulty is brought.And such as
The Density Distribution of fruit bamboo let is uneven, causes the velocity flow profile for testing section uneven, affects experimental precision, or even accuracy.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome problem of the prior art, the present invention to propose the variable roughness in a kind of dynamic test for frozen water
Ice sheet analogy method and device.Described method provides a kind of ice sheet and its roughness analogy method, can be according to different needs
Adjustment roughness degree, and it is reusable.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：Variable roughness ice sheet analogy method, institute in a kind of frozen water dynamic test
The method of stating uses polyethylene board as the material of simulation ice sheet, and in the one side of described polyethylene board a plurality of major axis side is arranged
To coarse piece of the strip vertical with plate plane, using different coarse piece of length length, and the row that coarse piece of density is different
Row mode simulates a variety of roughnesses in ice sheet bottom.
It is a kind of according to methods described design variable roughness ice sheet analog, including with simulating riverway width be adapted
Simulation ice sheet plate, the material of described simulation ice sheet plate is polyethylene board, and uniform distribution is more on described simulation ice sheet plate
Individual fixing hole, coarse piece of fixed-analog roughness is needed in described fixing hole according to test, and the material of described coarse piece is
Polyethylene bar.
Further, the fixing hole on described simulation ice sheet plate is to be staggered.
Further, the fixing hole on the simulation ice sheet plate is manhole, be coarse piece be diameter with it is solid
Determine the adaptable circular bar in hole, one end of the circular bar is fixed with the disk greater diameter than bar diameter, described
Disk is detachably connected by fixation means with simulation ice sheet plate.
Further, described fixation means are the pressing plates being threadedly coupled with simulation ice sheet plate, and described disk is clipped in mould
Intend between ice sheet plate and pressing plate.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The present invention adopts this very universal material of polyethylene by Theoretical Calculation
As the material of simulation ice sheet, and ice sheet plane is simulated using sheet material, and the polythene material using strip is stood on sheet material,
The rough surface of simulation ice sheet, forms different roughness simulation ice sheets.Due to using length can be changed using various simple modes
Short difference, the different strip material of density, with this ice sheet of various different roughnesses can be simulated, and the cost for making experiment drops significantly
Low, while using simple substitute mode, can also significantly reduce the non-cutting time of experiment, that is, meeting the various of experiment will
The precision that also ensure that experiment is sought, accelerates test speed, and cost is then decreased obviously.
Description of the drawings
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the described device of embodiments of the invention two；
Fig. 2 is staggered fixing hole schematic diagram described in embodiments of the invention three；
Fig. 3 is coarse piece described in embodiments of the invention four of schematic shapes；
Fig. 4 is the described device structural representation of embodiments of the invention five.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one：
The present embodiment is variable roughness ice sheet analogy method in a kind of frozen water dynamic test, and methods described uses polyethylene
Sheet material arranges a plurality of long axis direction vertical with plate plane as the material of simulation ice sheet in the one side of described polyethylene board
Coarse piece of strip, using different coarse piece of length length, and the arrangement mode simulation ice sheet bottom that coarse piece of density is different
The a variety of roughnesses in portion.
The foundation of the present embodiment methods described is：
1st, the selection gist of ice sheet simulation material：
It is similar with the floating ice movement of model that the frozen water dynamic experiment of laboratory needs to meet prototype, i.e.,：
I.e.：
(ρi)p=(ρi)m
In formula：Subscript p represents prototype, and subscript m represents model, and subscript r is represented and compares chi；V is flow velocity；G is acceleration of gravity；
ρwFor the density of water；ρiFor the density of ice；T is ice thickness.
Above formula shows the equal density of ice in floating ice movement requirement of similarity prototype and model.Because the density of ice is about
917kg/m3, therefore the present embodiment adopts density for 920kg/m3The material simulated as ice sheet of polyethylene, meet in density
Similarity needed for frozen water dynamic experiment is required.
2nd, the simulation of ice sheet roughness n：
Current flowing in river all meets energy equation
Z in formula1And Z2The respectively elevation of upstream and downstream section, P1And P2The respectively pressure of upstream and downstream section, V1、V2Respectively
For the mean flow rate of upstream and downstream section, hwFor the loss of flood peak.
From above formula, the isoparametric calculating of the water level, flow in river is required for first determining loss of flood peak hwThis ginseng
Number, and loss of flood peak hwExpressed by roughness n.
In hydraulically rough region, thank to ability coefficient C only related to the R/ Δs of reflection relative roughness.And in rough region,AgainThen roughness coefficien n can be expressed as
R is hydraulic radius in formula, and △ is absolute roughness height.
From above formula, when the hydraulic radius of river cross-section is constant, the roughness of ice sheet and absolute roughness height △ have directly
Relation is connect, therefore in frozen water dynamic test, there is provided the ice sheet of different roughness heights becomes the main way of ice sheet roughness simulation
Footpath.
Based on above-mentioned theory analysis, the present embodiment uses polyethylene board as the material of simulation ice sheet, in sheet material
Coarse piece of a plurality of strip is simultaneously arranged, coarse piece of material is all polyethylene.Coarse piece of length direction axis and simulation ice
Pressure plate plane is vertical, and with this roughness of ice sheet bottom is simulated.These coarse piece preferably can very easily dismantle or install
On simulation ice sheet plate.By coarse piece of different length and different arrangements, and the density of arrangement, form simulation various not
With the analog of roughness.
Embodiment two：
The present embodiment is a kind of variable roughness ice sheet analog according to the design of the methods described of embodiment one, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show.The present embodiment includes the simulation ice sheet plate 2 being adapted with the width of simulating riverway 1, and the material of described simulation ice sheet plate is poly-
Ethylene plate, on described simulation ice sheet plate multiple fixing holes 201 are uniformly distributed, according to test needs in described fixing hole
Coarse piece 3 of fixed-analog roughness, the material of described coarse piece is polyethylene bar.
Material of the present embodiment using polyethylene board as simulation ice cube, simulates plate-like ice cube and floats or be covered in water
On face.According to the calculating of embodiment one, density and the ice of polythene material are close, therefore, polyethylene board completely can be with mould
Intend plate-like ice cube floating state on the water, including the amplitude moved up and down with the travelling speed of current floating and with wave
Deng.
Device described in the present embodiment mainly is applied to carry out ice sheet experiment in the tank of simulating riverway.Simulation ice sheet
The size of plate determines that as needed its width can be in the same size with the width of the tank in simulation river, or perhaps is adapted,
Its length then according to the time it needs to be determined that, such as：Experimental needs intercept 5 meters long by 1.2 in 10 meters long 1.2 meters of wide tanks
The wide simulation ice sheet plate of rice, as the length and width of Experiment on Function sheet material.Described adaptable referring to simulates ice sheet plate and water
The width dimensions of groove are in the same size, but the width of the width ratio tank of simulation ice sheet plate is slightly smaller, puts to simulate ice sheet plate
In entering tank, and certain interval is kept with tank both sides side board, simulation ice sheet plate is swum on the water surface, it is possible to water
The fluctuating in face and rise and fall, will not be with being stuck because size gets too close to tank.In this case, ice sheet plate is simulated,
In water (flow) direction should Constrained, conveniently method be simulation ice sheet plate downstream arrange one stop ice sheet plate it is downward
The fixing point of trip flowing, you can to achieve the goal.And some experiment in need to simulate the ice sheet being frozen on river course, then need by
Simulation ice sheet plate is fixed on simulating riverway, and it is highly identical with water level.Fixed mode can be with the various fixation sides of flexible Application
Method.
Go out to calculate according to embodiment one, be the roughness for simulating ice bottom, the present embodiment takes coarse piece of strip,
Coarse piece of material should also be as being polyethylene.It is circular bar, or cross sectional shape that coarse piece can be cross sectional shape
For square or the other shapes bar of other regular polygons.
The purpose that fixing hole is beaten on simulation ice sheet plate is to determine coarse piece of the upper position in simulation ice sheet plate, fixed
It can also be blind hole that hole can be through hole.The arrangement on simulation ice sheet plate of fixing hole can be the matrix type row for aliging in length and breadth
Row, or vertical alignment traversed by is wrong or horizontal alignment indulges the outside radiation arrangement in staggered arrangement staggeredly, or center
Deng other shape arrangements.
Different absolute roughness heights can be simulated using different coarse tile heights and arrangement density.Coarse piece of length
(height) needs intercepting according to experiment roughness, can be simulated using different coarse block lengths (height) and arrangement density different
Absolute roughness height.The roughness of needs simulation is bigger, then the length of the strip material for intercepting is longer, otherwise then shorter.To be many
The bar that root is intercepted is fixed on the one side of simulation ice sheet plate, and with fixed bar one is faced down, and does not fix bar
One faces upwards, and in making bar insertion water, forms the form of simulation ice cube.Fixed how many coarse piece, and coarse piece of density
Degree is also relevant with roughness.Coarse piece more, and more intensive, then roughness is bigger, otherwise less.The present embodiment is taken in simulation ice
The mode of many fixing holes is uniformly opened on cover plate, coarse piece is fixed with dismountable mode in each fixing hole.Prepare length
It is short different multiple coarse pieces, the length of coarse piece according to required for roughness computed in advance, quantity, density degree,
Coarse piece is selectively fixed in each fixing hole of simulation ice sheet plate, i.e.,：Or coarse piece is fixed in all holes, and (roughness is most
Greatly), or interval one hole fix coarse piece (roughness takes second place), or interval two holes fix one coarse piece etc..
Therefore, the connection between coarse piece and simulation ice sheet plate should be very easily detachably connected.Coarse piece with
Connection between simulation ice sheet plate can have various ways.Such as：Using threaded connection, screw connection etc..Can also be using one kind
Connected mode very ingenious：By fixing hole for beat be through hole, each coarse piece is designed as it is T-shaped, i.e., as bolt that
In one stub end of a setting of cylinder, when the main body of cylinder passes through fixing hole, stub end limits cylinder to sample
Main body pass through fixing hole.Meanwhile, stub end is designed as into disc, coordinated with simulation ice sheet plate using a block pressur plate, by circle
The stub end of piece shape is clamped, and makes whole coarse piece can neither deviate from from fixing hole, can not be rocked, and plays fixed effect.
And pressing plate can be designed as being adapted with simulation ice sheet plate size, a block pressur plate is set to push down insert in all fixing holes thick
Rough block.Certainly, the material of pressing plate should also be as being polyethylene board.
So fixing coarse piece of ingenious part is：A limited number of screw is only needed between pressing plate and simulation ice sheet plate
Can be fixed, no matter how many is individual coarse piece, as long as being simply inserted in fixing hole, a limited number of screw of screwing on just is secured
All of coarse piece.This is much more convenient compared with coarse piece be screwed one by one one by one.This point is in an experiment
Particularly significant, because constantly to simulate various roughnesses in an experiment, often constantly permutation and combination is various different in size thick for Jing
Rough block.Make that substantial amounts of experiment non-cutting time can be saved in manner just described, improve conventional efficient.
Embodiment two：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is refinement of the embodiment one with regard to simulation ice sheet plate.Described in the present embodiment
Simulation ice sheet plate on fixing hole to be staggered, as shown in Figure 2.
Simulation ice sheet plate is used to fix coarse piece of fixed block, and the present embodiment is taking a kind of adjacent hole interlaced arrangement
Mode, with respect to coarse piece of density enlarged relative of current (arrow A directions in Fig. 2) upstream face, with this staggeredly perforate is reached
Purpose：Larger roughness (relative to alignment in length and breadth) can also be obtained using highly less coarse piece, saved
The coarse piece of impact to current fluidal texture can also be reduced while material.
Example IV：
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is that above-described embodiment is closed with regard to simulating ice sheet plate with the coarse agllutination of simulation
The refinement of mode.The fixing hole on simulation ice sheet plate described in the present embodiment is manhole, and be coarse piece is diameter
The cylindrical bar being adapted with fixing hole, one end of the bar is fixed with the disk greater diameter than bar diameter, described
Disk by fixation means with simulation ice sheet plate be detachably connected.
Pole and circular hole are the shapes for being easiest to process, and the fixing hole and coarse piece of use described in the present embodiment is circular, and
Pole section bar and circular hole are easiest to processing, can save the expense of experiment, reduces cost.
Coarse piece of described diameter is adapted with fixed block diameter and is meant that：Coarse piece of nominal diameter and fixing hole
Nominal diameter is equal, but otherwise varied in tolerance, and the diameter of coarse piece of diameter is slightly a little bit smaller, and the diameter of fixing hole is micro- big by one
Point, makes coarse piece very can smoothly insert in fixing hole.
As shown in figure 3, coarse piece of cylindrical bar 302 is main body, one end of cylinder is fixedly connected for coarse piece of shape
One disk 301, forms " major part ", and entirely the axial cross sectional shape of coarse block length is T-shaped.
The fixed enforcement that coarse piece is fixed on simulation ice sheet plate there can be into many kinds, such as：Fixed enforcement is one little
Screw, the disk at coarse piece of top is tightened with simulation ice sheet plate, i.e.,：Each coarse piece is fixed on simulation with a primary screw
On ice sheet plate.But this fixed form has a problem, screw is too many, it is possible to affect the proportion of whole device, affects experiment
Precision.The mode of the pressing plate as described in embodiment one can also be used.
Embodiment five：
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment with regard to fixation means.The present embodiment institute
The fixation means stated are the pressing plates 4 being threadedly coupled with simulation ice sheet plate, and described disk is clipped between simulation ice sheet plate and pressing plate.
The surrounding of simulation ice sheet plate arranges screw 5, for pressing plate to be fixed on into simulation ice sheet plate.Will be T-shaped when using
Coarse piece is placed in the hole of simulation ice sheet.The effect of pressing plate is to clamp coarse piece together with simulation ice sheet plate, is allowed to solid
It is fixed so as to will not to be subjected to displacement with the motion of current in process of the test.If coarse piece is shaken with the motion of current,
Will result in ice sheet roughness to change, therefore, it is fixed coarse piece, it is to avoid to rock particularly significant.Consolidating by corner when using
Determine bolt and will simulate ice sheet, coarse piece and pressing plate to be fixed together, tested by being put in tank, as shown in Figure 4.
The material of described pressing plate should also be as being polyethylene board, to meet the requirement of proportion.The one of this fixed form
It is individual it is very big be advantageous in that, using a limited number of screw, affect the proportion of normal appts very little, that is to say, that to whole
The precision of experiment affects very little.
Pressing plate can use the reticular lamina of polyethylene, as long as coarse piece of top original piece can be pushed down.
Finally it should be noted that above only unrestricted to illustrate technical scheme, although with reference to preferable cloth
Put scheme to be described in detail the present invention, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the technology of the present invention
Scheme (shape of such as tank and analog, each annexation and mode etc.) is modified or equivalent, and not
Depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. variable roughness ice sheet analogy method in a kind of frozen water dynamic experiment, it is characterised in that methods described is using density
920 kg/m3Polyethylene board as the material of simulation ice sheet, in the one side of described polyethylene board, a plurality of major axis is set
Coarse piece of the direction strip vertical with plate plane, using different coarse piece of length, and the arrangement that coarse piece of density is different
Mode simulates a variety of roughnesses in ice sheet bottom；Described roughness is：
R is hydraulic radius in formula, and △ is absolute roughness height.
2. the variable roughness ice sheet analog that a kind of method according to claim 1 is designed, it is characterised in that include and mould
Intend the adaptable simulation ice sheet plate of river width, the material of described simulation ice sheet plate is 920 kg/m3Polyethylene board, institute
Multiple fixing holes are evenly distributed on the simulation ice sheet plate stated, fixed-analog roughness is needed according to test in described fixing hole
Coarse piece, the material of described coarse piece is polyethylene bar；Described roughness is：
R is hydraulic radius in formula, and △ is absolute roughness height.
3. device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the fixing hole on described simulation ice sheet plate is staggered row
Row.
4. device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the fixing hole on the simulation ice sheet plate is manhole,
Described coarse piece is the cylindrical bar that diameter is adapted with fixing hole, and one end of the cylindrical bar is fixed with a diameter
More than the disk of diameter of rod, described disk is detachably connected by fixation means with simulation ice sheet plate.
5. device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described fixation means are threadedly coupled with simulation ice sheet plate
Pressing plate, described disk be clipped in simulation ice sheet plate and pressing plate between.
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| CN106759071B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-10-15 | 河海大学 | Hydraulic model improves plus rough body |
| CN107245978B (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-01-14 | 河海大学 | Water conservancy model roughening method |
| CN110187076B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-01-10 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Radar measurement test device and method for ice plug ice dam in laboratory |
| CN110793249B (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-08-03 | 天津大学 | Artificial seeding die for preparing non-frozen model ice |
| CN110823508B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-10-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Experimental device for simulating pie-shaped ice drifting accumulation on wind-driven waves |
| CN115408959B (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-01-30 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method, system, equipment and medium for simulating ice cover crushing process under wave action |
| CN115901841B (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-05-30 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Reservoir arch bridge-shaped ice cover formation simulation and integral form evolution measurement method |
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| DE4102616A1 (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1992-05-14 | Hamburgische Schiffbau Versuch | METHOD FOR GENERATING AN ICE COVER, IN PARTICULAR FOR SHIP MODEL TRIALS |
| RU2440271C1 (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт имени академика А.Н. Крылова" (ФГУП "ЦНИИ им. акад. А.Н. Крылова") | Ice experimental tank |
| CN103526716A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-22 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | River model plastic grass roughening method |
| CN103604827B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-09-16 | 四川大学 | A kind of ice water heat exchange coefficient experimental provision and assay method |
| CN103723245B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2016-10-19 | 天津大学 | A kind of preparation method of snowberg model ice sheet |
| RU2551832C1 (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-05-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Крыловский государственный научный центр" | Method to model ice cover in experiment tank and device for its realisation |
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