CN105020743A - Fuel autoxidation splitting and axial staged combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an axially graded combustion chamber for autooxidation and cracking of fuel. The fuel undergoes autooxidation and cracking at the head of the combustion chamber, and then enters the combustion chamber for deep combustion, thereby realizing staged combustion of the fuel. The fuel enters the head of the combustion chamber and mixes with air. Contact with the high-temperature plasma generated in the ionization channel and then oxidize, control the equivalence ratio to be greater than 1, so that the fuel is burned in an oil-rich state, and the heat released by part of the fuel combustion is absorbed by the remaining fuel, and then cracked to produce flammable methane and hydrogen The mixture of gaseous small molecules can transform the oil-rich combustion zone of the combustion chamber into the autoxidative cracking zone of the fuel. Thereafter, the high-temperature gaseous mixture enters the combustion chamber, and rapidly mixes with the air entering the mixing hole to produce a mixture with an equivalence ratio of less than 1 for lean combustion. The invention removes the quenching section of the combustion chamber, improves the conversion efficiency, avoids the problem of carbon deposition, and especially reduces the NOx emission of the combustion chamber.

Description

A fuel autoxidation cracking axial staged combustor

technical field

The invention relates to the field of thermal energy and power engineering, in particular to an axially graded combustor for fuel autooxidative cracking.

Background technique

At present, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the research on gas turbine, a traditional power plant, is becoming more and more extensive. In order to meet the increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations, the development of modern propulsion power puts forward higher requirements for engine design, and low emission technology has become one of the trends in the development of engine technology.

Staged and stratified combustion technology is the main technical means to achieve low-pollution combustion. The staged combustion technology generally consists of a duty class and a main combustion class. The duty stage ensures flame stability, and at the same time increases the air volume of the main combustion stage as much as possible, and improves the mixing of oil and gas in the main combustion stage. The stratified combustion technology organizes the combustion by layering the flame structure, which cleverly solves the contradiction between NOx emissions and lean fuel flameout in the idle state.

RQL (Rich Combustion-Quenching-Lean Combustion) combustion chamber is one of the effective schemes for staged combustion to reduce emissions. The basic method of combustion is to arrange an oil-rich combustion zone first, and then a large amount of air and the products of the combustion zone Rapid mixing, the equivalence ratio after mixing is less than 1, lean combustion is carried out in the subsequent area, and the gas enters the turbine after complete combustion. It is essentially an air-staged, low-pollution combustion solution. Strengthening the research on the combustion, cooling and quenching process in the oil-rich region is the current research focus for realizing RQL technology.

From the analysis of the level of low-pollution and low-emission combustion technology that has been applied to engines, it is difficult to meet the pollutant emission standards stipulated by current regulations only by applying one low-pollution and low-emission combustion technology. Therefore, the comprehensive application of various low-pollution and low-emission combustion technologies and the full use of the respective advantages of these technologies are the only way to develop the current engine low-pollution and low-emission combustion technology. Therefore, based on RQL staged combustion technology, this paper proposes a new way to organize combustion, hoping to obtain a combustion chamber design scheme with good emission performance.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a fuel self-oxidative cracking axial staged combustion chamber which has high conversion efficiency, can avoid the problem of carbon deposition, removes the quenching process and reduces NOx emissions.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved in this way: comprising a cracker, the shell of the cracker is equipped with an electrode joint, the end of the electrode joint extends into the nozzle pipeline, and the end of the motor joint is connected with an electrode, and the end of the electrode is connected There is a cyclone pressure rod, the end of the cyclone pressure rod is connected with a cyclone, the end of the nozzle pipe is equipped with a nozzle, and the cyclone is installed on the nozzle, and the upper end of the cracker is also vertically installed There is an oil inlet, the end of the oil inlet communicates with the nozzle pipeline, the cracker is also fixedly connected with an outer cylinder, the nozzle pipeline is equipped with an inner cylinder, and an ionizer is installed on the end surface of the inner cylinder connected to the nozzle pipeline. The passageway is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the end of the inner cylinder is connected with the combustion chamber body, and the upper end of the combustion chamber body is provided with a mixing hole.

The present invention also includes such structural features:

1. The nozzle extends into the inner cylinder.

2. The electrode connector is connected to the power supply through a cable.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention adopts pre-rich combustion of fuel oil to realize self-oxidative cracking of fuel, and then injects incomplete combustion gas directly into the combustion chamber for lean fuel combustion, eliminating the quenching process, which is beneficial to Combustion organization to avoid carbon deposits; the radial and axial grading of the combustion chamber structure is conducive to the mixing of cracked gaseous fuel and air to improve fuel conversion efficiency. The combustion method of oil can effectively reduce the NOx emission of the combustion chamber. That is to say, the present invention can improve the conversion efficiency, avoid the problem of carbon deposition, and the most important thing is that the quenching process is eliminated, and the premixing of gaseous fuel and the combustion mode of partial equivalence ratio can reduce the emission of NOx.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention is an axially graded combustion chamber designed based on the rich combustion-quenching-lean combustion technology, and is a high-efficiency combustion and low-emission combustion chamber.

In conjunction with Fig. 1, the present invention is an axially graded combustor for self-oxidative cracking of fuel, consisting of a cracker housing 1, an electrode joint 2, an electrode 3, a cyclone pressure rod 4, a cyclone 5, an ionization channel 6, and a Composed of air passage 7, mixing hole 8, oil inlet 9, nozzle assembly 10, inner cylinder 11, outer cylinder 12 and combustion chamber body 13, electrode connector 2 is installed on the left end of the cracker, and the cable is connected to power on; electrode 3 is connected to On the electrode joint 2, the cyclone 5 is installed on the nozzle 9; the cyclone pressure rod 4 is installed between the electrode 3 and the cyclone 5 to fix the cyclone 5; the oil inlet 9 is installed on the cracker The upper end; the outer cylinder 12 and the inner cylinder 11 are connected to the cracker and the nozzle pipe, and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are installed at the right end of the cracker, and the air inlet 7 is located between the outer cylinder 12 and the inner cylinder 11 for air intake; the ionization channel 6. Located on the end face of the inner cylinder at the end of the air inlet between the inner and outer cylinders. When starting to work, the ionization channel is energized to generate an arc. The combustion chamber body 13 is installed at the outlet of the inner cylinder 11. The mixing hole 8 is located on the combustion chamber body 13.

The fuel cracker is located at the front of the combustion chamber, the inner and outer sleeves are connected with the cracker, and the inner sleeve is connected with the combustion chamber. The air enters in reverse through the air inlet between the inner and outer cylinders, and after being mixed with fuel, it undergoes oxidative cracking in the inner cylinder, and the resulting high-temperature mixture enters the combustion chamber for deep combustion.

The fuel of the present invention undergoes autooxidative cracking at the head of the combustion chamber, and then enters the combustion chamber for deep combustion, thereby realizing staged combustion of the fuel. The object of the present invention is to propose a new way of organizing combustion based on RQL (rich combustion-quenching-lean combustion) staged combustion technology. The fuel enters the head of the combustion chamber and mixes with the air, and then oxidizes upon contact with the high-temperature plasma generated in the ionization channel. The equivalence ratio is controlled to be greater than 1, so that the fuel burns in an oil-rich state, and part of the heat released by fuel combustion is absorbed by the remaining fuel , and then cracked to produce flammable gaseous small molecule mixtures such as methane and hydrogen, so as to transform the oil-rich combustion zone of the combustion chamber into the autoxidative cracking zone of fuel. Thereafter, the high-temperature gaseous mixture enters the combustion chamber, and rapidly mixes with the air entering the mixing hole to produce a mixture with an equivalence ratio of less than 1 for lean combustion. The invention removes the quenching section of the combustion chamber, improves the conversion efficiency, avoids the problem of carbon deposition, and especially reduces the NOx emission of the combustion chamber

Combined with Figure 1, when the combustion chamber starts to work, the electrode connector 2 is connected to the cable and energized, and the air between the ionization channel 6 is broken down by the high-voltage arc to form an arc. When passing through the ionization channel, it is heated and ionized by the high-temperature arc to form plasma; the fuel is sprayed out from the nozzle 10 through the swirler 5, mixed with air, and the oil-gas mixture burns rapidly to form a stable flame after contacting the high-temperature plasma; The mixture enters the inner cylinder 11. At this time, the fuel-rich combustion is actually carried out in the inner cylinder. The equivalence ratio in the cavity is controlled to be greater than 1, so that the heat generated by part of the fuel combustion can be absorbed by the remaining fuel oil, and the process of autoxidation and cracking is carried out, forming an easy Combustion of highly active short carbon chain components, the oil-rich state of this process avoids the equivalent ratio combustion and effectively reduces the generation of NOx; the high-temperature mixture after cracking enters the combustion chamber body 13 through the outlet of the inner cylinder, and the high-temperature mixture rapidly Mixed with the air entering through the mixing hole, the oil-rich state is quickly changed to the lean state. At this time, secondary ignition is carried out to continue combustion. The combustion is carried out under the condition that the equivalence ratio is lower than 1, and the equivalence ratio combustion is avoided again. , to reduce NOx generation.

Claims (3)

1. the axially staged combustion chamber of fuel autoxidation cracking, it is characterized in that: comprise cracker, in the housing of cracker, electrode contact is installed, the end of electrode contact stretches in nozzle pipe, and the end of electric machine joint is connected with electrode, the end of electrode is connected with cyclone depression bar, the end of cyclone depression bar is connected with cyclone, the end of nozzle pipe is provided with nozzle, and described cyclone is arranged on nozzle, the upper end of cracker is also vertically provided with oil-in, the end of oil-in communicates with nozzle pipe, described cracker is also fixed with urceolus, described nozzle pipe is provided with inner core, the end face that inner core is connected with nozzle pipe is provided with ionization channels, formed between inner core and urceolus and carry out, the end of inner core is connected with combustion chamber body, combustion chamber body upper end is provided with blending hole.

2. the axially staged combustion chamber of a kind of fuel autoxidation according to claim 1 cracking, is characterized in that: described nozzle stretches in inner core.

3. the axially staged combustion chamber of a kind of fuel autoxidation according to claim 1 and 2 cracking, is characterized in that: electrode contact is connected with power supply by cable.