CN105019481A - Method for testing bearing capacity of foundation pile with dynamic stage loading method - Google Patents
Method for testing bearing capacity of foundation pile with dynamic stage loading method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105019481A CN105019481A CN201510385804.2A CN201510385804A CN105019481A CN 105019481 A CN105019481 A CN 105019481A CN 201510385804 A CN201510385804 A CN 201510385804A CN 105019481 A CN105019481 A CN 105019481A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the bearing capacity of a foundation pile with a dynamic stage loading method. The method comprises the following steps: axially applying dynamic load to the pile top of the foundation pile in a multi-stage manner, reporting the load, displacement and acceleration caused by the mass points of the pile body of the foundation pile being impacted in real time, and then analyzing the reported load, displacement and acceleration data to judge the vertical compression bearing capacity of the foundation pile. The dynamic stage loading method adopts progressive increase of equal-potential energy or progressive increase of load magnitude. A result analysis method comprises the following steps: obtaining the relationship between static resistance deducting dynamic resistance and inertia force under the dynamic stage loading action and pile top settlement, finally synthesizing the relationship between the static resistance of the pile top under east-stage loading action and the settlement, and therefore obtaining a final comprehensive relationship chart of load and settlement; determining the maximum bearing capacity of the pile according to the change condition of loading and settlement. Compared with a static load method, the method has the advantages of being short in a test cycle and high in testing efficiency, and the testing cost is reduced; the result is closer to the effect of the actual bearing capacity of the foundation pile, the test result is more accurate, and the method is efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of classification and apply the test of dynamic load pile bearing capacity and interpretation of result method, belong to pile bearing capacity vertical bearing capacity of single pile technical field of measurement and test, be suitable for cast-in-place concrete pile, prestressed pile, the foundation pile vertical bearing capacity that the pile body materials such as piling bar are higher detects.
Background technology
In prior art, the main method of testing of pile bearing capacity is static load method, the method of another test pile bearing capacity is " Large strain method ", " Large strain method " is a kind of dynamic test method, high strain power stake testing is with tension weight churning stake top, soil around pile is made to produce plastic strain, actual measurement stake top time-history curve between force and speed.Analyzed by wave theory, obtain the test method of pile-soil system Traits.
Current China land resources growing tension, the high-rise development trend of building trend, and a lot of building adopts pile foundation due to complicated geology, generally all adopt high bearing ability filling pile, piling bar Huo great Zhi street pile tube, evolutive scene first class, second class ground grade, bearing capacity all adopts static test by code requirement, static loading test all adopts accumulation load method mostly at present, heap carrying capacity thousand tonne at most, the static load expense of one pile tens0000 yuans at most, another one drawback is that the heavy wheel-load traffic transporting a large amount of heap loadings destroys serious to urban road, although high strain dynamic test quick and portably, but just a kind of indirect method, require very high to the overall qualities of testing staff, the overall qualities being engaged in high strain monitoring personnel due to China are uneven, the not analysis result of commensurate to same pile is caused to differ greatly, according to national inspection centers, the statistics of an examination on the spot is added up, the detection unit error that quality is higher can control within 20%, some detects the error comparatively large (worst error 120%) of the strong strain result of unit, therefore China's specification also limit the range of application of Large strain test of bearing capacity, the restriction of more than first class building uses, but the method has its advantage easily and fast.
There is following problem in traditional static load and Large strain loading test:
1. static load test generally adopts accumulation load method or heap anchor method, and testing cost is high, the test period is long, high to site requirements, test is dangerous greatly, heavy-duty truck transportation counterweight can cause damage to urban road.
2. the overall qualities of Large strain loading test to test and analyst require higher, and the result provided is the indirect consequence analyzed by wave theory.
Summary of the invention
The present invention for the deficiency that prior art exists, provides a kind of classification live load Loading Method pile bearing capacity method of testing, meets actual operation requirements just.
For solving the problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of classification live load Loading Method pile bearing capacity method of testing, axially staged applying dynamic load is pushed up to the stake of foundation pile, and the pile body particle of real time record foundation pile be subject to impacting produce load, displacement and acceleration, then carry out analyzing to judge the vertical anti-bearing capacity of foundation pile according to the load of record, displacement and acceleration information.
As technique scheme concrete preferably, the method that described classification applies dynamic load for wait potential energy to increase progressively or etc. load magnitude increase progressively.
As technique scheme concrete preferably, the method of the load after the pile body particle of real time record foundation pile is impacted, displacement and acceleration is: displacement adopts dynamic displacement sensor to measure, the dynamic loads that classification applies adopts stressometer or strain transducer to measure, and the real time acceleration after pile body particle is impacted adopts jerk acceleration transducer to measure.
As technique scheme concrete preferably, the load of described real time record, displacement and acceleration information comprise: quiet dynamic load F (i) under classification dynamic load
stn(kN) ~ time t (ms) curve, displacement components u (i) (mm) ~ time t (ms) curve, acceleration a (i) (kg/m
2) ~ time t (ms) curve, and comprehensive described quiet dynamic F (i)
stn(kN) ~ time t (ms) curve and described displacement components u (i) (mm) ~ time t (ms) curve and quiet dynamic load F (i) under the classification dynamic loads effect obtained
stn(kN) ~ u (i) displacement curve.
The letter character implication used in the present invention is as follows: i-correspondence point progression; M-pile quality; H-hoisting depth; U-dynamic displacement; F
stn-force model; T-time; Q-load; S-displacement.
Under classification dynamic loading, due to load hierarchical loading, pile-soil system action time lengthens, and decreases the dynamic resistance impact of pile-soil system.Therefore, as technique scheme concrete preferably, the described load according to record, displacement and acceleration information carry out analyzing judging that the method for the vertical anti-bearing capacity of foundation pile is as the sound resistance of surveying under dynamic load according to foundation pile, dynamic displacement, acceleration, speed, in conjunction with the mechanical characteristic of foundation pile, draw the average resistance coefficient of the pile-soil system of foundation pile under every grade of dynamic load, then the relation of the static resistance to deduct dynamic resistance and inertia force under classification dynamic loading after and pile head settlement is calculated, stake top static resistance under last comprehensive load action at different levels and the relation of sedimentation and draw load and settlement relationship figure, according to the maximum load-carrying capacity of the situation of change determination foundation pile of load and sedimentation in obtained load and settlement relationship figure.
As technique scheme concrete preferably, described wait potential energy to increase progressively or wait load magnitude to increase progressively method that classification applies dynamic load is: the distance that falls of control hammering equipment.
Compared with prior art, implementation result of the present invention is as follows in the present invention:
Classification live load Loading Method pile bearing capacity method of testing of the present invention, classification of the present invention applies dynamic load pile bearing capacity method of testing, has the test period short, the advantage that testing efficiency is high relative to static load method pile bearing capacity method of testing; Relative to " Large strain method " pile bearing capacity method of testing, due to classification load application, what load front is less, stake top movement velocity is less, and dynamic resistance composition is less, along with the increasing of load, because the collateral resistance of stake plays by what load front, later stage, pile reaction was based on end resistance, made this test method closer to the pile bearing capacity action effect of reality, test result improved strain method advantage more accurately.
In addition, the present invention uses the sensor being easy to execute-in-place and installation to measure the force model of stake under dynamic loading, displacement, acceleration information, namely the displacement after adopting the pile body particle of dynamic displacement sensor measurement foundation pile to be impacted, load after the pile body particle adopting stressometer or strain transducer to measure foundation pile is impacted, real time acceleration after the pile body particle adopting jerk acceleration transducer to measure foundation pile is impacted, displacement at pile top is that actual measurement obtains by the preposition integrator of acceleration transducer or dynamic displacement sensor, but not obtained by the digital integration of acceleration, load and displacement measurement more accurately can be obtained like this, thus it is more accurate to make test obtain data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is classification live load Loading Method pile bearing capacity method of testing structural representation of the present invention;
Wherein: 1 is guided way, 2 is guiding device, and 3 is hammering equipment, and 4 is strain transducer, and 5 is acceleration transducer, and 6 is datum line beam, and 7 is displacement transducer, and 8 is reference pegs, and 9 is guide device pedestal, and 10 is test pile, and 11 is data wire, and 12 is data acquisition equipment.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments content of the present invention is described.
Classification of the present invention applies dynamic load pile bearing capacity method of testing, is applied the distance that falls of hammer by hierarchical loading load, to the stake apical axis of foundation pile to according to the mode classification applying dynamic load waiting potential energy to increase progressively or to wait load rank to increase progressively.
Simultaneously the pile body particle of real time record foundation pile is subject to impacting the load that produces and displacement, acceleration, and particularly, displacement adopts dynamic displacement sensor to measure, and the dynamic loads that classification applies adopts stressometer or strain transducer to measure; Real time acceleration after pile body particle is impacted adopts jerk acceleration transducer to measure; The load of described real time record and displacement data comprise the quiet dynamic resistance F (i) under classification dynamic load
stn(kN) ~ time t (ms) curve and u (i) (mm) ~ time t (ms) curve, comprehensive described quiet dynamic resistance F (i)
stn(kN) ~ time t (ms) curve and described u (i) (mm) ~ time t (ms) curve, to obtain the quiet dynamic resistance F (i) under the effect of classification dynamic loads
stn(kN) ~ u (i) curve, the quiet dynamic resistance F (i) obtained
stn(kN) ~ u (i) curve has significantly different from the load Q ~ displacement S curve of static loading test, mainly under dynamic loads effect, stake resistance pack adopts certain rule-based algorithm containing the composition such as dynamic resistance, inertia force, deduct foundation pile motion inertia force and dynamic resistance under this grade of load, draw under classification load action close to the foundation pile static resistance of static loading test and the displacement of correspondence.
The feature that above-mentioned classification applies dynamic load pile bearing capacity method of testing is:
One, test adopts the classification load application similar with static load load mode:
The most original method of testing of pile bearing capacity is static load method, and the acceleration of foundation pile under classification load action is almost 0, and the bearing capacity obtained also is pile bearing capacity the most accurately; The method " Large strain method " of another quick bearing capacity is a kind of power Loading Method, and he is with tension weight churning stake top, makes soil around pile produce plastic strain, actual measurement stake top time-history curve between force and speed.Analyzed by wave theory, obtain the test method of pile-soil system Traits, Large strain method generally divides 2 ~ 3 to hit load application, load rank is to excite whole resistance situations of stake to apply next time, after applying hammer force, the acceleration of foundation pile may reach the acceleration of several g, the movement velocity v that stake receives after impact is also larger, the dynamic resistance composition that stake is surveyed is very large, due to by wave theory and curve fitting analysis, require higher to the overall qualities of analyst, the uniqueness difficulty or ease of result ensure, the test result randomness of different detection unit is larger, there is larger erroneous judgement risk.Present invention incorporates static load classification load application and Large strain applying dynamic load advantage easily, the dynamic load classification that will act on stake top applies, and the advantage that such classification applies has the benefit of following several respects:
from low to high, in low tonnage situation, the acceleration of motion of stake movement velocity and stake under dynamic loading is less for load, the power (force model) of the stake top that obtains actual measurement with in dynamic resistance composition less;
by the mechanical characteristic of stake in Large strain situation under impact load by once applying, be divided into multistage applying, be equivalent to the counter-force time lengthening provided of pile-soil system, pile-soil system total dynamic resistance and the composition of inertia force be reduced, static resistance composition is improved;
because load classification applies, according to the load transfer mechanism of stake, draw the collateral resistance composition situation of stake according to former grades of analysis results, the end resistance composition situation of stake can be obtained according to what analysis result rear.
What two, optimize foundation pile physical quantity under classification dynamic loading estimates equipment:
Two physical parameter tests that pile bearing capacity detects are most important, that is exactly load and displacement, traditional static load method is the parameter recording power with load sensor or oil pressure sensor, Large strain method is the parameter recording power with stress loop or foil gauge, the kinematic parameter of the stake that acceleration is surveyed, with regard to displacement: static load generally adopts displacement sensor, Large strain measures with acceleration transducer the dynamic displacement being obtained stake by 2 integrations, due to larger by digital integration error, this method does not adopt and obtains required stake by indirect integral way and push displacement, the present invention adopts dynamic displacement sensor directly to estimate the dynamic displacement of the stake of stake under dynamic load, the dynamic stress of foundation pile is read with adaptability to changes sensor or dynamic stress measurement, real time acceleration after being impacted with jerk acceleration transducer measurement pile body particle and speed.
Three, the concrete analysis principle of classification dynamic load method pile bearing capacity test is proposed:
The resistance of foundation pile soil that foundation pile produces under dynamic loading is by the actual static resistance of stake, dynamic resistance and inertia force composition, wherein dynamic resistance is made up of the damping force of soil and soil around pile interstitial hydraulic pressure, according to existing data, the resistance that the pore water pressure of stake in elongated situation produces is generally less than 5%, therefore, to simplify the analysis, the resistance that interstitial hydraulic pressure produces is considered as a part for the dynamic resistance of soil around pile, wherein the dynamic resistance of soil is relevant with the damped coefficient of the movement velocity of stake under dynamic load and pile-soil system, the inertia force of stake motion is relevant with the acceleration of motion of stake, according to the acceleration of motion of the stake that stake is surveyed under dynamic load, speed, in conjunction with the mechanical characteristic of the material time point of stake maximum displacement and maximum load under dynamic loading, draw the average resistance coefficient of the pile-soil system of stake under every grade of dynamic load, the time-histories relation curve deducting the static resistance after dynamic resistance and inertia force and pile head settlement under classification dynamic loading is obtained according to relevant mechanics equilibrium equation, pile top load under the nearly static load test of stake apical grafting under last comprehensive load action at different levels and settlement relationship, the load of comprehensive pile under different load action and settlement relationship figure, the maximum load-carrying capacity of stake is determined according to the situation of change of final pile top load and displacement relation soil.
Four, the load giving classification dynamic load method applies hammer operating type:
Under classification dynamic loading, load applies to hammer into shape and falls apart from the impact load applying different magnitude by difference, be divided into 2 kinds of applying modes, namely wait potential energy (mgh) and etc. magnitude load applying mode, Deng potential energy that is equidistantly increase progressively load application, etc. the action time length that magnitude load applying mode is according to pallet and jump bit, the one of the magnitude load such as a kind of approximate adopting strokes law to determine applies mode, which is according to piles with different cushion material and a kind of empirical relation table hammering a kind of different height of the fall and the corresponding dynamic load applied heavily provided by lot of experiments into shape, consult according to the sledgehammer scene of pallet and coupling and determine height of the fall during convenient test.
Five, the hammering equipment requirement that classification applies dynamic load is proposed:
Hammering equipment equipment and the Large strain of classification applying dynamic load are similar, be made up of hammering equipment and guide device, for keeping the validity of hierarchical loading and repeatedly applying the requirement of dynamic load, test hammer body requires to be made up of steel material, compared with high strain hammering equipment, the hammering equipment applying dynamic load unlike: classification needs to be equipped with and has the more accurate guided way that drops hammer, and has self Hoisting System, makes apart from adjustable and require that execute-in-place is convenient.
Six, the equipment and the software function that give classification applying dynamic load require:
[data collecting system] of the test of classification live load Loading Method pile bearing capacity has high speed dynamic signal acquisition and memory function; [data wire and sensor] system is made up of data wire, sensor, other auxiliary equipment; [hammering device systems] forms (band chute weight, band slide rail leading truck, leading truck bearing, weight Hoisting System) as shown in Figure 1 by 4 parts.
Classification live load Loading Method pile bearing capacity testing software is made up of data acquisition software, analysis software.
Wherein acquisition software comprises an optimum configurations, sensor parameters is arranged, classification load application type is arranged, test hammer weighs, corresponding load level hammer falls the parameter setting functions such as distance, data storage function.
Software for data analysis is drawn together test data and is imported, and initial data figure shows, engineering data Database, calculates, analysis result display, printing, the functions such as output report.
Known in sum, the innovation that classification of the present invention applies dynamic load pile bearing capacity testing and analysis method (being called for short: classification live load Loading Method pile bearing capacity method of testing) is: the classification also do not had in prior art applies the method for dynamic load test pile bearing capacity, static load test classification load application and Large strain method use tension weight churning load application to combine by the present invention, in conjunction with the mechanical balance equation of stake under dynamic force effect, and use dynamic displacement and the strain of modern technologies, the real-time surveying record equipment of acceleration information, computational analysis in conjunction with classification live load situation is theoretical, thus draw comparatively close to actual pile bearing capacity value.The method has reliable, the cost saving of test period short, data, to site requirements not high.Method test of the present invention is quiet dynamic resistance F (i) under can recording classification live load
stn(kN) ~ time t (ms) curve and u (i) (mm) ~ time t (ms) curve, comprehensive described quiet dynamic resistance F (i)
stn(kN) ~ time t (ms) curve and described u (i) (mm) ~ time t (ms) curve, to obtain the quiet dynamic resistance F (i) under the effect of classification dynamic loads
stn(kN) ~ u (i) curve, the quiet dynamic resistance F (i) obtained
stn(kN) ~ u (i) curve has significantly different from the load Q ~ displacement S curve of static loading test, mainly under dynamic loads effect, stake resistance pack adopts certain rule-based algorithm containing the composition such as dynamic resistance, inertia force, deduct foundation pile motion inertia force and dynamic resistance under this grade of load, draw under classification load action close to the foundation pile static resistance of static loading test and the displacement of correspondence.The parsing of result of the test is according to field measurement physical quantity achievement, and in conjunction with the dynamics of the material time point that stake is moved under dynamic load, using the equilibrium equation of stake under dynamic loading to carry out test achievement, necessary analysis draws.
Above content is detailed description made for the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, can not assert that the present invention specifically implements to be only limitted to these explanations.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a classification applies dynamic load pile bearing capacity method of testing, it is characterized in that, axially staged applying dynamic load is pushed up to the stake of foundation pile, and the pile body particle of real time record foundation pile be subject to impacting produce load, displacement and acceleration, then carry out analyzing to judge the vertical anti-bearing capacity of foundation pile according to the load of record, displacement and acceleration information.
2. classification as claimed in claim 1 applies dynamic load pile bearing capacity method of testing, it is characterized in that, the method that described classification applies dynamic load for wait potential energy to increase progressively or etc. load magnitude increase progressively.
3. classification as claimed in claim 2 applies dynamic load pile bearing capacity method of testing, it is characterized in that, the method of the load after the pile body particle of real time record foundation pile is impacted, displacement and acceleration is: displacement adopts dynamic displacement sensor to measure, the dynamic loads that classification applies adopts stressometer or strain transducer to measure, and the real time acceleration after pile body particle is impacted adopts jerk acceleration transducer to measure.
4. classification as claimed in claim 3 applies dynamic load pile bearing capacity method of testing, it is characterized in that, the load of described real time record, displacement and acceleration information comprise: quiet dynamic load F (i) under classification dynamic load
stn(kN) ~ time t (ms) curve, displacement components u (i) (mm) ~ time t (ms) curve, acceleration a (i) (kg/m
2) ~ time t (ms) curve, and comprehensive described quiet dynamic F (i)
stn(kN) ~ time t (ms) curve and described displacement components u (i) (mm) ~ time t (ms) curve and quiet dynamic load F (i) under the classification dynamic loads effect obtained
stn(kN) ~ u (i) displacement curve.
5. classification as claimed in claim 4 applies dynamic load pile bearing capacity method of testing, it is characterized in that, the described load according to record, displacement and acceleration information carry out analyzing judging that the method for the vertical anti-bearing capacity of foundation pile is as the sound resistance of surveying under dynamic load according to foundation pile, dynamic displacement, acceleration, speed, in conjunction with the mechanical characteristic of foundation pile, draw the average resistance coefficient of the pile-soil system of foundation pile under every grade of dynamic load, then the relation of the static resistance to deduct dynamic resistance and inertia force under classification dynamic loading after and pile head settlement is calculated, stake top static resistance under last comprehensive load action at different levels and the relation of sedimentation and draw load and settlement relationship figure, according to the maximum load-carrying capacity of the situation of change determination foundation pile of load and sedimentation in obtained load and settlement relationship figure.
6., as the classification as described in arbitrary in claim 2 to 5 applies dynamic load pile bearing capacity method of testing, it is characterized in that, described wait potential energy to increase progressively or wait load magnitude to increase progressively method that classification applies dynamic load is: the distance that falls of control hammering equipment.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN108560619A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-09-21 | 佛山市禅城区建设工程质量安全检测站 | The analysis method and system of dynamic test for pile foundation bearing capacity |
| CN109138004A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉工程大学 | A kind of analysis method of more hammering combined signal inverting pile bearing capacities |
| CN109339121A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-02-15 | 广州大学 | A kind of small-sized pile foundation dead load detection device and its detection method |
| CN110398418A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-01 | 西南交通大学 | The measurement device of train load is simulated in a kind of railway bed On-site Loading Test of Rc |
| CN111289374A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-16 | 许昌学院 | Novel quality detection system for cfg piles |
| CN111910694A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-10 | 河南牛帕力学工程研究院 | Pile foundation mechanical property detection method |
| CN112113535A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-22 | 南昌景睦科技有限公司 | Detector for detecting micro deformation of foundation excavation |
| CN112878387A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-06-01 | 安徽省建筑科学研究设计院 | Test system and method for simulating influence of top dynamic load on pile structure performance |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108560619A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-09-21 | 佛山市禅城区建设工程质量安全检测站 | The analysis method and system of dynamic test for pile foundation bearing capacity |
| CN109138004A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉工程大学 | A kind of analysis method of more hammering combined signal inverting pile bearing capacities |
| CN109138004B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-10-16 | 武汉工程大学 | Analysis method for multi-hammering signal joint inversion foundation pile bearing capacity |
| CN109339121A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-02-15 | 广州大学 | A kind of small-sized pile foundation dead load detection device and its detection method |
| CN109339121B (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2023-09-05 | 广州大学 | Small pile foundation static load detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN110398418A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-01 | 西南交通大学 | The measurement device of train load is simulated in a kind of railway bed On-site Loading Test of Rc |
| CN111289374A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-16 | 许昌学院 | Novel quality detection system for cfg piles |
| CN111910694A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-10 | 河南牛帕力学工程研究院 | Pile foundation mechanical property detection method |
| CN112113535A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-22 | 南昌景睦科技有限公司 | Detector for detecting micro deformation of foundation excavation |
| CN112878387A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-06-01 | 安徽省建筑科学研究设计院 | Test system and method for simulating influence of top dynamic load on pile structure performance |
| CN112878387B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2023-08-08 | 安徽省建筑科学研究设计院 | Test system and method for simulating influence of top dynamic load on pile structure performance |
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Application publication date: 20151104 |