CN105018775A - Preparation method of graphite/copper composite material for slide electric conduction - Google Patents
Preparation method of graphite/copper composite material for slide electric conduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105018775A CN105018775A CN201510384336.7A CN201510384336A CN105018775A CN 105018775 A CN105018775 A CN 105018775A CN 201510384336 A CN201510384336 A CN 201510384336A CN 105018775 A CN105018775 A CN 105018775A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a graphite/copper composite material for slide electric conduction. The preparation method of the graphite/copper composite material for slide electric conduction uses copper powder and zirconium powder for preparing mixed powder to wrap a graphite block; and the graphite block is infiltrated in vacuum with high temperature in a crucible to obtain the graphite/copper composite material. The preparation method permeates a copper/zirconium alloy into a graphite basal body without pressure under a vacuum condition, so that two phases of copper and graphite generate no stratification. As the graphite/copper composite material is prepared by an infiltration method, and a copper phase adopts a communication structure, a hindering effect on electronic transmission is reduced, and the electrical resistivity is prominently reduced compared with a traditional graphite/copper material electric brush.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a kind of sliding conduction graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material.
Background technology
Graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material integrates the good contact lubricated property of graphite, the high conductivity of low thermal expansivity and low density and copper, thermal conductivity and good ductility, thus there is good conduction, heat conduction, wear-resisting, the performance such as arc ablation resistance and anti-melting welding, be widely used as various welding electrode, the contact of electro-engineering switch, the ring header of generator, armature, rotor, the material such as electric locomotive pantograph sliding plate and empty frame contact wire.Current domestic produced in conventional processes brush material: mixed with copper powder by powdered graphite, mold pressing, sintering form, its wear resistance and intensity are regulated by adding pitch.But there is following problem in the standby graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material of prior powder metallurgy legal system: 1) because graphite differs comparatively large with the proportion of copper, be difficult to mix, easily occur component segregation; 2) even if copper and graphite wetting angle 1000 DEG C time, also up to 140 °, so the graphite of mechanical interlocked combination/copper boundary strength can only be leaned on lower, limits the application of copper one graphite composite material.
Researchist is had to improve graphite/copper interface cohesion by the method for carrying out powder metallurgy pressing sintering after graphite surface copper facing again.But graphite surface copper facing need increase the processing steps such as alligatoring, sensitization, activation, not only increases cost, and does not inherently improve graphite/copper interface bonding state.Have investigator to be prepared after supersaturated solid solution powdered alloy by it with different ratio and Graphite Powder 99 batch mixing by mechanical alloying, then compacting sintering technology prepare C/Cu-Cr matrix material.Also there is investigator to substitute graphite granule with graphite fibre and prepare graphite fibre/carbon/carbon-copper composite material, and plating Ti metalized modified is carried out to graphite fibre surface, to improve the situation that between graphite fibre and copper, wettability is poor and bonding force is weak.But above method complex process, cost is higher.And add the so all inevitable Carbide Phases at graphite/Cu Interface debond hard of carbide forming element of Cr, Ti.In this type of graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material use procedure, the compatible easy damaged of hard carbide that interface generates to the friction pair material of mill, causes more serious abrasive wear with it.
Summary of the invention
Content of the present invention is, complex process lower for graphite in prior art/carbon/carbon-copper composite material component segregation, intensity and the defect larger to friction pair material damage, provide the preparation method of a kind of sliding conduction graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material, it can be made to reach uniform composition, high strength, technique is simple and oilness is good object.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of preparation method of sliding conduction graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material, carries out according to following step:
Step one: take copper powder and zirconium powder is configured to mixed powder, is fully uniformly mixed;
Step 2: graphite block is placed in corundum crucible, with mixed powder embedding (parcel is buried) graphite block described in step one, the amount of mixed powder is buried as well can complete to wrap up completely graphite block;
Step 3: the corundum crucible being built-in with graphite block and mixed powder of step 2 is placed in vacuum oven, is warming up to holding temperature insulation after vacuumizing;
Step 4: after insulation terminates, furnace temperature is down to room temperature, takes out graphite block in crucible from stove, namely the copper alloy removing graphite block surface with machine-tooled method obtains graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material.
The preparation method of conventional graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material is powder metallurgic method, but due to copper and graphite density difference large, easily there is layering in copper and graphite two-phase skewness.The present invention penetrates in graphite matrix by with no pressure under vacuum for copper zirconium alloy, and copper and graphite two-phase there will not be demixing phenomenon.Owing to adopting infiltrating method to prepare graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material, copper is mutually in UNICOM's structure, and reduce the inhibition of electric transmission, resistivity has remarkable reduction than conventional graphite/copper product brush.
Conventional graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material prepared by powder metallurgic method, but due to the problem of copper and graphite wettability difference, it is sealed that copper and graphite two-phase interface are combined into machinery.The present invention penetrates in Copper substrate by with no pressure under vacuum for copper zirconium alloy, copper and graphite two Entropy density deviation relatively uniform, interface bond strength is high.The every mechanical performance index of graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material obtained by the inventive method shown in table 1 is all better than graphite/copper composite brush that prior powder metallurgy method prepares.
The Performance comparision of table 1 graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material and J102 copper-graphite brush
| Density/(gcm -3) | Impelling strength/(Jcm -2) | Bending strength/(MPa) | Resistivity/(μ Ω m) | Frictional coefficient | |
| Graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material | 2.7~3.5 | 2.5~4.5 | 40~55 | 0.8~3.5 | 0.14~0.3 |
| J201 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 38 | 5.3 | 0.18 |
Powder metallurgic method prepares graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material will improve interface cohesion, in graphite surface copper facing, namely need increase the processing steps such as alligatoring, sensitization, activation, improve cost.The present invention prepares graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material by the method for Spontaneous Melt Infiltration, and technique is simple, with low cost.
There is investigator to improve the wettability at charcoal/copper interface by adding the such carbide forming element of Ti, and then prepare composite material of carbon/carbon/copper by infiltrating method.Graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material is a type of composite material of carbon/carbon/copper.The present invention studies and finds to add the wettability that Zr element also can improve graphite/copper interface, and advantageously.Because the density of Zr element is 6.49g/cm
3, and Ti element density is 4.5g/cm
3if add the Zr powder of same massfraction 10wt% or Ti powder in Copper substrate, then the molar fraction of Zr is 12%, and the molar fraction of Ti is 18%.The molar fraction of the carbide forming element added is larger, and the carbide that interface generates is more.In graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material use procedure, the compatible easy damaged of hard carbide that interface generates is with it to the friction pair material of mill, and the generation of therefore selecting Zr unit usually to reduce carbide contributes to protecting friction pair material.
As a kind of optimal way: in step one, in mixed powder, the massfraction of zirconium powder is 5% ~ 15%.Adopt the mixing of this ratio can strengthen the copper zirconium alloy efficiency penetrated in graphite matrix with no pressure under vacuum.
As a kind of optimal way: in step 2, graphite block adopts mold pressing or fashion of extrusion to obtain, and graphite granule degree is 0.8mm, and density is 1.6 ~ 2.2g/cm
3, bending strength 15 ~ 35MPa, this optimum condition effectively can improve the performance of sliding conduction graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material, larger with this optimum condition difference, and the sliding conduction graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material performance after completing is poorer.
As a kind of optimal way: in step 3, the vacuum tightness of vacuum oven is 10
-3~ 20Pa, holding temperature is 1150 ~ 1400 DEG C, soaking time 20 ~ 60 minutes, and this condition is the condition of best infiltration.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
The experiment material of the present embodiment is density is 1.6g/cm
3die-pressed graphite block, bending strength 18MPa, graphite blank is of a size of 10*10*50mm
3.Specific implementation method: the first step, takes copper powder and zirconium powder is configured to 30g mixed powder, and the massfraction of zirconium powder is 5wt.%, is fully uniformly mixed in crucible; Second step, is placed in corundum crucible by graphite block, embeds graphite block completely with mixed powder; 3rd step, is placed in vacuum oven by the corundum crucible that graphite block and mixed powder are housed, and is warming up to 1300 DEG C after being evacuated to 15Pa, stops heating after insulation 60min; 4th step, after furnace temperature is down to room temperature, takes out graphite block in crucible from stove, and the copper alloy on graphite block surface is milled and obtain graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material.Its flexural strength>=50MPa, impelling strength>=2.8J/cm
2, resistivity≤1u Ω m, frictional coefficient≤0.3.
Embodiment 2:
The experiment material of the present embodiment is density is 1.8g/cm
3die-pressed graphite block, folding strength 21MPa, graphite blank is of a size of 10*10*50mm
3.Specific implementation method: the first step, takes copper powder and zirconium powder is configured to 30g mixed powder, and the massfraction of Zr powder is 8wt.%, is fully uniformly mixed in crucible; Second step, is placed in ceramic crucible by graphite block, embeds graphite block with mixed powder; 3rd step, is placed in vacuum oven by the corundum crucible being built-in with graphite block and mixed powder, is warming up to 1200 DEG C after being evacuated to 0.1Pa, stops heating after insulation 30min; 4th step, after furnace temperature is down to room temperature, takes out graphite block in crucible from stove, and the copper alloy on graphite block surface is milled and obtain graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material.Its flexural strength>=45MPa, impelling strength>=2.3J/cm
2, resistivity≤4.5u Ω m, frictional coefficient≤0.2.
Embodiment 3:
The experiment material of the present embodiment is density is 1.8 g/cm
3die-pressed graphite block, folding strength 21MPa, graphite blank is of a size of 10*10*50mm
3.Specific implementation method: the first step, takes copper powder and zirconium powder is configured to 30g mixed powder, and the massfraction of zirconium powder is 15wt.%, is fully uniformly mixed in crucible; Second step, is placed in corundum crucible by graphite block, embeds graphite block with mixed powder; 3rd step, is placed in vacuum oven by the ceramic crucible being built-in with graphite block and mixed powder, is warming up to 1300 DEG C after being evacuated to 15Pa, stops heating after insulation 60min; 4th step, after furnace temperature is down to room temperature, takes out graphite block in crucible from stove, and the copper alloy on graphite block surface is milled and obtain graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material.Its flexural strength>=50MPa, impelling strength>=2.7J/cm
2, resistivity≤3.5u Ω m, frictional coefficient≤0.3.
Claims (4)
1. a preparation method for sliding conduction graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material, is characterized in that carrying out according to following step:
Step one: take copper powder and zirconium powder is configured to mixed powder, is fully uniformly mixed;
Step 2: graphite block is placed in corundum crucible, with the mixed powder embedding graphite block described in step one;
Step 3: the corundum crucible being built-in with graphite block and mixed powder of step 2 is placed in vacuum oven, is warming up to holding temperature insulation after vacuumizing;
Step 4: after insulation terminates, furnace temperature is down to room temperature, takes out graphite block in crucible from stove, namely the copper alloy removing graphite block surface with machine-tooled method obtains graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material.
2. the preparation method of a kind of sliding conduction graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step one, in mixed powder, the massfraction of zirconium powder is 5% ~ 15%.
3. the preparation method of a kind of sliding conduction graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2, and graphite block adopts mold pressing or fashion of extrusion to obtain, and graphite granule degree is 0.8mm, and density is 1.6 ~ 2.2g/cm
3, bending strength 15 ~ 35MPa.
4. the preparation method of a kind of sliding conduction graphite/carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 3, and the vacuum tightness of vacuum oven is 10
-3~ 20Pa, holding temperature is 1150 ~ 1400 DEG C, soaking time 20 ~ 60 minutes.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109574667A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-05 | 深圳大学 | A kind of brush preparation method of low-friction coefficient long-life |
| CN109762282A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-05-17 | 中南大学 | A kind of preparation method of copper-graphite-ptfe composite |
| EP3789367A1 (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-10 | Southwest Jiaotong University | Method of preparing high-conductivity pantograph carbon contact strip |
| EP3308995B1 (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2021-05-12 | SNCF Mobilités | Pantograph wearing strip and pantograph equipped with such a wearing strip |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101109060A (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-01-23 | 中南大学 | Carbon fabric integer fabric carbon-copper composite material and method of manufacturing thereof |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101109060A (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-01-23 | 中南大学 | Carbon fabric integer fabric carbon-copper composite material and method of manufacturing thereof |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3308995B1 (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2021-05-12 | SNCF Mobilités | Pantograph wearing strip and pantograph equipped with such a wearing strip |
| CN109574667A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-05 | 深圳大学 | A kind of brush preparation method of low-friction coefficient long-life |
| CN109762282A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-05-17 | 中南大学 | A kind of preparation method of copper-graphite-ptfe composite |
| EP3789367A1 (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-10 | Southwest Jiaotong University | Method of preparing high-conductivity pantograph carbon contact strip |
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