CN105010215A - Recirculation aquaculture system design device and method based on flow control - Google Patents
Recirculation aquaculture system design device and method based on flow control Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000036387 respiratory rate Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001014350 Cynoglossus semilaevis Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001364 causal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000026676 system process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a recirculation aquaculture system design device based on flow control and a recirculation aquaculture system design method based on flow control. Firstly, basic parameters are set according to farmed species, a system total flow is calculated through calculating a farming biological system oxygen consumption amount and according to inlet and outlet water dissolved oxygen concentration, then a mechanical filter parameter is calculated to carry out model selection, a flotation tank volume and efficiency are calculated and model selection is carried out, the parameter of a biological filter is calculated again and the model selection of the biological filter is carried out, a biological filter oxygen consumption amount is obtained according to a total ammonia nitrogen production amount, and an air inflation amount is calculated according to the biological filter oxygen consumption amount. According to the recirculation aquaculture system design device and the method, a circulating water culture system is subjected to modular decomposition, a user can determines the parameter of each module according to breed biological characteristics and local environment characteristics, the method of the design and production of a corresponding module by an industrial enterprise and assembly by the user is used to establish a circulating water culture system, and the operation and maintenance are convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquacultural engineering technical field, particularly relate to a kind of circulating water culture system design apparatus based on flow-control and method.
Background technology
The core of circulating water cultivation is circulating water culture system (Recirculation aquaculture systems, RAS), RAS has the formula factory aquaculture system that breeding water purified treatment function can carrying out recycles, it is characterized in that removing by methods such as physics, chemistry, biologies each metabolic waste produced in breeding process or degrading, and recycle.RAS is a kind of high-density cultivation system, by the respectively process of each constituent components of system to breeding water, the 90-99% of breeding water can be made at most to be recovered utilization, and this makes accurately to control breeding environment and water quality parameter becomes possibility, thus reaches best cultivating condition.
But also there are the restraining factors such as design is complicated, cost is high, operation cost is high, operation management difficulty is large in circulating water culture system.In addition, water circulation also causes higher power cost, and water reuse ratio higher, corresponding cost increase is also more.
In general, RAS comprises the parts such as the disinfection apparatus of culturing pool, mechanical filter, biofilter, water pump system and control causal organism.Because RAS design is extremely complicated, only have the domestic and international R&D institution of minority and enterprise that a complete set of circulating water culture system can be provided to design at present.But because cultivation unit personnel lacks the circulating water cultivation knowwhy of system, user is difficult to the functional characteristics understanding various equipment and facility, and Operation and Maintenance difficulty is large, and due to circulating water cultivation be high density intensive culture, once there is equipment operation failure, the loss caused is very big.
Summary of the invention
For the problem that current RAS operation cost is high, the present invention proposes to carry out system based on the method for flow-control, at utmost reduces water circulation energy consumption, cuts operating costs; Not easily grasp for system, operating difficulties, the problems such as existing method for designing is loaded down with trivial details, provide a kind of circulating water culture system design apparatus based on flow-control and method, it has modularized design, and parameter designing is easy, and calculating process is succinct, convenient operation.Circulating water culture system is carried out modularization decomposition, and user according to aquaculture organism feature and local environment feature, can determine the parameter of each module, produces corresponding module by Design of Industrial Enterprises, and the method for user's assembling builds circulating water culture system.Due to the clearly each part function of user, feature, also facilitate its operation and maintenance.
Circulating water culture system design apparatus adopts the selection designing method based on flow-control, and calculation element comprises system oxygen supply and flow parameter calculation element, mechanical filter parameter calculation apparatus, flotation tank parameter calculation apparatus, biofilter parameter calculation apparatus; First determine to cultivate basic parameter according to cultivation characteristic, device inputs basic parameter value, first by system oxygen supply and flow parameter calculation element, again by mechanical filter apparatus, again by flotation tank parameter calculation apparatus, finally by biofilter parameter calculation apparatus, calculate respective relevant parameter respectively.
Type selecting device working procedure is:
Step one, determine basic parameter, first will according to breed variety and ability setting RAS control temperature, maximum cultivation density, cultivation fish average weight, the culturing pool depth of water, the culturing pool gross area, then breeding water body cumulative volume, maximum biomass is calculated, maximum biomass, the bait situation of finally throwing something and feeding according to breed variety and plan sets rate of throwing something and feeding, and calculates day maximum feeding volume;
Step 2, computing system oxygen supply and flow parameter, calculate aquaculture organism system oxygen demand by maximum biomass and aquaculture organism unit respiratory rate parameter, then according to water-in and water-out oxyty, calculate system total flow;
Step 3, calculating machine filter parameter, according to aquaculture organism digestibility and maximum day feeding volume can estimate a day solid waste output (P
sS), then according to system total flow and day solid waste yield meter calculate solid waste average day concentration, estimate mechanical filter concentration index and suitable mechanical filtration efficiency, thus type selecting carried out to mechanical filter;
Step 4, calculating flotation tank parameter, flotation tank volume can be calculated in the time that flotation tank stops according to system total flow and estimation water, according to day solid waste output and mechanical filter remove the amount of solid that solid waste output obtains needing flotation tank to remove day, obtain flotation tank efficiency parameters, thus type selecting is carried out to flotation tank volume and efficiency;
Step 5, calculate biofilter parameter, deduct according to bait day feeding volume amount of solid that flotation tank and mechanical filter remove calculates total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) again generation (P in conjunction with the nitrogen content in protein content, protein in bait
tAN), then calculate a day amount of makeup water according to estimation day maximum the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, then show that every day, biofilter needed the amount of the TAN transformed in conjunction with the concentration of water outlet total ammonia nitrogen, then according to expection rate of nitrification R
ncalculate required nitrification area S
n, then draw biofilter material volume V according to the biofilter material specific surface area selected
biofilm, and biofilter oxygen consumption draws according to total ammonia nitrogen generation, then can according to this numerical computations air charge.
Circulating water culture system design apparatus, manually inputs basic parameter and industry experience value parameter at device interface: breed variety, temperature of cultivation, the highest cultivation density, cultivation fish average weight, the culturing pool depth of water, the culturing pool gross area, maximum cultivation quantity, to throw something and feed rate, culturing pool water inlet dissolved oxygen, culturing pool goes out water-soluble oxygen, solid waste estimates percentage, mechanical filter efficiency, the air-flotation process time, air supporting solids clearance, protein content in feed, aquaculture water TAN concentration, the maximum the concentration of nitrate nitrogen of aquaculture water, estimate rate of nitrification, filtrate specific surface area, the filtrate degree of depth, after input unit, is provided with formula operation unit in device, be culturing pool volume through computing Output rusults, maximum biomass, maximum cultivation quantity, day maximum feeding volume, aquaculture organism oxygen demand, flow system flow, solid waste generation, mechanical filter filter capacity, total solid matters on average flows into concentration, the highest inflow concentration of total solid matters, total solid matters aqueous concentration, total solid matters mechanical filter removal amount, flotation tank volume, air supporting solids removal amount, TAN generation, system amount of makeup water, TAN biofiltration removal amount, required nitrated area, filtrate volume, filtrate area occupied, biofilter oxygen demand, can complete mechanical filter to circulating water culture system according to these results, flotation tank, the Selection and Design of biofilter.
Adopt the selection method based on flow-control, namely first first computing system oxygen supply and flow parameter is come by basic parameter, aquaculture organism system oxygen demand is calculated by maximum biomass and aquaculture organism unit respiratory rate parameter, again according to water-in and water-out oxyty, machine calculation system total flow, calculates mechanical filter, flotation tank, the parameter of biofilter and type selecting according to system total flow afterwards.
Its theoretical calculation method is as follows:
Basic parameter is determined, first the parameters such as RAS control temperature, maximum cultivation density, cultivation fish average weight, the culturing pool depth of water to be set according to breed variety, according to the cultivation ability determination culturing pool gross area, then breeding water body cumulative volume, maximum biomass (BM) is calculated, the parameters such as maximum biomass, the bait situation of finally throwing something and feeding according to breed variety and plan sets rate of throwing something and feeding, and calculates day maximum feeding volume.
System oxygen supply and flow parameter are determined, oxygen consumption in culturing pool is mainly spontaneous nitrification oxygen consumption in aquaculture organism oxygen consumption and water, ignoring under the nitrification oxygen consumption prerequisite in culturing pool, in order to ensure dissolved oxygen in water supply, flow system flow can be calculated by following formula:
In formula: Q
s---flow system flow, L/day; R
dOfsih---aquaculture organism oxygen total flow, kg/day; C
dOinwater inlet oxyty, mg/L; C
dOout---water outlet oxyty, mg/L.
Water inlet dissolved oxygen height determines culturing pool dissolved oxygen deliverability, and generally, this value is set in 14mg/L (28 DEG C, 200% degree of saturation), as needed higher oxygen supply amount, needs to use pure oxygen as oxygen supply source.C
dOoutfor rear dissolved oxygen in water concentration is breathed in cultured fishes, in theory, cultured fishes minimum requirements oxyty can be arranged to, but in order to ensure that fish grow fast, this value can not arrange too low, being generally located at more than 5mg/L (28 DEG C, 70% degree of saturation).
Aquaculture organism oxygen demand can calculate simply by unit respiratory rate and aquaculture organism amount:
R
Dofish＝R
fish×BM×24×10
-6(2)
In formula: R
fish---aquaculture organism unit respiratory rate, mg/ (kgh); BM---system maximum biomass, kg;
Wherein aquaculture organism unit consumption rate can be determined according to the Biological characteristics of aquaculture organism.
Mechanical filter parameter is determined, mechanical filter can remove the solid waste be made up of residual bait and ight soil in RAS, high-quality feed of joining only can leave few residual bait, and the quantity of ight soil is determined by aquaculture organism digestibility, general manufactured feed, the solid waste of 20% ~ 40% can be formed, according to this ratio and maximum day feeding volume can calculate a day solid waste output (P
sS).The total solids concentration entering mechanical filter is:
In formula: C
sSin---mechanical filter enters the equal solids concentration of level, mg/L; P
sS---solids gross yield, kg/day; Q
s---flow system flow.
Because RAS cultivates feature, solids is mainly concentrated when bait throwing in and after digestion and is produced, and can think that solids concentrates generation time to be 4h, therefore when determining mechanical filter parameter, maximum water inlet SS concentration can not lower than 6 of mean concentration times.According to parameters such as above-mentioned flows, carry out mechanical filter type selecting, and according to the filter efficiency of mechanical filter, can the solids removal amount of calculating machine filter:
R
MSS＝P
SS×E
MSS(4)
In formula: R
mSS---mechanical filter solids removal amount, kg/day; E
mSS---mechanical filter efficiency, %.
Flotation tank parameter is determined, the tiny solid thing that mechanical filter can not be removed can be removed further by the equipment such as Protein Skimmer, flotation tank, mainly flotation tank is discussed herein.Pneumatically supported effect depends on diameter, the solid and gas liquor ratio of bubble, the factors such as solid surface activity material.According to flotation tank designing requirement, the available depth of flotation tank generally gets 2.0 ~ 2.5m, and in pond, the current time of staying is generally 10 ~ 20min; The volume required for flotation tank can be calculated:
In formula: V
foam---flotation tank volume, m
3; t
foam---water in the air supporting time of staying, min.
Flotation tank generally can remove the solids of 30% ~ 80%, according to the efficiency of flotation tank, can calculate the amount that flotation tank removes solids:
R
FSS＝(P
SS-R
MSS)×E
PSS(6)
In formula: R
fSS---air supporting solids removal amount, kg/day; E
fSS---flotation tank removal efficiency, %.
Biofilter parameter is determined, biofilter is the core of RAS, and its function is decomposed by the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) produced in breeding process, and from the water that biofilter flows out, ammonia-nitrogen content reaches breeding water requirement.Under the prerequisite ignoring fish nitrogen assimilation, the generation of total ammonia nitrogen can be represented by Percent protein in feed:
P
TAN＝(FA-R
MSS-R
FSS)×PC×6.5％ (7)
In formula: FA---bait day feeding volume, kg/day; PC---protein content in bait, %; 6.5%---nitrogen content in protein.
TAN in water, by nitrification, is converted into nitrate, in order to amount of makeup water can be calculated by following formula by biofilter:
In formula: Q---amount of makeup water, L/day; N
max---maximum the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, mg/L.
Supplementing water will be warmed up to cultivating system design temperature, and thus the amount of supplementing water determines the energy that intensification consumes, and supplementary requirement is as far as possible low, generally can not exceed 10% of system total Water.Maximum the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is the nitrate nitrogen upper limit in system, can arrange, generally can be set to 150 ~ 200mg/L according to fish are raw to the tolerance degree of nitrate nitrogen.Water outlet total ammonia nitrogen concentration is determined by cultured fishes tolerance level, and it is all safe that most of fish are set to 1.8 ~ 2.0mg/L, and biofilter needs the amount of the TAN transformed can be calculated by following formula every day:
R
TAN＝P
TAN-C
out×Q×10
-6(9)
In formula: R
tAN---the total ammonia nitrogen amount that every day removes, kg/day; C
out---the concentration of water outlet total ammonia nitrogen, mg/L.
Biofilter is made up of the biofilter material of porous, and the hole on biofilter material is nitrification place, and nitrification area can use formulae discovery below:
In formula: S
n---required nitrification area, m
2; R
n---expection rate of nitrification, g/ (m
2day).
Rate of nitrification and system water temperature are directly proportional, and scope is from 0.15 to 1g/ (m
2day), most of RAS can reach 0.5g/ (m
2day).The specific surface area numerical value of various different biofilter material is different, and scope is at 100 ~ 300m
2/ m
3between, the volume of biofilter can be calculated by following formula:
In formula, V
biofilm---biofilter material volume, m
3; S---filtrate specific surface area, m
2/ m
3.
The nitration reaction process oxygen demand of carrying out in biofilter is very large, and according to basic biochemistry reaction equation, the TAN of every 1g is oxidized to the oxygen that nitrate needs oxygen consumption 4.57g.Thus biofilter oxygen consumption can be calculated by following formula:
R
BNOD＝R
TAN×4.57 (12)
Biofilter-as use fan blower to utilize air oxygenation, carry out aeration simultaneously, can according to this numerical computations air charge.
According to above-mentioned theoretical calculation method, by respective formula design electronic software, such as in electrical form interface, press cultivation and design experiences determining section parameter, final certainty annuity parameter.In electrical form, after being inputted by the index relevant parameter being denoted as manually input, other relevant parameters can be calculated, and when input parameter changes, relevant parameter calculates change automatically.Design the component part such as mechanical filter, comprehensive flotation tank, biofilter, sterilization oxygenation pond in systems in which, finally determine design according to process chart.
Table 1 circulating water culture system parameter designing table
Note: the letter in * bracket represents this and is listed in row number in electrical form;
* gauge outfit occupies the first and second row;
The formula related in digitized representation literary composition in * * bracket.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: circulating water culture system design apparatus schematic diagram
Fig. 2: circulating water culture system process chart
Embodiment
The design how carrying out a complete circulation is described with specific embodiment:
Data acquisition, and basic parameter are determined:
To design a set of Cynoglossus semilaevis circulating water culture system, designing maximum cultivation density is 60kg/m
3, listing specification is defined as average every tail 1500g.Electrical form shown in relevant parameter input table 1, calculates other parameters automatically.
According to Cynoglossus semilaevis Biological characteristics, the culturing pool depth of water is designed to 0.5m.The breeding water body of system according to the situation design of construction place, also can calculate with expected volume and maximum cultivation density.According to construction place in this example, be set to 1280m
2, therefore the aquaculture water scale of construction of system is 640m
3.
The maximum cultivation density of circulating water culture system can reach 100kg/m
3above, consider that Cynoglossus semilaevis can not make full use of Water space, maximum cultivation density is designed to 60kg/m
2, the maximum cultivation amount of system is 38400kg.This system intends plan cultivation more than 500g large gauge adult fish, and going out pond specification plan is 1500g/ tail, and whole system can cultivate about 25600 tails.
According to cynoglossus semilaevis cultivation feature, drafting the day rate of throwing something and feeding is 0.8%, maximum day feeding volume be 307.20kg/day.
Computation cycles water cultivating system flow:
Be set to 55mg/ (kgh) according to the consumption rate of Cynoglossus semilaevis, the oxygen consumption calculating fish according to formula (2) is 50.69kg/day.If water inlet dissolved oxygen is 16mg/L, going out water-soluble oxygen is 7mg/L, and calculate as meeting oxygen supply demand according to formula (1), minimum discharge is 6532000L/day, i.e. 3911.11L/min.
Final design operational factor 4000L/min, the highlyest can reach 6000L/min.
Mechanical filter parameter calculates:
Feed becomes solid waste and estimates that percentage is set to 25%, according to feedstuff feeding amount, solid waste 76.80kg/day will be produced, according to formula (3), calculating water body solids on average flows into as 13.64mg/L, and peak concentration can reach 81.82mg/L.Assuming that mechanical filter efficiency is 60%, can calculates mechanical filter can remove 30.72kg/day according to formula (4), the overall substrate concentration of water outlet is 8.18mg/L.
By indexs such as discharges, finally determine that mechanical filter is by maximum processing capability 360m
3/ h, maximum water inlet solids concentration 100mg/L, exceed water solid substrate concentration 8mg/L most, treatment effeciency is not less than 60% and carries out design selection.
Comprehensive flotation tank parameter calculates:
This example adopts dispersed-air floatation pond, and by flotation tank designing requirement, the air-flotation process time can not lower than 10min, and air-flotation process elevation is not less than 2.5m.By formula (5), flotation tank minimum volume can be calculated.Assuming that flotation tank treatment effeciency is 30%, can calculating air supporting according to formula (6), to remove the amount of solids be 13.82kg/day.
Final comprehensive flotation tank is not less than 30% by inflow water total solid matters 10mg/L, processing time 10min, treatment effeciency and goes design.
Biofilter parameter calculates:
Cynoglossus semilaevis adult fish culture need be thrown something and fed the manufactured feed of more than 50% protein content, and calculating system TAN gross yield by formula (7) is 8.54kg/day.In culturing pool, total ammonia nitrogen controls within 1.00mg/L, at keeping system nitric nitrogen content not higher than below 150mg/L, is 56908.80L/day according to the rate of water make-up of formula (8) computing system, i.e. about 57m
3/ day.
By formula (9), calculating biofilter TAN removal amount is 8.48kg/day.Biofilter rate of nitrification is about 0.1 ~ 1.0g/ (m
2day), this programme is decided to be 0.4g/ (m
2day), biofilter material material determines specific surface area, and this programme plan specific surface area is 200m
2/ m
3filtrate, automatically can calculate area needed for biofiltration is 21198.53m
2(formula 10), volume are 105.99m
3(formula 11).If biofilter elevation is set to 2.5m, then the area of biofilter need take 42.40m
2.
The total oxygen demand calculating biofilter according to formula (12) is 38.75kg/day.
Finally determine biofilter parameter: biofilter material volume is no less than 120m
3, specific surface area is not less than 200m
2/ m
3, process discharge reaches flow system flow requirement, dissolved oxygen content is not less than 40kg/day.
Other parameters calculate:
Water circulating pump parameter: with 2 for 1, satisfied operation is not less than 4000L/min, is the highlyest not less than the requirement of 6000L/min circular flow.
Sterilization pool parameter: reach Disinfection Effect.
Oxygenation parameter: be not less than the requirement of pure oxygen 50.69kg/day solvability.
Temperature control parameter: system water temperature 19 ± 2 DEG C.
Final master-plan and the lectotype selection carrying out scheme according to above-mentioned parameter, completes the construction of overall circulating water cultivation cultivating system.System, through operation test, can reach design standard.
Although contrast above preferred embodiment, is described embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiments and applications field, and above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic, guiding, instead of restrictive.Those skilled in the art specification enlightenment under, do not departing under the ambit that the claims in the present invention protect, can also make a lot of simple change, these all belong to the row of the present invention's protection.
Claims (6)
1. a circulating water culture system design apparatus, is characterized in that, it adopts the selection designing method based on flow-control, calculation element comprises system oxygen supply and flow parameter calculation element, mechanical filter parameter calculation apparatus, flotation tank parameter calculation apparatus, biofilter parameter calculation apparatus; First determine to cultivate basic parameter according to cultivation characteristic, device inputs basic parameter value, first by system oxygen supply and flow parameter calculation element, then carries out calculating parameter by mechanical filter apparatus, again by flotation tank parameter calculation apparatus, finally by biofilter parameter calculation apparatus.
2. circulating water culture system design apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, type selecting device working procedure is: step one, determine basic parameter, first will according to breed variety and ability setting RAS control temperature, maximum cultivation density, cultivation fish average weight, the culturing pool depth of water, the culturing pool gross area, then breeding water body cumulative volume, maximum biomass is calculated, maximum biomass, the bait situation of finally throwing something and feeding according to breed variety and plan sets rate of throwing something and feeding, and calculates day maximum feeding volume; Step 2, computing system oxygen supply and flow parameter, calculate aquaculture organism system oxygen demand by maximum biomass and aquaculture organism unit respiratory rate parameter, then according to water-in and water-out oxyty, calculate system total flow; Step 3, calculating machine filter parameter, according to aquaculture organism digestibility and maximum day feeding volume can estimate day solid waste output, again according to system total flow and day solid waste yield meter calculate solid waste average day concentration, estimate mechanical filter concentration index and suitable mechanical filtration efficiency, thus type selecting is carried out to mechanical filter; Step 4, calculating flotation tank parameter, flotation tank volume can be calculated in the time that flotation tank stops according to system total flow and estimation water, according to day solid waste output and mechanical filter remove the amount of solid that solid waste output obtains needing flotation tank to remove day, obtain flotation tank efficiency parameters, thus type selecting is carried out to flotation tank volume and efficiency; The parameter of step 5, calculating biofilter, amount of solid that flotation tank and mechanical filter remove calculates total ammonia nitrogen again generation Ptan in conjunction with the nitrogen content in protein content, protein in bait is deducted according to bait day feeding volume, a day amount of makeup water is calculated again according to estimation day maximum the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, show that every day, biofilter needed the amount of the TAN transformed in conjunction with the concentration of water outlet total ammonia nitrogen again, then according to expection rate of nitrification R
ncalculate required nitrification area S
n, then draw biofilter material volume V according to the biofilter material specific surface area selected
biofilm, and biofilter oxygen consumption draws according to total ammonia nitrogen generation, then can according to this numerical computations air charge.
3. circulating water culture system design apparatus according to claim 2, wherein system water flow Q
scan be calculated by following formula: Q
s=R
dOfish/ [(C
dOin-C
dOout) × 10
-6], R
dOfishfor oxygen total flow, C
dOinfor water inlet oxyty, C
dooutfor water outlet oxyty; Aquaculture organism oxygen demand can calculate simply by aquaculture organism unit respiratory rate and aquaculture organism amount: R
dOfish=R
fish× BM × 24h/day × 10
-6, R
fishfor aquaculture organism unit respiratory rate, BM is system maximum biomass; The total solids concentration of mechanical filter is: C
sSin=P
sS× 10
6/ Q
s, C
sSinfor mechanical filter enters the equal solids concentration of level, P
sSfor solids gross yield; R
mSS=P
sS× E
mSS, R
mSSfor mechanical filter solids removal amount, E
mSSfor mechanical filter efficiency; According to flotation tank designing requirement, the available depth of flotation tank generally gets 2.0 ~ 2.5m, the current time of staying (t in pond
foam) be generally 10 ~ 20min; The volume required for flotation tank can be calculated: V
foam=t
foam× Q
s/ (1.44 × 10
-6), V
foamfor flotation tank volume; Flotation tank generally can remove the solids of 30% ~ 80%, according to the efficiency of flotation tank, can calculate the amount that flotation tank removes solids: R
fSS=(P
sS-R
mSS) × E
fSS, R
fSSfor air supporting solids removal amount, E
fSSfor flotation tank removal efficiency; The generation of biofilter parameter determination total ammonia nitrogen can be represented by Percent protein in feed: P
tAN=(FA-R
mSS-R
fSS) × PC × 6.5%, P
tANfor system total ammonia nitrogen output, FA is bait day feeding volume, and PC is protein content in bait, and 6.5% is nitrogen content in protein; Biofilter is by nitrification, and the TAN in water is converted into nitrate, and in order to the nitrate nitrogen in reduction system need to system supplementing water, amount of makeup water (Q) can be calculated by following formula: Q=P
tAN× 10
6/ N
max, N
maxfor maximum the concentration of nitrate nitrogen; Maximum the concentration of nitrate nitrogen can be set to 150 ~ 200mg/L, water outlet total ammonia nitrogen concentration C
outcan be set to 1.0 ~ 2.0mg/L, biofilter needs the amount of the TAN transformed can be calculated by following formula every day: R
tAN=P
tAN-C
out× Q × 10
-6; Nitrification area (S
n) can with formulae discovery below: S
n=R
tAN× 10
3/ R
n, R
nfor expection rate of nitrification, scope is from 0.15 ~ 1g/ (m
2day), most of RAS can reach 0.5g/ (m
2day); Specific surface area (S) numerical value of various different biofilter material is different, and scope is at 100 ~ 300m
2/ m
3between; Volume (the V of biofilter
biofilm) can be calculated by following formula: V
biofilm=S
n/ S; The nitration reaction process oxygen demand of carrying out in biofilter is very large, and according to basic biochemistry reaction equation, the TAN of every 1g is oxidized to the oxygen that nitrate needs oxygen consumption 4.57g, and thus biofilter oxygen consumption can be calculated by following formula: R
bNOD=R
tAN× 4.57, R
bNODfor biofilter oxygen demand, the oxygenation of biofilter general air, carries out aeration simultaneously, can according to this numerical computations air charge.
4. a circulating water culture system method for designing, it is characterized in that, it adopts the selection method based on flow-control, namely first first computing system oxygen supply and flow parameter is come by basic parameter, aquaculture organism system oxygen demand is calculated by maximum biomass and aquaculture organism unit respiratory rate parameter, again according to water-in and water-out oxyty, calculate system total flow, calculate mechanical filter, flotation tank, the parameter of biofilter and type selecting according to system total flow afterwards.
5. circulating water culture system method for designing according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, it adopts the selection method based on flow-control, step one, determine basic parameter, first will according to breed variety and ability setting RAS control temperature, maximum cultivation density, cultivation fish average weight, the culturing pool depth of water, the culturing pool gross area, then breeding water body cumulative volume, maximum biomass is calculated, maximum biomass, the bait situation of finally throwing something and feeding according to breed variety and plan sets rate of throwing something and feeding, and calculates day maximum feeding volume; Step 2, computing system oxygen supply and flow parameter, calculate aquaculture organism system oxygen demand by maximum biomass and aquaculture organism unit respiratory rate parameter, then according to water-in and water-out oxyty, calculate system total flow; Step 3, calculating machine filter parameter, according to aquaculture organism digestibility and maximum day feeding volume can estimate a day solid waste output P
sS, then according to system total flow and day solid waste yield meter calculate solid waste average day concentration, estimate mechanical filter concentration index and suitable mechanical filtration efficiency, thus type selecting carried out to mechanical filter; Step 4, calculating flotation tank parameter, flotation tank volume can be calculated in the time that flotation tank stops according to system total flow and estimation water, according to day solid waste output and mechanical filter remove the amount of solid that solid waste output obtains needing flotation tank to remove day, obtain flotation tank efficiency parameters, thus type selecting is carried out to flotation tank volume and efficiency; The parameter of step 5, calculating biofilter, amount of solid that flotation tank and mechanical filter remove calculates total ammonia nitrogen again generation Ptan in conjunction with the nitrogen content in protein content, protein in bait is deducted according to bait day feeding volume, a day amount of makeup water is calculated again according to estimation day maximum the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, concentration again in conjunction with water outlet total ammonia nitrogen show that every day, biofilter needed the amount of the TAN transformed, then calculates required nitrification area S according to expection rate of nitrification RN
n, then draw biofilter material volume V according to the biofilter material specific surface area selected
biofilm, and biofilter oxygen consumption draws according to total ammonia nitrogen generation, then can according to this numerical computations air charge.
6. circulating water culture system method for designing according to claim 5, wherein system water flow Q
scan be calculated by following formula: Q
s=R
dOfish/ [(C
dOin-C
dOout) × 10
-6], R
dOfishfor oxygen total flow, C
dOinwater inlet oxyty, C
dooutfor water outlet oxyty; Aquaculture organism oxygen demand can calculate simply by aquaculture organism unit respiratory rate and aquaculture organism amount: R
dOfish=R
dOfish× BM × 24h/day × 10
-6, R
fishfor aquaculture organism unit respiratory rate, BM is system maximum biomass; The total solids concentration of mechanical filter is: C
sSin=P
sS× 10
6/ Q
s, C
sSinfor mechanical filter enters the equal solids concentration of level, P
sSfor solids gross yield; R
mSS=P
sS× E
mSS, R
mSSfor mechanical filter solids removal amount, E
mSSfor mechanical filter efficiency; According to flotation tank designing requirement, the available depth of flotation tank generally gets 2.0 ~ 2.5m, the current time of staying (t in pond
foam) be generally 10 ~ 20min; The volume required for flotation tank can be calculated: V
foam=t
foam× Q
s/ (1.44 × 10
6), V
foamfor flotation tank volume; Flotation tank generally can remove the solids of 30% ~ 80%, according to the efficiency of flotation tank, can calculate the amount that flotation tank removes solids: R
fSS=(P
sS-R
mSS) × E
fSS, R
fSSfor air supporting solids removal amount, E
fSSfor flotation tank removal efficiency; The generation of biofilter parameter determination total ammonia nitrogen can be represented by Percent protein in feed: P
tAN=(FA-R
mSS-R
fSS) × PC × 6.5%, P
tANfor system total ammonia nitrogen output, FA is bait day feeding volume, and PC is protein content in bait, and 6.5% is nitrogen content in protein; Biofilter is by nitrification, and the TAN in water is converted into nitrate, and in order to the nitrate nitrogen in reduction system need to system supplementing water, amount of makeup water (Q) can be calculated by following formula: Q=P
tAN× 10
6/ N
max, N
maxfor maximum the concentration of nitrate nitrogen; Maximum the concentration of nitrate nitrogen can be set to 150 ~ 200mg/L, water outlet total ammonia nitrogen concentration C
outcan be set to 1.0 ~ 2.0mg/L, biofilter needs the amount of the TAN transformed can be calculated by following formula every day: R
tAN=P
tAN-C
out× Q × 10
-6; Nitrification area (S
n) can with formulae discovery below: S
n=R
tAN× 10
3/ R
n, R
nfor expection rate of nitrification, scope is from 0.15 ~ 1g/ (m
2day), most of RAS can reach 0.5g/ (m
2day).Specific surface area (S) numerical value of various different biofilter material is different, and scope is at 100 ~ 300m
2/ m
3between; Volume (the V of biofilter
biofilm) can be calculated by following formula: V
biofilm=S
n/ S; The nitration reaction process oxygen demand of carrying out in biofilter is very large, and according to basic biochemistry reaction equation, the TAN of every 1g is oxidized to the oxygen that nitrate needs oxygen consumption 4.57g, and thus biofilter oxygen consumption can be calculated by following formula: R
bNOD=R
tAN× 4.57, R
bNODfor biofilter oxygen demand, the oxygenation of biofilter general air, carries out aeration simultaneously, can according to this numerical computations air charge.
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