CN105010033A - 一种番茄灰霉病的防治方法 - Google Patents

一种番茄灰霉病的防治方法 Download PDF

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CN105010033A
CN105010033A CN201510386002.3A CN201510386002A CN105010033A CN 105010033 A CN105010033 A CN 105010033A CN 201510386002 A CN201510386002 A CN 201510386002A CN 105010033 A CN105010033 A CN 105010033A
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李佩龙
李美琼
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Abstract

本发明提出一种番茄灰霉病的防治方法，用以解决现有技术中使用化学防治番茄灰霉病用药量和劳动强度很大的问题。本发明是按照下述方式进行的：(1)生态治理；(2)农业防治；(3)生物控制；(4)生物防治：用下述重量份数的原料配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲5-10、赤霉素0.1-0.5、绿原酸0.1-0.5、丁子香酚5-10、腐霉利2-8、双脂磺基丁二酸盐1-5、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐1-5；(5)物理防治；(6)化学防治。本发明充分利用不同活性物质混用的增效作用，克服了单一杀菌剂开发用时长、成本高、耗资大，而且用量大、长期使用易产生抗药性得缺点，对番茄灰霉病菌的杀菌效果特别明显。

Description

一种番茄灰霉病的防治方法
技术领域
本发明涉及番茄疾病防治方法，特别是指一种番茄灰霉病的防治方法。
背景技术
从20世纪80年代在中国发生番茄灰霉病以来，对灰霉病的研究已经取得了较大的进展。1992年李凤云等通过室内和室外的试验观察对番茄灰霉病菌的生物学特性进行了详细的报道。李保聚等在1999年首次提出对番茄用2,4-D蘸花后7～15天摘除残留花瓣及柱头的防治番茄果实灰霉病的新方法，以后则相继报道了各种不同作用机制、不同剂型的化学杀菌剂防治番茄灰霉病的文章。2001年王树桐对番茄灰霉病菌等具抗菌活性的植物提取物行了报道。
番茄灰霉病是番茄上危害较重且常见的病害，除危害番茄外，还可危害茄子、辣椒、黄瓜、瓠瓜等20多种作物。在北方保护地、南方露地普遍发生，严重时造成绝产。茎、叶、花、果均可危害，但主要危害果实，通常以青果发病较重。生产上物理防治措施有摘除花瓣和高温焖棚。化学防治主要是通过喷施速克灵、扑海因、嘧霉胺、施佳乐等，灰霉病抗药性强，每次用药必须要交替使用，每5天1次，连续喷洒2～3次，用药量和劳动强度很大。
发明内容
本发明提出一种番茄灰霉病的防治方法，解决了现有技术中使用化学防治番茄灰霉病用药量和劳动强度很大的问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种番茄灰霉病的防治方法，它是按照下述方式进行的：
(1)生态治理：每亩试用地福来200-400ml，兑水30-50公斤，混匀后喷雾于作物的根部土壤，能有效活化土壤根际微生物，释放被土壤固化的大、中、微量元素，高效固氮，提高品质、无毒无害；
(2)农业防治：地膜覆盖栽培，低密度；浇水在晴天进行，控制浇水量，不大水漫灌，降低湿度；保持棚膜清洁，增加光照，适时通风、降低棚内湿度，在上午保持高的温度，使棚顶露水雾化，下午延长放风时间；夜间增温，避免植株叶面结露；
(3)生物控制：控制田间杂草和害虫数量，减少病原菌传播媒介；
(4)生物防治：发病初期，用0.3％多抗霉素水剂300倍喷雾施用，10天1次，连喷1-2次；用下述重量份数的原料配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲5-10、赤霉素0.1-0.5、绿原酸0.1-0.5、丁子香酚5-10、腐霉利2-8、双脂磺基丁二酸盐1-5、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐1-5；
(5)物理防治：种子臭氧灭菌处理：在育苗下籽前，用臭氧水侵泡种子40-60分钟；大剂量臭氧空棚灭菌：在幼苗移栽前，关闭放风口，用大剂量臭氧气体对空棚进行灭菌处理；
(6)化学防治：用80％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂或80％代森锌可湿性粉剂稀释500倍液喷雾预防；配施70％丙森锌可湿性粉剂500倍液喷雾，抑制病菌生长，隔7天左右用药1次，连续用药2～3次。
优选的，所述步骤(4)中用下述重量份数的原料配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲6-8、赤霉素0.2-0.4、绿原酸0.2-0.4、丁子香酚6-8、腐霉利4-6、双脂磺基丁二酸盐2-4、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐2-4。
进一步的，所述步骤(4)中用下述重量份数的原料配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲7、赤霉素0.3、绿原酸0.3、丁子香酚7、腐霉利5、双脂磺基丁二酸盐3、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐3。
将杀菌剂加水稀释500-1500倍，于植株发病期进行喷洒处理，能有效防治病害发生。未发病时进行处理，能起到很好的预防作用。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明采用异菌脲、赤霉素、绿原酸、丁子香酚、腐霉利、双脂磺基丁二酸盐、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐配成杀菌剂进行喷洒，充分利用不同活性物质混用的增效作用，克服了单一杀菌剂开发用时长、成本高、耗资大，而且用量大、长期使用易产生抗药性得缺点，可有效预防和防治番茄灰霉病害的发生，对番茄灰霉病菌的杀菌效果特别明显。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种番茄灰霉病的防治方法，它是按照下述方式进行的：
(1)生态治理：每亩试用地福来200-400ml，兑水30-50公斤，混匀后喷雾于作物的根部土壤，能有效活化土壤根际微生物，释放被土壤固化的大、中、微量元素，高效固氮，提高品质、无毒无害；
(2)农业防治：地膜覆盖栽培，低密度；浇水在晴天进行，控制浇水量，不大水漫灌，降低湿度；保持棚膜清洁，增加光照，适时通风、降低棚内湿度，在上午保持高的温度，使棚顶露水雾化，下午延长放风时间；夜间增温，避免植株叶面结露；
(3)生物控制：控制田间杂草和害虫数量，减少病原菌传播媒介；
(4)生物防治：发病初期，用0.3％多抗霉素水剂300倍喷雾施用，10天1次，连喷1-2次；用下述重量份数的原料配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲5-10、赤霉素0.1-0.5、绿原酸0.1-0.5、丁子香酚5-10、腐霉利2-8、双脂磺基丁二酸盐1-5、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐1-5；
(5)物理防治：种子臭氧灭菌处理：在育苗下籽前，用臭氧水侵泡种子40-60分钟；大剂量臭氧空棚灭菌：在幼苗移栽前，关闭放风口，用大剂量臭氧气体对空棚进行灭菌处理；
(6)化学防治：用80％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂或80％代森锌可湿性粉剂稀释500倍液喷雾预防；配施70％丙森锌可湿性粉剂500倍液喷雾，抑制病菌生长，隔7天左右用药1次，连续用药2～3次。
优选的，所述步骤(4)中用下述重量份数的原料配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲6-8、赤霉素0.2-0.4、绿原酸0.2-0.4、丁子香酚6-8、腐霉利4-6、双脂磺基丁二酸盐2-4、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐2-4。
进一步的，所述步骤(4)中用下述重量份数的原料配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲7、赤霉素0.3、绿原酸0.3、丁子香酚7、腐霉利5、双脂磺基丁二酸盐3、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐3。
实施例1
生物防治中，用下述配方配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲5g、赤霉素0.1g、绿原酸0.1g、丁子香酚5g、腐霉利2g、双脂磺基丁二酸盐1g、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐1g。
将上述杀菌剂加水稀释500倍，于植株发病期进行喷洒处理。
实施例2
生物防治中，用下述配方配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲10g、赤霉素0.5g、绿原酸0.5g、丁子香酚10g、腐霉利8g、双脂磺基丁二酸盐5g、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐5g。
将上述杀菌剂加水稀释1500倍，于植株发病期进行喷洒处理。
实施例3
生物防治中，用下述配方配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲8g、赤霉素0.2g、绿原酸0.2g、丁子香酚8g、腐霉利6g、双脂磺基丁二酸盐3g、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐4g。
将上述杀菌剂加水稀释1000倍，于植株发病期进行喷洒处理。
实施例4
生物防治中，用下述配方配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲8g、赤霉素0.4g、绿原酸0.3g、丁子香酚9g、腐霉利6g、双脂磺基丁二酸盐2g、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐3g。
将上述杀菌剂加水稀释800倍，于植株发病期进行喷洒处理。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种番茄灰霉病的防治方法，其特征在于，它是按照下述方式进行的：
(1)生态治理：每亩试用地福来200-400ml，兑水30-50公斤，混匀后喷雾于作物的根部土壤；
(2)农业防治：地膜覆盖栽培，低密度；浇水在晴天进行，控制浇水量，不大水漫灌，降低湿度；保持棚膜清洁，增加光照，适时通风、降低棚内湿度，在上午保持高的温度，使棚顶露水雾化，下午延长放风时间；夜间增温，避免植株叶面结露；
(3)生物控制：控制田间杂草和害虫数量，减少病原菌传播媒介；
(4)生物防治：发病初期，用0.3％多抗霉素水剂300倍喷雾施用，10天1次，连喷1-2次；用下述重量份数的原料配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲5-10、赤霉素0.1-0.5、绿原酸0.1-0.5、丁子香酚5-10、腐霉利2-8、双脂磺基丁二酸盐1-5、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐1-5；
(5)物理防治：种子臭氧灭菌处理：在育苗下籽前，用臭氧水侵泡种子40-60分钟；大剂量臭氧空棚灭菌：在幼苗移栽前，关闭放风口，用大剂量臭氧气体对空棚进行灭菌处理；
(6)化学防治：用80％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂或80％代森锌可湿性粉剂稀释500倍液喷雾预防；配施70％丙森锌可湿性粉剂500倍液喷雾，抑制病菌生长，隔7天左右用药1次，连续用药2～3次。
2.根据权利要求1所述的番茄灰霉病的防治方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中用下述重量份数的原料配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲6-8、赤霉素0.2-0.4、绿原酸0.2-0.4、丁子香酚6-8、腐霉利4-6、双脂磺基丁二酸盐2-4、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐2-4。
3.根据权利要求1所述的番茄灰霉病的防治方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中用下述重量份数的原料配成杀菌剂进行喷洒：异菌脲7、赤霉素0.3、绿原酸0.3、丁子香酚7、腐霉利5、双脂磺基丁二酸盐3、磺基丁二酸二十三烷基钠盐3。
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CN108093745A (zh) * 2018-01-17 2018-06-01 安徽省华禾种业有限公司 一种西红柿种子的催芽方法
CN109121904A (zh) * 2018-07-12 2019-01-04 富川凯邦农资经营部 一种番茄脐腐病防治方法
CN109496624A (zh) * 2019-01-04 2019-03-22 陈芳 臭氧水防治土传病虫害的方法
CN110521723A (zh) * 2019-09-17 2019-12-03 扬州诺丰农业科技有限公司 一种高效防控蔬菜灰霉病等病害的磺酰化壳聚糖微胶囊制剂
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CN113994961A (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-02-01 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 苯丙素类天然源化合物作为杀菌剂在防治植物病菌中的应用

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108093745A (zh) * 2018-01-17 2018-06-01 安徽省华禾种业有限公司 一种西红柿种子的催芽方法
CN109121904A (zh) * 2018-07-12 2019-01-04 富川凯邦农资经营部 一种番茄脐腐病防治方法
CN109496624A (zh) * 2019-01-04 2019-03-22 陈芳 臭氧水防治土传病虫害的方法
CN110521723A (zh) * 2019-09-17 2019-12-03 扬州诺丰农业科技有限公司 一种高效防控蔬菜灰霉病等病害的磺酰化壳聚糖微胶囊制剂
CN110521723B (zh) * 2019-09-17 2021-12-03 扬州诺丰农业科技有限公司 一种高效防控蔬菜灰霉病等病害的磺酰化壳聚糖微胶囊制剂
CN112379711A (zh) * 2020-11-12 2021-02-19 浙江宜葆生物科技有限公司 一种基于物联网的草莓灰霉病预报系统
CN112379711B (zh) * 2020-11-12 2021-09-03 浙江宜葆生物科技有限公司 一种基于物联网的草莓灰霉病预报系统
CN113994961A (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-02-01 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 苯丙素类天然源化合物作为杀菌剂在防治植物病菌中的应用

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