IPT systematic parameter optimization methods based on frequency Bifurcation Characteristics
Technical field
The present invention relates to induction electric energy to transmit (IPT) field, and in particular to a kind of IPT systems based on frequency Bifurcation Characteristics
Parameter optimization method.
Background technology
Induction electric energy transmission technology, referred to as IPT technologies, it is that one kind is based on electromagnetic field near field loose coupling principle of induction, it is comprehensive
Conjunction utilizes Technics of Power Electronic Conversion technology, magnetic coupling technology and control theory, realizes electrical equipment in a manner of non-conductive contact
The technology of energy is obtained from power network, is widely used in the Special Ring such as urban electric track traffic, pure electric automobile, inflammable and explosive
The fields such as border mobile electrical equipment, generation of electricity by new energy, oil drilling, anury household electrical appliances and organism interplantation electrical equipment.
As shown in figure 1, from system architecture, IPT systems include two parts of primary and secondary side, and primary side is become by resonance
Parallel operation produces high frequency alternating current on transmitting coil, and the electric energy sensed on secondary energy acceptance coil is through reactive-load compensation and energy
Exported after change of variable to load.The particularity and complexity of structure cause system to show typical high-order nonlinear characteristic, from
And cause the dynamic behavior of complexity, add system modeling analysis and the difficulty of control.
In the basic reactive-load compensation network of IPT systems, primary side series connection secondary string can be divided into according to the difference of compensating electric capacity position
Connection compensation (hereinafter referred SS types topology), primary side series connection secondary shunt compensation (hereinafter referred SP types topology) in parallel, primary side are in parallel
Secondary series compensation hereinafter referred PS types topology), four kinds of primary side parallel connection secondary shunt compensation (hereinafter referred PP types topology) it is basic
Reactive-load compensation topology.
IPT systems generally have two kinds of common control strategies, i.e. fixed-frequency control and floating frequency controls:
1. fixed-frequency control
Determine under frequency pattern, controller actively sends the switching of the pulse signal control inverter of certain frequency, and system is in the frequency
Make forced oscillation under rate.System switching frequency is fixed, and is not changed with Parameters variation, therefore, in load switching or parameter drift
During shifting, system easily enters hard switching working condition, causes larger switching loss and electromagnetic interference (EMI), be unfavorable for be
System long-term stable operation.
2. floating frequency controls
Under floating frequency controls, controller controls the switching of inverter according to the zero cross signal of feedback voltage or electric current in real time, is
Unite switching frequency tracking resonant frequency, switch switching tube when each switched resonance voltage or current over-zero, it is ensured that system
Total working is in Sofe Switch state, therefore floating frequency pattern has more preferable parameter adaptive ability relative to frequency pattern is determined.It is but floating
There is also some limitations for frequency control:Structure is relative complex, it is necessary to detect, pick-up and controlling unit, reduces the reliable of system
Property;Unstable Sofe Switch operating point can not be operated in, may occurrence frequency saltus step in frequency fork area;To the sound of control circuit
Answer rate request higher, if delay being present system can be caused to be operated under hard switching state;If off resonance may be
Regiment commander carrys out very big infringement, therefore is generally used for lower-powered system.
Literature research shows, in IPT systems, when systematic parameter such as mutual inductance, former secondary resonant network parameter and load
Impedance etc. changes, and may all cause the fork of system resonance frequencies.Wherein most commonly seen fork is Bifurcation, static
Fork refers to the number of equalization point and unexpected change occurs with Parameters variation for stability, and most common of which is fork-shaped point
Trouble, the test pattern of fork-shaped fork is as shown in Fig. 2 frequency in turnoff is continuous, and a band frequency invariant region be present.
If IPT system Sofe Switch frequencies can be made to always work in this frequency invariant region, the work of IPT systems is steady
It is qualitative to be greatly improved.
But not every fork-shaped fork is all such as Fig. 2 standards so, and many times Sofe Switch frequency is in turnoff right and wrong
Continuously, and there is no frequency invariant region, as shown in Figure 3.Therefore studying a kind of method of optimization IPT system control parameters makes
The system Sofe Switch frequency for obtaining IPT systems is particularly important in the fork-shaped fork of standard.
The content of the invention
It is special based on frequency fork it is an object of the invention to provide one kind in order to overcome defect present in above-mentioned prior art
Property IPT systematic parameter optimization methods, can cause IPT system Sofe Switch frequencies bifurcation graphs be in standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs so that
The load R of the IPT systemsLDuring change, its Sofe Switch frequency has preferable frequency stability, and then IPT systems are operated in
Under stable Sofe Switch frequency.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of IPT systems ginseng based on frequency Bifurcation Characteristics
Number optimization method, comprises the following steps:
S1, IPT system models are established according to actual requirement, set Sofe Switch frequency f, the primary side inductance value L of the systempWith
Secondary inductance value Ls;
S2, according to the Sofe Switch frequency f of setting, primary side inductance value LpWith secondary inductance value Ls, choose secondary resonance compensation electricity
Hold CsValue;
S3, primary compensation capacitor initial value is calculated based on ac resistance analysis method
S4, according to primary side inductance value L in the IPT systems establishedp, secondary inductance value Ls, secondary resonance compensation electric capacity CsWith
Primary compensation capacitor initial valueEmulated, obtain the preliminary Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs of the IPT systems;
S5, keep primary side inductance value Lp, secondary inductance value LsWith secondary resonance compensation electric capacity CsIt is constant, compensate electricity in primary side
Hold initial valuePrimary compensation capacitor exploration value is nearby taken, and the primary side is obtained by stroboscopic map modeling and Computer Simulation and mended
The simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs under electric capacity exploration value are repaid, until the simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs diverge in standard fork-shaped
During figure, using primary compensation capacitor exploration value now as primary compensation capacitor optimal value Cp。
Primary compensation capacitor initial value is obtained by ac resistance analysis methodWherein SS types topology IPT systems, PS types are opened up
Flutter IPT systems, SP types topology IPT systems the primary compensation capacitor initial value different with each correspondence of PP types topologyThese four are opened up
Flutter the primary compensation capacitor initial value of the IPT systems of structureKnown ac resistance analysis method can be used to be calculated, so
Afterwards primary compensation capacitor optimal value C is obtained further according to interative computation and Computer SimulationpSo that the simple of the IPT systems soft opens
It is standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs to close frequency bifurcation graphs, that is, frequency invariant region be present, as long as in this way, ensureing the load of the IPT systems
RLNo more than the loading range in frequency invariant region, you can ensure that the Sofe Switch frequency of the IPT systems keeps constant.The optimization
Method is simple, direct, effective, can be quickly obtained primary compensation capacitor optimal value Cp。
Further, this method also includes step S6, and the IPT systems crossed to parameter optimization carry out stroboscopic map modeling, draws
Go out complete fine Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs, carry out verifying primary compensation capacitor optimal value CpWhether so that the IPT systems are soft
Switching frequency bifurcation graphs meet the requirement of standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, if met, design is completed, if do not met, is repeated
Step S5, until primary compensation capacitor optimal value CpUntill meeting the requirements.
It ensure that primary compensation capacitor optimal value CpAccuracy, so as to further improve the stability of IPT systems.
Further, when the IPT systems are SS type topology IPT systems, the step S3 comprises the following steps:
S3-1, IPT systems are analyzed with Impedance Analysis,
Obtaining secondary total impedance is:RLFor the load of the IPT systems, ω is the IPT system works
The angular frequency of work;
The equivalent secondary reflected umpedance to primary side is:Wherein, M is mutual inductance;
System total impedance is:RpFor the impedance of primary side inductance and circuit;
S3-2, when realizing the maximum transmitted of power, IPT systems secondary is under complete mode of resonance, system it is intrinsic
Resonant frequency
S3-3, it is 0 to make system total impedance imaginary part, obtains primary compensation capacitor coarse value
S3-4, primary compensation capacitor coarse value is obtained by two formulas in step S3-2 and step S3-3
To SS type topology IPT systems, the primary compensation capacitor coarse valueComputational methods, it is easy and effective, and accurately
Property it is high.
Further, the step S5 comprises the following steps:
S5-1, keep primary side inductance value Lp, secondary inductance value LsWith secondary resonance compensation electric capacity CsIt is constant;
S5-2, adjusted to obtain primary compensation capacitor optimal value C according to the fork type of preliminary Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphsp's
Span, modeled by stroboscopic map, and substituted into the arbitrary value in the span as primary compensation capacitor exploration value
In the model, emulated to obtain simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs, if resulting simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs are
Standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, then primary compensation capacitor exploration value now is primary compensation capacitor optimal value CpIf gained
The simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs arrived are non-standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, then perform step S5-3;
S5-3, Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs are calculated by repeat step S5-2, carry out successive ignition computing, until simple soft
When switching frequency bifurcation graphs are in standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, stop interative computation, obtain primary compensation capacitor optimal value Cp。
Keeping primary side inductance value Lp, secondary inductance value LsWith secondary resonance compensation electric capacity CsIn the case of constant, to primary side
Compensating electric capacity exploration value is iterated computing, so as to obtain primary compensation capacitor optimal value Cp, this method is simple, and calculates accurately
Rate is high, and speed is fast.
Further, when the IPT systems are SS type topology IPT systems, in step S5-3, simple soft opened if resulting
It is upper end continuous type to close frequency bifurcation graphs, then increases primary compensation capacitor exploration value;If resulting simple Sofe Switch frequency
Bifurcation graphs are lower end continuous type, then reduce the value that primary compensation capacitor is soundd out.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1st, solves the system that fixed-frequency control is not suitable with load change, and floating frequency control can not be operated in the stable frequency of Non-Self-Governing
The contradiction of rate point;
2nd, frequency stability of the system in the case of varying load is preferably realized;
3rd, simple, wide adaptability, reliability height are realized;
The additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partly become from the following description
Obtain substantially, or recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
The above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will become in the description from combination accompanying drawings below to embodiment
Substantially and it is readily appreciated that, wherein:
Fig. 1 is SS type IPT system topological circuit diagrams;
Fig. 2 is standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs;
Fig. 3 is non-standard fork-shaped fork schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of this method;
Fig. 5 is the Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs of different primary compensation capacitor exploration values;
Fig. 6 is system Sofe Switch frequency fork comparison diagram before and after parameter optimization;
Fig. 7 is stroboscopic map schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the invention, unless otherwise prescribed with limit, it is necessary to explanation, term " installation ", " connected ",
" connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be mechanical connection or electrical connection or the connection of two element internals, can
To be to be joined directly together, can also be indirectly connected by intermediary, for the ordinary skill in the art, can basis
Concrete condition understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term.
The invention provides a kind of IPT systematic parameter optimization methods based on frequency Bifurcation Characteristics, as shown in figure 4, including
Following steps:
S1, IPT system models are established according to actual requirement, set Sofe Switch frequency f, the primary side inductance value L of the systempWith
Secondary inductance value Ls。
S2, according to the Sofe Switch frequency f of setting, primary side inductance value LpWith secondary inductance value Ls, choose secondary resonance compensation electricity
Hold CsValue.
S3, primary compensation capacitor initial value is calculated based on ac resistance analysis method
When the IPT systems are SS type topological structures as shown in Figure 1, primary compensation capacitor initial valueComputational methods
Comprise the following steps:
S3-1, IPT systems are analyzed with Impedance Analysis,
Obtaining secondary total impedance is:RLFor the load of the IPT systems, ω is the IPT system works
The angular frequency of work.
The equivalent secondary reflected umpedance to primary side is:Wherein, M is mutual inductance.
System total impedance is:RpFor the impedance of primary side inductance and circuit.
S3-2, when realizing the maximum transmitted of power, IPT systems secondary is under complete mode of resonance, system it is intrinsic
Resonant frequency
S3-3, it is 0 to make system total impedance imaginary part, obtains primary compensation capacitor coarse value
S3-4, primary compensation capacitor coarse value is obtained by two formulas in step S3-2 and step S3-3The primary side
Compensating electric capacity coarse valueComputational methods, it is easy and effective, and accuracy is high.
S4, according to primary side inductance value L in the IPT systems establishedp, secondary inductance value Ls, secondary resonance compensation electric capacity CsWith
Primary compensation capacitor initial valueEmulated, obtain the preliminary Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs of the IPT systems.
S5, keep primary side inductance value Lp, secondary inductance value LsWith secondary resonance compensation electric capacity CsIt is constant, compensate electricity in primary side
Hold initial valuePrimary compensation capacitor exploration value is nearby taken, and the primary side is obtained by stroboscopic map modeling and Computer Simulation and mended
The simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs under electric capacity exploration value are repaid, until the simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs diverge in standard fork-shaped
During figure, using primary compensation capacitor exploration value now as primary compensation capacitor optimal value Cp。
The span of primary compensation capacitor exploration value is primary compensation capacitor initial value
In simulations in order to improve efficiency, it is only necessary to take several load values in frequency transition region, built by stroboscopic map
Mould obtains Sofe Switch frequency corresponding to these load values, so as to obtain the simple Sofe Switch frequency fork being previously mentioned in this step
Figure.
Specifically, step S5 includes following three step:
The first step, keep primary side inductance value Lp, secondary inductance value LsWith secondary resonance compensation electric capacity CsIt is constant.
Second step, adjusted to obtain primary compensation capacitor optimal value C according to the fork type of preliminary Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphsp
Span, modeled by stroboscopic map, and using the arbitrary value in the span as primary compensation capacitor exploration value generation
Enter in the model, emulated to obtain simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs, if resulting simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs
For standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, then primary compensation capacitor exploration value now is primary compensation capacitor optimal value CpIf institute
Obtained simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs are non-standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, then perform step S5-3;
3rd step, Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs are calculated by repeat step S5-2, successive ignition computing are carried out, until simple
When Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs are in standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, stop interative computation, obtain primary compensation capacitor optimal value Cp。
When the IPT systems are SS type topological structures as shown in Figure 1, if resulting simple Sofe Switch frequency fork
Figure is upper end continuous type, increases primary compensation capacitor exploration value, as shown in figure 5, if lower end continuous type, then reduces primary side and mends
The value of electric capacity exploration is repaid, successive ignition computing is carried out, when simple Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs are in standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, stops
Only interative computation, obtain primary compensation capacitor optimal value Cp。
The stroboscopic map mentioned in the application, with changeless sample frequency sampled targets system, the sample frequency and
System operating frequency is consistent.For the system of mechanical periodicity, its stroboscopic map model necessarily correspond to one it is motionless
Point.By taking common the tracks of line voltage as an example, the schematic diagram of its stroboscopic map modeling is as shown in Figure 7, it can be seen that, with all with operation
Time interval consistent phase T carries out stroboscopic sampling, and the result of its stroboscopic map is a fixed point y*=Ys。
Stroboscopic map modeling method can be precisely calculated controlled resonant converter Sofe Switch operating point with period fixed point theory.
For the IPT systems of load change, accurate mathematical modeling can be established to IPT systems with this method.
Stroboscopic map modeling method is:
If M ties up autonomous nonlinear system:
Its piecewise linearity can be turned to k linear normal modes, the state space description of each mode is:
Assuming that under each linear work mode, system input quantity ui(t)=c is that constant is constant and systematic parameter matrix AiCan
Inverse, then the analytic solutions of system are:In formula, x be state variable and
x∈RM, dimension m, ui∈Rl, (i=1,2,3...k) is system input variable, dimension l.AiAnd BiRespectively system mode
Coefficient matrix and system input coefficient matrix.
x0=x (0) is mode original state.Wherein state-transition matrix is represented by:
If during stable state, the system operation cycle is T, and the run duration of each linear normal modes is ζi, thenCan
Obtain the state mapping function under each mode
Assuming that xnFor systematic steady state when cycle original state, xn+1End cycle state during systematic steady state, then system is
The stroboscopic map model in n cycle is represented by:In formulaFor conversion because
Son, its meaning are
During stable state, the state vector cycle of system repeats, i.e. xn+1=xn,
Substitution obtains the fixed point x of system*,
The boundary condition of each Mode-switch is represented by:
Wherein Yj∈Rp×m, (i=1,2,3...k) is state-transition matrix, for p shape for being related to boundary condition
State variable extracts from m dimension state vectors x.
For IPT systems, for the ease of analysis, it is assumed that all switching devices are ideal component.Can be by system segment line
Property, it is state variable to take the electric current of the voltage of all capacitor elements and inductance component in system, obtains the shape of each mode
State space descriptive equation;Period fixed point function is obtained according to the state mapping function under each mode, and then tries to achieve Sofe Switch week
The steady-state value of each state variable in phase and systematic steady state cycle.
The present invention is keeping primary side inductance value Lp, secondary inductance value LsWith secondary resonance compensation electric capacity CsIn the case of constant,
Computing is iterated to primary compensation capacitor exploration value, so as to obtain primary compensation capacitor optimal value Cp.Pass through AC impedance point
Analysis method obtains primary compensation capacitor initial valueThen primary side compensation is obtained further according to frequency dispersion mapping model and Computer Simulation
Electric capacity optimal value CpSo that the IPT system Sofe Switch frequencies bifurcation graphs are standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, that is, frequency constant region be present
Domain, as long as in this way, ensureing the load R of the IPT systemsLNo more than the loading range in frequency invariant region, you can ensure the IPT
The Sofe Switch frequency of system keeps constant.The optimization method is simple, direct, effective, and it is excellent to be quickly obtained primary compensation capacitor
Change value Cp。
The Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs of IPT systems after parameter optimization as shown in Figure 6, before optimization, its Sofe Switch frequency
Figure is non-standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, and noncontinuity is presented, and does not have frequency invariant region, and the system after Optimal Parameters, its
Sofe Switch frequency diagram is standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, presents the continuity of frequency, and frequency invariant region be present.
In order to accelerate calculating unnecessary in the speed and reduction optimization process calculated, so being opened in step S5 to soft
Close the calculating in the emulation of frequency bifurcation graphs and be all based on what a small amount of point was carried out.Entirely worked to improve the IPT systems
During can be operated under constant Sofe Switch frequency, the parameter for optimizing to obtain need to be verified, that is, draw complete essence
Thin bifurcation graphs are verified, see whether Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation diagram reaches the requirement of the pitchfork bifurcation of standard.
So this method also includes step S6, the IPT systems crossed to parameter optimization carry out stroboscopic map modeling, draw complete
Fine Sofe Switch frequency bifurcation graphs, carry out verifying primary compensation capacitor optimal value CpWhether so that IPT systems Sofe Switch frequency
Rate bifurcation graphs meet the requirement of standard fork-shaped bifurcation graphs, if met, design is completed, if do not met, repeats step S5,
Until primary compensation capacitor optimal value CpUntill meeting the requirements.
It ensure that primary compensation capacitor optimal value CpAccuracy, so as to further improve the stabilizations of IPT systems
Property.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or the spy for combining the embodiment or example description
Point is contained at least one embodiment or example of the present invention.In this manual, to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term not
Necessarily refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the feature of description can be any
One or more embodiments or example in combine in an appropriate manner.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that:Not
In the case of departing from the principle and objective of the present invention a variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments, this
The scope of invention is limited by claim and its equivalent.